NEW PEOPLES BANKSHARES INC

NOTE 1 NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Nature of Operations – New Peoples Bankshares, Inc. (“New Peoples”) is a financial holding company whose principal activity is the ownership and management of a community bank, New Peoples Bank, Inc. (the “Bank”). New Peoples and the Bank are each organized and incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As a state-chartered member bank, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Bank provides general banking services to individuals, small and medium size businesses and the professional community of southwest Virginia, southern West Virginia, northeastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina. These services include commercial and consumer loans along with traditional deposit products such as checking and savings accounts.

NOTE 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation – The consolidated financial statements include New Peoples, the Bank, NPB Insurance Services, Inc., and NPB Web Services, Inc. (hereinafter, collectively referred to as the Company, we, us, or our). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 942, Financial Services – Depository and Lending, NPB Capital Trust I and 2 are not included in the consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting – The Company's revenue is primarily derived from the business of banking. The Company's financial performance is monitored on a consolidated basis by the Chief Executive Officer, who is designated the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), based upon information provided about the Company’s products and services offered. The segments are also distinguished by the level of information provided to the CODM, who uses such information to review the performance of various components of the business, which are then aggregated if operating performance of product and customers are similar. The CODM evaluates the financial performance of the Company’s business components such as revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing the Company’s segments and in determination of allocated resources. The presentation of financial performance to the CODM is consistent with amounts and financial statement lines items shown in the Company's consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. Additionally, the Company's significant expenses are adequately segmented by category and amount in the consolidated statements of income to include all significant items when considering both qualitative and quantitative factors. Significant expenses of the Company include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expense, equipment expense, data processing fees, and legal and professional expenses. All of the Company's financial results are similar and considered by management to be aggregated into one reportable operating segment. While the Company has assigned certain management responsibilities by region and business-line, the Company's CODM evaluates financial performance on a Company-wide basis. The majority of the Company's revenue is from the business of banking and the Company's assigned regions have similar economic characteristics, products, services, and customers. Accordingly, all of the Company's operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2025 – In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, which is greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the entity’s applicable statutory rate, on an annual basis. Additionally, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions that are equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). Lastly, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. ASU 2023-09 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2025. The adoption of this standard had no material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.” ASU 2022-03 clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. ASU 2022-03 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2025. The adoption of this standard had no material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based on estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the economic environment and market conditions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents as used in the cash flow statements include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold and investment securities when purchased within three months of maturity.

Investment Securities – Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and the Company has the ability at the time of purchase to hold securities until maturity, they are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized historical cost. Securities not intended to be held to maturity are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value. Securities available-for-sale are intended to be used as part of the Company’s asset and liability management strategy and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, or other similar factors.

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using the effective interest method over the period to maturity for discounts and the earlier of call date or maturity for premiums. Realized gains and losses on dispositions are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted book value of the securities sold, using the specific identification method. Realized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale are included in noninterest income and, when applicable, are reported as a reclassification adjustment, net of tax, in other comprehensive income (loss). Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale are based on the difference between book value and fair value of each security. These gains and losses are credited or charged to other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, whereas realized gains and losses flow through the statements of income.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Available-for-Sale Securities – For available-for-sale securities, management evaluates all investments in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. If the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security, the security is written down to fair value and the entire loss is recorded in earnings.

If either of the above criteria is not met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value is the result of credit losses or other factors. In making the assessment, the Company may consider various factors including the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, performance on any underlying collateral, downgrades in the ratings of the security by a rating agency, the failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments and adverse conditions specifically related to the security. If the assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security and any excess is recorded as an allowance for credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any unrealized loss that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit losses expense. Losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses when management believes an available-for-sale security is confirmed to be uncollectible or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. As of December 31, 2025, there was no allowance for credit losses related to the available-for-sale portfolio.

Loans held for sale – Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance through earnings. Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing released. Gains and losses on sales of mortgages are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.

Loans – Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs. Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $3.5 million as of December 31, 2025 and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using methods that approximate a level yield without anticipating prepayments.

The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due and is not well collateralized and in the process of collection, or when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the principal or interest will not be collectible in the normal course of business. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. A loan is considered to be past due when a scheduled payment has not been received 30 days after the contractual due date.

All accrued interest is reversed against interest income when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest received on such loans is accounted for using the cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, there is a sustained period of repayment performance, and future payments are reasonably assured.

Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk – The Company identifies a concentration as any obligation, direct or indirect, of the same or affiliated interests which represent 25% or more of the Company’s capital structure, or $20.7 million as of December 31, 2025. Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located within southwest Virginia, southern West Virginia, northeastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina. Certain concentrations may pose credit risk. The Company does not have any significant concentrations to any one industry or customer.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans – The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses inherent in loans as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is estimated by management using relevant available information, from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The Company primarily utilizes the cohort and the probability of default/loss given default methodologies for its reasonable and supportable forecasting of current expected credit losses. To further adjust the allowance for credit losses for expected losses not already included within the quantitative component of the calculation, the Company may consider qualitative adjustment factors such as changes to lending policies and procedures; national and local economic conditions; the experience and ability of management and staff; the volume and severity of past due, rated and nonaccrual assets; loan review system; collateral values; concentrations of credit; the impact of legal or regulatory requirements; and competition.

The Company measures expected credit losses for loans on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments and calculates the allowance for credit losses for each using a discounted cash flow methodology:

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The Company designates loan relationships of $250,000 or more that have been determined to meet the regulatory definitions of “special mention” or “classified” (together known as “criticized”) as individually evaluated. The fair value of individually evaluated loans is measured using the fair value of collateral (“collateral method”) or the DCF method.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Unfunded Commitments – Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, excluding unconditionally cancelable commitments, through a charge to the provision for credit losses in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the current expected credit loss model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur as well as any third-party guarantees. The allowance for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Bank Premises and Equipment – Land, buildings and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Repairs and maintenance costs are recorded as a component of noninterest expense as incurred.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) – OREO includes properties acquired through foreclosure or deeds taken in lieu of foreclosure, as well as closed branch sites with no intended future use and an expected long-term disposal period. At the time of acquisition, these properties are recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Expenses incurred in connection with operating these properties and subsequent write-downs, if any, are charged to operations. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically considers the adequacy of the reserve for losses on the property. Gains and losses on the sales of these properties are credited or charged to income in the year of the sale.

Leases – A right-of-use asset and related lease liability is recognized for operating leases the Bank has entered into for certain office facilities. Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at the sole discretion of management. If it is determined that it is reasonably certain that the Bank will exercise renewal options, the additional term is included in the calculation of the lease liability. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use the fully collateralized Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) borrowing rate, commensurate with the lease terms at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of the lease payments.

Income Taxes – Deferred tax assets or liabilities are computed based upon the difference between financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. The Company provides a valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not such assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company hadno valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. See Note 11, Income Taxes, for additional information. The Company records any penalties and interest attributed to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expenses.

Income Per Share – Basic income per share computations are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. Dilutive earnings per share reflect the additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued.

Financial Instruments – Off-balance-sheet instruments - In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they are funded.

Financial Instruments – Fair Value – Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully discussed in Note 24. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risks, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Comprehensive Income – GAAP requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income. The change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities is the Company’s only component of other comprehensive income.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers – The Company generally satisfies its performance obligations fully on its contracts with customers as services are rendered; and the transaction prices are typically fixed, charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity.

Advertising Cost – Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred. These costs, which are included in Advertising, sponsorships, and donations in Note 26 totaled approximately $286,000 and $240,000, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Reclassification – Certain amounts in the prior years’ financial statements may have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. Certain investment securities were reclassified to collateralized mortgage obligations with guarantees to better align the investment securities by cash flow attributes. The reclassifications had no effect on our results of operations or financial condition as previously reported.

Subsequent Events – The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued. See Note 27 Subsequent Events for additional information.

NOTE 3 RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), further clarified by ASU No 2025-01. ASU 2024-03 requires public companies to disclose specific information about certain expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. This includes disclosing amounts related to employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. In addition, public companies will need to provide qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

NOTE 4 INCOME PER SHARE

Basic income per share computations are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each year. Dilutive earnings per share reflect the additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no dilutive potential common shares.

Basic and diluted net income per common share calculations follows:

NOTE 5 DEPOSITS IN AND FEDERAL FUNDS SOLD TO BANKS

The Bank had federal funds sold and interest-bearing cash on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (“Federal Reserve Bank”) and other commercial banks amounting to $63.4 million and $54.5 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Deposit amounts at other commercial banks may, at times, exceed federally insured limits.

The Bank has a total of $30.0 million in unsecured fed funds lines of credit facilities from three correspondent banks that were available as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Of these total commitments, all were available as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Bank must maintain a $250,000 minimum deposit balance with one correspondent bank as a condition of a $5.0 million fed funds line of credit. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Bank was in compliance with this requirement.

NOTE 6 INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities (all available-for-sale) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

The following table details unrealized losses and related fair values in the available-for-sale portfolio. This information is aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

As of December 31, 2025, the available-for-sale portfolio included 165 investments for which the fair market value was less than amortized cost. As of December 31, 2024, the available-for-sale portfolio included 195 investments for which the fair market value was less than amortized cost. Management believes that all unrealized losses have resulted from temporary changes in the interest rates and current market conditions and are not a result of credit deterioration. Management does not plan to sell, and it is not likely that the Bank will be required to sell any of the securities referenced in the table above before recovery of their amortized cost. None of the individual securities are past due as to principal or interest payments and a number of these securities have explicit or implicit payment guarantees. The remaining securities have credit ratings at or above that necessary to be considered “bank qualified.”

Investment securities with a carrying value of $32.5 million and $35.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

The following table presents the gross proceeds, gross gains and gross losses, and the tax provision resulting from sales of securities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of December 31, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following schedule. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Also, actual maturities may differ from scheduled maturities on amortizing securities, such as mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, because the underlying collateral on these types of securities may be repaid prior to the scheduled maturity date.

The Bank, as a member of the Federal Reserve Bank and the FHLB, is required to hold stock in each. The Bank also owns stock in CBB Financial Corp., which is a correspondent of the Bank. These equity securities are restricted from trading and are recorded at a cost of $2.6 million and $2.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The stock has no quoted market value and no ready market exists.

NOTE 7 LOANS

Loans receivable outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

Included in total loans above are deferred loan fees of $2.2 million and $2.0 million and deferred loan costs of $2.1 million and $1.9 million, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Income from net deferred fees and costs is recognized over the lives of the respective loans as a yield adjustment. If loans repay prior to scheduled maturities any unamortized fee or cost is recognized at that time.

Loans receivable on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

Total interest income not recognized on nonaccrual loans for 2025 and 2024 was approximately $49,000 for both years.

The Company evaluates loans that do not share risk characteristics on an individual basis utilizing the collateral or discounted cash flow methods as described in Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related allowance for credit losses allocated to those loans as December 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following tables show an age analysis of past due loans receivable as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, segregated by class:

As of December 31, 2025, residential 1-4 family loans that were 90 or more days past due and accruing interest totaled approximately $165,000. There were no loans 90 or more days past due that were accruing interest as of December 31, 2024.

The Company categorizes loans receivable into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans and leases individually by classifying the loans receivable as to credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass - Loans in this category are considered to have a low likelihood of loss based on analysis of relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to service their debt and other factors.

Special Mention - Loans in this category are currently protected but are potentially weak, including adverse trends in borrower’s operations, credit quality, or financial strength. Those loans constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a substandard classification. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances. Special mention loans have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the loan or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard - A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt; they are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable.

