Jackson Financial Inc.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report. The most critical estimates are presented below.

The below critical accounting estimates are described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates” and Notes 1 and 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2025 Annual Report:

•reserves for future policy benefits and claims payable

•market risk benefits

•reinsurance

•income taxes and the ability to realize certain deferred tax benefits

•valuation and impairment of investments, including estimates related to expectations of credit losses on certain financial assets

•valuation of freestanding derivative instruments

•valuation of embedded derivatives

•net investment income

•contingent liabilities

•consolidation of variable interest entities

Off–Balance Sheet Arrangements

See Note 13 - Long-term Debt regarding lender commitments under the Company's revolving credit facility and its pre-capitalized securities-related facility agreements and Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies regarding unfunded investment commitments to limited partnerships and limited liability companies, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk