Corebridge Financial Inc

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADOPTED DURING 2024

Changes to GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates (“ASU”) to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs.

Fair Value Measurement

On June 30, 2022, the FASB issued an ASU to address diversity in practice by clarifying that a contractual sale restriction should not be considered in the measurement of the fair value of an equity security. It also requires entities with investments in equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions to disclose certain qualitative and quantitative information about such securities. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2024, prospectively for entities other than investment companies. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to address improvements to reportable segment disclosures. The standard primarily requires the following disclosure on an annual and interim basis: i) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, and ii) other segment items and description of its composition. The standard also requires current annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profits or losses and assets to be disclosed in interim periods and the title and position of the CODM with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profits or losses in assessing segment performance. The Company adopted the standard effective for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024. The ASU is applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented.

FUTURE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Income Taxes

In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to address improvements to income tax disclosures. The standard requires disaggregated information about a company’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The standard will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. We are assessing the impact of this standard.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the disclosures about a company’s business expenses. The standard requires disclosure about specific types of expenses, such as depreciation, intangible asset amortization and employee compensation, included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The standard is allowed to be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. We are assessing the impact of this standard.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 161

3. Segment Information

We report our results of operations consistent with the manner in which our Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews the business to assess performance and allocate resources.

We report our results of operations asfive reportable segments:

•Individual Retirement– consists of fixed annuities, fixed index annuities, registered index linked annuities and variable annuities.

•Group Retirement – consists of recordkeeping, plan administrative and compliance services, financial planning and advisory solutions offered in-plan, along with proprietary and limited non-proprietary annuities, advisory and brokerage products offered out-of-plan.

•Life Insurance – consists of term and universal life insurance products in the United States. The International Life business issued individual and group life insurance in the United Kingdom and distributed private medical insurance in Ireland. On October 31, 2023 Corebridge completed the sale of Laya and on April 8, 2024 completed the sale of AIG Life U.K.

•Institutional Markets – consists of stable value wrap (“SVW”) products, structured settlement and pension risk transfer (“PRT”) annuities, guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”) and Corporate Markets products that include corporate- and bank-owned life insurance (“COLI-BOLI”), private placement variable universal life and private placement variable annuity products.

•Corporate and Other – consists primarily of:

–corporate expenses not attributable to our other segments;

–interest expense on financial debt;

–results of our consolidated investment entities;

–institutional asset management business, which includes managing assets for non-consolidated affiliates; and

–results of our legacy insurance lines ceded to Fortitude Re.

The chief operating decision maker assesses segment performance and allocates capital and resources to the segments based on an evaluation of each segments’ adjusted revenues and adjusted pre-tax operating income (loss) (“APTOI”). Adjusted revenues are derived by excluding certain items from total revenues. APTOI is derived by excluding certain items from income from operations before income tax. These items generally fall into one or more of the following broad categories: legacy matters having no relevance to our current businesses or operating performance; adjustments to enhance transparency to the underlying economics of transactions; and adjustments that we believe to be common to the industry. Legal entities are attributed to each segment based upon the predominance of activity in that legal entity.

APTOI excludes the impact of the following items:

Fortitude Re related adjustments:

The modified coinsurance (“modco”) reinsurance agreements with Fortitude Re transfer the economics of the invested assets supporting the reinsurance agreements to Fortitude Re. Accordingly, the net investment income on Fortitude Re funds withheld assets and the net realized gains (losses) on Fortitude Re funds withheld assets are excluded from APTOI. Similarly, changes in the Fortitude Re funds withheld embedded derivative are also excluded from APTOI.

The ongoing results associated with the reinsurance agreement with Fortitude Re have been excluded from APTOI as these are not indicative of our ongoing business operations.

Investment-related adjustments:

APTOI excludes “Net realized gains (losses)”, except for gains (losses) related to the disposition of real estate investments. Net realized gains (losses), except for gains (losses) related to the disposition of real estate investments, are excluded as the timing of sales on invested assets or changes in allowances depend largely on market credit cycles and can vary considerably across periods. In addition, changes in interest rates may create opportunistic scenarios to buy or sell invested assets. Our derivative results, including those used to economically hedge insurance liabilities, or those recognized as embedded derivatives at fair value, are also included in Net realized gains (losses) and are similarly excluded from APTOI except earned income (periodic settlements and changes in settlement accruals) on derivative instruments used for non-qualifying (economic) hedges or for asset replication. Earned income on such economic hedges is reclassified from Net realized gains and losses to specific APTOI line items based on the economic risk being hedged (e.g., Net investment income and Interest credited to policyholder account balances).

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 162

Market Risk Benefits adjustments:

Certain of our variable annuity, fixed annuity and fixed index annuity contracts contain guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWBs”) and/or guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDBs”) which are accounted for as MRBs. Changes in the fair value of these MRBs (excluding changes related to our own credit risk), including certain rider fees attributed to the MRBs, along with changes in the fair value of derivatives used to hedge MRBs are recorded through “Change in the fair value of MRBs, net” and are excluded from APTOI.

Changes in the fair value of securities used to economically hedge MRBs are excluded from APTOI.

Other adjustments:

Other adjustments represent all other adjustments that are excluded from APTOI and includes the net pre-tax operating income (losses) from noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment entities. The excluded adjustments include, as applicable:

•restructuring and other costs related to initiatives designed to reduce operating expenses, improve efficiency and simplify our organization;

•non-recurring costs associated with the implementation of non-ordinary course legal or regulatory changes or changes to accounting principles;

•separation costs;

•non-operating litigation reserves and settlements;

•loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, if any;

•losses from the impairment of goodwill, if any; and

•income and loss from divested or run-off business, if any.

The following table presents Corebridge’s operations by segment:

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 163

(a)Adjustments include Fortitude Re activity of $604 million, $(590) million and $6,841 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(b)Net realized gains (losses) includes the gains (losses) related to the disposition of real estate investments.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 164

Corebridge does not report total assets by segment, as we do not use this metric to allocate resources or evaluate segment performance.

The following table presents Corebridge’s consolidated total revenues by major geographic area:

• Revenues are generally reported according to the geographic location of the legal entity. International revenues consisted of revenues from Laya and AIG Life U.K. On October 31, 2023 Corebridge completed the sale of Laya and on April 8, 2024 completed the sale of AIG Life U.K.

4. Fair Value Measurements

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS ON A RECURRING BASIS

We carry certain of our financial instruments at fair value. We define the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We are responsible for the determination of the value of the investments carried at fair value and the supporting methodologies and assumptions.

The degree of judgment used in measuring the fair value of financial instruments generally inversely correlates with the level of observable valuation inputs. We maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment is used in measuring fair value. Conversely, financial instruments for which no quoted prices are available have less observability and are measured at fair value using valuation models or other pricing techniques that require more judgment. Pricing observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new to the market and not yet established, the characteristics specific to the transaction, liquidity and general market conditions.

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are measured and classified in accordance with a fair value hierarchy consisting of three “levels” based on the observability of valuation inputs:

•Level 1: Fair value measurements based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. We do not adjust the quoted price for such instruments.

•Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

•Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair values of positions classified in Level 3. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Therefore, we must make certain assumptions about the inputs a hypothetical market participant would use to value that asset or liability.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 165

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments carried at fair value. These methodologies are applied to assets and liabilities across the levels discussed above, and it is the observability of the inputs used that determines the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy for the respective asset or liability.

VALUATION METHODOLOGIES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

Incorporation of credit risk in fair value measurements

•Our own credit risk: Fair value measurements for certain liabilities incorporate our own credit risk by determining the explicit cost for each counterparty to protect against its net credit exposure to us at the balance sheet date by reference to observable Corebridge credit default swaps (“CDS”) or cash bond spreads. We calculate the effect of credit spread changes using discounted cash flow techniques that incorporate current market interest rates. A derivative counterparty’s net credit exposure to us is determined based on master netting agreements, when applicable, which take into consideration all derivative positions with us, as well as collateral we post with the counterparty at the balance sheet date. We also incorporate our own risk of non-performance in the valuation of market risk benefits associated with variable annuity, fixed annuity, fixed index annuity and registered index linked annuity contracts and embedded derivatives associated with fixed index annuity, registered index linked annuity contracts and life contracts. The non-performance risk adjustment (“NPA”) reflects a market participant’s view of our claims-paying ability by incorporating an additional spread to the swap curve used to discount projected benefit cash flows in the valuation of market risk benefits and embedded derivatives. The non-performance risk adjustment is calculated by constructing forward rates based on a weighted average of observable corporate credit indices to approximate the claims-paying ability rating of our insurance operations companies.

•Counterparty credit risk: Fair value measurements for freestanding derivatives incorporate counterparty credit by determining the explicit cost for us to protect against our net credit exposure to each counterparty at the balance sheet date by reference to observable counterparty CDS spreads, when available. When not available, other directly or indirectly observable credit spreads will be used to derive the best estimates of the counterparty spreads. Our net credit exposure to a counterparty is determined based on master netting agreements, which take into consideration all derivative positions with the counterparty, as well as collateral posted by the counterparty at the balance sheet date.

Fair values for fixed maturity securities based on observable market prices for identical or similar instruments implicitly incorporate counterparty credit risk. Fair values for fixed maturity securities based on internal models incorporate counterparty credit risk by using discount rates that take into consideration cash issuance spreads for similar instruments or other observable information.

For fair values measured based on internal models, the cost of credit protection is determined under a discounted present value approach considering the market levels for single name CDS spreads for each specific counterparty, the mid-market value of the net exposure (reflecting the amount of protection required) and the weighted average life of the net exposure. CDS spreads are provided to us by an independent third party. We utilize an interest rate based on the appropriate benchmark curve to derive our discount rates.

While this approach does not explicitly consider all potential future behavior of the derivative transactions or potential future changes in valuation inputs, we believe this approach provides a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the assets and liabilities, including consideration of the impact of non-performance risk.

Fixed maturity securities

Whenever available, we obtain quoted prices in active markets for identical assets at the balance sheet date to measure fixed maturity securities at fair value. Market price data is generally obtained from dealer markets.

We employ independent third-party valuation service providers to gather, analyze, and interpret market information to derive fair value estimates for individual investments, based upon market-accepted methodologies and assumptions. The methodologies used by these independent third-party valuation service providers are reviewed and understood by management, through periodic discussion with and information provided by the independent third-party valuation service providers. In addition, as discussed further below, control processes are applied to the fair values received from independent third-party valuation service providers to ensure the accuracy of these values.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 166

Valuation service providers typically obtain data about market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources and, through the use of market-accepted valuation methodologies, which may utilize matrix pricing, financial models, accompanying model inputs and various assumptions, provide a single fair value measurement for individual securities. The inputs used by the valuation service providers include, but are not limited to, market prices from completed transactions for identical securities and transactions for comparable securities, benchmark yields, interest rate yield curves, credit spreads, prepayment rates, default rates, recovery assumptions, currency rates, quoted prices for similar securities and other market-observable information, as applicable. If fair value is determined using financial models, these models generally take into account, among other things, market observable information as of the measurement date as well as the specific attributes of the security being valued, including its term, interest rate, credit rating, industry sector, and when applicable, collateral quality and other security or issuer-specific information. When market transactions or other market observable data is limited, the extent to which judgment is applied in determining fair value is greatly increased.

We have control processes designed to ensure that the fair values received from independent third-party valuation service providers are accurately recorded, that their data inputs and valuation techniques are appropriate and consistently applied and that the assumptions used appear reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value. We assess the reasonableness of individual security values received from independent third-party valuation service providers through various analytical techniques and have procedures to escalate related questions internally and to the independent third-party valuation service providers for resolution. To assess the degree of pricing consensus among various valuation service providers for specific asset types, we conduct comparisons of prices received from available sources. We use these comparisons to establish a hierarchy for the fair values received from independent third-party valuation service providers to be used for particular security classes. We also validate prices for selected securities through reviews by members of management who have relevant expertise and who are independent of those charged with executing investing transactions.

