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TPG Inc.

For the period ended Jun 30, 2025. Filed Aug 6, 2025.

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About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Jun 30, 2025 · Filed Aug 6, 2025

TPG$49.08+5.5%Stored close · as of Nov 9, 2026

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Distributable Earnings. Distributable Earnings (“DE”) is used to assess performance and amounts potentially available for distributions to partners. DE is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure of net income. DE differs from U.S. GAAP net income computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it does not include (i) unrealized performance allocations and related compensation expense, (ii) unrealized investment income, (iii) equity-based compensation expense, (iv) amortization, (v) net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, or (vi) certain other items, such as contingent reserves.

While we believe that the inclusion or exclusion of the aforementioned U.S. GAAP income statement items provides investors with a meaningful indication of our core operating performance, the use of DE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein. This measure supplements U.S. GAAP net income and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP discussed further under “—Key Components of our Results of Operations—Results of Operations” prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

After-Tax Distributable Earnings. After-tax Distributable Earnings (“After-tax DE”) is a non-GAAP performance measure of our distributable earnings after reflecting the impact of income taxes. We use it to assess how income tax expense affects amounts available to be distributed to our Class A common stockholders and Common Unit holders. After-tax DE differs from U.S. GAAP net income computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it does not include the items described in the definition of DE herein; however, unlike DE, it does reflect the impact of income taxes. Income taxes, for purposes of determining After-tax DE, represent the total U.S. GAAP income tax expense adjusted to include only the current tax expense (benefit) calculated on U.S. GAAP net income before income tax and includes the current payable under our Tax Receivable Agreement, which is recorded within due to affiliates and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Further, the current tax expense (benefit) utilized when determining After-tax DE reflects the benefit of deductions available to the Company on certain expense items that are excluded from the underlying calculation of DE, such as equity-based compensation charges. We believe that including the amount currently payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement and utilizing the current income tax expense (benefit), as described above, when determining After-tax DE is meaningful as it increases comparability between periods and more accurately reflects earnings that are available for distribution to shareholders.

We believe that while the inclusion or exclusion of the aforementioned U.S. GAAP income statement items provides investors with a meaningful indication of our core operating performance, the use of After-tax DE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein. This measure supplements U.S. GAAP net income and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP discussed further under “—Key Components of our Results of Operations—Results of Operations.”

Fee-Related Earnings. Fee-Related Earnings (“FRE”) is a supplemental performance measure and is used to evaluate our business and make resource deployment and other operational decisions. FRE differs from net income computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of DE and also adjusts to exclude (i) realized performance allocations and related compensation expense, (ii) realized investment income from investments and financial instruments, (iii) net interest (interest expense less interest income), (iv) depreciation, and (v)

certain non-core income and expenses. We use FRE to measure the ability of our business to cover compensation and operating expenses from fee revenues other than capital allocation-based income. The use of FRE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein.

Fee-Related Revenues. Fee-related revenues (“FRR”) is a component of FRE. Fee-related revenues is comprised of (i) management fees, (ii) fee-related performance revenues, (iii) transaction, monitoring and other fees, net, and (iv) other income. Fee-related performance revenues refers to incentive fees from perpetual capital vehicles that are: (i) measured and expected to be received on a recurring basis and (ii) not dependent on realization events from the underlying investments. Fee-related revenues differs from revenue computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it excludes certain reimbursement expense arrangements. Refer to “—Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP Measures” to the comparable line items on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fee-Related Expenses. Fee-related expenses is a component of FRE. Fee-related expenses differs from expenses computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it is net of certain reimbursement arrangements and does not include performance allocation compensation. Fee-related expenses is used in management’s review of the business. Refer to “—Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP Measures” to the comparable line items on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fee-related revenues and fee-related expenses are presented separately in our calculation of non-GAAP measures in order to better illustrate the profitability of our FRE. The use of fee-related revenues and FRE without consideration of the related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described herein.

Our calculations of DE, FRE, fee-related revenues and fee-related expenses may differ from the calculations of other investment managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other investment managers.

The following table sets forth our total FRE and DE for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2025202420252024
($ in thousands)
Management fees$450,463$413,275$863,623$815,959
Fee-related performance revenues6,7684,48512,9698,360
Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net34,83534,14688,80868,301
Other income3,0537,0905,98317,584
Fee-Related Revenues495,119458,996971,383910,204
Cash-based compensation and benefits, net174,345164,746367,894346,429
Fee-related performance compensation3,3842,2426,4844,180
Operating expenses, net97,87390,744195,926175,960
Fee-Related Expenses275,602257,732570,304526,569
Fee-Related Earnings219,517201,264401,079383,635
Realized performance allocations, net87,03725,979126,65857,531
Realized investment income and other, net(5,716)5,910(9,678)(3,405)
Depreciation expense(5,157)(4,722)(10,107)(10,337)
Interest expense, net(17,205)(7,672)(31,697)(17,659)
Distributable Earnings278,476220,759476,255409,765
Income taxes(10,186)(14,120)(21,229)(22,501)
After-Tax Distributable Earnings$268,290$206,639$455,026$387,264

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

Fee-Related Revenues

Fee-related revenues increased $36.1 million, or 8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The change was primarily due to additional management fees of $37.2 million and a $2.3 million increase in fee-related performance revenues, partially offset by a decrease in other income of $4.0 million.

The following table presents management fees in our platforms for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Capital$113,804$140,691
Growth88,21539,685
Impact66,43847,795
TPG Angelo Gordon
TPG AG Credit81,60376,722
TPG AG Real Estate50,04352,540
Real Estate35,62935,256
Market Solutions14,73120,586
Total Management Fees$450,463$413,275

Management fees increased $37.2 million, or 9%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily driven by higher management fees from our Growth and Impact platforms, partially offset by lower management fees from our Capital and Market Solutions platforms.

Management fees from our Capital platform decreased $26.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to catch-up fees earned as a result of additional capital commitments from limited partners in Asia VIII during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and a decrease in the fee basis of TPG VII and TPG VIII resulting from the realization of portfolio investments.

Management fees from our Growth platform increased $48.5 million primarily due to catch-up fees earned in Growth VI from subsequent closings during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Management fees from our Impact platform increased $18.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to fees earned from Rise Climate II during the three months ended June 30, 2025, which was activated during the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by a step-down in fee basis of Rise Climate I from committed capital to actively invested capital during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Management fees from TPG AG Credit increased $4.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in fee basis from MMDL V as a result of new investments and fees in Credit Solutions III, which was activated during the third quarter of 2024. These were partially offset by a decrease in fees from MMDL III as a result of lower fee-earning AUM.

Management fees from TPG AG Real Estate decreased $2.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to lower fees earned from Realty IX, which ceased paying fees in the second quarter of 2025, and a decrease in the fee basis of Net Lease Realty III.

Management fees from our Real Estate platform increased $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to three months ended June 30, 2024.

Management fees from our Market Solutions platform decreased $5.9 million primarily due to lower fees in TPEP as a result of lower fee-earning AUM, and catch-up fees earned in NewQuest V during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Catch-up management fees totaled $42.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and primarily consisted of $38.5 million for Growth VI, $2.7 million for Rise Climate II, and $1.2 million for Rise Climate Global South.

Fee-Related Performance Revenues

The following table presents fee-related performance revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
TPG AG Credit$6,768$4,485
Total Fee-Related Performance Revenues$6,768$4,485

Fee-related performance revenues increased $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 due to higher incentive fees from TCAP.

Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net

The following table presents transaction, monitoring and other fees, net in our platforms for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Capital$1,581$1,442
Growth344238
Impact2,0421,192
TPG Angelo Gordon
TPG AG Credit1,645462
TPG AG Real Estate1,5211,302
Market Solutions27,70229,510
Total Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net$34,835$34,146

Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net increased $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Other Income

Total other income decreased $4.0 million, or 57%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to lower income from our former affiliate. As of April 2024, the contracts to provide services to such party have ended.

Fee-Related Expenses

Fee-related expenses increased $17.9 million, or 7%, during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily due to increases in cash-based compensation and benefits, net of $9.6 million and operating expenses, net of $7.1 million.

Cash-Based Compensation and Benefits, Net

The following table presents cash-based compensation and benefits, net for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Salaries$93,213$86,466
Bonuses76,13873,891
Benefits and other33,93428,775
Reimbursements(28,940)(24,386)
Total Cash-Based Compensation and Benefits, Net$174,345$164,746

Cash-based compensation and benefits, net increased $9.6 million, or 6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily due to higher salaries and benefits resulting from an overall increase in headcount, partially offset by an increase in reimbursements.

Fee-Related Performance Compensation

The following table presents fee-related performance compensation for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
TPG AG Credit$3,384$2,242
Total Fee-related Performance Compensation$3,384$2,242

Total fee-related performance compensation increased $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This was primarily attributable to the increase in fee-related performance revenues from TCAP that drives compensation attributable to our partners and professionals.

Operating Expenses, Net

Operating expenses, net includes general and administrative expenses as well as reimbursements for professional services and travel expenses related to investment management and advisory services provided to TPG funds and monitoring services provided to our portfolio companies. Operating expenses, net increased $7.1 million, or 8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily due to an increase in professional fees.

Realized Performance Allocations, Net

The following table presents realized performance allocations, net from our platforms for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Capital$31,124$—
Growth42,7422,905
Impact154,278
TPG Angelo Gordon
TPG AG Credit12,15413,854
TPG AG Real Estate1,0024,041
Real Estate—901
Total Realized Performance Allocations, Net$87,037$25,979

Realized performance allocations, net of $87.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 were generated primarily from realizations of $31.1 million from TPG VII in the Capital platform, $41.7 million from Growth IV in the Growth platform, $3.9 million from Credit Solutions II and $1.3 million from MMDL V in TPG AG Credit. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies including Crunch Fitness and Viking Cruises.

Realized performance allocations, net of $26.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were generated from realizations of $8.0 million from MMDL IV in TPG AG Credit, $4.3 million from Rise Climate I in the Impact platform, $3.9 million from Growth Capital Partners I in TPG AG Real Estate and $2.9 million from TTAD I in the Growth platform. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies including Nextracker and Visma AS.

Realized Investment Income and Other, Net

The following table presents realized investment income and other, net for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Investments in funds$21,445$11,256
Non-core income (expense)(27,161)(5,346)
Total Realized Investment Income and Other, Net$(5,716)$5,910

The change in realized investment income and other, net of $11.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 resulted primarily from an increase in our non-core expense, partially offset by realizations from certain investments in our funds. Our non-core activity includes expenses of $10.2 million related to our unoccupied lease space and $8.2 million for acquisition diligence activity for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense increased $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Interest Expense, Net

The following table presents interest expense, net for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Interest expense$25,320$21,509
Interest (income)(8,115)(13,837)
Interest Expense, Net$17,205$7,672

Interest expense, net increased $9.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in outstanding principal balances on our debt obligations.

Distributable Earnings

The increase in DE for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in realized performance allocations, net, partially offset by lower realized investment income and other, net.

Income taxes decreased $3.9 million, or 28%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the utilization of tax deductions generated in the prior quarter.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Fee-Related Revenues

Fee-related revenues increased by $61.2 million, or 7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to additional management fees of $47.7 million and an increase in transaction, monitoring and other fees, net of $20.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in other income of $11.6 million.

The following table presents management fees in our platforms for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Capital$225,378$275,680
Growth132,74079,359
Impact130,11796,185
TPG Angelo Gordon
TPG AG Credit164,368151,470
TPG AG Real Estate109,833104,471
Real Estate70,58069,626
Market Solutions30,60739,168
Total Management Fees$863,623$815,959

Management fees increased $47.7 million, or 6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily driven by higher management fees from our Growth and Impact platforms, partially offset by lower management fees from our Capital and Market Solutions platforms.

Management fees from our Capital platform decreased $50.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The change is primarily due to catch-up fees earned as a result of additional capital commitments from limited partners in Asia VIII during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and a decrease in the fee bases of TPG VIII and TPG VII resulting from the realization of portfolio investments.

Management fees from our Growth platform increased $53.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to catch-up fees earned from subsequent closings of Growth VI during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Management fees from our Impact platform increased $33.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to catch-up fees earned from Rise Climate II during the six months ended June 30, 2025, which was activated during the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by a step-down in fee basis of Rise Climate I from committed capital to actively invested capital during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Management fees from TPG AG Credit increased $12.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase in the fee bases of MMDL V and MMDL Evergreen as a result of new investments and Credit Solutions III, which was activated during the third quarter of 2024. In addition, management fees increased during the six months ended June 30, 2025 due to subsequent closings from TCAP. These were partially offset by a decrease fees from MMDL III as a result of lower fee-earning AUM.

Management fees from TPG AG Real Estate increased $5.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to catch-up fees earned from Europe Realty IV during the six months ended June 30, 2025. This was partially offset by Realty IX as the fund ceased paying fees in the second quarter of 2025.

Management fees from our Real Estate platform increased $1.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Management fees from our Market Solutions platform decreased $8.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily as a result of a decrease in TPEP’s fee-earning AUM and partially offset by catch-up fees earned as a result of additional capital commitments from limited partners in NewQuest V during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Catch-up management fees totaled $50.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and primarily consisted of $34.8 million for Growth VI and $8.9 million for Europe Realty IV.

Fee-Related Performance Revenues

The following table presents fee-related performance revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
TPG AG Credit$12,969$8,360
Total Fee-Related Performance Revenues$12,969$8,360

Fee-related performance revenues increased by $4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 due to higher incentive fees from TCAP.

Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net

The following table presents transaction, monitoring and other fees, net in our platforms for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Capital$3,026$2,854
Growth693437
Impact3,9402,715
TPG Angelo Gordon
TPG AG Credit3,5091,506
TPG AG Real Estate2,0231,726
Real Estate481—
Market Solutions75,13659,063
Total Transaction, Monitoring and Other Fees, Net$88,808$68,301

Transaction, monitoring and other fees, net increased by $20.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily driven by a $16.1 million increase in our Market Solutions platform as a result of capital markets activity among our portfolio companies involving our broker-dealer.

Other Income

Total other income decreased by $11.6 million, or 66%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to lower income from our former affiliate. As of April 2024, the contracts to provide services to such party have ended.

Fee-Related Expenses

Fee-related expenses increased by $43.7 million, or 8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily comprised of higher compensation and benefits, net of $21.5 million and an increase in operating expenses, net of $20.0 million.

Cash-Based Compensation and Benefits, Net

The following table presents cash-based compensation and benefits, net for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Salaries$185,288$174,183
Bonuses157,422151,078
Benefits and other80,57364,963
Reimbursements(55,389)(43,795)
Total Cash-Based Compensation and Benefits, Net$367,894$346,429

Total cash-based compensation and benefits, net increased by $21.5 million, or 6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily due to higher salaries and benefits resulting from an overall increase in headcount, partially offset by an increase in reimbursements.

Fee-Related Performance Compensation

The following table presents fee-related performance compensation for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
TPG AG Credit$6,484$4,180
Total Fee-related Performance Compensation$6,484$4,180

Total fee-related performance compensation increased by $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This was primarily attributable to the increase in fee-related performance revenues from TCAP that drives compensation attributable to our partners and professionals.

Operating Expenses, Net

Operating expenses, net includes general and administrative expenses as well as reimbursements for professional services and travel expenses related to investment management and advisory services provided to TPG funds and monitoring services provided to our portfolio companies. Operating expenses, net increased by $20.0 million, or 11%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This change was primarily due to an increase in professional fees.

Realized Performance Allocations, Net

The following table presents realized performance allocations, net from our platforms for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Capital$57,985$18,273
Growth42,7422,905
Impact4,53415,896
TPG Angelo Gordon
TPG AG Credit18,30215,470
TPG AG Real Estate1,0024,086
Real Estate2,093901
Total Realized Performance Allocations, Net$126,658$57,531

Realized performance allocations, net of $126.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were largely generated from realizations of $48.0 million from TPG VII and $9.8 million from TPG VIII in the Capital platform, $41.7 million from Growth IV in the Growth platform, $4.5 million from Rise Climate I in the Impact platform, $3.9 million from Credit Solutions II, $3.2 million from MMDL IV and $2.2 million from MMDL V in TPG AG Credit, and $2.1 million from TREP III in the Real Estate platform. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies including Viking Cruises, Crunch Fitness, DirecTV, Q-Centrix and Nextracker.

Realized performance allocations, net of $57.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were largely generated from realizations of $15.9 million from Rise Climate I in the Impact platform, $13.9 million from TPG VIII and $3.9 million from Asia VII in the Capital platform, $8.0 million from MMDL IV in TPG AG Credit, $3.9 million from Growth Capital Partners I in TPG AG Real Estate, and $2.9 million from TTAD I within the Growth platform. The activity consisted of realizations sourced from portfolio companies including DirecTV, Singlife, Nextracker and Visma AS.

Realized Investment Income and Other, Net

The following table presents realized investment income and other, net for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Investments in funds$39,005$13,415
Non-core income (expense)(48,683)(16,820)
Total Realized Investment Income and Other, Net$(9,678)$(3,405)

The decrease in realized investment income and other, net of $6.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 resulted primarily from an increase in our non-core expense partially offset by realizations from certain investments in our funds. Our non-core activity includes expenses of $19.9 million related to our unoccupied lease space and $17.8 million for acquisition diligence activity during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense decreased $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Interest Expense, Net

The following table presents interest expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)
Interest expense$49,375$42,554
Interest (income)(17,678)(24,895)
Interest Expense, Net$31,697$17,659

Interest expense, net increased by $14.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in outstanding principal balances on our debt obligations.

Distributable Earnings

The increase in DE for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to higher realized performance allocations, net and FRE.

Income taxes decreased $1.3 million, or 6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to tax deductions in connection with restricted stock unit settlements during the period.

Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP Measures

The following tables reconcile the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Revenue

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2025202420252024
($ in thousands)
GAAP Revenue$920,537$744,194$1,955,413$1,568,265
Capital-allocation based income(351,463)(221,394)(842,884)(533,170)
Expense reimbursements(66,646)(50,227)(126,055)(95,894)
Investment income and other(7,309)(13,577)(15,091)(28,997)
Fee-Related Revenues$495,119$458,996$971,383$910,204
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2025202420252024
($ in thousands)
GAAP Expenses$890,131$776,546$1,837,991$1,612,943
Depreciation and amortization expense(30,808)(32,079)(62,190)(65,044)
Interest expense(25,308)(21,502)(49,368)(42,624)
Expense reimbursements(66,646)(50,227)(126,055)(95,894)
Performance allocation compensation(233,437)(133,753)(532,142)(330,187)
Equity-based compensation(209,622)(227,542)(415,454)(455,450)
Non-core expenses and other(48,708)(53,711)(82,478)(97,175)
Fee-Related Expenses$275,602$257,732$570,304$526,569

Net Income

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2025202420252024
($ in thousands)
Net (loss) income$30,111$(57,578)$117,939$(66,584)
Net income attributable to other non-controlling interests(46,035)(13,691)(120,569)(44,203)
Amortization expense22,95924,00446,69648,002
Equity-based compensation213,662225,919425,042451,341
Unrealized performance allocations, net13,341(13,417)(32,484)(37,898)
Unrealized investment income19,288(5,344)1,620(25,571)
Income taxes(957)8,585(5,609)4,407
Non-recurring and other15,92138,16122,39157,770
After-tax Distributable Earnings$268,290$206,639$455,026$387,264
Income taxes10,18614,12021,22922,501
Distributable Earnings$278,476$220,759$476,255$409,765
Realized performance allocations, net(87,037)(25,979)(126,658)(57,531)
Realized investment income and other, net5,716(5,910)9,6783,405
Depreciation expense5,1574,72210,10710,337
Interest expense, net17,2057,67231,69717,659
Fee-Related Earnings$219,517$201,264$401,079$383,635

Net Accrued Performance

June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)
GAAP Investments$7,932,744$7,503,281
Equity method and other investments(1,843,471)(1,545,202)
Accrued performance allocation compensation(4,507,026)(4,376,523)
Impact of other consolidated entities(575,419)(607,989)
Net Accrued Performance$1,006,828$973,567
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