The following tables present the credit risk grade of loans by origination year as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

NOTE 8 ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES FOR LOANS (“ACLL”)

In determining the amount of our allowance for credit losses, we rely on an analysis of our loan portfolio, our experience, and our evaluation of general economic conditions. If our assumptions prove to be incorrect, our current allowance may not be sufficient to cover future credit losses and we may experience significant increases to our provision.

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Among other techniques, the Company uses a discounted cash flow methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses.

The following tables present a disaggregated analysis of activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

NOTE 9 MODIFICATIONS MADE TO BORROWERS EXPERIENCING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY

An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. Occasionally, the Company modifies loans by providing principal forgiveness on certain of its real estate loans. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted.

On February 15, 2025, severe flash flooding occurred in Tazewell and Buchanan, Counties in Virgina. On September 27, 2024, Hurricane Helene passed through western North Carolina, southwest Virginia andnortheast Tennessee, causing flood and wind damage in its path. To assist borrowers impacted by these natural disasters, we offered short-term payment deferrals of 3 months. As of December 31, 2024, 36 loans totaling $9.2 million were participating in the deferral program. One of these loans, a residential mortgage loan totaling approximately $178,000, received an additional 3-month deferral due to the extent of damage to the property. As of December 31, 2025, the deferral periods have ended and 48 loans totaling $6.6 million participating in the deferral program have commenced regular payments. The loan totaling $178,000 was in default, and $138,000 was charged off during the quarter ended September 30, 2025. No other loans in the deferral program defaulted in the period ended December 31, 2025. There were no loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in period ending December 31, 2025, other than those impacted by natural disasters.

NOTE 10 BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Depreciation expense was $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Bank premises and equipment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

NOTE 11 INCOME TAXES

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return. The following table provides information on the components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following table provides a reconciliation of tax expense computed at the federal statutory tax rate and the recorded tax expense (in dollars and percentages) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following table provides information on the significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company determined that it was not required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized through future taxable income, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and tax strategies. The Company’s net deferred tax asset is recorded in the consolidated financial statements separately.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company made payments to tax authorities for income taxes as set forth in the table below.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to increase significantly over the next twelve months. The company recognizes interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense.

In its most recently filed tax year, the Company filed income tax returns in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, including Tennessee, West Virginia, and North Carolina. With few exceptions the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2022.

NOTE 12 TIME DEPOSITS

The aggregate amount of time deposits that meet or exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) Insurance limit of $250,000 was $58.1 million and $51.3 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Brokered time deposits totaled $8.0 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows (dollars in thousands):

NOTE 13 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Officers, directors (and companies controlled by them), principal shareholders, and associates were customers of and had loan transactions with the Bank in the normal course of business. The following table summarizes these transactions, which were made on substantially the same terms as those prevailing for other customers and did not involve any abnormal risk.

Total related party deposits held at the Bank were $11.0 million and $17.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

NPB Insurance Services, Inc. holds a 39% membership interest in Lonesome Pine Title Agency, LLC, which provides title insurance.

NOTE 14 RETIREMENT AND OTHER BENEFIT PLANS

The Company has established a qualified defined contribution plan that covers all full-time employees. The Company matches employee contributions up to a maximum of 6% of their salary for 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company contributed approximately $544,000 and $529,000 to the defined contribution plan during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