When our independent third-party valuation service providers are unable to obtain sufficient market observable information upon which to estimate the fair value for a particular security, fair value is determined either by requesting brokers who are knowledgeable about these securities to provide a price quote, which is generally non-binding, or by employing market accepted valuation models internally or via our third party asset managers. Broker prices may be based on an income approach, which converts expected future cash flows to a single present value amount, with specific consideration of inputs relevant to particular security types. For structured securities, such inputs may include ratings, collateral types, geographic concentrations, underlying loan vintages, loan delinquencies and defaults, loss severity assumptions, prepayments, and weighted average coupons and maturities. When the volume or level of market activity for a security is limited, certain inputs used to determine fair value may not be observable in the market. Broker prices may also be based on a market approach that considers recent transactions involving identical or similar securities. Fair values provided by brokers are subject to similar control processes to those noted above for fair values from independent third-party valuation service providers, including management reviews. For those corporate debt instruments (for example, private placements) that are not traded in active markets or that are subject to transfer restrictions, valuations reflect illiquidity and non-transferability, based on available market evidence. When observable price quotations are not available, fair value is determined based on discounted cash flow models using discount rates based on credit spreads, yields or price levels of comparable securities, adjusted for illiquidity and structure. Fair values determined internally or via our third party asset managers are also subject to management review to ensure that valuation models and related inputs are reasonable.

The methodology above is relevant for all fixed maturity securities including residential mortgage backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), other asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and fixed maturity securities issued by government sponsored entities and corporate entities.

Equity securities traded in active markets

Whenever available, we obtain quoted prices in active markets for identical assets at the balance sheet date to measure equity securities. at fair value. Market price data is generally obtained from exchange or dealer markets.

Mortgage and other loans receivable

We estimate the fair value of mortgage and other loans receivable that are measured at fair value by using dealer quotations, discounted cash flow analyses and/or internal valuation models. The determination of fair value considers inputs such as interest rate, maturity, the borrower’s creditworthiness, collateral, subordination, guarantees, past-due status, yield curves, credit curves, prepayment rates, market pricing for comparable loans and other relevant factors.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 167

Other invested assets

We initially estimate the fair value of investments in certain hedge funds, private equity funds and other investment partnerships by reference to the transaction price. Subsequently, we generally obtain the fair value of these investments from net asset value information provided by the general partner or manager of the investments, the financial statements of which are generally audited annually. We consider observable market data and perform certain control procedures to validate the appropriateness of using the net asset value as a fair value measurement. The fair values of other investments carried at fair value, such as direct private equity holdings, are initially determined based on transaction price and are subsequently estimated based on available evidence such as market transactions in similar instruments, other financing transactions of the issuer and other available financial information for the issuer, with adjustments made to reflect illiquidity as appropriate.

Short-term investments

For short-term investments that are measured at amortized cost, the carrying amounts of these assets approximate fair values because of the relatively short period of time between origination and expected realization, and their limited exposure to credit risk. Securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements) are generally treated as collateralized receivables. We report certain receivables arising from securities purchased under agreements to resell as Short-term investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When these receivables are measured at fair value, we use market-observable interest rates to determine fair value.

Separate account assets

Separate account assets are composed primarily of registered and unregistered open-end mutual funds that generally trade daily and are measured at fair value in the manner discussed above for equity securities traded in active markets.

Freestanding derivatives

Derivative assets and liabilities can be exchange-traded or traded over-the-counter (“OTC”). We generally value exchange-traded derivatives such as futures and options using quoted prices in active markets for identical derivatives at the balance sheet date. We use these OTC derivatives as part of fair value hedges.

OTC derivatives are valued using market transactions and other market evidence whenever possible, including market-based inputs to models, model calibration to market clearing transactions, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. When models are used, the selection of a particular model to value an OTC derivative depends on the contractual terms of, and specific risks inherent in the instrument, as well as the availability of pricing information in the market. We generally use similar models to value similar instruments. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices and rates, yield curves, credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates and correlations of such inputs. For OTC derivatives that trade in liquid markets, such as generic forwards, swaps and options, model inputs can generally be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means, and model selection does not involve significant management judgment.

For certain OTC derivatives that trade in less liquid markets, where we generally do not have corroborating market evidence to support significant model inputs and cannot verify the model to market transactions, the transaction price may provide the best estimate of fair value. Accordingly, when a pricing model is used to value such an instrument, the model is adjusted so the model value at inception equals the transaction price. We will update valuation inputs in these models only when corroborated by evidence such as similar market transactions, independent third-party valuation service providers and/or broker or dealer quotations, or other empirical market data. When appropriate, valuations are adjusted for various factors such as liquidity, bid/offer spreads and credit considerations. Such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence. In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used.

Market risk benefits and Embedded derivatives within Policyholder contract deposits

Certain variable annuity, fixed annuity, fixed index annuity and registered index linked annuity contracts contain MRBs related to guaranteed benefit features that we separate from the host contracts and account for at fair value, with certain changes recognized in earnings. MRBs are contracts or contract features that provide protection to policyholders from other-than-nominal capital market risks and expose the insurance entity to other-than-nominal capital market risks.

The fair value of MRBs contained in certain variable annuity, fixed annuity and fixed index annuity contracts is measured based on policyholder behavior and capital market assumptions related to projected cash flows over the expected lives of the contracts. These discounted cash flow projections primarily include benefits and related fees assessed, when applicable. In some instances, the projected cash flows from fees may exceed projected cash flows related to benefit payments and therefore, at a point in time, the carrying value of the MRBs may be in a net asset position. The projected cash flows incorporate best estimate assumptions for policyholder behavior (including mortality, lapses, withdrawals and benefit utilization), along with an explicit risk margin to reflect a market participant’s estimates of the fair value of projected cash flows and policyholder behavior. Estimates of future policyholder behavior assumptions are subjective and are based primarily on our historical experience.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 168

Because of the dynamic and complex nature of the projected cash flows with respect to MRBs in our variable annuity, fixed annuity and fixed index annuity contracts, risk neutral valuations are used, which are calibrated to observable interest rate and equity option prices. Estimating the underlying cash flows for these products involves judgments regarding the capital market assumptions related to expected market rates of return, market volatility, credit spreads, correlations of certain market variables, fund performance and discount rates. Additionally, estimating the underlying cash flows for these products also involves judgments regarding policyholder behavior. The portion of fees attributable to the fair value of expected benefit payments is included within the fair value measurement of these MRBs, and related fees are classified in change in the fair value of MRBs, net, as earned, consistent with other changes in the fair value of these MRBs. Any portion of the fees not attributed to the MRBs is excluded from the fair value measurement and classified in policy fees as earned.

Option pricing models are used to estimate the fair value of embedded derivatives in our fixed index annuity, registered index linked annuity contracts and life contracts, taking into account the capital market assumptions for future index growth rates, volatility of the index, future interest rates, and our ability to adjust the participation rate and the cap on fixed index credited rates in light of market conditions and policyholder behavior assumptions.

Projected cash flows are discounted using the interest rate swap curve (“swap curve”), which is viewed as being consistent with the credit spreads for highly-rated financial institutions (S&P AA-rated or above). A swap curve shows the fixed-rate leg of a non-complex swap against the floating rate (for example, Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) leg of a related tenor. We also incorporate our own risk of non-performance in the valuation of MRBs and embedded derivatives associated with variable annuity, fixed annuity, fixed index annuity and registered index linked annuity contracts and life contracts. The NPA reflects a market participant’s view of our claims-paying ability by incorporating an additional spread to the swap curve used to discount projected benefit cash flows. The NPA is calculated by constructing forward rates based on a weighted average of observable corporate credit indices to approximate the claims-paying ability rating of our insurance companies. The corporate credit indices are observable for the first 30 years. For years 30 to 50, the yield is derived using market observable yields. Yields for years 50 to 100 are extrapolated using a flat forward approach, maintaining a constant forward spread through the period. MRBs are measured using a NPA that is a locked-in estimate of our claims-paying ability at policy issue (“locked-in NPA”) as well as a NPA that reflects an estimate of our current claims-paying ability (“current NPA”).

When MRBs are remeasured each period, both the interest rates and current NPA are updated. Changes in the swap curve and the time value accretion of the at-issue NPA are recorded to net income while the difference between the MRBs measured using the at-issue NPA and the current NPA is recorded to OCI. For embedded derivatives, changes in the interest rates and the period-over-period change in the NPA are recorded to net income.

Policyholder contract deposits at fair value option

We have elected fair value option on certain GICs recorded using discounted cash flow calculations based on interest rates currently being offered for similar contracts and our current market observable implicit credit spread rates with maturities consistent with those remaining for the contracts being valued. Obligations may be called at various times prior to maturity at the option of the counterparty. Interest rates on these borrowings are primarily fixed, vary by maturity and range up to 5.04%.

Fortitude Re funds withheld payable

The reinsurance transactions with Fortitude Re were structured as modco arrangements. Corebridge has established a funds withheld payable to Fortitude Re while simultaneously establishing a reinsurance asset representing liabilities for the insurance coverage that Fortitude Re has assumed. The funds withheld payable contains an embedded derivative. Changes in fair value of the embedded derivative related to the funds withheld payable are recognized in earnings through realized gains (losses). This embedded derivative is considered a total return swap with contractual returns that are attributable to various assets and liabilities associated with these reinsurance agreements. The fair value of the underlying assets is generally based on market observable inputs using industry standard valuation techniques. The valuation also requires certain significant inputs, which are generally not observable and accordingly, the valuation is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Debt of consolidated investment entities

The fair value of debt of consolidated investment entities was determined using independent third-party valuation service providers that gather, analyze, and interpret market information to derive fair value estimates for individual securities, based upon market-accepted methodologies and assumptions. Previously, there were six consolidated investment entities which securitized portfolios of certain debt securities previously owned by Corebridge and its affiliates. These were valued using a discounted cash flow model. The discount rate considered current market spreads for U.S. Collateralized Loan Obligations, as well as our own considerations including duration, credit risk, and liquidity.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 169

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS

The following table presents information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 170

(a)Represents netting of derivative exposures covered by qualifying master netting agreements.

(b)Includes investments in residential-backed mortgage securities (“RMBS”) issued by related parties of $36 million and $7 million classified as Level 2 and Level 3, respectively, as of December 31, 2023.

(c)Includes less than $1 million of investments in RMBS issued by related parties classified as Level 2 as of December 31, 2023.

(d)Excludes investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent), which totaled $6.1 billion and $5.8 billion as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(e)Excludes basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

(f)As discussed in Note 7, the Fortitude Re funds withheld payable is created through modco and funds withheld reinsurance arrangements where the investments supporting the reinsurance agreements are withheld by and continue to reside on Corebridge’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. This embedded derivative is valued as a total return swap with reference to the fair value of the invested assets held by Corebridge, which are primarily available-for-sale securities.

(g)Excludes assets that were reclassified to Assets held-for-sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets of $167 million, as of December 31, 2023.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 171

CHANGES IN LEVEL 3 RECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following tables present changes during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and the realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to the Level 3 assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 172

(a)Excludes MRB assets of $1.3 billion at December 31, 2024 and $912 million at December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 14 for additional information.

(b)Total Level 3 derivative exposures have been netted in these tables for presentation purposes only.

(c)Excludes MRB liabilities of $5.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and $5.7 billion at December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 14 for additional information.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 173

Change in the fair value of market risk benefits, net and net realized and unrealized gains and losses included in income related to Level 3 assets and liabilities shown above are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as follows:

(a)The portion of the fair value change attributable to our own credit risk is recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).

(b)Primarily embedded derivatives.

(c)Market risk benefit assets and liabilities have been netted in these tables for presentation purposes only.

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The following table presents the gross components of purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net, shown above, for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 related to Level 3 assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

*There were no issuances during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 for invested assets.

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Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair values of positions classified in Level 3 in the tables above. As a result, the unrealized gains (losses) on instruments held at December 31, 2024 and 2023 may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable inputs (e.g., changes in unobservable long-dated volatilities).

Transfers of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

We record transfers of assets and liabilities into or out of Level 3 at their fair values as of the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. The Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) or OCI as shown in the table above excludes$(17) million and $23 million of net gains (losses) related to assets transferred into Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and includes $31 million and $(10) million of net gains (losses) related to assets transferred out of Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Transfers of Level 3 Assets

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, transfers into Level 3 assets primarily included certain investments in private placement corporate debt, CMBS, CLO and ABS. Transfers of private placement corporate debt and certain ABS into Level 3 assets were primarily the result of limited market pricing information that required us to determine fair value for these securities based on inputs that are adjusted to better reflect our own assumptions regarding the characteristics of a specific security or associated market liquidity. The transfers of investments in CMBS, CLO and certain ABS into Level 3 assets were due to diminished market transparency and liquidity for individual security types.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, transfers out of Level 3 assets primarily included private placement and other corporate debt, CMBS, RMBS, CLO, ABS and certain investments in municipal securities. Transfers of certain investments in municipal securities, corporate debt, RMBS, CMBS and CLO and ABS out of Level 3 assets were based on consideration of market liquidity as well as related transparency of pricing and associated observable inputs for these investments. Transfers of certain investments in private placement corporate debt and certain ABS out of Level 3 assets were primarily the result of using observable pricing information that reflects the fair value of those securities without the need for adjustment based on our own assumptions regarding the characteristics of a specific security or the current liquidity in the market.

Transfers of Level 3 Liabilities

There were no significant transfers of derivative or other liabilities into or out of Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION ABOUT LEVEL 3 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The table below presents information about the significant unobservable inputs used for recurring fair value measurements for certain Level 3 instruments, and includes only those instruments for which information about the inputs is reasonably available to us, such as data from independent third-party valuation service providers and from internal valuation models. Because input information from third parties with respect to certain Level 3 instruments (primarily CLO/ABS) may not be reasonably available to us, balances shown below may not equal total amounts reported for such Level 3 assets and liabilities:

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 176

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 177

(a)Represents discount rates, estimates and assumptions that we believe would be used by market participants when valuing these assets and liabilities.

(b)The weighted averaging for fixed maturity securities is based on the estimated fair value of the securities. Because the valuation methodology for embedded derivatives within policyholder contract deposits and MRBs uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, management believes that presenting a range, rather than weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.

(c)Information received from third-party valuation service providers. The ranges of the unobservable inputs for constant prepayment rate, loss severity and constant default rate relate to each of the individual underlying mortgage loans that comprise the entire portfolio of securities in the RMBS and CLO securitization vehicles and not necessarily to the securitization vehicle bonds (tranches) purchased by us. The ranges of these inputs do not directly correlate to changes in the fair values of the tranches purchased by us because there are other factors relevant to the fair values of specific tranches owned by us, including, but not limited to, purchase price, position in the waterfall, senior versus subordinated position and attachment points.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 178

(d)The Fortitude Re funds withheld payable has been excluded from the above table. As discussed in Note 7, the Fortitude Re funds withheld payable is created through modco and funds withheld reinsurance arrangements where the investments supporting the reinsurance agreements are withheld by and continue to reside on Corebridge’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. This embedded derivative is valued as a total return swap with reference to the fair value of the invested assets held by Corebridge. Accordingly, the unobservable inputs utilized in the valuation of the embedded derivative are a component of the invested assets supporting the reinsurance agreements that are held on Corebridge’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(e)The ranges for these inputs vary due to the different GMWB product specification and policyholder characteristics across in-force policies. Policyholder characteristics that affect these ranges include age, policy duration, and gender.

(f)Mortality inputs are shown as multipliers of the 2012 Individual Annuity Mortality Basic table.

(g)The partial withdrawal utilization unobservable input range shown applies only to policies with GMWB riders.

(h)The NPA applied as a spread over risk-free curve for discounting.

(i)The fixed index annuities embedded derivative associated with index credits related to the contracts with guaranteed product features included in policyholder contract deposits was $1.8 billion and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The ranges of reported inputs for obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions, corporate debt, RMBS, CLO/ABS and CMBS valued using a discounted cash flow technique consist of one standard deviation in either direction from the value-weighted average. The preceding table does not give effect to our risk management practices that might offset risks inherent in these Level 3 assets and liabilities.

Interrelationships Between Unobservable Inputs

We consider unobservable inputs to be those for which market data is not available and that are developed using the best information available to us about the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Relevant inputs vary depending on the nature of the instrument being measured at fair value. The following paragraphs provide a general description of significant unobservable inputs along with interrelationships between and among the significant unobservable inputs and their impact on the fair value measurements. In practice, simultaneous changes in assumptions may not always have a linear effect on the inputs discussed below. Interrelationships may also exist between observable and unobservable inputs. Such relationships have not been included in the discussion below. For each of the individual relationships described below, the inverse relationship would also generally apply.

Fixed Maturity Securities

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of fixed maturity securities is yield. The yield is affected by the market movements in credit spreads and U.S. Treasury yields. The yield may be affected by other factors, including constant prepayment rates, loss severity and constant default rates. In general, increases in the yield would decrease the fair value of investments, and conversely, decreases in the yield would increase the fair value of investments.

MRBs and Embedded Derivatives within Policyholder Contract Deposits

For MRBs and embedded derivatives, the assumptions for unobservable inputs vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for valuation purposes. The following are applicable unobservable inputs:

•Long-term equity volatilities represent equity volatility beyond the period for which observable equity volatilities are available. Increases in assumed volatility will generally increase the fair value of both the projected cash flows from rider fees as well as the projected cash flows related to benefit payments. Therefore, the net change in the fair value of the liability may be either a decrease or an increase, depending on the relative changes in projected rider fees and projected benefit payments.

•Equity and interest rate correlation estimates the relationship between changes in equity returns and interest rates in the economic scenario generator used to value our MRBs. In general, a higher positive correlation assumes that equity markets and interest rates move in a more correlated fashion, which generally increases the fair value of the liability. Only our fixed index annuities with a GMWB rider are subject to the equity and interest correlation assumption. Other policies such as accumulation fixed index annuity and life products do not use a correlation assumption.

•Base lapse rate assumptions are determined by company experience and judgment and are adjusted at the contract level using a dynamic lapse function, which reduces the base lapse rate when the contract is in-the-money (when the contract holder’s guaranteed value, as estimated by the company, is worth more than their underlying account value). Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. Increases in assumed lapse rates will generally decrease the fair value of the liability as fewer policyholders would persist to collect guaranteed benefit amounts.

•Mortality rate assumptions, which vary by age and gender, are based on company experience and include a mortality improvement assumption. Increases in assumed mortality rates will decrease the fair value of the GMWB liability, while lower mortality rate assumptions will generally increase the fair value of the liability because guaranteed withdrawal payments will be made for a longer period of time and generally exceed any decrease in guaranteed death benefits.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 179

•Utilization assumptions estimate the timing when policyholders with a GMWB will elect to utilize their benefit and begin taking withdrawals. The assumptions may vary by the type of guarantee, tax-qualified status, the contract’s withdrawal history and the age of the policyholder. Utilization assumptions are based on company experience, which includes partial withdrawal behavior. Increases in assumed utilization rates will generally increase the fair value of the liability.

•Non-performance or “own credit” risk adjustment used in the valuation of MRBs and embedded derivatives, which reflects a market participant’s view of our claims-paying ability by incorporating a different spread (the “NPA spread”) to the curve used to discount projected benefit cash flows. When corporate credit spreads widen, the change in the NPA spread generally reduces the fair value of the MRBs and embedded derivatives, resulting in a gain in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) or Net realized gains (losses), respectively, and when corporate credit spreads narrow or tighten, the change in the NPA spread generally increases the fair value of the MRBs and embedded derivatives, resulting in a loss in AOCI or Net realized gains (losses), respectively.

•The projected cash flows incorporate best estimate assumptions for policyholder behavior (including mortality, lapses, withdrawals and benefit utilization), along with an explicit risk margin to reflect a market participant’s estimates of the fair value of projected cash flows and policyholder behavior. Estimates of future policyholder behavior assumptions are subjective and based primarily on our historical experience.

•For embedded derivatives, option budgets estimate the expected long-term cost of options used to hedge exposures associated with index price changes. The level of option budgets determines future costs of the options, which impacts the growth in account value and the valuation of embedded derivatives.

Embedded Derivatives within Reinsurance Contracts

The fair value of embedded derivatives associated with funds withheld reinsurance contracts is determined based upon a total return swap technique with reference to the fair value of the investments held by Corebridge related to Corebridge’s funds withheld payable. The fair value of the underlying assets is generally based on market observable inputs using industry standard valuation techniques. The valuation also requires certain significant inputs, which are generally not observable, and accordingly, the valuation is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 180

INVESTMENTS IN CERTAIN ENTITIES CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE USING NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE

The following table includes information related to our investments in certain other invested assets, including private equity funds, hedge funds and other alternative investments that calculate net asset value per share (or its equivalent). For these investments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we use the net asset value per share to measure fair value:

Private equity fund investments included above are not redeemable, because distributions from the funds will be received when underlying investments of the funds are liquidated. Private equity funds are generally expected to have 10-year lives at their inception, but these lives may be extended at the fund manager’s discretion, typically inone-year ortwo-year increments.

The majority of our hedge fund investments are redeemable upon a single month or quarter’s notice, though redemption terms vary from single, immediate withdrawals, to withdrawals staggered up to eight quarters. Some of the portfolio consists of illiquid run-off or “side-pocket” positions whose liquidation horizons are uncertain and likely beyond a year after submission of the redemption notice.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 181

FAIR VALUE OPTION

Under the fair value option, we may elect to measure at fair value financial assets and financial liabilities that are not otherwise required to be carried at fair value. This includes fixed income securities subject to modco agreements with Fortitude Re for which we have elected the fair value option. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are reported in earnings. We elect the fair value option for certain hybrid securities given the complexity of bifurcating the economic components associated with the embedded derivatives.

For additional information about how we test various asset classes for impairment see Note 5 and 6.

Additionally, we elect the fair value option for certain alternative investments when such investments are eligible for this election. We believe this measurement basis is consistent with the applicable accounting guidance used by the respective investment company funds themselves.

For additional information on securities and other invested assets for which we have elected the fair value option refer to Note 5.

The following table presents the gains or losses recorded related to the eligible instruments for which we elected the fair value options:

(a)Includes certain securities supporting the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re. For additional information regarding the gains and losses for Other bond securities, see Note 5. For additional information regarding the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re, see Note 7.

(b)Includes certain hedge funds, private equity funds and other investment partnerships.

(c)Represents GICs.

Interest income and dividend income on assets measured under the fair value option are recognized and included in Net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

For additional information about our policies for recognition, measurement, and disclosure of interest and dividend income see Note 5.

We are required to record unrealized gains and losses attributable to the observable effect of changes in credit spreads on our liabilities for which the fair value option was elected in Other comprehensive income (loss). We calculate the effect of these credit spread changes using discounted cash flow techniques that incorporate current market interest rates, our observable credit spreads on these liabilities and other factors that mitigate the risk of non-performance such as cash collateral posted.

We calculate the effect of these credit spread changes using discounted cash flow techniques that incorporate current market interest rates, our observable credit spreads on these liabilities and other factors that mitigate the risk of non-performance such as cash collateral posted.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS ON A NON-RECURRING BASIS

We measure the fair value of certain assets on a non-recurring basis, generally quarterly, annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. These assets include cost and equity-method investments, commercial mortgage loans and commercial loans, investments in real estate and other fixed assets, goodwill and other intangible assets.

For additional information about how we test various asset classes for impairment see Notes 5 and 6.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 182

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the time of impairment and the related impairment charges recorded during the periods presented:

FAIR VALUE INFORMATION ABOUT FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

Information regarding the estimation of fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value (excluding insurance contracts and lease contracts) is discussed below:

•Mortgage and other loans receivable: Fair values of loans on commercial real estate and other loans receivable are estimated for disclosure purposes using discounted cash flow calculations based on discount rates that we believe market participants would use in determining the price that they would pay for such assets. For certain loans, our current incremental lending rates for similar types of loans are used as the discount rates, because we believe this rate approximates the rates market participants would use. Fair values of residential mortgage loans are generally determined based on market prices, using market-based adjustments for credit and servicing as appropriate. The fair values of policy loans are generally estimated based on unpaid principal amount as of each reporting date. No consideration is given to credit risk because policy loans are effectively collateralized by the cash surrender value of the policies.

•Other invested assets: Certain of our subsidiaries are members of Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) and such membership requires the members to own stock in these FHLBs. The carrying amounts of these stocks approximate fair values.

•Cash and short-term investments: The carrying amounts of these assets approximate fair values because of the relatively short period of time between origination and expected realization, and their limited exposure to credit risk.

•Policyholder contract deposits associated with investment-type contracts: Fair values for policyholder contract deposits associated with investment-type contracts not accounted for at fair value are estimated using discounted cash flow calculations based on interest rates currently being offered for similar contracts with maturities consistent with those of the contracts being valued. When no similar contracts are being offered, the discount rate is the appropriate swap rate (if available) or current risk-free interest rate consistent with the currency in which the cash flows are denominated. To determine fair value, other factors include current policyholder account values and related surrender charges and other assumptions include expectations about policyholder behavior and an appropriate risk margin.

•Other liabilities: The majority of the Other liabilities that are financial instruments not measured at fair value represent secured financing arrangements, including repurchase agreements. The carrying amounts of these liabilities approximate fair value because the financing arrangements are short-term and are secured by cash or other liquid collateral.

•Fortitude Re funds withheld payable: The funds withheld payable contains an embedded derivative and the changes in its fair value are recognized in earnings each period. The difference between the total Fortitude Re funds withheld payable and the embedded derivative represents the host contract.

•Short-term and long-term debt and debt of consolidated investment entities: Fair values of these obligations were determined by reference to quoted market prices, when available and appropriate, or discounted cash flow calculations based upon our current market observable implicit credit spread rates for similar types of borrowings with maturities consistent with those remaining for the debt being valued.

•Separate account liabilities—Investment Contracts: Only the portion of separate account liabilities related to products that are investment contracts are reflected in the table below. Separate account liabilities are recorded at the amount credited to the contract holder, which reflects the change in fair value of the corresponding separate account assets, including contract holder deposits less withdrawals and fees; therefore, carrying value approximates fair value.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 183

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

(a)Excludes assets that were reclassified to Assets held-for-sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets of $11 million as of December 31, 2023.

(b)Excludes assets that were reclassified to Assets held-for-sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets of $3 million as of December 31, 2023.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 184

5. Investments

FIXED MATURITY SECURITIES

Bonds held to maturity are carried at amortized cost when we have the ability and positive intent to hold these securities until maturity. When we do not have the ability or positive intent to hold bonds until maturity, these securities are classified as available-for-sale or the fair value option has been elected. None of our fixed maturity securities met the criteria for held to maturity classification at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Unrealized gains and losses from available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities carried at fair value are reported as a separate component of AOCI, net of policy related amounts and deferred income taxes, in Shareholders’ equity. Realized and unrealized gains and losses from fixed maturity securities for which the fair value option has been elected are reflected in Net investment income. Investments in fixed maturity securities are generally recorded on a trade-date basis.

Interest income is recognized using the effective yield method and reflects amortization of premium and accretion of discount. Premiums and discounts arising from the purchase of bonds classified as available-for-sale are treated as yield adjustments over their estimated holding periods, until maturity, or call date, if applicable. For investments in certain structured securities, recognized yields are updated based on current information regarding the timing and amount of expected undiscounted future cash flows. For high credit quality structured securities, no assumption is made concerning prepayments. As principal prepayments occur, a portion of the unamortized premium or discount is recorded in net investment income such that the effective yield of a security remains constant throughout the life of the security. For structured securities that are not high credit quality, the structured securities yields are based on expected cash flows which take into account both expected credit losses and prepayments.

An allowance for credit losses is not established upon initial recognition of the asset (unless the security is determined to be a purchased credit deteriorated asset which is discussed in more detail below). Subsequently, differences between actual and expected cash flows and changes in expected cash flows are recognized as adjustments to the allowance for credit losses. Changes that cannot be reflected as adjustments to the allowance for credit losses are accounted for as prospective adjustments to yield.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 185

SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE

The following table presents the amortized cost or cost and fair value of our available-for-sale securities:

(a)The table above includes available-for-sale securities issued by related parties. This includes RMBS which had a fair value of $43 million, and an amortized cost $45 million as of December 31, 2023.

(b)Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded through Net realized gains (losses) and are not recognized in OCI.

(c)At December 31, 2024 includes mark-to-market movement (“MTM”) relating to embedded derivatives.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 186

Securities Available-for-Sale in a Loss Position for Which No Allowance for Credit Loss Has Been Recorded

The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities, aggregated by major investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for which no allowance for credit loss has been recorded:

*At December 31, 2024 includes mark to market movement relating to embedded derivatives.

At December 31, 2024, we held 14,190 individual fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position and for which no allowance for credit losses has been recorded (including 11,054 individual fixed maturity securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more). At December 31, 2023, we held 15,034 individual fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position and for which no allowance for credit losses has been recorded (including 12,787 individual fixed maturity securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more). We did not recognize the unrealized losses in earnings on these fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2024 because it was determined that such losses were due to non-credit factors. Additionally, we neither intend to sell the securities nor do we believe that it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. For fixed maturity securities with significant declines, we performed fundamental credit analyses on a security-by-security basis, which included consideration of credit enhancements, liquidity position, expected defaults, industry and sector analysis, forecasts and available market data.

Contractual Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale by contractual maturity:

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 187

The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales or maturities of our available-for-sale securities:

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale securities sold was $7.9 billion, $7.6 billion, and $10.0 billion respectively, which resulted in Net realized gains (losses) of $(1,194) million, $(351) million, and $(557) million respectively. Included within the Net realized gains (losses) are $(53) million, $(73) million, and $(232) million of realized gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 respectively, which relate to the Fortitude Re funds withheld assets held by Corebridge in support of Fortitude Re’s reinsurance obligations to Corebridge (Fortitude Re funds withheld assets). These realized gains (losses) are included in Net realized gains (losses) on Fortitude Re funds withheld assets.

OTHER SECURITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

The following table presents the fair value of fixed maturity securities measured at fair value, including securities in the modco agreement with Fortitude Re, based on our election of the fair value option and equity securities measured at fair value:

OTHER INVESTED ASSETS

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of other invested assets:

(a)At December 31, 2024, included hedge funds of$210 million and private equity funds of$7.6 billion. At December 31, 2023, included hedge funds of $299 million and private equity funds of $7.4 billion.

(b)Approximately 15% of our hedge fund investments, excluding those in the modco agreement with Fortitude Re, are in liquid funds and have been redeemed, though due to withdrawal terms they will liquidate over the next two quarters. The remaining 85% of the portfolio consists of illiquid run-off or “side-pocket” positions whose liquidation horizons are uncertain and likely to extend beyond a year.

(c)Net of accumulated depreciation of$528 million and $680 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(d)Includes Corebridge’s ownership interest in Fortitude Re Bermuda, which is recorded using the measurement alternative for equity securities. Our investment in Fortitude Re Bermuda totaled$156 million and $156 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other Invested Assets Carried at Fair Value

Certain hedge funds, private equity funds, and other investment partnerships for which we have elected the fair value option are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Net investment income.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 188

Other Invested Assets – Equity Method Investments

We account for hedge funds, private equity funds and other investment partnerships using the equity method of accounting unless our interest is so minor that we may have virtually no influence over partnership operating and financial policies, or we have elected the fair value option. Under the equity method of accounting, our carrying amount generally is our share of the net asset value of the funds or the partnerships, and changes in our share of the net asset values are recorded in Net investment income. In applying the equity method of accounting, we consistently use the most recently available financial information provided by the general partner or manager of each of these investments. Hedge funds are reported as of the balance sheet date. Private equity funds are generally reported on a one-quarter lag. The financial statements of these investees are generally audited annually. The carrying amount of equity method investments totaled $2.6 billion and $2.9 billion as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, representing various ownership percentages each period.

Summarized Financial Information of Equity Method Investees

The following is the aggregated summarized financial information of our equity method investees, including those for which the fair value option has been elected:

Other Investments

Also included in Other invested assets are real estate held for investment. These investments are reported at cost, less depreciation and are subject to impairment review, as discussed below.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 189

NET INVESTMENT INCOME

Net investment income represents income primarily from the following sources:

•Interest income and related expenses, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts with changes in the timing and the amount of expected principal and interest cash flows reflected in yield, as applicable.

•Dividend income from common and preferred stocks.

•Realized and unrealized gains and losses from investments in other securities and investments for which we elected the fair value option.

•Earnings from alternative investments.

•Prepayment premiums.

The following table presents the components of Net investment income:

• Included income from hedge funds and private equity funds. Hedge funds are recorded as of the balance sheet date. Private equity funds are generally reported on a one-quarter lag.

NET REALIZED GAINS AND LOSSES

Net realized gains and losses are determined by specific identification. The Net realized gains and losses are generated primarily from the following sources:

•Sales or full redemptions of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, real estate and other alternative investments.

•Reductions to the amortized cost basis of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities that have been written down due to our intent to sell them or it being more likely than not that we will be required to sell them.

•Changes in the allowance for credit losses on bonds available-for-sale, mortgage and other loans receivable, and loans commitments.

•Most changes in the fair value of free standing and embedded derivatives, including changes in the non-performance adjustment are included in Net realized gains (losses). However, changes in derivatives designated as hedging instruments when the fair value of the hedged item is not reported in Net realized gains (losses) are excluded from Net realized gains (losses). Additionally, changes in the fair value of free standing derivatives that hedge certain MRBs are excluded from Net realized gains (losses).

•Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions.

•Changes in fair value of the embedded derivative related to the Fortitude Re funds withheld assets.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 190

The following table presents the components of Net realized gains (losses):

• Derivative activity related to hedging MRBs is recorded in Change in the fair value of MRBs, net. For additional disclosures about MRBs, see Note 14.

CHANGE IN UNREALIZED APPRECIATION (DEPRECIATION) OF INVESTMENTS

The following table presents the increase (decrease) in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of our available-for-sale securities:

• Excludes net unrealized gains and losses attributable to business Held-for-sale at December 31, 2023.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 191

The following table summarizes the unrealized gains and losses recognized in Net investment income during the reporting period on equity securities and other invested assets still held at the reporting date:

EVALUATING INVESTMENTS FOR AN ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND IMPAIRMENTS

Fixed Maturity Securities

If we intend to sell a fixed maturity security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and if the fair value of the security is below amortized cost, an impairment has occurred and the amortized cost is written down to current fair value, with a corresponding charge to Net realized gains (losses). No allowance is established in these situations and any previously recorded allowance is reversed. The new cost basis is not adjusted for subsequent increases in estimated fair value. When assessing our intent to sell a fixed maturity security, or whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, management evaluates relevant facts and circumstances including, but not limited to, decisions to reposition our investment portfolio, sales of securities to meet cash flow needs and sales of securities to take advantage of favorable pricing.

For fixed maturity securities for which a decline in the fair value below the amortized cost is due to credit related factors, an allowance is established for the difference between the estimated recoverable value and amortized cost with a corresponding charge to Net realized gains (losses). The allowance for credit losses is limited to the difference between amortized cost and fair value. The estimated recoverable value is the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, as determined by management. The difference between fair value and amortized cost that is not associated with credit related factors is presented in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of fixed maturity securities on which an allowance for credit losses was previously recognized (a separate component of AOCI). Accrued interest is excluded from the measurement of the allowance for credit losses.

When estimating future cash flows for structured fixed maturity securities (e.g., RMBS, CMBS, CLO, ABS) management considers the historical performance of underlying assets and available market information as well as bond-specific structural considerations, such as credit enhancement and the priority of payment structure of the security. In addition, the process of estimating future cash flows includes, but is not limited to, the following critical inputs, which vary by asset class:

•Current delinquency rates;

•Expected default rates and the timing of such defaults;

•Loss severity and the timing of any recovery; and

•Expected prepayment speeds.

When estimating future cash flows for corporate, municipal and sovereign fixed maturity securities determined to be credit impaired, management considers:

•Expected default rates and the timing of such defaults;

•Loss severity and the timing of any recovery; and

•Scenarios specific to the issuer and the security, which may also include estimates of outcomes of corporate restructurings, political and macroeconomic factors, stability and financial strength of the issuer, the value of any secondary sources of repayment and the disposition of assets.

We consider severe price declines in our assessment of potential credit impairments. We may also modify our model inputs when we determine that price movements in certain sectors are indicative of factors not captured by the cash flow models.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 192

Under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, credit losses are reassessed each period. The allowance for credit losses and the corresponding charge to Net realized gains (losses) can be reversed if conditions change, however, the allowance for credit losses will never be reduced below zero. When we determine that all or a portion of a fixed maturity security is uncollectable, the uncollectable amortized cost amount is written off with a corresponding reduction to the allowance for credit losses. If we collect cash flows that were previously written off, the recovery is recognized by recording a gain in Net realized gains (losses).

Credit Impairments

The following table presents a rollforward of the changes in allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by major investment category:

Purchased Credit Deteriorated Securities

We purchase certain RMBS securities that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. These are referred to as purchased credit deteriorated assets. At the time of purchase an allowance is recognized for these purchased credit deteriorated assets by adding it to the purchase price to arrive at the initial amortized cost. There is no credit loss expense recognized upon acquisition of a purchased credit deteriorated asset. When determining the initial allowance for credit losses, management considers the historical performance of underlying assets and available market information as well as bond-specific structural considerations, such as credit enhancement and the priority of payment structure of the security. In addition, the process of estimating future cash flows includes, but is not limited to, the following critical inputs:

•current delinquency rates;

•expected default rates and the timing of such defaults;

•loss severity and the timing of any recovery; and

•expected prepayment speeds.

Subsequent to the acquisition date, the purchased credit deteriorated assets follow the same accounting as other structured securities that are not of high credit quality.

We did not purchase securities with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since their origination during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Other Invested Assets

Our equity method investments in private equity funds, hedge funds and other entities are evaluated for impairment each reporting period. Such evaluation considers market conditions, events and volatility that may impact the recoverability of the underlying investments within these private equity funds and hedge funds and is based on the nature of the underlying investments and specific inherent risks. Such risks may evolve based on the nature of the underlying investments.

Our investments in real estate are periodically evaluated for recoverability whenever changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may be impaired. When impairment indicators are present, we compare expected investment cash flows to carrying amount. When the expected cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the investments are written down to fair value with a corresponding charge to earnings.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 193

PLEDGED INVESTMENTS

Secured Financing and Similar Arrangements

We enter into secured financing transactions whereby certain securities are sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), in which we transfer securities in exchange for cash, with an agreement by us to repurchase the same or substantially similar securities. Our secured financing transactions also include those that involve the transfer of securities to financial institutions in exchange for cash (securities lending agreements). In all of these secured financing transactions, the securities transferred by us (pledged collateral) may be sold or repledged by the counterparties. These agreements are recorded at their contracted amounts plus accrued interest, other than those that are accounted for at fair value.

Pledged collateral levels are monitored daily and are generally maintained at an agreed-upon percentage of the fair value of the amounts borrowed during the life of the transactions. In the event of a decline in the fair value of the pledged collateral under these secured financing transactions, we may be required to transfer cash or additional securities as pledged collateral under these agreements. At the termination of the transactions, we and our counterparties are obligated to return the amounts borrowed and the securities transferred, respectively.

The following table presents the fair value of securities pledged to counterparties under secured financing transactions, including repurchase and securities lending agreements:

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, amounts borrowed under repurchase and securities lending agreements totaled $3.0 billionand $2.5 billion, respectively.

The following table presents the fair value of securities pledged under our repurchase agreements by collateral type and by remaining contractual maturity:

The following table presents the fair value of securities pledged under our securities lending agreements by collateral type and by remaining contractual maturity:

There were no securities lending agreements at December 31, 2023.

There were $120 million of reverse repurchase agreements at December 31, 2024 andno reverse repurchase agreements at December 31, 2023.

We do not currently offset any secured financing transactions. All such transactions are collateralized and margined daily consistent with market standards and subject to enforceable master netting arrangements with rights of set off.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 194

Insurance – Statutory and Other Deposits

The total carrying value of cash and securities deposited by our insurance subsidiaries under requirements of regulatory authorities or other insurance-related arrangements, including certain annuity-related obligations and certain reinsurance treaties, was $9.5 billion and $8.1 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other Pledges and Restrictions

Certain of our subsidiaries are members of Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”) and such membership requires the members to own stock in these FHLBs. We owned an aggregate of $279 million and $268 million of stock in FHLBs at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In addition, our subsidiaries have pledged securities available-for-sale and residential loans associated with borrowings and funding agreements from FHLBs, with a fair value of $4.2 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2024 and $4.8 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2023.

Certain GICs recorded in policyholder contract deposits with a carrying value of $47 million and $53 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, have provisions that require collateral to be posted or payments to be made by us upon a downgrade of our Insurer Financial Strength (“IFS”) ratings. The actual amount of collateral required to be posted to the counterparties in the event of such downgrades and the aggregate amount of payments that we could be required to make depend on market conditions, the fair value of outstanding affected transactions and other factors prevailing at and after the time of the downgrade. The fair value of securities pledged as collateral with respect to these obligations was approximately $62 million and $63 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. This collateral primarily consists of securities of the U.S. government and government-sponsored entities and generally cannot be repledged or resold by the counterparties.

As part of our collateralized reinsurance transactions, we pledge collateral to cedants as contractually required. The fair value of securities pledged as excess collateral with respect to these obligations was approximately $546 million and $490 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Additionally, assets supporting these transactions are held solely for the benefit of the cedants and insulated from obligations owed to our other policyholders and general creditors.

Reinsurance transactions between Corebridge and Fortitude Re were structured as modco with funds withheld.

6. Lending Activities

Mortgage and other loans receivable include commercial mortgages, residential mortgages, policy loans on life and annuity contracts, commercial loans, and other loans and notes receivable. Commercial mortgages, residential mortgages, commercial loans, and other loans and notes receivable are carried at unpaid principal balances less allowance for credit losses and plus or minus adjustments for the accretion or amortization of discount or premium. Interest income on such loans is accrued as earned.

Direct costs of originating commercial mortgages, commercial loans, and other loans and notes receivable, net of nonrefundable points and fees, are deferred and included in the carrying amount of the related receivables. The amount deferred is amortized to income as an adjustment to earnings using the interest method. Premiums and discounts on purchased residential mortgages are also amortized to income as an adjustment to earnings using the interest method.

Policy loans on life and annuity contracts are carried at unpaid principal balances. There is no allowance for policy loans because these loans serve to reduce the death benefit paid when the death claim is made, and the balances are effectively collateralized by the cash surrender value of the policy or annuity.

The following table presents the composition of Mortgage and other loans receivable, net:

(a)Commercial mortgages primarily represent loans for apartments, offices and industrial properties, with exposures in New York and California representing the largest geographic concentrations (aggregating approximately 18% and 10%, respectively, at December 31, 2024, and 19% and 10%, respectively, at December 31, 2023). The weighted average loan-to-value ratio for NY and CA was 65% and 56% at December 31, 2024, respectively, and 61% and 55% at December 31, 2023, respectively. The debt service coverage ratio for NY and CA was 1.9 X and 2.1 X at December 31, 2024, respectively, and 1.9 X and 2.1 X at December 31, 2023, respectively.

(b)There were no loans that were held for sale which are carried at lower of cost or market as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(c)Does not include allowance for credit losses of $20 million and $58 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, in relation to off-balance-sheet commitments to fund commercial mortgage loans, which is recorded in Other liabilities.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 195

Interest income is not accrued when payment of contractual principal and interest is not expected. Any cash received on impaired loans is generally recorded as a reduction of the current carrying amount of the loan. Accrual of interest income is generally resumed when delinquent contractual principal and interest are repaid or when a portion of the delinquent contractual payments are made, and the ongoing required contractual payments have been made for an appropriate period. As of December 31, 2024, $93 million and $1.0 billion of residential mortgage loans and commercial mortgage loans, respectively, are in nonaccrual status. As of December 31, 2023, $27 million and $419 million of residential mortgage loans and commercial mortgage loans, respectively, were placed on nonaccrual status.

Accrued interest is presented separately and is included in Accrued investment income on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2024, accrued interest receivable was $71 million and $154 million associated with residential mortgage loans and commercial mortgage loans, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable was $20 million and $162 million associated with residential mortgage loans and commercial mortgage loans, respectively.

A significant majority of commercial mortgages in the portfolio are non-recourse loans and, accordingly, the only guarantees are for specific items that are exceptions to the non-recourse provisions. It is therefore extremely rare for us to have cause to enforce the provisions of a guarantee on a commercial real estate or mortgage loan.

Nonperforming loans are generally those loans where payment of contractual principal or interest is more than 90 days past due. Nonperforming loans were not significant for all periods presented.

CREDIT QUALITY OF COMMERCIAL MORTGAGES

The following table presents debt service coverage ratios for commercial mortgages by year of vintage*:

*The debt service coverage ratio compares a property’s net operating income to its debt service payments, including principal and interest. Our weighted average debt service coverage ratio was 1.9 X at both periods ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The debt service coverage ratios are updated when additional relevant information becomes available.

The following table presents loan-to-value ratios for commercial mortgages by year of vintage*:

*The loan-to-value ratio compares the current unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan. Our weighted average loan-to-value ratio was 60% at December 31, 2024 and 59% at December 31, 2023. The loan-to-value ratios have been updated within the last three months to reflect the current carrying values of the loans. We update the valuations of collateral properties by obtaining independent appraisals, generally at least once per year.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 196

The following table presents the credit quality performance indicators for commercial mortgages:

(a)Includes $21 million of Retail loans supporting the Fortitude Re Funds Withheld arrangements, greater than 90 days delinquent or in process of foreclosure, at December 31, 2024

(b)Does not reflect allowance for credit losses.

The following table presents credit quality performance indicators for residential mortgages by year of vintage:

*Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) is the credit quality indicator used to evaluate consumer credit risk for residential mortgage loan borrowers and have been updated within the last twelve months. FICO scores for residential mortgage investor loans to corporate entities are those of the guarantor at time of purchase. On December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 residential loans direct to consumers totaled $8.4 billion and $6.7 billion, respectively.

METHODOLOGY USED TO ESTIMATE THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

At the time of origination or purchase, an allowance for credit losses is established for mortgage and other loan receivables and is updated each reporting period. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded in net realized gains (losses). This allowance reflects the risk of loss, even when that risk is remote, and reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the loan. The allowance for credit losses considers available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. We revert to historical information when we determine that we can no longer reliably forecast future economic assumptions.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 197

The allowances for the commercial mortgage loans and residential mortgage loans are estimated utilizing a probability of default and loss given default outputs from portfolio modeling. Loss rate factors are determined based on historical data, current loan and property performance and forecasted information. The loss rates are applied based on individual loan attributes and considering such data points as loan-to-value ratios, FICO scores, and debt service coverage.

The estimate of credit losses also reflects management’s assumptions on certain macro real estate factors that include, but are not limited to, real estate values and expected rental values plus certain macroeconomic forecasts such as, employment, inflation, and interest rates.

Accrued interest is excluded from the measurement of the allowance for credit losses and accrued interest is reversed through interest income once a loan is placed on non-accrual.

When all or a portion of a loan is deemed uncollectible, the uncollectible portion of the carrying amount of the loan is charged off against the allowance.

We also have off-balance sheet commitments related to our commercial mortgage loans. The liability for expected credit losses related to these commercial mortgage loan commitments is reported in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When a commitment is funded, we record a loan receivable and reclassify the liability for expected credit losses related to the commitment into loan allowance for expected credit losses. Other changes in the liability for expected credit losses on loan commitments are recorded in Net realized gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

The following table presents a rollforward of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on Mortgage and other loans receivable*:

• Does not include allowance for credit losses of $20 million, $58 million and $60 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 in relation to the off-balance-sheet commitments to fund commercial mortgage loans, which is recorded in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Our expectations and models used to estimate the allowance for losses on commercial and residential mortgage loans are regularly updated to reflect the current economic environment.

LOAN MODIFICATIONS

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. We use a probability of default/loss given default model to determine the allowance for credit losses for our commercial and residential mortgage loans. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification.

Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses utilizing the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification.

When modifications are executed, they often will be in the form of principal forgiveness, term extensions, interest rate reductions, or some combination of any of these concessions. When principal is forgiven, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

We assess whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty based on a variety of factors, including the borrower’s current default on any of its outstanding debt, the probability of a default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification, the insufficiency of the borrower’s forecasted cash flows to service any of its outstanding debt (including both principal and interest), and the borrower’s inability to access alternative third party financing at an interest rate that would be reflective of current market conditions for a non-troubled debtor.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 198

During the years ended December 31, 2024, commercial mortgage loans with an amortized cost of $191 million (including $62 million supporting the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re) and commercial loans, other loans and notes receivable with an amortized cost of $168 million (none of which were supporting the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re, and $168 million of which is related to the loans previously modified in 2023) were granted term extensions and adjustment of interest rates. The modified loans represent less than 1% and 5%, respectively, of these portfolio segments. These modifications added less thanone year to the weighted average life of loans in each of these two portfolio segments.

There were no loans that defaulted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, that had been previously modified with borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.

Corebridge closely monitors the performance of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. All loans with borrowers with financial difficulty that have been modified in the previous 12 months are current and performing in conjunction with its modified terms.

7. Reinsurance

In the ordinary course of business, our insurance companies may use ceded reinsurance to limit potential losses, provide additional capacity for growth, minimize exposure to significant risks or to provide greater diversification of our businesses. We may also use assumed reinsurance to diversify our business. Our reinsurance is principally under yearly renewable term (“YRT”) treaties, along with a large modco treaty reinsuring the majority of our legacy business to Fortitude Re. Reinsurance premiums ceded are recognized when due, along with corresponding benefits. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are presented as a component of Reinsurance assets.

Reinsurance assets include the balances due from reinsurance and insurance companies under the terms of our reinsurance agreements for ceded future policy benefits for life and accident and health insurance contracts and benefits paid and unpaid. We remain liable to the extent that our reinsurers do not meet their obligations under the reinsurance contracts, and as such, we regularly evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers and monitor concentration of our credit risk. The estimation of the allowance for credit losses and disputes requires judgment for which key inputs typically include historical trends regarding uncollectible balances, disputes and credit events as well as specific reviews of balances in dispute or subject to credit impairment. Changes in the allowance for credit losses and disputes on reinsurance assets are reflected in policyholder benefits within the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Certain of our reinsurers have sought rate increases on certain YRT agreements. We have disputed, and expect to continue disputing, any requested rate increases under these agreements. Certain reinsurers may send rate increases in the future and those may result in arbitration. To the extent reinsurers seek retroactive premium increases, our practice is to assess and accrue our current estimate of probable loss with respect to these matters.

Reinsurance recoverables are recognized in a manner consistent with the liabilities relating to the underlying reinsured contracts.

The reinsurance recoverables for coinsurance and modco contracts, along with amounts recoverable on YRT treaties are determined based on updated NPRs, reflecting updated actuarial assumptions using locked-in upper-medium investment instrument yield discount rates with changes recognized as remeasurement gains and losses reported in income. In addition, reinsurance recoverables are remeasured at the balance sheet date using current upper-medium grade discount rates with changes reported in OCI. For reinsurance agreements that reinsure existing, or non-contemporaneous (in-force) traditional and limited payment long-duration insurance contracts, the reinsurance recoverable is measured using the upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield discount rate assumption related to the effective date of the reinsurance contract. Therefore, for non-contemporaneous reinsurance agreements executed after January 1, 2021, the locked-in rate to accrete interest into the income statement related to the reinsurance recoverable would be different from the locked-in rate used for accreting interest on the direct reserve for future policy benefits. Certain reinsured guaranteed benefits previously reported as reinsurance recoverables are classified as Market risk benefit assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are measured at fair value.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 199

The following table presents the impacts of reinsurance ceded and the corresponding gross liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

The following table presents premiums earned and policy fees for our long-duration life insurance and annuity operations:

• Assumed premiums includes premium from pension risk transfer agreements of $1.3 billion, $4.1 billion, and $1.3 billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

FORTITUDE RE

AGL, VALIC and USL have modco agreements with Fortitude Re, a registered Class 4 and Class E reinsurer in Bermuda.

In the modco arrangement, the investments supporting the reinsurance agreements, which consist mostly of available-for-sale securities, and which reflect the majority of the consideration that would be paid to the reinsurer for entering into the transaction, are withheld by, and therefore continue to reside on the balance sheet of, the ceding company (i.e., Corebridge), thereby creating an obligation for the ceding company to pay the reinsurer (i.e., Fortitude Re) at a later date. Additionally, as Corebridge maintains ownership of these investments, Corebridge will maintain its existing accounting for these assets (e.g., the changes in fair value of available-for-sale securities will be recognized within OCI). Corebridge has established a funds withheld payable to Fortitude Re while simultaneously establishing a reinsurance asset representing liabilities for the insurance coverage that Fortitude Re has assumed. The funds withheld payable contains an embedded derivative and changes in fair value of the embedded derivative related to the funds withheld payable are recognized in earnings through realized gains (losses). This embedded derivative is considered a total return swap with contractual returns that are attributable to various assets and liabilities associated with these reinsurance agreements.

As our accounting policy is to include reinsurance balances when performing loss recognition testing and as there will be no future profits recognized on this business, we will not incur any future loss recognition events related to business ceded to Fortitude Re.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, approximately$24.9 billion and $26.8 billion of liabilities related to business written by Corebridge, had been ceded to Fortitude Re under these reinsurance transactions.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 200

There is a diverse pool of assets supporting the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re. The following summarizes the composition of the pool of assets:

(a)The derivative assets and liabilities have been presented net of cash collateral. The derivative assets and liabilities supporting the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangements had a fair market value of $7 million and $182 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. The derivative assets and liabilities supporting the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangements had a fair market value of $62 million and $6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. These derivative assets and liabilities are fully collateralized either by cash or securities.

(b)Primarily comprised of Cash and Accrued investment income.

The impact of the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re was as follows:

*The income tax expense (benefit) and the tax impact in OCI was computed using the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21%.

Various assets supporting the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangements are reported at amortized cost, and as such, changes in the fair value of these assets are not reflected in the financial statements. However, changes in the fair value of these assets are included in the embedded derivative in the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangement and the appreciation (depreciation) of the assets is the primary driver of the comprehensive income (loss) reflected above.

REINSURANCE SECURITY

Our third-party reinsurance arrangements do not relieve us from our direct obligations to our beneficiaries. Thus, a credit exposure exists to the extent that any reinsurer fails to meet the obligations assumed under any reinsurance agreement. We hold substantial collateral as security under related reinsurance agreements in the form of funds, securities, and/or letters of credit, as well as funds withheld reinsurance structures. A provision has been recorded for estimated unrecoverable reinsurance. Fortitude Re is our only reinsurer where the amount due from the reinsurer is in excess of 5% of our total reinsurance assets. Our reinsurance asset with Fortitude Re was$24.9 billion and $26.8 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Assets held by Corebridge with a fair value of $24.3 billion and $26.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, provide collateral supporting funds withheld balances due to Fortitude Re. We believe that no exposure to a single reinsurer represents an inappropriate concentration of credit risk to Corebridge.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 201

STATUTORY REINSURANCE

In addition to contracts which qualify for reinsurance accounting under U.S. GAAP, the Company also manages its risks through contracts which follow deposit accounting. Expenses associated with these contracts are recorded in General operating and other expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). For example, certain of our insurance companies manage the capital impact of their statutory reserve requirements, including those resulting from the NAIC Model Regulation “Valuation of Life Insurance Policies” (“Regulation XXX”) and NAIC Actuarial Guideline 38 (“Guideline AXXX”), through reinsurance transactions which do not qualify for reinsurance accounting under U.S. GAAP. Effective July 1, 2016, AGL entered into an agreement to cede approximately $5 billion of statutory reserves for certain whole life and universal life policies to an unaffiliated reinsurer. Effective December 31, 2016, AGL recaptured term and universal life reserves of $16 billion from AGC, subject to Regulation XXX and Guideline AXXX, and ceded approximately $14 billion of such statutory reserves to an unaffiliated reinsurer under an amendment to the July 1, 2016 agreement. Effective March 31, 2023, AGL recaptured term life reserves of $1 billion issued from 2017 to 2019 from AGC subject to Regulation XXX and ceded approximately $2 billion of such statutory reserves to the same unaffiliated reinsurer under an amendment to the July 1, 2016 agreement. Effective September 30, 2023, AGL recaptured universal life reserves of $1 billion issued from 2017 to 2019 from AGC subject to Guideline AXXX and ceded approximately $2 billion of such statutory reserves to the same unaffiliated reinsurer under an amendment to the July 1, 2016 agreement. Underone affiliated reinsurance arrangement, USL obtains letters of credit to support statutory recognition of the ceded reinsurance. As of December 31, 2024 USL hadone bilateral letter of credit currently in the amount of $125 million, which was issued on May 9, 2022 and expires on February 7, 2028.

REINSURANCE – CREDIT LOSSES

The estimation of reinsurance recoverables involves a significant amount of judgment. Reinsurance assets include reinsurance recoverables on future policy benefits and policyholder contract deposits that are estimated as part of our insurance liability valuation process and, consequently, are subject to similar judgments and uncertainties as the estimation of gross benefit liabilities.

We assess the collectability of reinsurance recoverable balances in each reporting period, through either historical trends of disputes and credit events or financial analysis of the credit quality of the reinsurer. We record adjustments to reflect the results of these assessments through an allowance for credit losses and disputes on uncollectible reinsurance that reduces the carrying amount of reinsurance and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (collectively, the reinsurance recoverable balances). This estimate requires significant judgment for which key considerations include:

•paid and unpaid amounts recoverable;

•whether the balance is in dispute or subject to legal collection;

•the relative financial health of the reinsurer as classified by the Obligor Risk Ratings (“ORRs”) we assign to each reinsurer based upon our financial reviews; insurers that are financially troubled (i.e., in run-off, have voluntarily or involuntarily been placed in receivership, are insolvent, are in the process of liquidation or otherwise subject to formal or informal regulatory restriction) are assigned ORRs that will generate a significant allowance; and

•whether collateral and collateral arrangements exist.

An estimate of the reinsurance recoverable’s lifetime expected credit losses is established utilizing a probability of default and loss given default method, which reflects the reinsurer’s ORR. The allowance for credit losses excludes disputed amounts. An allowance for disputes is established for a reinsurance recoverable using the losses incurred model for contingencies.

The total reinsurance recoverables as of December 31, 2024 were $26.5 billion. As of that date, utilizing Corebridge’s ORRs, (i) approximately 95% of the reinsurance recoverables were investment grade, (ii) approximately 5% were non-investment grade reinsurance recoverables and (iii) none of the reinsurance recoverables were related to entities that were not rated by Corebridge.

Reinsurance Recoverable Allowance

The following table presents a rollforward of the reinsurance recoverable allowance:

There were no material recoveries of credit losses previously written off for the year ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 202

Past-Due Status

We consider a reinsurance asset to be past due when it is 90 days past due and record an allowance for disputes when there is reasonable uncertainty of the collectability of a disputed amount during the reporting period. Past-due balances were not significant for any of the periods presented.

For further discussion of arbitration proceedings against us, see Note 16.

8. Variable Interest Entities

A VIE is a legal entity that does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or is structured such that equity investors lack the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations through voting rights or do not substantively participate in the gains and losses of the entity. Consolidation of a VIE by its primary beneficiary is not based on majority voting interest but is based on other criteria discussed below.

We enter into various arrangements with VIEs in the normal course of business and consolidate the VIEs when we determine we are the primary beneficiary. This analysis includes a review of the VIE’s capital structure, related contractual relationships and terms, nature of the VIE’s operations and purpose, nature of the VIE’s interests issued and our involvement with the entity. When assessing the need to consolidate a VIE, we evaluate the design of the VIE as well as the related risks to which the entity was designed to expose the variable interest holders.

The primary beneficiary is the entity that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIE. While also considering these factors, the consolidation conclusion depends on the breadth of our decision-making ability and our ability to influence activities that significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 203

BALANCE SHEET CLASSIFICATION AND EXPOSURE TO LOSS

Creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary generally have recourse only to the assets and cash flows of the VIEs and do not have recourse to the Company. The following table presents the total assets and total liabilities associated with our variable interests in consolidated VIEs, as classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(a)Composed primarily of investments in real estate joint ventures at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(b)The assets of each VIE can be used only to settle specific obligations of that VIE.

(c)Off-balance-sheet exposure primarily consisting of commitments by insurance operations and affiliates into real estate and investment entities. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had commitments to internal parties of$0.7 billion and $1.2 billion and commitments to external parties of$0.4 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 204

The following table presents the revenue, net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and net income (loss) attributable to Corebridge associated with our variable interests in consolidated VIEs, as classified in the Consolidated Income Statements:

We calculate our maximum exposure to loss to be (i) the amount invested in the debt or equity of the VIE, (ii) the notional amount of VIE assets or liabilities where we have also provided credit protection to the VIE with the VIE as the referenced obligation and (iii) other commitments and guarantees to the VIE.

The following table presents total assets of unconsolidated VIEs in which we hold a variable interest, as well as our maximum exposure to loss associated with these VIEs:

(a)Composed primarily of hedge funds and private equity funds.

(b)At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $5.8 billion and $5.5 billion, respectively, of our total unconsolidated VIE assets were recorded as other invested assets.

(c)These amounts represent our unfunded commitments to invest in private equity funds and hedge funds.

REAL ESTATE AND INVESTMENT ENTITIES

Through our insurance operations and Corebridge Real Estate Investors Inc., we are an investor in various real estate investment entities, some of which are VIEs. These investments are typically with unaffiliated third-party developers via a partnership or limited liability company structure. The VIEs’ activities consist of the development or redevelopment of commercial, industrial and residential real estate. Our involvement varies from being a passive equity investor or finance provider to actively managing the activities of the VIEs.

Our insurance operations participate as passive investors in the equity interests issued by certain third party-managed hedge and private equity funds that are VIEs. Our insurance operations typically are not involved in the design or establishment of these VIEs, nor do they actively participate in the management of the VIEs.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 205

SECURITIZATION AND REPACKAGING VEHICLES

We created certain VIEs that hold investments, primarily in investment grade debt securities and loans, and issued beneficial interests in these investments. Some of these VIEs were created to facilitate our purchase of asset-backed securities. In these situations, all of the beneficial interests are owned by Corebridge and affiliated entities and are consolidated by Corebridge. In other instances, we have created VIEs that are securitizations of residential mortgage loans or other forms of collateralized loan obligations or we repackage loans and other assets into pass-through securities. Corebridge subsidiaries or affiliated entities own some of the beneficial interests of these VIEs, and we maintain the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance. Accordingly, we consolidate these entities and those beneficial interests issued to third parties are reported as debt of consolidated investment entities. This debt is non-recourse to Corebridge.

RMBS, CMBS, OTHER ABS AND CLOs

Primarily through our insurance operations, we are a passive investor in RMBS, CMBS, other ABS and CLOs, the majority of which are issued by domestic special purpose entities. We generally do not sponsor or transfer assets to, or act as the servicer to these asset-backed structures and were not involved in the design of these entities.

Our maximum exposure in these types of structures is limited to our investment in securities issued by these entities and, where applicable, any unfunded commitments to these entities. Conditional unfunded commitments for these unconsolidated entities are $595 million at December 31, 2024. Based on the nature of our investments and our passive involvement in these types of structures, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities. We have not included these entities in the above tables; however, the fair values of our investments in these structures are reported in Notes 4 and 5.

Additionally, Corebridge is a passive investor in certain investment vehicles that securitized certain secured loans, bank loans and residential mortgage loans. The notes held by Corebridge and their related fair values are included in the available-for-sale disclosures that are reported in Notes 4 and 5. As of December 31, 2024, the total VIE assets of these securitizations are $2.6 billion, of which Corebridge’s maximum exposure to loss including unfunded commitments is $2.5 billion. As of December 31, 2023, the total VIE assets of these securitizations are $3.1 billion, of which Corebridge’s maximum exposure to loss is $2.2 billion.

9. Derivatives and Hedge Accounting

We use derivatives and other financial instruments as part of our financial risk management programs and as part of our investment operations. Interest rate derivatives (such as interest rate futures, swaps and options), equity derivatives (such as equity futures, swaps and options) and fixed maturity securities are used to economically mitigate interest rate risk, equity risk and credit spread exposure associated with MRBs and embedded derivatives contained in insurance contract liabilities. Interest rate derivatives are used to manage interest rate risk associated with fixed maturity securities as well as other interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. Equity derivatives are used to economically mitigate financial risk associated with embedded derivatives and MRBs in certain insurance liabilities. In addition, equity derivatives are used to economically hedge certain investments. Foreign exchange derivatives (principally foreign exchange forwards and swaps) are used to economically mitigate risk associated with foreign denominated investments, net capital exposures and foreign currency transactions. We use credit derivatives to manage our credit exposures. The derivatives are effective economic hedges of the exposures that they are meant to offset. As part of our strategy to enhance investment income, in addition to hedging activities, we also enter into derivative contracts with respect to investment operations, which may include, among other things, credit default swaps (“CDS”), total return swaps and purchases of investments with embedded derivatives, such as equity-linked notes and convertible bonds.

Interest rate, currency and equity swaps, credit contracts, swaptions, options and forward transactions are accounted for as derivatives, recorded on a trade-date basis and carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are generally reflected in income, except in certain situations in which hedge accounting is applied and unrealized gains and losses are reflected in AOCI. Aggregate asset or liability positions are netted on the Consolidated Balance Sheets only to the extent permitted by qualifying master netting arrangements in place with each respective counterparty. Cash collateral posted with counterparties in conjunction with transactions supported by qualifying master netting arrangements is reported as a reduction of the corresponding net derivative liability, while cash collateral received in conjunction with transactions supported by qualifying master netting arrangements is reported as a reduction of the corresponding net derivative asset.

Derivatives, with the exception of embedded derivatives, are reported at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other assets and Other liabilities. Embedded derivatives are generally presented with the host contract in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A bifurcated embedded derivative is measured at fair value and accounted for in the same manner as a freestanding derivative contract. The corresponding host contract is accounted for according to the accounting guidance applicable for that instrument.

For additional information on embedded derivatives and MRBs, see Notes 4, 13 and 14.

Corebridge | 2024 Form 10-K 206

The following table presents the notional amounts of our derivatives and the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(a)Fair value amounts are shown before the effects of counterparty netting adjustments and offsetting cash collateral.

(b)Includes written credit default swaps linked to certain actively traded indices. In the case of a credit event, the maximum future payment is limited to the constituent’s representation within the index.

(c)Consists primarily of stable value wraps and contracts with multiple underlying exposures.

(d)Represents netting of derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement.

(e)Represents cash collateral posted and received that is eligible for netting.

(f)Freestanding derivatives only, excludes embedded derivatives. Derivative instrument assets and liabilities are recorded in Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively. The fair value of assets related to bifurcated embedded derivatives were both zero at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair value of liabilities related to bifurcated embedded derivatives was $11.8 billion and $10.2 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. A bifurcated embedded derivative is generally presented with the host contract in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Embedded derivatives are primarily related to guarantee features in fixed index annuities and index universal life contracts, which include equity and interest rate components; bonds available-for-sale and the funds withheld arrangement with Fortitude Re. For additional information, see Note 7.

The following table presents the gross notional amounts of our derivatives and the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities with related parties and third parties:

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As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the carrying amount of the hedged assets (liabilities) and cumulative basis adjustments included in the carrying amount for fair value hedges:

(a)This relates to hedge accounting that has been discontinued, but the respective loans are still held. The cumulative adjustment is being amortized into earnings over the remaining life of the loan.

(b)This relates to fair value hedges on GICs.

COLLATERAL

We engage in derivative transactions that are not subject to a clearing requirement directly with related parties and unaffiliated third parties, in most cases under International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) Master Agreements. Many of the ISDA Master Agreements also include Credit Support Annex provisions, which provide for collateral postings that may vary based on criteria such as ratings and threshold levels. We attempt to reduce our risk with certain counterparties by entering into agreements that enable collateral to be obtained from a counterparty on an up-front or contingent basis. We minimize the risk that counterparties might be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations by monitoring counterparty credit exposure and collateral value and generally requiring additional collateral to be posted upon the occurrence of certain events or circumstances.

Collateral posted by us to third parties for derivative transactions was $1.4 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. No collateral was posted by us to related parties for derivative transactions at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In the case of collateral posted under derivative transactions that are not subject to clearing, this collateral can generally be repledged or resold by the counterparties. Collateral provided to us from third parties for derivative transactions was $2.7 billion and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Collateral provided to us from related parties for derivative transactions was $21 million and $377 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In the case of collateral provided to us under derivative transactions that are not subject to clearing, we generally can repledge or resell collateral.

OFFSETTING

We have elected to present all derivative receivables and derivative payables, and the related cash collateral received and paid, on a net basis on our Consolidated Balance Sheets when a legally enforceable ISDA Master Agreement exists between us and our derivative counterparty. An ISDA Master Agreement is an agreement governing multiple derivative transactions between two counterparties. The ISDA Master Agreement generally provides for the net settlement of all, or a specified group, of these derivative transactions, as well as transferred collateral, through a single payment, and in a single currency, as applicable. The net settlement provisions apply in the event of a default on, or affecting any, one derivative transaction or a termination event affecting all, or a specified group of, derivative transactions governed by the ISDA Master Agreement.

HEDGE ACCOUNTING

We designated certain derivatives entered into with related parties as fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities held by our insurance subsidiaries. The fair value hedges include foreign currency forwards and cross-currency swaps designated as hedges of the change in fair value of foreign currency denominated available-for-sale securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates. We also designated certain interest rate swaps entered into with both third parties and related parties as fair value hedges of fixed rate GICs attributable to changes in benchmark interest rates.

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In 2022 we designated certain interest rate swaps entered into with related parties as cash flow hedges of forecasted coupon payments associated with anticipated long-term debt issuances. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized derivative gains of $223 million in AOCI and reclassified $21 million into Interest expense. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, $28 million and $28 million, respectively, has been reclassified into Interest expense. The remaining amount in AOCI, of $146 million, will be reclassified into Interest expense over the life of the hedging relationship, which can extend up to 30 years. We expect $28 million to be reclassified into Interest expense over the next 12 months. There areno amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness that are recognized in earnings.

For additional information related to the debt issuances, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We also designated certain interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of floating-rate investment assets. Related to such swaps, for the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized derivative gains (losses) of $(218) million in AOCI and $(41) million in net investment income. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized derivative gains (losses) of $13 million in AOCI and $(2) million in net investment income. As it relates to such hedges, we do not expect any reclassifications into net investment income over the next 12 months and there are no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness that are recognized in earnings.

We use cross-currency swaps as hedging instruments in net investment hedge relationships to mitigate the foreign exchange risk associated with our non-U.S. dollar functional currency foreign subsidiaries. For net investment hedge relationships that use derivatives as hedging instruments, we assess hedge effectiveness and measure hedge ineffectiveness using changes in forward rates. We recognized gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 of $6 million, $(3) million and $9 million, respectively, included in Change in foreign currency translation adjustment in OCI related to the net investment hedge relationships. The gains (losses) recognized primarily include transactions with related parties. A qualitative methodology is utilized to assess hedge effectiveness for net investment hedges, while regression analysis is employed for all other hedges.

The following table presents the gain (loss) recognized in earnings on our derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss):

(a)Gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and qualifying in fair value hedges that are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

(b)Includes gains and losses with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

(c)Gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and qualifying in fair value hedges that are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

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DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS

The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss):

(a)Includes gains (losses) with related parties of $0.2 billion, $(1.1) billion and $(2.5) billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(b)Includes a $5 million gain and $13 million loss related to the sale of Laya and AIG Life U.K., reported in net (gain) loss on divestitures for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively. For further details on this transaction, see Note 1.

(c)This represents activity related to derivatives that economically hedged changes in fair value of certain MRBs.

In addition to embedded derivatives within policyholder contract deposits, certain guaranteed benefits within insurance contracts are classified as MRBs. The change in the fair value of these benefits is disclosed in Note 14. The change in the fair value of MRBs and the derivative instruments that hedge those risks are recognized in “Change in the fair value of MRBs, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

HYBRID SECURITIES WITH EMBEDDED CREDIT DERIVATIVES

We invest in hybrid securities (such as credit-linked notes) with the intent of generating income, and not specifically to acquire exposure to embedded derivative risk. As is the case with our other investments in RMBS, CMBS, CLOs, ABS and collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), our investments in these hybrid securities are exposed to losses only up to the amount of our initial investment in the hybrid security. Other than our initial investment in the hybrid securities, we have no further obligation to make payments on the embedded credit derivatives in the related hybrid securities.

We elect to account for our investments in these hybrid securities with embedded written credit derivatives at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in Net investment income. Our investments in these hybrid securities are reported as Other bond securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair values of these hybrid securities were both zero at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These securities have par amounts of $25 million and $25 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and have remaining stated maturity dates that extend to 2052.

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10. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) represent those costs that are incremental and directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal of existing insurance contracts. We defer incremental costs that result directly from, and are essential to, the acquisition or renewal of an insurance contract. Such DAC generally include agent or broker commissions and bonuses, and medical fees that would not have been incurred if the insurance contract had not been acquired or renewed. Each cost is analyzed to assess whether it is fully deferrable. We partially defer costs, including certain commissions, when we do not believe that the entire cost is directly related to the acquisition or renewal of insurance contracts. Commissions that are not deferred to DAC are recorded in Non-deferrable insurance commissions in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

We also defer a portion of employee total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits directly related to time spent performing specific acquisition or renewal activities, including costs associated with the time spent on underwriting, policy issuance and processing, and sales force contract selling. The amounts deferred are derived based on successful efforts for each distribution channel and/or cost center from which the cost originates.

DAC for all contracts, except for those with limited to no exposure to policyholder behavior risk, (i.e., certain investment contracts), is grouped and amortized on a constant level basis (i.e., approximating straight line amortization with adjustments for expected terminations) over the expected term of the related contracts using assumptions consistent with those used in estimating the related liability for future policy benefits, or any other related balances, for those corresponding contracts, as applicable. Capitalized expenses are only included in DAC amortization as expenses are incurred. For amortization purposes, contracts are grouped into annual cohorts by issue year and product and to segregate reinsured and non-reinsured contracts. For life insurance contracts, amortization is based on insurance in-force, while initial deposits are used for deferred annuity contracts, structured settlements and pension risk transfer products. Changes in future assumptions (e.g., expected duration of contracts or amount of coverage expected to be in force) are applied by adjusting the amortization rate prospectively. The Company has elected to implicitly account for actual experience, whether favorable or unfavorable, in its amortization expense each period. DAC is capped at the amount of expenses capitalized as the DAC balance does not accrue interest. DAC is not subject to recoverability testing.

Value of Business Acquired (“VOBA”): VOBA is determined at the time of acquisition and is reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with DAC. This value is based on the present value of future pre-tax profits discounted at yields applicable at the time of purchase. VOBA is amortized, consistent with DAC, i.e., over the life of the business on a constant level basis.

Internal Replacements of Long-duration and Investment-oriented Products: For some products, policyholders can elect to modify product benefits, features, rights or coverages by exchanging a contract for a new contract or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within a contract. These transactions are known as internal replacements. If the modification does not substantially change the contract, we do not change the accounting and amortization of existing DAC and related actuarial balances. If an internal replacement represents a substantial change, the original contract is considered to be extinguished and any related DAC or other policy balances are charged or credited to income, and any new deferrable costs associated with the replacement contract are deferred.

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The following table presents a rollforward of deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired related to long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

(a) Excludes $740 million of DAC reclassified to Assets held-for-sale at the beginning of the period and was derecognized concurrent with the closing of the sale of AIG Life U.K.

(b) Excludes $74 million of VOBA reclassified to Assets held-for-sale at the beginning of the period and was derecognized concurrent with the closing of the sale of AIG Life U.K.

DEFERRED SALES INDUCEMENTS

We offer deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) which include enhanced crediting rates or bonus payments to contract holders (bonus interest) on certain annuity and investment contract products. To qualify for accounting treatment as an asset, the bonus interest must be explicitly identified in the contract at inception. We must also demonstrate that such amounts are incremental to amounts we credit on similar contracts without bonus interest and are higher than the contracts’ expected ongoing crediting rates for periods after the bonus period. DSI is reported in Other assets, while amortization related to DSI is recorded in Interest credited to policyholder account balances. DSI amounts are deferred and amortized on a constant level basis over the life of the contract consistent with DAC. Changes in future assumptions (e.g., expected duration of contracts) are applied by adjusting the amortization rate prospectively rather than through a retrospective catch up adjustment. The Company has elected to implicitly account for actual experience, whether favorable or unfavorable, in its amortization expense each period, consistent with DAC.

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The following table presents a rollforward of deferred sales inducement assets related to long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

*Other reconciling items include prepaid expenses, goodwill, intangible assets and any similar items.

11. Separate Account Assets and Liabilities

We report variable contracts within the separate accounts when investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to, and investment risk is borne by, the contract holder and the separate account meets additional accounting criteria to qualify for separate account treatment. The assets supporting the variable portion of variable annuity and variable universal life contracts that qualify for separate account treatment are carried at fair value and are reported as separate account assets, with an equivalent summary total reported as separate account liabilities. The assets of insulated accounts are legally segregated and are not subject to claims that arise from any of our other businesses.

Policy values for variable products and investment contracts are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. The current liability at any time is the sum of the current unit value of all investment units in the separate accounts, plus any liabilities for MRBs.

Amounts assessed against the policyholders for mortality, administrative and other services are included in policy fees. Investment performance (including investment income, net investment gains (losses) and changes in unrealized gains (losses)) and the corresponding amounts credited to policyholders of such separate accounts are offset within the same line in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

For discussion of the fair value measurement of guaranteed benefits that are accounted for as MRBs, see Note 4.

The following table presents fair value of separate account investment options:

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The following table presents the balances and changes in separate account liabilities:

*The cash surrender value represents the amount of the contract holder’s account balance distributable at the balance sheet date less applicable surrender charges.

Separate account liabilities primarily represent the contract holder's account balance in separate account assets and will be equal and offsetting to total separate account assets.

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12. Future Policy Benefits

Future policy benefits primarily include reserves for traditional life and annuity payout contracts, which represent an estimate of the present value of future benefits less the present value of future net premiums. Included in Future policy benefits are liabilities for annuities issued in structured settlement arrangements whereby a claimant receives life contingent payments over their lifetime. Also included are pension risk transfer arrangements whereby an upfront premium is received in exchange for guaranteed retirement benefits. All payments under these arrangements are fixed and determinable with respect to their amounts and dates. Structured settlement or other annuitization elections (e.g., certain single premium immediate annuities) that do not involve life contingent payments, but rather payments for a stated period are included in Policyholder contract deposits.

For traditional and limited pay long-duration products, benefit reserves are accrued and benefit expense is recognized using a net premium ratio (“NPR”) methodology for each annual cohort of business. This NPR method incorporates periodic retrospective revisions to the NPR to reflect updated actuarial assumptions and variances in actual versus expected experience. The Future policy benefit liability is accrued by multiplying the gross premium recognized in each period by the NPR. The net premium is equal to the portion of the gross premium required to provide for all benefits and certain expenses and may not exceed 100%. Benefits in excess of premiums are expensed immediately through policyholder benefits. In addition, periodic revisions to the NPR below 100% may result in reclassification between the benefit reserves and deferred profit liability for limited pay contracts.

Insurance contracts are aggregated into annual cohorts for the purposes of determining the liability for future policy benefits (“LFPB”), but are not aggregated across segments. These annual cohorts may be further segregated based on product characteristics, or to distinguish business reinsured from non-reinsured business or products issued in different functional currencies. The assumptions used to calculate the future policy benefits include discount rates, persistency and recognized morbidity and mortality tables modified to reflect the Company's experience.

The current discount rate assumption for the liability for future policy benefits is derived from market observable yields on upper-medium-grade fixed income instruments. The Company uses an external index as the source of the yields on these instruments for the first 30 years. For years 30 to 50, the yield is derived using market observable yields. Yields for years 50 to 100 are extrapolated using a flat forward approach, maintaining a constant forward spread through the period. The current discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change in the discount rate reflected in OCI.

The method for constructing and applying the locked-in discount rate assumptions on newly issued business is determined based on factors such as product characteristics and the expected timing of cash flows. This discount rate assumption is derived from market observable yields on upper-medium-grade fixed income instruments. Similar to the current discount rate assumption, the Company may employ conversion and interpolation methodologies when necessary. The applicable interest accretion is reflected in policyholder benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

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The following tables present the balances and changes in the liability for future policy benefits and a reconciliation of the net liability for future policy benefits to the liability for future policy benefits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: