GigaCloud Technology Inc

Business Overview

We are a pioneer of global end-to-end B2B ecommerce solutions for large parcel merchandise. Our B2B ecommerce platform, which we refer to as the “GigaCloud Marketplace,” integrates everything from product discovery to payments to logistics tools into one easy-to-use platform. Our global marketplace seamlessly connects manufacturers, primarily in Asia, with resellers, primarily in the U.S., Asia and Europe, to execute cross-border transactions with confidence, speed and efficiency. We offer a truly comprehensive solution that transports products from the manufacturer’s warehouse to end customers, all at one fixed price. We first launched our marketplace in January 2019 by focusing on the global furniture market and have since expanded into additional categories such as home appliances and fitness equipment. GigaCloud Marketplace is one of the fastest growing large parcel B2B marketplaces with over $414.2 million, $518.2 million and $794.4 million of GMV transacted in our marketplace in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

In October 2023, we completed the acquisition of Noble House Home Furnishings LLC, or Noble House, a leading B2B distributor of indoor and outdoor home furnishings, for an aggregate consideration of approximately $77.6 million. The Noble House acquisition was funded using cash on hand from operations. The acquisition added valuable assets, including but not limited to, inventory, warehouse leases, intangible assets including technology assets, and other assets which can be further utilized and to supplement our B2B ecommerce ecosystem.

The acquisition of Noble House added six warehouses with approximately 2.4 million square feet of warehouse space to our warehousing network in the U.S., and one warehouse with approximately 0.1 million square feet of warehouse space in Canada. We also increased the number of product SKUs, particularly in outdoor furnishings, to our GigaCloud Marketplace through this acquisition. We plan to utilize Noble House’s footprint to broaden our supplier base into India and expand our service end market into Canada, attracting more sellers and buyers to our Marketplace. We believe the Noble House acquisition would contribute additional sales channels and business relationships to further complement our B2B ecommerce ecosystem.

In November 2023, we completed the acquisition of a 100% equity interest of Apexis, Inc., a Florida corporation dba Wondersign, or Wondersign, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $10.0 million. The Wondersign acquisition was funded using cash on hand from operations. Wondersign is a cloud-based interactive digital signage and e-catalog management SaaS company headquartered in Tampa, Florida. Wondersign specializes in developing and maintaining the acclaimed “Catalog Kiosk” digital catalog software, empowering retailers to showcase an extensive range of products and enhance the engagement with today's omni-channel shoppers. With its extensive retailer customer base, Wondersign has access to thousands of storefronts across the United States. We believe that acquiring Wondersign would contribute to our objective of transforming GigaCloud Marketplace into a user-friendly platform that seamlessly connects with customers, ensuring an exceptional experience for both platform participants and retail store patrons.

We built the GigaCloud Marketplace to democratize access and distribution globally so that manufacturers, who are typically sellers in our marketplace, and online resellers, who are typically buyers in our marketplace, can transact without borders. Manufacturers view our marketplace as an essential sales channel to thousands of online resellers in the U.S., Asia and Europe. Our GigaCloud Marketplace enables manufacturers to deliver their products around the world. Additionally, online resellers may lack the resources and infrastructure to manage a global supply chain and support international distribution. Our integrated ecommerce solutions allow online resellers to offer products and services comparable to those offered by large ecommerce platforms by giving them access to a large and growing catalog of products at wholesale prices, supported by industry-leading global fulfillment capabilities.

To enhance our marketplace experience, we sell our own products, or 1P products, through the GigaCloud Marketplace and to and through third-party ecommerce websites, such as Rakuten in Japan, and Amazon, Walmart, Home Depot, Overstock and Wayfair in the U.S. and OTTO in Germany. These 1P revenues expand our market presence, reduce inventory and logistics risk for suppliers, create more products for buyers, drive volume-based cost efficiencies for sourcing products, provide us with proprietary data and increase the velocity of sales on our marketplace. With the acquisition of Noble House, we further diversified the 1P product variety and offerings for our buyers. 1P revenues through the GigaCloud Marketplace and to and through third-party ecommerce websites represented 76.3%, 71.3% and 71.7% of total revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

We have built a cross-border fulfillment network optimized for large parcel products. We operate warehouses in five countries in the U.S., Japan, the U.K., Germany and Canada, with the U.S. being our largest market. As of December 31, 2023, we operate 33 large-scale warehouses around the world totaling approximately 8.2 million square feet of storage space, covering seven ports of destination with approximately 17,000 annual containers, and have an extensive shipping and trucking network via partnerships with major shipping, trucking and freight service providers. By servicing the entire supply chain, we offer sellers and buyers in our marketplace enhanced visibility into product inventory, reducing turnover time and transaction costs. On average, we are able to deliver products to end customers within one week of their order and at a fixed rate that is cheaper than standard rates from FedEx and UPS.

We have AI software that generates seller ratings and credit profiles through volume data. Additionally, our AI optimizes routing by organizing incoming orders and rebalancing inventory levels within our warehousing network. Our software platform includes flexible trading tools with which sellers can set prices based on quantities, delivery dates and fulfillment methods, and buyers have the option to purchase merchandise individually or in bulk.

We leverage our proprietary data and AI to accelerate the network effects in our marketplace. As our marketplace grows, we accumulate user and product data to develop analytical and predicative tools such as product sales forecasts. This information is valuable to our sellers as it allows them to efficiently manage inventory and pricing. As sellers succeed in our marketplace, more sellers join, which expands our merchandise offerings. Our broad merchandise selection, competitive pricing and virtual warehousing capabilities encourage buyers to join and transact in our marketplace. More buyer activity leads to more sellers, creating a virtuous cycle.

In 2021, we had 382 active 3P sellers and 3,566 active buyers in our GigaCloud Marketplace, representing a year-over-year increase of 81.9% and 111.1%, respectively. In 2021, our users transacted $414.2 million of GigaCloud Marketplace GMV with an average spend per buyer of $116,150. This is a 117.4% year-over-year increase in GigaCloud Marketplace GMV and a 3.0% year-over-year increase in average spend per buyer from 2020, respectively. Combined with off-platform e-commerce GMV of $127.6 million, the total transactions that we facilitated aggregated a GMV of $541.8 million in 2021. 3P Seller GigaCloud Marketplace GMV was $156.9 million in 2021, represented 37.9%, of total GigaCloud Marketplace GMV in 2021.

In 2022, we had 560 active 3P sellers and 4,156 active buyers in our GigaCloud Marketplace, representing a year-over-year increase of 46.6% and 16.5%, respectively. In 2022, our users transacted $518.2 million of GigaCloud Marketplace GMV with an average spend per buyer of $124,692. This is a 25.1% year-over-year increase in GigaCloud Marketplace GMV and a 7.4% year-over-year increase in average spend per buyer from 2021, respectively. Combined with off-platform e-commerce GMV of $117.8 million, the total transactions that we facilitated aggregated a GMV of $636.0 million in 2022, representing a 17.4% increase in GMV year-over-year from 2021. 3P Seller GigaCloud Marketplace GMV was $257.7 million in 2022, represented 49.7% of total GigaCloud Marketplace GMV in 2022.

In 2023, we had 815 active 3P sellers and 5,010 active buyers in our GigaCloud Marketplace, representing a year-over-year increase of 45.5% and 20.5%, respectively. In 2023, our users transacted $794.4 million of GigaCloud Marketplace GMV with an average spend per buyer of $158,569. This is a 53.3% year-over-year increase in GigaCloud Marketplace GMV and a 27.2% year-over-year increase in average spend per buyer from 2022, respectively. Combined with off-platform e-commerce GMV of $204.6 million, the total transactions that we facilitated aggregated a GMV of $999.1 million in 2023, representing a 57.1% increase in GMV year-over-year from 2022. 3P Seller GigaCloud Marketplace GMV was $426.3 million in 2023, represented 53.7% of total GigaCloud Marketplace GMV in 2023.

We experienced significant growth over the last three years:

•We generated total revenues of $414.2 million in 2021, $490.1 million in 2022 and $703.8 million in 2023, representing a 18.3% growth from 2021, and a 43.6% growth from 2022;

•We generated gross profit of $89.6 million in 2021, $83.1 million in 2022 and $188.6 million in 2023, representing 21.6%, 17.0% and 26.8% of total revenues, respectively;

•Our net income was $29.3 million in 2021, $24.0 million in 2022 and $94.1 million in 2023; and

•Our Adjusted EBITDA was $48.0 million in 2021, $41.8 million in 2022 and $118.3 million in 2023.

See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation——Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for information regarding our use of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA.

The financial impact from the acquisitions of Noble House and Wondersign was reflected in our financial results in the fourth quarter and full year of 2023. The operating impact from these acquisitions has not been reflected in the operating metrics in our GigaCloud Marketplace in this annual report.

Below is a summary of our key financial and operating metrics for the periods indicated:

We are focused on facilitating B2B ecommerce transactions in our GigaCloud Marketplace. We generate revenues primarily through three revenue streams:

•GigaCloud 3P: generates service revenues, including platform commission, ocean transportation service, warehousing service, last-mile delivery service, packaging service and others, by facilitating transactions between sellers and buyers in our marketplace.

•GigaCloud 1P: generates product revenues through the sale of our inventory in our marketplace.

•Off-platform Ecommerce: generates product revenues through the sale of our inventory to and through third-party ecommerce websites.

GMV from GigaCloud 3P and GigaCloud 1P together make up our GigaCloud Marketplace GMV, and GMV from off-platform ecommerce and GigaCloud Marketplace GMV together make up our total GMV across the platforms. These three revenue streams complement each other to improve our value proposition to sellers and buyers in our GigaCloud Marketplace. Noble House primarily contributes product revenues to our off-platform ecommerce revenue streams, while Wondersign primarily contributes service revenues from its catalog subscription services, and other product revenues from the sales of its Catalog Kiosk display units.

The GigaCloud Marketplace, our global B2B ecommerce platform, integrates everything from product discovery to payments to logistics tools into one easy-to-use platform. Sellers and buyers from our targeted markets around the world leverage our cross-border fulfillment network, which is optimized for large parcel products, in order to trade with each other while saving costs. Underpinned by a network of strategically placed warehouses and supply chain capabilities, our marketplace is designed to simplify and mitigate logistics and inventory requirements for both our sellers and buyers.

Through GigaCloud 3P, we derive service revenues through the various activities of sellers and buyers in our GigaCloud Marketplace, which result in revenues from platform commission, ocean transportation service, warehousing service, last-mile delivery service, packaging service and others. When a seller and buyer enter into a transaction in GigaCloud Marketplace, we generate revenues from platform commission by earning a percentage commission depending on the transaction value. The standard commission ranges between 1% and 5% depending on the size of the transaction. We charge fees for ocean transportation services such as delivery of products via ocean and other modes of transportation, warehousing fees in connection with the storage of products in our warehouses, and last-mile delivery fees if the buyer requires last-mile delivery services. We also charge packaging fees in connection with merchandise that we pack and ship. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, from time to time, when we had excess fulfillment capacity, we utilized such excess fulfillment capacity and our extensive logistics network to offer third-party logistics services to customers to help fulfill their large parcel transportation needs. Given the growth of our marketplace, moving forward, we expect to use our fulfillment capacity predominantly for GigaCloud Marketplace customers, only offering separate third-party logistics services to optimize utilization. As we continue to grow our GigaCloud Marketplace, we expect to dedicate our logistics capacity to products sold on our own marketplace, and will opportunistically provide third-party logistics services when there is excess capacity within our network.

Through GigaCloud 1P, we further enhance our marketplace experience by selling our own inventory. Our 1P business creates more products for buyers, gives us insights into seller needs, provides us with proprietary data and increases the velocity of sales in our marketplace. Our GigaCloud 1P business generates revenues from product sales.

Off-platform Ecommerce

In addition to facilitating transactions in our GigaCloud Marketplace, we also procure highly rated products directly from manufacturers and sell them directly to and through third-party websites such as Rakuten, Amazon, Walmart, Wayfair, Home Depot and OTTO as part of our off-platform ecommerce business. Off-platform ecommerce sales deepen our relationships with sellers and provide us with proprietary data. Our off-platform ecommerce business generates revenues from product sales to both end customers and third-party ecommerce websites.

Segment

For the purpose of internal reporting and management's operation review, we do not segregate our business by revenue stream or geography. Our management has determined that our company has one operating segment. See Note 2, Segment Reporting, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

Sellers and Buyers

In 2021, 2022 and 2023, GigaCloud Marketplace had 382, 560 and 815 active 3P sellers, respectively, and 3,566, 4,156 and 5,010 active buyers, respectively. Sellers in our marketplace are typically manufacturers based in Asia, who are able to leverage our supply chain capabilities to establish overseas sales channels without having to invest in their own logistics, as well as decouple from intermediaries. The buyers in our marketplace are typically resellers based in the U.S., Asia and Europe that procure products at wholesale prices and subsequently sell on third-party B2C platforms.

We enter into open-ended framework agreements, terminable by notice from either party, with the manufacturers that act as 3P sellers in our GigaCloud Marketplace that entitle us to a commission on sales, as well as warehousing and logistics fees for storage and shipping across our network. The standard commission ranges between 1% and 5% depending on the size of the transaction. The buyers, or resellers, in our GigaCloud Marketplace must agree to our standard terms in order to maintain an account and place orders on our platform.

We believe that as more manufacturers join our marketplace as sellers, more resellers will join our marketplace as buyers. Our GigaCloud 1P and off-platform ecommerce business accelerate this virtuous cycle by adding sellers and buyers into our ecosystem.

Our Value Proposition to Sellers

We lower the barriers to entry for sellers in our marketplace so that they are able to quickly gain access to the key global markets in which we operate, including the U.S., the U.K., Germany, Japan and Canada. Sellers can directly connect with resellers in our marketplace and leverage our supply chain capabilities to establish overseas sales channels without having to invest in their own logistics infrastructure. We manage the entire logistics process from the moment the product leaves the factory floor, and simplify the process by offering a flat rate program for shipping and handling. Leveraging our algorithm, we determine when and where to ship a product, reduce the amount of time a product is handled and select the most effective delivery mechanism for the product. Sellers are able to leverage our warehouse space, which we charge on a per cubic foot per day basis, in order to increase warehouse utilization rates and reduce cost. Our platform provides multiple channels through which sellers can sell their products, enhancing their inventory turnover rate and increasing their profitability. Many of the sellers operating in our GigaCloud Marketplace were originally suppliers of our inventory that later joined the GigaCloud Marketplace as 3P sellers.

We also offer an on-site service for U.S. sellers who have their own warehouses to sell in our GigaCloud Marketplace by directly delivering products to end customers using our logistics and transportation network without the need to relocate inventory from their own warehouses to our warehouses. Our on-site service provides an attractive way for U.S. sellers to distribute products, as well as driving the increases in both the number of sellers and our GigaCloud Marketplace GMV.

In October 2022, we unveiled our private domain feature for sellers on our B2B GigaCloud Marketplace. Users of GigaCloud Marketplace can now share their products with existing or potential customers via a personal GigaCloud web-hosted platform. As a value-added service, this private domain is designed to provide marketplace sellers the flexibility of sharing all their listings available in the GigaCloud Marketplace without customers viewing the products from other sellers. Buyers (i.e., resellers) will be required to sign up for a GigaCloud Marketplace account in order to view the products and prices set by sellers on such private domain. However, buyers will not be able to see the product listings or prices offered by other sellers if buyers log into GigaCloud Marketplace under the account from the private domain. The private domain service provides an organized platform for sellers to integrate their distribution channels into one easy-to-use website.

Our Value Proposition to Buyers

Our marketplace offers one-stop-shop logistics solutions for a broad catalog of large parcel products sourced globally. We offer virtual warehousing and multiple fulfillment solutions including cloud courier, cloud wholesale fulfillment, white glove and drop shipping solutions, so that buyers do not need to manage physical order fulfillment. With 33 large-scale warehouses strategically positioned in key markets around the world, we have the capability to reach over 90% of customers in the lower 48 states in the U.S. within an average of three days of delivery time. Our solution effectively minimizes inventory risk for buyers and allows them to reach customers across geographies at an affordable price.

We also provide buyers the option to pre-sell products through their own channels before placing an order in GigaCloud Marketplace. This significantly reduces buyers’ working capital needs and allows them to scale more efficiently.

Logistics Network and Value-added Services

Warehousing Network

We have set up our local infrastructure in the U.S. strategically such that we are close to ports and customers, shortening delivery time to the end customers. As of December 31, 2023, we have four key operating centers in California, Georgia, New Jersey and Texas, covering 24 warehouses and seven ports of destination in the U.S., totaling over 7.4 million square feet. Among the warehouses in the U.S., six were acquired from Noble House, totaling approximately 2.4 million square feet. Outside the U.S., we have two warehouses and two ports of destination in the U.K., two warehouse and two port of destination in Germany, four warehouses and one port of destination in Japan, and one warehouse and one port of destination in Canada through the Noble House acquisition, all together totaling over 0.7 million square feet.

On March 9, 2024, one of our warehouses in Japan, suffered damages due to a warehouse fire. While we are still evaluating the impact caused by the warehouse fire, we estimated approximately $1.8 million in damages with respect to the cost of our inventory held at the warehouse. We have insurance coverage associated with the damages to the inventory and warehouse equipment. Furthermore, we have a total of four warehouses in Japan and we have shifted our warehouse operations in Japan to the other three warehouses to minimize any disruptions to our operations in Japan.

We use AI and data analytics to determine optimal distribution of inventory among our warehouses under a unified warehouse management system and provide a virtual warehousing solution for sellers and buyers in our marketplace. Our AI-powered warehousing management system solves the many practical problems faced by sellers and buyers in connection with complex, cross-border transactions involving large parcel goods.

Transportation Network

Upon delivery of goods from suppliers, we engage our extensive shipping network consisting of major ocean transportation providers covering 13 ports of destination with approximately 17,000 annual containers, and a trucking network in partnership with major trucking and freight service providers. We also utilize shipping and delivery services from major carrier such as Fedex, UPS and other service providers to supplement our transportation network and shipping requirements.

We provide last-mile delivery of bulk merchandise (over 150 pounds) and installation services to end customers, which we self-operate. These services are available in nine metro markets in the U.S., and we plan to expand coverage to other key metro markets. We also utilize a network of delivery providers for last-mile delivery throughout the U.S. and other markets. We enter into agreements with the trucking and freight service providers we partner with for terms of three to five years, during which they provide their services to us at certain tiered discounts depending on the volume we achieve, which we have the option of renegotiating if we exceed anticipated volumes.

Sourcing Network

We have 149 employees in mainland China, Vietnam and Malaysia who source products from manufacturers throughout Asia. This helps accelerate the supply on our GigaCloud Marketplace and attract buyers that lack the network and sourcing capabilities that we have to our marketplace. In addition, we buy inventory from these suppliers for our off-platform ecommerce. As of December 31, 2023, we sourced merchandise from more than 1,000 suppliers for our GigaCloud 1P and off-platform ecommerce.

The chart below summarizes our sourcing network described above as of December 31, 2023:

Marketplace Transactions

Our GigaCloud Marketplace enables suppliers and buyers to transact with each other, including setting their own optional and customizable margin and rebate offerings. We charge a fee for each transaction in our GigaCloud Marketplace based on the transaction value and shipping fees. We also sell 1P products directly on GigaCloud Marketplace.

1P Pricing

For our 1P sales, our pricing team approaches pricing scientifically and algorithmically, by applying data and analytics to set our pricing. We use data on competitive behavior, historical sales, seasonality and inventory levels to appropriately price our products. We also engage in market research and branding analysis, as well as taking into account our estimated costs in order to control our margins. We believe our technological skills and capabilities enable us to offer competitive prices for our products.

Payment

We provide our customers with a number of payment options including bank transfers, online payments with credit cards and debit cards issued by major banks, and payment through major third-party online payment platforms, such as Alipay, Payoneer and others. Our customers can also use account balances in our GigaCloud Marketplace accumulated from deposits or prior refunds to make future purchases.

1P Inventory Management

We believe we have one of the industry-leading large parcel inventory turnover rates for our own inventory of 77 days for 2023, 71 days for 2022 and 65 days in 2021. We use AI and data science to help with inventory management, including deciding when to place orders and in what quantities. Our 1P products in 2023 included furniture, accounting for more than 92.0% of GigaCloud Marketplace GMV, fitness equipment, accounting for approximately 3.0% of GigaCloud Marketplace GMV, and various other products including outdoor garden equipment, luggage, pet products and others accounting for approximately 5.0% of GigaCloud Marketplace GMV.

Warranties and Refunds

For 1P products procured and sold in the GigaCloud Marketplace, we provide 90-day warranties.

For defective products sold in our GigaCloud Marketplace, our product managers determine refunds based on evidence provided by the buyer, such as pictures, screenshots and emails. We initially provide eligible refunds to the buyer, then recover the amount refunded from the suppliers under our purchase agreements. We do not offer exchange or return policies due to the nature of the large parcel merchandise sold in our marketplace.

Precision Software Platform and Technology Infrastructure

We have an in-house team of over 260 IT personnel. We also have personnel who worked to build our own GigaCloud Marketplace and AI algorithms from scratch, which gives us full control over our source code. We have developed our platform to be scalable as our business expands and interoperable with external systems through an open API.

We also gather talents from various departments to perform our research and development functions, including engineering, programming, data analytics, and product development personnel responsible for the design, development, and testing of our GigaCloud Marketplace. As of December 31, 2023, we have approximately 280 employees who contributed to our research and development functions.

AI Algorithm and Data Analysis

Our in-house reinforcement learning algorithms are built to optimize our inventory management across our multiple warehouses around the world, analyzing historical data to determine how to manage our inventory and even where to establish our next warehouse. Our algorithm also accounts for the fragility of certain types of inventory and reduces the number of times a product is moved. Each time a product is handled, there is an increased chance of damage, and our algorithm helps to reduce this inherent risk when handling inventory in the home furnishing industry.

We also create sales analytics and provide them to our sellers for a fee. The services provide meaningful value to our sellers bringing products to new markets and support a high retention rate. Additionally, we leverage the data collected on each seller’s inventory, sales history and performance to establish a credit profile under our supply chain financing program.

Trading Platform

We have built a cross-border ecommerce trading platform based upon three layers—(i) our foundation layer, which consists of basic services such as single login system access, micro-service management system and data synchronization/back services, as well as a financial management module including financial statement, accounting and settlement systems, (ii) our service layer, which includes our stock management system, warehouse management system and bulk merchandise transportation system, and (iii) our application layer, which consists of a variety of customer-facing value-added features.

Our foundation layer provides the basic security features for our logistics business by segregating basic functions as individual services in order to maximize our flexibility and scalability. Our service layer drives our day-to-day operations, including key support systems such as:

•our ERP Stock Management System, a system capable of gathering and processing orders and procurement and delivery management data to allow for real-time, dynamic stock management as well as technical support for the business development of ecommerce companies;

•our Warehouse Management System, a warehouse management system with server-side management software and mobile scanning application, used in day-to-day inventory management operations including storage, receiving and shipping of bulky goods;

•our Delivery Resource Plan System, a white glove order delivery system consolidating orders from various channels both domestically and abroad, and integrating with foreign logistics providers to provide a unified system in order to support our multiple logistics models such as drop shipping, door-to-door pickup, cloud delivery and Walmart-S2S, fulfilling the highest standards of overseas ecommerce logistics such as SFP and FBA Onsite; and

•our Giga Bulk Merchandise Transportation System, a system for real-time, dynamic management of inventory through order management, returns management, transfer management and fleet distribution management.

Key features of our application layer include our B2B Inbound Supply Chain Management Module, B2B trading platform (GigaCloud Marketplace), multi-channel global order management module and GigaCloud’s B2B Peripheral System. The goal of these customer-facing applications is to mimic the real-life transactions that sellers and buyers are used to seeing. Our suite of applications cover a full range of capabilities, from sourcing management, inbound management, trade and settlement management, hybrid/complex trading management, search and recommendation management and financial reporting requirements. We offer a user-friendly platform for users to have a holistic view of their business from beginning to end. To support external service providers, we also adopt an open API to allow integration with all major software protocols.

Network Infrastructure

We designed our data and network infrastructure for scalability and reliability to support the rapid user base growth in our marketplace. As of December 31, 2023, we have more than 320 servers hosted in five Internet data centers in the U.S., mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan and Europe, which contribute significantly to the scale and reliability of our services. Due to the use of cloud computing technology, the amount of bandwidth we lease is flexibly expandable to handle a surge in the number of concurrent users in the GigaCloud Marketplace at peak times.

Sales and Marketing

We are committed to building a leading global trade service provider, powering our B2B GigaCloud platform in providing online and offline integrated cross-border transaction and delivery services for furniture and large merchandise. We employ a variety of methods to promote our services and attract potential customers, merchants and other platform participants. After the acquisition of Wondersign, we offer digital catalog services for suppliers and sellers to display their full range of products in the traditional brick-and-mortar stores to enhance the sales services. As of December

31, 2023, we also have a sales team consisting of 190 sales representatives in locations around the world who source products for our product sales as well as bring in resellers and manufacturers to our GigaCloud Marketplace.

Customer Service and Support

Our customer service team consists of 64 customer service representatives based in China and the U.S. as of December 31, 2023. Our representatives are available seven days a week by phone, email and live chat. By helping customers navigate our sites, answering their questions and completing their orders, this team helps us build trust with customers, build our brand awareness, enhance our reputation and drive sales.

Seasonality

See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation—Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations—Seasonality.”

Risk Management and Compliance

Platform Monitoring

Preserving the integrity of our GigaCloud Marketplace is a primary focus of our operations. We employ a dedicated team that monitors transactions in our marketplace to identify abnormal or fraudulent activity, such as large deviations in pricing, abuse of our flat rate shipping policy and counterfeit products, as well as general complaints submitted in our marketplace. We limit the activities of sellers and buyers who have historically been involved in fraudulent transactions in our marketplace, and for particularly egregious violations, we reserve the right to refuse service and demand the removal of a seller’s inventory where applicable. We also have dynamic password protection and real-time login activity monitoring to further authenticate sellers and buyers in our marketplace.

We strictly enforce our anti-fraud and prevention of misuse measures. For example, we require our customers to provide identification documents such as identification cards and business licenses to authenticate their identity and require them to enter a passcode for the electronics to prevent fraud. We also do not show the prices of products sold in our marketplace without users registering and logging onto the system to ensure that only registered sellers and buyers transact in a fair and secure marketplace.

Product Quality and Safety

In addition to purchasing product liability insurance for our 1P products, we have established a unified product inspection system for products sold in our 1P business to ensure product quality and safety. Our inspection standards include packaging drop tests, box marking printing accuracy checks, product color checks, packaging and product dimensions, assembly, packaging details and packaging images. We also actively monitor the products listed in our GigaCloud Marketplace to proactively identify and remove suspicious listings or potentially counterfeit products. We take a broad range of measures to prevent counterfeit products in our marketplace to protect the sellers and buyers in our marketplace, including actively identifying and taking down counterfeit products and providing complaint channels for sellers and buyers to report infringement. If allegations of counterfeit goods or fraudulent transactions are verified, we may take various actions including immediate delisting of the relevant products, arranging for the seller to reimburse the buyer and imposing restrictions on the seller’s ability to list new products or participate in promotional activities in our marketplace. We also cooperate with brands and judicial authorities in connection with investigations into violations of intellectual property.

While we maintain a “zero-tolerance” policy for counterfeit goods and fraudulent transactions in our marketplace, we also protect sellers in our marketplace from false allegations and fictitious complaints, with procedures in place to verify allegations and complaints, and we allow sellers who have been accused of selling counterfeit products or engaging in fraudulent transactions up to two days to refute allegations and provide evidence of the authenticity of their products and transactions.

Data Privacy and Security

We collect a vast amount of data that are related to our business. We are committed to protecting the privacy and security of such data. We have established and implemented a platform-wide policy on data collection, processing and usage. We have adopted data protection policies designed to help maintain the security of proprietary and sensitive data, and employed a data security team of engineers and technicians who support our efforts to protect such data. To help promote data security and mitigate the risk of data leakage, we require each department to assign a dedicated individual to oversee data protection and confidentiality, place restrictions on connecting internal local computers to external storage media and network sharing, implement certain measures with respect to the control of confidential information designed to prevent copying, transferring and third-party access without prior authorization, and implement certain standards for off-site data backup and retrieval. We have a data management department to supervise our data privacy and protection policies and procedures and investigate and address possible threats or weaknesses. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Our failure or the failure of third-party service providers on which we rely to protect our marketplace, networks and systems against cybersecurity incidents, or otherwise to protect our confidential information, could damage our reputation and substantially harm our business and operating results” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We are subject to stringent and changing privacy laws, regulations and standards as well as contractual obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our reputation, subject us to significant fines and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business or prospects.”

Competition

In connection with our GigaCloud Marketplace, we compete with other ecommerce platforms on which sellers and buyers trade merchandise, particularly large parcel items. For 1P, the market for the online goods that we sell is highly competitive, fragmented and rapidly changing. We compete with other similar wholesalers.

While ecommerce has been embraced by sellers and buyers around the world, the ecommerce market for large parcel items such as furniture and fitness equipment remains under penetrated due to the logistics challenges presented by large parcel items. Ecommerce poses high capital requirements for overhead expenditures to support business operations throughout the value chain, including the costs for establishing IT facilities, procuring products from upper-tier suppliers, renting and running warehouses, acquiring new users, as well as related logistics costs for delivery of products. Carrying out ecommerce business involves multiple technology capabilities, including but not limited to cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence to create competitive advantages in business operations.

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property, including any trademarks, copyrights, trade dress, trade secrets and technologies, is an important part of our business. Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property and proprietary protection for our technology, defend and enforce our intellectual property rights, preserve the confidentiality of our trade secrets, and operate without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating valid and enforceable intellectual property and proprietary rights of others. To protect our intellectual property and proprietary information, we rely on a combination of trademark, copyright and trade secret laws and regulations, as well as contractual restrictions. We seek to protect our technology, in part, by requiring our employees, consultants, contractors and other third parties to execute confidentiality agreements and by implementing technological measures and other methods.

We pursue the registration of our trademarks, including “GIGACLOUD LOGISTICS” and “大健云仓” and certain variations thereon, copyrights and domain names in the U.S., China and certain foreign jurisdictions. We also acquired valuable intangible assets from the acquisitions of Noble House and Wondersign. As of December 31, 2023, we own 28 registered U.S. trademarks, 47 registered PRC trademarks, six registered Hong Kong trademarks, 41 registered foreign trademarks and 83 U.S. and foreign copyright registrations, primarily covering the software we have designed. We also rely on the protection of laws regarding unregistered copyrights for our software and certain other content we create. We will continue to evaluate the merits of applying for copyright registrations in the future. We also own 84 registered domain names. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.”

Insurance

We maintain certain insurance policies to safeguard us against risks and unexpected events, including property damage and fire damages, as well as certain liability insurance for our warehouses, insurance coverage over goods in transit, employers’ insurance, product liability and commercial insurance. However, we do not maintain business interruption insurance, cybersecurity insurance or general third-party liability insurance, nor do we maintain key-man life insurance. We believe that we maintain insurance coverage in relation to our business that is customary for our industry.

Government Regulations

Our business is subject to foreign and domestic laws and regulations applicable to companies conducting business on the Internet. Jurisdictions vary as to how, or whether, existing laws governing areas such as personal privacy and data security, consumer protection or sales and other taxes, among other areas, apply to the Internet and ecommerce, and these laws are continually evolving. For example, certain applicable privacy laws and regulations require us to provide customers with our policies on sharing information with third parties and notice of any material changes to these policies. Related laws may govern the manner in which we collect, store, use, process, disclose or transfer sensitive information, or impose obligations on us in the event of a cybersecurity incident or inadvertent disclosure of such information. International jurisdictions impose different, and sometimes more stringent, consumer and privacy protections. Additionally, tax regulations in jurisdictions where we do not currently collect state or local taxes may subject us to the obligation to collect and remit such taxes, or to additional taxes, or to requirements intended to assist jurisdictions with their tax collection efforts. New legislation or regulations, the application of laws from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently apply to our business, or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet and ecommerce generally could result in significant additional taxes on our business. Further, we could be subject to fines or other payments for any past failures to comply with these requirements. The continued growth and demand for ecommerce are likely to result in more laws and regulations that impose additional compliance burdens on ecommerce companies. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Government regulation of the Internet and ecommerce in the U.S. and globally is evolving, and unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with these regulations could substantially harm our business and results of operations.” And “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We are subject to stringent and changing privacy laws, regulations and standards as well as contractual obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our reputation, subject us to significant fines and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business or prospects.”

In addition, jurisdictions vary as to how, and whether, existing laws governing areas such as personal privacy and data security, consumer protection or sales and other taxes, among other areas, apply to the Internet and ecommerce, and these laws are continually evolving. For example, certain applicable privacy laws and regulations require us to provide customers with our policies on sharing information with third parties and advance notice of any changes to these policies. Related laws may govern the manner in which we collect, store, use, process, disclose or transfer sensitive information, or impose obligations on us in the event of a cybersecurity incident or inadvertent disclosure of such information. International jurisdictions impose different, and sometimes more stringent, consumer and privacy protections. In the European Union, or the EU, and the U.K., the General Data Protection Regulation, or the EU GDPR, and the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018 or collectively, the U.K. GDPR (the EU GDPR and U.K. GDPR together referred to as the GDPR), imposes stringent privacy, data protection and information security requirements, which include expanded requirements to disclose to data subjects how their personal data is used and increased rights for data subjects to access, control and delete their personal data. Furthermore, there are mandatory data breach notification requirements. Since we are under the supervision of relevant data protection authorities in both the European Economic Area, or EEA, and the U.K., we may be fined under both the EU GDPR and U.K. GDPR for the same breach. Penalties for certain breaches are up to the greater of €20 million/GBP 17.5 million or 4% of global turnover for the preceding financial year. We are also subject to evolving EU and U.K. privacy laws on cookies, tracking technologies and e-marketing. Recent European court and regulator decisions are driving increased attention to cookies and similar tracking technologies. In the EU and U.K., informed consent is required for the placement of certain cookies or similar tracking technologies on an individual’s device and for direct electronic marketing. Consent is tightly defined and includes a prohibition on pre-checked consents and a requirement to obtain separate consents for each type of cookie or similar technology.

On November 16, 2022, the Digital Services Act, or the DSA, came into force in the EU. The majority of the substantive provisions of the DSA have taken effect on February 17, 2024. The DSA governs, among other things, the potential liability for illegal services or content on the platform, obligations around traceability of business users, and requires enhanced transparency measures, including in relation to any recommendation systems (including the main parameters used by such systems and any available options for recipients to modify or influence them). In particular, the obligations to diligence the services offered on the platform could require significant additional resource. Pursuant to applicable regulations, including the GDPR, we maintain policies concerning the collection, processing, use and retention of information, including personal data. In the U.S., we are subject to federal and state laws and regulations regarding privacy and information security. California also enacted legislation, the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, which affords consumers expanded privacy protections. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. On November 3, 2020, California voters approved a new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act, or the CPRA, which significantly modifies the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain personal information and creating a new state agency to oversee implementation and enforcement efforts. Since the enactment of the CCPA, new privacy and data security laws have been enacted or proposed in more than half of the states in the U.S. and in the U.S. Congress, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the U.S. In the PRC, the PRC government has started to tighten the regulation of the storage, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of personal information and general data and outbound data transfer. The Cybersecurity Law became effective in June 2017 and requires network operators to follow the principles of legitimacy in collecting and using personal information. The Data Security Law became effective in September 2021, which provides a national data security review system, under which data processing activities that affect or may affect national security shall be reviewed. Furthermore, the Personal Information Protection Law became effective in November 2021, which regulates data processing in China, and the protection of the privacy and personal information of Chinese citizens. We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, and we cannot determine the impact that such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We are subject to stringent and changing privacy laws, regulations and standards as well as contractual obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our reputation, subject us to significant fines and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business or prospects.”

Additionally, tax regulations in jurisdictions where we do not currently collect state or local taxes may subject us to the obligation to collect and remit such taxes, or to additional taxes, or to requirements intended to assist jurisdictions with their tax collection efforts. New legislation or regulations, the application of laws from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently apply to our business, or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet and ecommerce generally could result in significant additional taxes on our business. Further, we could be subject to fines or other payments for any past failures to comply with these requirements. The continued growth and demand for ecommerce are likely to result in more laws and regulations that impose additional compliance burdens on ecommerce companies.

Environmental Regulation

Our operations are subject to various foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with current or future environmental, health or safety laws or to obtain and comply with permits required under such laws, could subject us to liability, damage our reputation and require costly investigative, remedial or corrective actions. We may in the future incur expenditures relating to compliance and risk mitigation efforts, releases of hazardous materials, investigative, remedial or corrective actions, claims by third parties and other environmental issues, and such expenditures, individually or in the aggregate, could be significant.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, we had 680, 764 and 1,362 full-time equivalent employees, respectively. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good. Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, and incentivizing our management team and our employees and consultants. The principal purpose of our share incentive plan is to promote our success and shareholder value by attracting, motivating and retaining selected employees and other eligible participants through the awards. The following tables show a breakdown of our employees by department and by geographic location as of December 31, 2023:

(1) Includes Vietnam and Malaysia.

(2) Includes Canada, Germany, Japan and the U.K.

Corporate Information

We incorporated Oriental Standard Human Resources Holdings Limited, our holding company, as an exempt company in the Cayman Islands with limited liability on August 29, 2006. Effective February 28, 2021, our holding company’s name was changed from Oriental Standard Human Resources Holdings Limited to GigaCloud Technology Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 4388 Shirley Avenue, El Monte, CA 91731, USA. Our telephone number at this address is 626-912-8886. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited at PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. Our corporate website is https://www.gigacloudtech.com/. The information on our website should not be deemed to be part of this annual report and is not incorporated by reference in this annual report or in any other filings we make with the SEC.

Available Information

We make available on or through our website certain reports and amendments to those reports that we file with or furnish to the SEC in accordance with the Exchange Act. These include our annual reports on Form 10-K (and previously on Form 20-F), our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and our current reports on Form 8-K (and previously on Form 6-K), and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. We make this information available on or through our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains a website atwww.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding us that we filed electronically with the SEC. The information in or accessible through the SEC are not incorporated into, and are not considered part of, this annual report unless specified. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

History and Development of the Company

On August 29, 2006, we incorporated Oriental Standard Human Resources Holdings Limited, our holding company, as an exempt company in the Cayman Islands with limited liability. We began our ecommerce business in Japan in 2010 through our wholly-owned subsidiary, GigaCloud Technology (Japan) Co. Ltd (formerly known as Oriental

Standard Japan Co., Ltd). We expanded to the U.K. in 2013 through our former consolidated VIE, B.T.M TRAVEL AND TRADING LTD, and further expanded to the U.S. through our acquisition of COMPTREE INC. in 2014. COMPTREE INC. was renamed as GIGACLOUD TECHNOLOGY (USA) INC. in July 2021. In January 2019, we launched our ecommerce platform, GigaCloud Marketplace, through our Hong Kong Subsidiary, GigaCloud Technology (HongKong) Limited (formerly known as Giga Cloud Logistics (Hong Kong) Limited). As our marketplace and our ecommerce business continue to grow, we believe it is important to have a name for our holding company that is more representative of our businesses. Effective February 28, 2021, our holding company’s name was changed from Oriental Standard Human Resources Holdings Limited to GigaCloud Technology Inc.

On August 22, 2022, we completed our initial public offering of 3,381,000 Class A ordinary shares, including the additional shares sold pursuant to the over-allotment option which we granted to the underwriter. On August 18, 2022, we listed our Class A ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “GCT.”

In July 2023, we determined that we ceased to qualify as a “foreign private issuer” as of June 30, 2023, being the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Starting on January 1, 2024, we are subject to the same reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to domestic U.S. companies, and we will be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q, as applicable, as well as filing current reports on Form 8-K.

In October 2023, we completed the acquisition of Noble House, a leading B2B distributor of indoor and outdoor home furnishings, for an aggregate consideration of approximately $77.6 million. GigaCloud Trading Inc. holds the assets acquired from the Noble House acquisition.

In November 2023, we completed the acquisition of a 100% equity interest of Wondersign, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $10.0 million. Wondersign is a cloud-based interactive digital signage and e-catalog management SaaS company headquartered in Tampa, Florida.

Regarding our capital expenditure and the financing, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Resources.”

Organizational Structure

Corporate Structure

GigaCloud Technology Inc is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands that does not have substantive operations. As of the date of this annual report, we conduct our business operations across 29 subsidiaries, among those, 16 of which are our principal subsidiaries. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had four consolidated VIEs. We also have two equity incentive trusts which are treated as consolidated VIEs under U.S. GAAP. All of our consolidated VIEs contributed an aggregate of 10.7%, 6.5% and 4.1% to our total assets as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. All of our consolidated VIEs contributed an aggregate of 11.5%, 14.4% and 10.6% to our revenues in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of the date of this annual report, we have completed our corporate restructure by acquiring 100% equity interests in the VIEs, which then became our wholly owned subsidiaries. Our corporate structure currently does not contain any VIEs.

The chart below shows our corporate structure and identifies our principal subsidiaries described above as of the date of this annual report:

(1)GigaCloud Trading Inc. holds the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the Noble House acquisition.