On February 27, 2024, the Board of Directors approved and adopted the New Peoples Bankshares, Inc. Long-Term Cash Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan provides for cash incentive awards to Plan participants based on the Company’s quarterly earnings per share of common stock over the period specified in the Plan. Certain members of management are eligible to participate in the Plan. Individual awards are settled solely in cash, determined by multiplying quarterly earnings per share by the number of notional shares covered by a Plan award. Awards for up to 750,000 notional shares of common stock of the Company may be granted under the Plan. The Plan does not grant participants equity in the Company and does not create any shareholders’ rights. For each award, a participant receives an allocation equal to earnings per share, for each share covered by the award, on a quarterly basis. Awards become vested in 25% increments, on each of the first through fourth anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to a participant’s continuous employment with the Company through the applicable anniversary. Awards are settled on the earliest of a participant’s separation from service, a change in control, or the ten-year anniversary of the Plan’s effective date. Vested portions of an award are generally paid in three installments. Notional shares totaling 655,000 and 605,000 had been awarded as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, with related expense totaling approximately $321,000 and $160,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Bank maintains a salary continuation plan for key executives which was established in 2002 and was funded by single premium life insurance policies. Expenses related to the plan were approximately $22,000 and $24,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

NOTE 15 OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED

The following table summarizes the activity in other real estate owned for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

As of December 31, 2025, there were no loans secured by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure. As of December 31, 2024, one loan secured by residential real estate totaling approximately $16,000 was in the process of foreclosure.

NOTE 16 BANK OWNED LIFE INSURANCE

The Bank had no bank owned life insurance policies as of December 31, 2025.

During 2024 one bank owned life insurance policy was surrendered at market value resulting in a loss of approximately $49,000. In December 2024, a death benefit receivable of $5.4 million was recorded, resulting in an income accrual of $1.6 million.

NOTE 17 DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS ON SUBSIDIARY BANK

A principal source of funds for the Company is dividends paid by the Bank. The Federal Reserve Act restricts the amount of dividends the Bank may pay. Approval by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is required if the dividends declared by a state member bank, in any year, exceed the sum of (1) net income of the current year and (2) income net of dividends for the preceding two years.

Virginia law restricts the amount of dividends a Virginia corporation may pay. Generally, a Virginia corporation may not authorize and make distributions if, after giving effect to the distribution, it would be unable to meet its debts as they become due in the usual course of business or if the corporation’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if it were dissolved at that time, to satisfy the preferential rights of shareholders whose rights are superior to the rights of those receiving the distribution. In addition, the payment of distributions to shareholders is subject to any prior rights of outstanding preferred stock.

NOTE 18 LEASING ACTIVITIES

As of December 31, 2025, the Bank leases four branch offices, one administrative office, one loan production office, and sublets a lot adjacent to another branch office. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from December 2028 to December 2041. It is assumed that there are currently no circumstances in which the leases would be terminated prior to expiration. The weighted average remaining life of the lease terms as of December 31, 2025 is 6.30 years.

The discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease was the FHLB fixed advance rate which corresponded to the lease term for each transaction. This methodology is expected to be used for any other subsequent lease agreements. The weighted average discount rate for the leases as of December 31, 2025 was 3.36%.

The Company’s operating lease costs were approximately $557,000 and $558,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company’s other operating leases were evaluated and determined to be immaterial to the financial statements.

As of December 31, 2025, future minimum rental commitments under the non-cancellable operating leases discussed above are as follows (dollars in thousands):

NOTE 19 BORROWED FUNDS

The following table presents the breakdown of borrowed funds as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

(a) – The Bank has the ability to borrow up to an additional $101.4 million from FHLB under a line of credit which is secured by a blanket lien on qualifying real estate loans as of December 31, 2025. With additional collateral, the Bank’s total credit availability would be $252.3 million. The Bank had no overnight borrowings subject to daily rate changes from the FHLB at December 31, 2025 or 2024.

We have used our line of credit with FHLB to issue letters of credit totaling $14.0 million to the Treasury Board of Virginia for collateral on public funds deposited in the Bank. No draws on the letters of credit have been issued. The letters of credit are considered draws on our FHLB line of credit.

(b) – Federal funds lines consisted of $30.0 million in unsecured federal funds line of credit facilities with correspondent banks as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 exclusive of any outstanding balance. The Company did not borrow from the lines other than to test the ability to access the lines.

(c) – As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no short term FHLB advances outstanding.

(d) – A short-term, fixed rate borrowing under the FRB Bank Term Funding Program in the amount of $10.0 million at was prepaid without penalty during the fourth quarter of 2024.

(e) – The fixed rate FHLB advance in the amount of $10.0 million as of December 31, 2024 was reduced to $7.0 million in 2025 and matures in 2028.

TPS I – On July 7, 2004, the Company completed the issuance of $11.3 million in floating rate trust preferred securities, maturing July 7, 2034, offered by its wholly owned subsidiary, NPB Capital Trust I (TPS I). The rate is determined quarterly and floats based on the 3-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 260 basis points. During 2024, a principal reduction of $1.2 million was paid. On January 7, 2025, a principal reduction of $3.0 million was paid.

TPS 2 – On September 27, 2006, the Company completed the issuance of $5.2 million in floating rate trust preferred securities, maturing October 7, 2036, offered by its wholly owned subsidiary, NPB Capital Trust 2 (TPS 2). The rate is determined quarterly and floats based on the 3-month SOFR plus 177 basis points.

Under the terms of the subordinated debt transactions, the securities have 30-year maturities and are redeemable, in whole or in part, without penalty, at the option of the Company after five years from the issuance date, and on a quarterly basis thereafter.

Following are maturities of borrowed funds as of December 31, 2025*(dollars in thousands)*:

NOTE 20 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK

In the normal course of business, the Bank has outstanding commitments and contingent liabilities, such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which are not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual or notional amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making such commitments as it does for instruments that are included in the balance sheet.

Financial instruments whose contract amount represents credit risk as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer at either a fixed or variable interest rate as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank’s policy for obtaining collateral, and the nature of such collateral, is essentially the same as that involved in making commitments to extend credit.

NOTE 21 CREDIT ALLOWANCE FOR UNFUNDED COMMITMENTS

The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is adjusted through a provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life, utilizing the same models and approaches for the Company's other loan portfolio segments described above, as these unfunded commitments share similar risk characteristics as its loan portfolio segments. As of December 31, 2025 the Company has identified the unfunded portion of certain lines of credit as unconditionally cancellable credit exposures, meaning the Company can cancel the unfunded commitment at any time, and those commitments are excluded from the credit losses estimate.

The Company recorded a provision of approximately $67,000 and $119,000 to the liability for credit losses for unfunded commitments for the years ended December, 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the liability for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures included in accrued expenses and other liabilities was approximately $471,000 and $404,000, respectively.

NOTE 22 LEGAL CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of operations, we may become a party to legal proceedings. As of December 31, 2025, we do not anticipate that the aggregate ultimate liability arising out of litigation pending or threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries to which the property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, in the opinion of management, may materially impact the financial condition or liquidity of the Company.

NOTE 23 CAPITAL

Capital Requirements and Ratios

The Company meets eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement and is no longer obligated to report consolidated regulatory capital.

The Bank is subject to various capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and, possibly, additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, Tier 1 capital to average assets, and Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. As of December 31, 2025, the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Accordingly, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Bank was well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since such dates that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

The Bank is also subject to the rules implementing the Basel III capital framework and certain related provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. The final rules require the Bank to comply with the following minimum capital ratios:(i) a Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (effectively resulting in a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 7%), (ii) a ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%), (iii) a ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5%), and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The Bank’s capital conservation buffer was 8.51% at December 31, 2025. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio above the minimum but below the conservation buffer face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. As of both December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-weighted Assets ratio, the Tier 1 Capital to Risk-weighted Assets ratio, the Total Capital to Risk-weighted Assets ratio, and the Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets ratio of the Bank, exceeded the minimum requirements.

NOTE 24 FAIR VALUES

The Company established a hierarchal disclosure framework associated with the level of pricing observability utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels defined by this hierarchy are:

Level 1: Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

Level 2: Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities include items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently, and items that are valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.

Level 3: Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy are as follows:

Investment Securities Available for Sale - Investment securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices. The Company’s available for sale securities, totaling $96.4 million and $96.0 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are the only assets whose fair values are measured on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs from an independent pricing service.

Collateral Dependent Loans with an ACL - In accordance with ASC 326, we may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate it from other loans within our loan pools. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the collective evaluation. Specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses are determined by analyzing the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower's industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. We reevaluate the fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans on a quarterly basis. The fair value of real estate collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated by appraisal services using a methodology that is consistent with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice.

Other Real Estate Owned – Other real estate owned is adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans, or former bank premises, to other real estate owned. These assets are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon observable market prices, when available, reduced by estimated disposition costs, which the Company considers to be nonrecurring Level 2 inputs. When observable market prices are not available, management determines the fair value of the foreclosed asset using independent third-party appraisals, evaluated to determine whether or not the property is further impaired below the appraised value, and adjusts for estimated costs of disposition. The Company records foreclosed assets as nonrecurring Level 3. The aggregate carrying amounts of foreclosed assets were approximately $89,000 and $87,000 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are as follows as of December 31, 2025:

Not included in the above table is a residential 1-4 family mortgage loan totaling approximately $39,000 that has a specific allowance for credit loss allocation of 100% due to the destruction of the collateral.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are as follows as of December 31, 2024:

For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments that are not required to be measured or reported at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions can significantly affect the estimates.

Estimated fair values have been determined by the Company using historical data, as generally provided in the Company’s regulatory reports, and an estimation methodology suitable for each category of financial instruments. The Company’s fair value estimates, methods and assumptions are set forth below for the Company’s other financial instruments.

The carrying value of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits with other banks, deposits with no stated maturities and accrued interest approximates fair value and is excluded from the table above.

The methods utilized to measure the fair value of financial instruments represent an approximation of exit price; however, an actual exit price may differ.

NOTE 25 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

All of our revenue from contracts with customers as defined in ASC 606 is recognized within noninterest income. The following table presents Noninterest Income by revenue stream for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Certain revenues are earned from contracts with customers. These revenues are recognized when the promised services are rendered to the customer and reflect the entitled consideration received in exchange for those services.

Service charges and fees – Revenue is recognized on deposit services based on published fees for the services provided. These fees may be collected on a transaction basis, at the time the service is rendered or periodically based on the period over which the service is provided. Transaction-based fees include services such as stop payment requests, paper statement rendering and ATM usage fees. Periodic fees include such charges as monthly account maintenance fees. Overdraft fees are realized at the time the overdraft occurs.

Card processing and interchange fees – Card-related interchange revenue is primarily comprised of debit and credit card income. Debit and credit card income is earned when customers’ debit or credit cards are processed through a card payment network. Card-related interchange income is recognized at the time the customer transactions settle.

Insurance and investment fees - Insurance and investment fee income consists of commissions received on annuity and investment product sales through a third-party service provider. Performance is generally satisfied at the time an annuity policy is issued, or at the execution of an investment transaction.

NOTE 26 NONINTEREST EXPENSES

Other operating expenses, included as part of noninterest expenses, consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

NOTE 27 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date.

Management has reviewed events occurring through the date the financial statements were available to be issued and has identified the following as a non-recognized subsequent event.

On February 23, 2026, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.09 per share payable March 31, 2026 to shareholders of record as of March 16, 2026.

On March 16, 2026, the Board of Directors authorized the continuation ofthe Company’s repurchase of up to 500,000 shares of its common stock through March 31, 2027. This is a continuation of the repurchase program originally announced April 28, 2022, which was set to expire March 31, 2025 and subsequently extended to March 31, 2026. To the date of this announced continuation, 361,600 shares have been repurchased at an average price of $2.56 per share, leaving 138,400 shares available for repurchase. Repurchases made through this program will be made through open market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions.

NOTE 28 PARENT CORPORATION ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Dollars in Thousands)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS