Finwise Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 –Business, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business and Organization –FinWise Bancorp is a Utah bank holding company headquartered in Murray, Utah and operates all business activities through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, FinWise Bank (“Bank”) and FinWise Investment, LLC. The Bank provides a full range of banking services to individual and commercial customers and provides banking and payments solutions to fintech brands. As a technology-focused bank, the Bank also has established Strategic Programs with various third-party platforms that use technology to streamline the origination of consumer and business loans and process payments. FinWise Investment, LLC’s purpose is to hold and manage private investments made by the Company and the Bank.

References to “FinWise Bancorp,” “Bancorp” or the “holding company,” refer to FinWise Bancorp on a standalone basis. References to the “Company” refer to FinWise Bancorp, FinWise Bank, and FinWise Investment, LLC collectively and on a consolidated basis.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all the adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair statement of the consolidated financial condition and the consolidated results of operations for the periods presented have been included. The results of operations and other data presented for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for subsequent periods or the full year results. The consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2025 was derived from audited financial statements; however, the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the annual disclosures required by GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Reclassifications – Certain reclassifications have been made to the consolidated financial statements to align them with the current period’s presentation. These adjustments did not have a material impact on the previously reported consolidated financial statements. The Company reclassified specific assets and liabilities from individual line items on the balance sheet to “other assets” or “other liabilities.” Corresponding amounts from prior periods have also been reclassified to ensure consistency with the current period’s presentation. Management evaluated these changes and concluded that the amounts involved were not significant enough to warrant separate disclosure.

Use of Estimates – In preparing the interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets and certain revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ, either positively or negatively, from those estimates.

Stock Repurchase Program – On May 21, 2026, the Company announced that its Board of Directors (the “Board”) had authorized a common stock repurchase program, effective as of May 19, 2026, to purchase up to 685,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate. The repurchase program authorizes the repurchase by the Company of its common stock in open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or privately negotiated transactions. Repurchases could also be made pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, which would permit shares to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or other regulatory restrictions. The Share Repurchase Committee, designated by the Board of Directors, will have sole discretion in determining the timing, number, and value of any shares repurchased, taking into account factors such as the market price and trading volume of the Company's common stock, general market and economic conditions, the Company's capital needs, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares and may be limited or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion without notice. Since commencement of the repurchase program, the Company had repurchased a total of 29,736 shares for $0.4 million at an average price of $14.15 per share as of June 30, 2026 and retired them at cost.

Segment Reporting – As further described in Note 14, Segments, during the third quarter of 2025, the Company implemented segment reporting following the completion of a technology initiative to capture segment-specific financial data and develop reports used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to review the Company’s financial performance and determine how to allocate resources. The Company established three reportable segments: traditional banking, banking as a service (“BaaS”) and treasury and administration. For periods prior to July 1, 2025, the Company operated underone operating segment, consistent with the information that was presented to the Company’s CODM.

Note 2 –Investments

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale, at Fair Value

The Company’s available-for-sale (“AFS”) investment portfolio consists of U.S. Treasury securities. The Company reports debt securities AFS on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of investment securities AFS as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, are summarized as follows:

The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities AFS at June 30, 2026, by contractual maturity:

At June 30, 2026, debt securities AFS with a fair value of$27.5 million were pledged as collateral for a credit line held by the Bank. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities AFS totaled$0.5 million and$0.5 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and was included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity, at Cost

The Company's held-to-maturity (“HTM”) investment portfolio consists of agency mortgage-backed securities and agency collateralized mortgage obligations. The Company reports debt securities HTM on the Company's consolidated balance sheets at carrying value which is amortized cost. The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair values of the Company’s debt securities HTM at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost and estimated market value of debt securities HTM at June 30, 2026, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

At June 30, 2026, HTM debt securities with a book value of$8.9 million were pledged as collateral for a credit line held by the Bank.

Credit Quality Indicators & Allowance for Credit Losses - HTM and AFS

For debt securities HTM and AFS, the Company evaluates the credit risk of its securities on at least a quarterly basis. The Company estimates expected credit losses on debt securities HTM and AFS on a collective basis by major security type. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities HTM and AFS is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there wasno ACL related to debt securities HTM or AFS as the portfolio consists of U.S. government-issued or guaranteed agency securities considered to have minimal credit risk.

The Company hadeighteen securities, consisting ofeight collateralized mortgage obligations andten mortgage-backed securities in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2026 andseventeen securities, consisting of eight collateralized mortgage obligations andnine mortgage-backed securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2025. The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of debt securities HTM, aggregated by category and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

There wereno sales or transfers of investment securities andno realized gains or losses on these securities during the six months ended June 30, 2026 or 2025.

FHLB Stock

The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system. As a member, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum level of investment in FHLB stock based on a percentage of the Bank’s previous year-end assets and the Bank’s FHLB advances outstanding. At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Bank owned $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of FHLB stock, which is carried at cost. The Company evaluated the carrying value of its FHLB stock investment at June 30, 2026 and determined that it was not impaired. This evaluation considered the long-term nature of the investment, the current financial and liquidity position of the FHLB, repurchase activity of excess stock by the FHLB at its carrying value, the return on the investment from recurring and special dividends, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold this investment for a period of time sufficient to recover its recorded investment.

Note 3 –Loans

Loans held-for-investment, net – The Company’s loans held-for-investment outstanding by general ledger classification as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, consisted of the following:

The Bank sells participation interests in some loans it originates and may acquire a participation interest in loans originated by others. All reported amounts reflect only the Bank’s ownership interest in the loans.

Strategic Program Loans– The Company originates loans with various third-party loan origination platforms that use technology and other innovative systems to streamline the origination of unsecured and secured consumer and business loans to a wide array of borrowers within certain approved credit profiles. Loans issued by the Company through these programs follow and are limited to specific predetermined underwriting criteria. The Company earns monthly minimum program fees from these third parties. Based on the volume of loans originated by the Company related to each Strategic Program, an additional fee equal to a percentage of the loans generated under the Strategic Program may be collected. The program fee is included within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

The Company generally retains the loans and/or receivables for a number of business days after origination before selling the loans and/or receivables to the Strategic Program provider or another investor. Interest income is earned by the Company while holding the loans. These loans are classified as held-for-sale on the balance sheet and measured at the lower of cost or market.

The Company may choose to retain all or part of the originated loans or receivables, rather than selling them in their entirety. The portion that remains with the Company is classified as held-for-investment on the balance sheet.

The Company is generally the servicer of the loans it originates through Strategic Programs. The Company earns a servicing fee equal to a percentage of the outstanding balance of the loans generated under Strategic Programs for servicing such loans. In turn, the Strategic Program service providers, subject to the Company’s approval and oversight, typically serve as sub-servicer and perform primary servicing duties including loan collections, modifications, charging-off, reporting and monitoring, for which the Company incurs a cost.

Each Strategic Program provider establishes a “reserve” deposit account with the Company to reasonably ensure the strategic programs will have sufficient funds available to purchase the loans. The agreements generally require that the reserve account deposit balance does not fall below an agreed upon dollar or percentage threshold related to the total loans currently outstanding as held-for-saleby the Company for the specific Strategic Program. If necessary, the Company has the right to withdraw amounts from the reserve account to fulfill loan purchaser obligations created under the program agreements. Total cash held in reserve at the Company by Strategic Program providers for loans without credit enhancement at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, was $26.9 million and $53.4 million, respectively.

Strategic Program providers that participate in the Company’s credit enhanced balance sheet program guarantee the credit and fraud losses by maintaining a reserve deposit account with the Bank. This reserve deposit account is intended to protect the Bank by ensuring that sufficient funds are available to cover any credit and fraud losses, and the Strategic Program provider must periodically replenish the account as needed to meet the required balance. Collateral reserve balances associated with the Company’s credit enhanced balance sheet program totaled $5.4 million and $5.4 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Strategic Program loans retained and held-for-sale as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, are summarized as follows:

Allowance for Credit Losses: In determining an appropriate amount for the allowance, the Bank segmented and aggregated the loan portfolio based on the FDIC Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (“Call Report”) codes. These classifications, which in general are based upon the nature of the collateral and type of borrower, are different than the classifications adopted for other financial reporting purposes, which are based upon the proposed use of the loan proceeds. The following pool segments were identified as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 for the purpose of estimating the ACL:

Activity in the ACL by common characteristic loan pools was as follows for the periods indicated:

Nonaccrual and past due loans are summarized below as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

There wasno interest income recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 while loans were classified as nonaccrual. The amount of accrued interest that was reversed against interest income on nonaccrual loans was approximately $31.5 thousand and $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses inherent in loans as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is estimated by management using relevant available information, from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Bank measures expected credit losses for loans on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Generally, collectively assessed loans are grouped by Call Report code and then risk grade grouping.

In addition to past due and nonaccrual status criteria, the Company also evaluates loans using a loan grading system. Internal loan grades are based on current financial information, historical payment experience, and credit documentation, among other factors. Performance-based grades are summarized below:

Pass– A Pass asset is higher quality and does not fit any of the other categories described below. The likelihood of loss is believed to be remote.

Watch– A Watch asset may be a larger loan or one that places a heavier reliance on collateral due to the relative financial strength of the borrower. The assets may be maintenance intensive requiring closer monitoring. The obligor is believed to have an adequate primary source of repayment.

Special Mention– A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that may be temporary or, if left uncorrected, may result in a loss. While concerns exist, the Company believes that it is currently protected against a default and loss is considered unlikely and not imminent.

Substandard– A Substandard asset is believed to be inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have identified weaknesses and are characterized by the possibility that the Company may sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – A doubtful asset has an existing weakness or weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts and conditions, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss – A loss asset has an existing weakness or weaknesses that render the loan uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry as an asset on the Company’s books is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical nor desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.

Not Rated– For Strategic Program loans, the Company does not evaluate and risk rate the loans in the same manner as other loans in the Company’s portfolio. The Not Rated loans are typically homogenous, smaller dollar balances approved using abridged underwriting methods that allow the Company to streamline the loan approval process and increase efficiency. Credit quality for Strategic Program loans is highly correlated with delinquency levels.

The following table presents the amortized cost of the Company's loan and lease portfolio by collateral type, risk rating and origination year as of June 30, 2026, in addition to the gross writeoff by collateral type for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The loans are grouped based on how they are assessed under CECL.

The following table presents the amortized cost of the Company's loan and lease portfolio by collateral type, risk rating and origination year as of December 31, 2025, in addition to the gross writeoff by collateral type for the year ended December 31, 2025. The loans are grouped based on how they are assessed under CECL.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Strategic Program Loans with Credit Enhancement

The Company partners with certain Strategic Program service providers who offer credit enhancement on loans, indemnifying or reimbursing the Bank for credit and fraud losses. In line with GAAP, we estimate and record expected loss provisions for these loans without factoring in the credit enhancement. When these provisions are recorded, a corresponding credit enhancement asset is recognized, reflecting anticipated recoveries under the service provider’s guarantee. Reimbursements are made through a deposit reserve account, which the provider replenishes periodically. The credit enhancement asset is reduced as payments or recoveries are received from the provider or its reserve account. The table below shows the activity in the credit enhancement asset for the periods indicated:

(1)Credit enhancement asset related to loans reclassified following a strategic program provider’s exit from the credit enhancement program.

Modified Loans to Troubled Borrowers

Modified loans to troubled borrowers arise from a modification made to a loan in order to alleviate temporary difficulties in the borrower’s financial condition or constraints on the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, and to minimize potential losses to the Company. GAAP requires that certain types of modifications be reported, which consist of the following: principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension, or any combination of the foregoing.

Modified Loans Held-for-Investment (Excluding Retained Strategic Program Loans)

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025 there were no new material loan modifications to loans held-for-investment, excluding Strategic Program loans which are discussed separately below. There were no payment defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, there was a payment default of $0.2 million on a commercial real estate owner occupied loan to a borrower whose loan was modified due to financial difficulties within the previous twelve months and the loan was placed on nonaccrual status. The loan was paid in full during 2025.

Modified Retained Strategic Program Loans

Retained Strategic Program loans of $144.6 million and $129.8 million as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, consist of personal loans to individuals and loans to businesses. A significant amount of the retained Strategic Program loans are made to subprime borrowers. The subprime borrowers’ ability to repay the loans according to the original loan terms can be compromised by both short-term financial challenges, such as unexpected car repairs or physical injury, and longer-term financial challenges, such as a job loss or more serious injury or illness.

In certain circumstances, some of the Company’s strategic programs will modify the original loan terms to optimize the recovery of principal and interest. The loan modifications may include (1) a delay in payment and extension of the loan term, or (2) accrued interest forgiveness and interest rate and payment reductions. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the balance of outstanding modified loans to individuals in the retained portfolio was approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The Company does not have any obligation to fund additional amounts to the borrowers. If after modification, some or all of the loan is determined to be uncollectible, the full balance determined to be uncollectible is charged off. The amount charged off is included in the Company’s vintage analysis used to estimate the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

Collateral-Dependent Loans

A collateral-dependent loan is a nonaccrual loan for which the Bank relies substantially on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with a loan, the Company considers (1) character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; (2) the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and (3) the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. The loan may become collateral-dependent when foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and its sources of repayment become inadequate over time. At such time, the Company develops an expectation that repayment will be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of the periods indicated:

The amount of collateral-dependent loans as of June 30, 2026 include $19.0 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA.

The amount of collateral-dependent loans as of December 31, 2025 include $23.9 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA.

Note 4 –SBA Servicing Asset, Net

The Company periodically sells the guaranteed portions of SBA loans and retains rights to service the loans. Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of SBA loans serviced for others was $298.9 million and $275.8 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company’s SBA servicing asset is recognized in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes SBA servicing asset, net activity for the periods indicated:

Activity in the valuation allowance for the SBA servicing asset was as follows for the periods indicated:

Recovery or impairment adjustments to servicing rights are mainly due to market-based assumptions associated with discounted cash flows, loan prepayment speeds, and changes in interest rates. A significant change in these assumptions could result in a significant change in the SBA servicing asset carrying amount.

The Company assumed a weighted average prepayment rate of 19.2%, weighted average term of 3.42 years, and a weighted average discount rate of 11.9% at June 30, 2026.

The Company assumed a weighted average prepayment rate of 19.1%, weighted average term of 3.46 years, and a weighted average discount rate of 12.3% at December 31, 2025.

Note 5 –Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and State of Utah banking agencies (the regulators). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weighting, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to the bank holding company.

Beginning January 1, 2020, the Bank qualified and elected to use the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework for quantitative measures which requires the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets. Management believes, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, that the Bank’s capital levels exceed the regulatory floors required to be classified as a well-capitalized bank.

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (there are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category). The following table sets forth the actual capital amounts and ratios for the Bank and the minimum amount and ratio of capital required to be categorized as well-capitalized as of the dates indicated:

Bank Dividends

Federal statute and federal and state regulations and supervisory guidance, as well as prudent capital management practices, limits the dividends that a bank holding company should pay as dividends or other distribution of capital. Generally, dividends should be paid only if the existing capital and future earnings expectations exceeds its current and estimated future capital needs, and payment of such dividend or capital distribution does not compromise the entity’s compliance with the capital rules or the current and future safety and soundness of the holding company or its subsidiary banks. If a subsidiary bank is significantly undercapitalized, or undercapitalized without an acceptable capital restoration plan, regulators may require prior Federal Reserve approval for any dividend or capital distribution.

In addition, since FinWise Bancorp is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and does not conduct stand-alone operations, an ability to pay dividends depends on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to FinWise Bancorp. The FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions (“UDFI”) may, under certain circumstances, prohibit the payment of dividends to FinWise Bancorp from the Bank. Utah corporate law also requires that dividends can only be paid out of funds legally available.

The Company has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock since inception and it does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. However, the Company’s Board of Directors may declare a cash or stock dividend out of retained earnings provided the regulatory capital ratio and other regulatory requirements are met. The Company plans to maintain capital ratios that meet or exceed the well-capitalized standards per the regulations and, therefore, would limit dividends to amounts that are appropriate to maintain those well-capitalized regulatory capital ratios.

Note 6 –Commitments and Contingencies

Federal Home Loan Bank Secured Line of Credit

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Bank’s available line of credit with the FHLB to borrow funds was $10.8 million and $20.5 million, respectively. All borrowings are short-term and the interest rate is equal to the correspondent bank’s daily federal funds purchase rate. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, no amounts were outstanding under the line of credit. Loans totaling $18.0 million and $34.2 million were pledged to secure the FHLB line of credit as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Federal Reserve Bank Lines of Credit

At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Bank had a maximum borrowing capacity of $177.0 million and $193.8 million, respectively, with the FRB, including the secured borrowing capacity through the Discount Window and the Borrower-in-Custody (“BIC”) program, to the extent of collateral pledged. Loans totaling $213.3 million and $235.8 million and securities of $36.4 million and $37.4 million were pledged to secure these lines of credit with the FRB as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company hadno advances outstanding under either program as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Other Lines of Credit

The Bank had an available unsecured line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers’ Bank to borrow up to $10.0 million in overnight funds at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Through Zions Bank, the Bank had an available unsecured line of credit of $5.0 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Bank had an available line of credit with Bankers’ Bank of the West to borrow up to $1.1 million in overnight funds at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Bank hadno outstanding balances on such unsecured or secured lines of credit as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

Commitments to Extend Credit

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has entered into commitments to extend credit to customers which have not yet been exercised. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit in the form of loans and credit card arrangements. Those instruments involve to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets. For credit card customers, the Company reserves the right to modify or terminate the terms and conditions of credit card accounts at its discretion. It is important to note that a significant portion of the Company’s commitments and undrawn credit card lines are not fully utilized by customers, so the total amount of these commitments does not necessarily reflect the Company’s future cash obligations. The Company assesses each customer’s credit profile individually to determine creditworthiness. The Company’s commitments to extend credit as of the periods indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown in the table below do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk were as follows:

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancelable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and is adjusted through a charge to provision for credit loss expense on the consolidated statements of income. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments was $0.7 million and $0.6 million as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Class Action Litigation

In July 2025, the Company notified approximately 600,000 individuals of an alleged data breach in which their personal data was exposed by a former employee following termination of their employment. Subsequently, several class action lawsuits were filed, all of which have been consolidated into a single class action lawsuit in Utah federal court. The Company participated in a pre-discovery mediation with the plaintiffs’ attorneys on March 17, 2026, which resulted in a settlement agreement that was submitted to the court for approval on May 8, 2026. On July 1, 2026 the court preliminarily approved the settlement fund, which, including all fees and expense associated with the proceedings, is expected to be covered in full by the Company’s cyber insurance policy.

Note 7 –Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Option Plans

The Company utilizes stock-based compensation plans, as well as discretionary grants, for employees, directors and consultants to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentives and to promote the success of the Company’s business.

The 2019 Stock Plan (“2019 Plan”) was adopted on June 20, 2019 following approval by the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders. The 2019 Plan will terminate as to future awards 10 years from the later of the effective date or the earlier of the most recent Board or stockholder approval of an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan. On June 25, 2026, the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2019 Plan increasing the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by an additional 750,000 shares to 2,530,000. At June 30, 2026,877,334 shares under the 2019 Plan were available for future issuance.

The 2016 Stock Plan (“2016 Plan”) was adopted on April 20, 2017 following approval by the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders. The 2016 Plan authorizes the issuance of 299,628 common shares. The 2016 Plan will terminate as to future awards 10 years from the later of the effective date or the earlier of the most recent Board or stockholder approval of an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan. At June 30, 2026,3,189 shares under the 2016 Plan were available for future issuance.

The 2019 Plan and the 2016 Plan (collectively, the “Plans”) provide for the issuance of non-statutory stock options and restricted stock to employees, directors and consultants. The Plans also provide for the issuance of incentive stock options only to employees. The stock-based incentive awards for the Plans are granted at an exercise price not less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant in the case of stock options. Restricted stock is valued based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Vesting of the options vary by employee or director and can have a term no more than 10 years, with the options generally having vesting periods ranging from 1 to 5 years. Restricted stock vests over periods ranging from approximately 1 to 5 years. Upon the exercise of stock

options, the Company issues new authorized shares.

Under the Plans, if an award expires or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, or is surrendered pursuant to an exchange program, the unpurchased shares that were subject thereto shall become available for future grant or sale under the Plans. However, shares that have actually been issued under the Plans, or upon exercise of an award, shall not be returned to the Plans and shall not become available for future distribution under the Plans, except that if unvested shares of restricted stock are repurchased by the Company at their original purchase price, such shares shall become available for future grant under the Plans.

Stock Options

The following summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2026:

Restricted Stock

The following summarizes restricted stock activity for the six months ended June 30, 2026:

The total fair value of restricted stock that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $3.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense recognized and income tax benefit for stock-based compensation related to restricted shares:

As of June 30, 2026, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock of approximately $1.7 thousand and $3.5 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average recognition period of 1.2 years and 1.5 years, respectively.

Note 8 –Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures and discloses certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale). GAAP establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. Among other things, the standard requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s estimates for market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy.

Level 1– Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. An active market is a market in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and shall be used to measure fair value whenever available.

Level 2– Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, quoted prices in less active markets for identical or similar instruments, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3– Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation also includes observable inputs from nonbinding single dealer quotes not corroborated by observable market data. In developing Level 3 measurements, management incorporates whatever market data might be available and uses discounted cash flow models where appropriate. These calculations include projections of future cash flows, including appropriate default and loss assumptions, and market-based discount rates.

The estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize at a future date. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. In addition, reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates that must be made given the absence of active secondary markets for many of the financial instruments. This lack of uniform valuation methodologies also introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are deemed to occur at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between fair value levels for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.

The following methods were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments on a recurring basis:

Investment securities available-for-sale: Investment securities available-for-sale consist of U.S. Treasury securities and are carried at fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale using current active market quotes, if available, which are considered Level 1 measurements. Level 1 measurements include securities issued by the U.S. Treasury.

Investment in Business Funding Group, LLC (“ BFG”): The Company’s valuation technique utilized the average of the discounted cash flow method and the Guideline Public Company method. A 4.5% discount for non-voting shares was applied to the valuation to arrive at fair value as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The calculation of fair value utilized significant unobservable inputs, including projected cash flows, growth rates, and discount rates. The Company’s investment in BFG is recognized in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative instruments: The Company’s derivative instruments consist of interest rate swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges. The Company’s derivative instruments are carried at fair value and considered Level 2 measurements. The Company measures fair value of interest rate swaps utilizing market observable inputs, such as forecasted yield curves.

The table below presents the Company's financial instruments valued on a recurring basis at the periods indicated:

The table below presents a reconciliation of the Company’s investment in BFG classified as a Level 3 financial instrument and measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated:

The table below presents the Company’s financial instruments valued on a nonrecurring basis at the periods indicated:

Individually evaluated loans– The loan amount above represents loans individually evaluated that have been adjusted to the lower of cost or fair value. When collateral-dependent loans are individually evaluated, they are measured using the current fair value of the collateral securing these loans, less selling costs. The fair value of real estate collateral is determined using collateral valuations or a discounted cash flow analysis using inputs such as discount rates, sale prices of similar assets, and term of expected disposition. Some appraised values are adjusted based on management’s review and analysis, which may include historical knowledge, changes in market conditions, estimated selling and other anticipated costs, and/or expertise and knowledge. The loss, if any, represents charge-offs on loans when the fair value of the collateral is less than the carrying amount of the loan.

Quantitative information for Level 3 fair value measurements–The following table presents information about quantitative inputs and assumptions used to fair value Level 3 nonrecurring assets as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The range and weighted average of the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value the investment in BFG as of June 30, 2026 and as of December 31, 2025 are shown in the following table:

The tables below present the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial instruments at the periods indicated:

Note 9 –Income Taxes

For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, income tax expense was $0.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, resulting in an effective income tax rate of 24.0% and 24.5%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, income tax expense was $1.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively, resulting in an effective income tax rate of 26.3% and 26.1%, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% during the three months ended June 30, 2026 primarily due to state and local income taxes and certain non-deductible executive compensation.

Note 10 –Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate deposits.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated OCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest on deposits as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate deposits. During the twelve months following June 30, 2026, the Company estimates that an additional$6.0 thousand will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

The tables below present the notional amount, location, and fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets as of the periods indicated:

Effect of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The tables below present the pre-tax effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income for the periods indicated:

Effect of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on the Statements of Income

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:

Offsetting Derivative Assets and Liabilities

The tables below present a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s derivatives as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The net amounts of derivative assets and liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 11 –Related Party Transactions

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank may grant loans to certain executive officers and directors and the companies with which they are associated. The Company hadde minimis loans outstanding to related parties as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Total deposits from certain executive officers and directors and the companies with which they are associated were $2.4 million and $1.2 million as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

BFG is a small business loan broker, primarily under the SBA’s 7(a) loan program. The Company has a 20% ownership in the outstanding membership units of BFG. The Company underwrites loans sourced by BFG in its normal course of business. If approved and funded, the Company pays BFG a commission fee based on the amount funded. There is no guarantee or commitment made by the Company to BFG to approve or fund loans referred by BFG. The Company is able to use its sole discretion in deciding to approve and fund loans referred by BFG.

The following table represents a summary of related party transactions with BFG for the periods indicated:

(1) Recorded in the consolidated statements of income in other miscellaneous income

Note 12 –Earnings per Share

The two-class method is used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share as the restricted stock awards are deemed to be participating securities. Under the two-class method, earnings available to common shareholders for the period are allocated between common shareholders and participating securities according to participation rights in undistributed earnings. The following table is a reconciliation of the components used to derive basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

(1)Represents earnings attributable to holders of unvested restricted stock issued to the Company’s directors and employees. Effective December 31, 2025, executive management elected to waive the dividend rights on their unvested restricted stock awards, and this waiver extends to restricted stock awards granted in 2026 to directors and various other employees. As a result, these unvested shares are no longer treated as participating securities and are excluded from the two-class method calculation of EPS. The impact on basic and diluted earnings per share was de minimis, and previously reported periods are not affected.

Note 13 –Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following tables present changes to accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Note 14 –Segments

As the Company experienced significant growth in size and complexity, management reassessed its approach to analyzing revenues, financial performance, and business activities. To align with the internal financial reporting with the organizational structure and how the CODM manages the business, evaluates performance, and allocates resources, the Company completed a technology project to capture financial information by segment. The CODM currently reviews the revenues and financial results forthree operating and reportable segments: traditional banking, banking as a service (“BaaS”), and treasury and administration. Considering management’s needs due to the increased volume and complexity of its business, management implemented new processes and utilized system capabilities to capture accounting information by cost centers. The cost centers are subsequently mapped to the established business segments and reports reflecting the new structure and processes were finalized and provided to the CODM during the third quarter of 2025. Due to the fact that financial data was not previously recorded by cost center, it is not practicable to present segment financial information for comparative prior periods.

The Company’s traditional banking segment provides loan and deposit products and services to consumers and businesses nationally and in and around the Salt Lake City, Utah metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”). The Company’s BaaS segment provides lending, card and payments solutions nationally to fintech brands. The treasury and administration segment consists of investments, deposits sourced nationally to support the business segments, interest charged to the traditional banking and BaaS segments on funding provided to those businesses, and other items not specific to the traditional banking or BaaS segments.

The accounting policies applicable to our segments are consistent with those described in the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the 2025 Form 10-K. Intersegment interest and expense transactions are recorded at the Company’s cost; there is no intercompany profit or loss on intersegment transactions. The Company has implemented a transfer pricing process that credits or charges the traditional banking and BaaS segments with intrabank interest income or expense, with the treasury and administration segment as the offset for those entries.

The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources for each of the Company’s reportable segments based on segment income or loss before other allocated operating expenses and net income. The CODM uses income or loss before other allocated operating expenses to allocate resources for each segment predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis using the income before other allocated operating expenses when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segments.

The Company’s CODM is the chief executive officer and its president.

In the segment reporting below, a non-GAAP subtotal is shown captioned “Income (loss) before other operating expense allocation”. That subtotal presents an income (loss) subtotal before consideration of allocated corporate expenses which might be fixed, semi-fixed or otherwise resist changes without regard to a particular line of business. The following tables provide segment information for the periods indicated (in thousands):

(1) Interest income and expense are allocated to segments based on their respective funding requirements using an internal transfer pricing methodology. The treasury and administration segment earns interest income from providing funds to the traditional banking and BaaS segments, which in turn incur corresponding interest expense. These internal interest flows are eliminated at the consolidated level through the intersegment/eliminations column.

Note 15 –Subsequent Event

On July 20, 2026, the Company acquired the technology platform and related assets of Tallied Technologies, Inc. (“Tallied”), the credit card issuance and processing platform that has powered the Bank's co-branded credit card programs. With this acquisition, the Company now owns its card technology stack end-to-end, from application, through issuing, processing and servicing.

The acquisition will be accounted for in accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations”, whereby the purchase price paid will be allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Tallied based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date. The Company expects integration and transition costs of approximately $4.0 million in total over the next year. The Company expects the costs to be greater in the next two quarters and to narrow over the following two quarters as it fully integrates the platform into the bank and eliminates duplicative third-party vendor and platform costs. The transaction results in the credit card receivable being reclassified from the credit enhanced portfolio of approximately $45.3 million to credit card loan receivable beginning in the third quarter of 2026.