Redwire Corp

Note A – Description of the Business

Redwire Corporation (the “Company”) provides mission critical space solutions and high-reliability space infrastructure for the next generation space economy. The Company develops and provides core space infrastructure offerings for government and commercial customers through long-duration projects. These core offerings include technologies and production capability for avionics, sensors and payloads; power generation; structures and mechanisms; radio frequency (“RF”) systems; spacecraft platforms, payloads and missions; and microgravity payloads. The Company serves both U.S. and international customers with these core offerings that have civil space, national security and commercial applications.

Note B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company uses a fiscal year ending on December 31 st of each year. The Company consolidates all entities that are controlled by ownership of a majority voting interest. Additionally, there are situations in which consolidation is required even though the usual condition of consolidation does not apply. Generally, this occurs when an entity holds an interest in another business entity that was achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests, which results in a disproportionate relationship between such entity’s voting interests in, and its exposure to the economic risks and potential rewards of, the other business entity. This disproportionate relationship results in what is known as a variable interest, and the entity in which the Company has the variable interest is referred to as a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”). An entity must consolidate a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Please refer to Note U – Joint Venture for additional information.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

Management has prepared these estimates using the most current and best available information that are considered reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Accounting policies subject to estimates include, but are not limited to, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, contingent consideration, revenue recognition, income taxes, certain equity-based compensation awards, post-retirement benefit plans, paid-in-kind dividends, and warrant liabilities.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has concluded that it operates inone operating segment andone reportable segment, space infrastructure, as the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. Please refer to Note W – Segment Reporting for additional information.

Business Combinations

The Company utilizes the acquisition method of accounting for all transactions and events in which it obtains control over one or more other businesses (even if less than 100% ownership is acquired), to recognize the fair value of all assets acquired and liabilities assumed and to establish the acquisition date fair value as of the measurement date.

While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the business combination date, the estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the business combination date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. For changes in the valuation of intangible assets between the preliminary and final purchase price allocation, the related amortization is adjusted in the period it occurs. Subsequent to the measurement period, any adjustment to assets acquired or liabilities assumed is included in operating results in the period in which the adjustment is identified. Transaction costs that are incurred in connection with a business combination, other than costs associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred.

Contingent consideration is classified as a liability or as equity on the basis of the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument; contingent consideration payable in cash is classified as a liability. The Company recognizes the fair value of any contingent consideration that is transferred to the seller in a business combination on the date at which control of the acquiree is obtained. Contingent consideration payments related to acquisitions are measured at fair value each reporting period using Level 3 unobservable inputs (as defined in the Fair Value of Financial Instruments policy below). When reported, any changes in the fair value of these contingent consideration payments are included in contingent earnout expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Please refer to Note C – Business Combinations for additional information related to the Company’s business combinations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities, including, but not limited to, contingent consideration, at fair value. A hierarchy of valuation techniques is based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars (“USD”), which is the functional currency of the Company. The local currency of our operations in Luxembourg and Belgium, the euro, is considered to be the functional currency of those operations. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, where the functional currency is the local currency, are translated into USD at exchange rates effective as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated using average exchange rates in effect for the periods presented.

Balance sheet translation adjustments are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in other (income) expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cash balances with banks and similar institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Restricted cash includes cash balances which are restricted as to withdrawal or usage by contractual agreement and consists of a cash-collateralized standby letter of credit for a submitted proposal.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the consolidated balance sheets to the consolidated statements of cash flows for the following periods:

(1)Amount includes $7.8 million of proceeds received from third-parties that is refundable except in certain limited circumstances and is also included as other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The table below presents supplemental cash flow information during the following periods:

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, accounts receivable and contract assets. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions of high-credit quality. At times, such amounts may exceed federally insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents on deposit or invested with financial and lending institutions was $33.7 million and $30.3 million, as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company provides credit to customers in the normal course of business. The carrying amount of current accounts receivable and contract assets are stated at cost, net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for the estimated amount of accounts receivable that will not be fully collected. The allowance is based on the assessment of the following factors: customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, age of outstanding accounts receivable and any applicable collateral.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is calculated on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Inventory may consist of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expense. Inventory is impaired when it is probable that inventory values exceed their net realizable value. Changes in these estimates are included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are the long-lived, physical assets of the Company, acquired for use in the Company’s normal business operations and not intended for resale by the Company. These assets are recorded at cost. Renewals and betterments that increase the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. The Company occasionally designs and builds its own machinery. The cost of these projects, including direct material and labor, and other indirect costs directly attributable to the construction, are capitalized as construction in progress. No provision for depreciation is made on construction in progress until the related assets are completed and placed in service.

Depreciation is based on the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses or cost of sales based upon the asset; depreciation and amortization expense includes the amortization of assets under finance leases.

Expected useful lives for property, plant and equipment are reviewed at least annually. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

As assets are retired or sold, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The Company regularly evaluates its property, plant and equipment for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If the Company determines that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group is not recoverable based upon the undiscounted expected future cash flows of the asset or asset group, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of carrying amount over the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group.

During 2024 and 2023, the Company identified no triggering events and therefore, no quantitative impairment assessment was performed on its long-lived assets.

Leases

The Company is obligated under certain operating and finance leases for its facilities, vehicles and office equipment. The Company assesses whether an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception of the arrangement. For arrangements considered leases, the Company assesses the lease for finance or operating classification and records a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability as of the commencement date. The Company uses the date of initial possession as the lease commencement date, which is generally when the underlying asset becomes available for the Company’s specific use. The Company’s operating leases are included in right-of-use assets, short-term operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s finance leases consist primarily of vehicles and are included in property, plant and equipment, net, short-term finance lease liabilities and long-term finance lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the present value of the Company’s obligations to make payments arising over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate as of the lease commencement date, which reflects the fixed rate the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the future minimum lease payments over a similar term. Operating lease expense includes the sum of imputed interest expense and the amortization of ROU assets. For finance leases, interest is recognized and presented separately in interest expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The lease term includes renewal options which are reasonably certain to be exercised.

Lease and non-lease related components, such as common area maintenance costs, obligations to return the underlying asset to its original condition, or costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset at the end of the term, are accounted for separately. Certain leasing arrangements contain predetermined fixed escalation of minimum rents and/or require variable payments, such as insurance and tax payments. Variable lease payments which depend on an index or other rate are initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement date and included in the measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability. The subsequent change in lease payments as a result of a change in the index or other rate are recognized as expense in the period in which the payment occurs.

The Company does not have any material restrictions or covenants in its lease agreements, sale leaseback transactions or residual value guarantees. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

During 2024 and 2023, the Company identified no triggering events and therefore, no quantitative impairment assessment was performed on its right-of-use assets.

Intangible Assets, including Goodwill

The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

Intangible assets include those acquired from the Company’s various business combinations as well as licensed software for internal-use. Licensed software is acquired solely to meet the Company’s internal needs which provides the right to take possession of the software and is hosted on the Company’s specific hardware components, as well as the capitalization of qualifying costs during the application development stage. Indefinite-lived intangible assets include tradenames and in-process research and development (“IPR&D”). Finite-lived intangible assets include customer relationships, technology, trademarks, and internal-use software. Finite-lived intangible assets are reported at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and are either amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or over the period the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed. IPR&D is recognized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until completion or abandonment of the related project, then reclassified as a finite-lived intangible asset and amortized over the remaining useful life.

Acquired intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but are subject to annual impairment testing or more frequently if events or a change in circumstance indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. This testing compares carrying value to fair value and, when appropriate, the carrying value of these assets is reduced to fair value. The Company performs an impairment test of finite-lived intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may be impaired, consistent with the methodologies previously disclosed for Property, plant and equipment.

Goodwill is the amount by which the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination on the date of acquisition. The Company’s goodwill has been allocated to and is tested for impairment at a level referred to as the reporting unit. The Company hasfive reporting units, Mission Solutions, Space Components, Engineering Services, Hera Systems and Redwire Europe, which were determined based on similar economic characteristics, financial metrics and product and servicing offerings.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 st or when events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The Company first assesses goodwill for impairment on a qualitative basis to determine if a quantitative assessment is necessary. In circumstances where the qualitative analysis (Step 0) indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit does not exceed its carrying value, the Company would perform a quantitative analysis (Step 1) and the goodwill impairment loss, if any, is measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. In general, the Company performs a quantitative test for most reporting units at least once every three years, or more frequently if deemed necessary by Management.

The Company estimates the fair value of each reporting unit using a combination of a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis and market-based valuation methodologies such as comparable public company trading values and values observed in recent business acquisitions. Determining fair value requires the exercise of significant judgments, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, long-term growth rates, discount rates and relevant comparable public company earnings multiples and transaction multiples. The cash flows employed in the DCF analysis are based on the Company best estimate of future revenues, gross margins, operating expenses, and cash flows with consideration for other factors, such as general market conditions, U.S. and foreign government budgets, existing contracted and uncontracted backlog, subcontractor agreements, changes in working capital, long-term business plans and historical operating performance. The discount rates utilized in the DCF analysis are based on the respective reporting unit’s weighted average cost of capital, which takes into account the relative weights of debt and equity components within the Company’s existing capital structure and represents the expected cost of new capital, adjusted as appropriate to consider the risk inherent in future cash flows of the respective reporting unit. The carrying value of each reporting unit includes the assets and liabilities employed in its operations, goodwill and allocations of certain assets and liabilities held at the corporate level. The Company compares the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired. If the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, a goodwill impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

During 2024 and 2023, the Company performed its annual impairment tests and concluded there were no indicators that the fair value of any reporting unit was more likely than not below carrying value. Therefore, no quantitative assessment was performed and no goodwill impairment was recognized during 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Equity Method Investments

Investments where the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have control of the investee, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and presented as equity method investments on the consolidated balance sheets. Significant influence typically exists if the Company has a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the investee. Under this method of accounting, the Company’s share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is included in other (income) expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) since the activities of the investee are not closely aligned with the operations of the Company’s business.

The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. Please refer to Note U – Joint Venture for additional information.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments, options, warrants and other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as assets, liabilities, or equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. For equity-linked financial instruments, the Company must determine whether the underlying instrument is indexed to its own common stock in order to classify the derivative instrument as equity. Otherwise, the derivative asset or liability, including embedded derivatives discussed below, is recognized at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Classification of the Company’s private warrants is based on management’s analysis of the guidance described above and a statement issued by the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies.” The Company determined that the private warrants meet the definition of a derivative and, therefore, are classified as a liability measured at fair value, subject to remeasurement at each reporting period. The Company measures the private warrant liability at fair value each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded as other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Hybrid instruments

Hybrid instruments issued in the form of a share requires bifurcation of embedded features if (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. The nature of the host instrument is therefore evaluated to determine if it is more akin to a debt-like or equity-like host. In this assessment, the Company considers the stated and implied substantive features of the contract as well as the economic characteristics and risks of the hybrid instrument. Each term and feature is then weighed based on the relevant facts and circumstances to determine the nature of the host contract. Terms and features of the hybrid instrument (i.e. embedded derivatives) are then assessed to determine if they must be bifurcated and separately accounted for as freestanding derivatives. Examples of embedded derivatives include, among others, conversion options, redemption features, make-whole provisions, contingent increases in dividend rates and participation rights.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in the Company’s own equity requires an evaluation of the hybrid security to determine if liability classification is required. Liability classification is required for freestanding financial instruments that are not debt in legal form and are: (1) subject to an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to redeem the instrument by transferring assets (i.e. mandatorily redeemable), (2) instruments other than equity shares that embody an obligation of the issuer to repurchase its equity shares, or (3) certain types of instruments that obligate the issuer to issue a variable number of equity shares. Securities classified in temporary equity are initially measured at the proceeds received, net of issuance costs and excluding the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives (if any). Subsequent measurement of the carrying value is not required until such time that the contingencies are resolved and reclassification as a liability is required.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s contracts are subject to revenue recognition using a five-step model, which involves (i) identification of the contract, (ii) identification of performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determination of the transaction price, (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the previously identified performance obligations, and (v) revenue recognition as the performance obligations are satisfied.

During step one of the five-step model, the Company considers whether contracts should be combined or separated, and based on this assessment, the Company combines closely related contracts when all the applicable criteria are met. The combination of two or more contracts requires judgment in determining whether the intent of entering into the contracts was effectively to enter into a single contract, which should be combined to reflect an overall profit rate. Similarly, the Company may separate an arrangement, which may consist of a single contract or group of contracts, with varying rates of profitability, only if the applicable criteria are met. Judgment is involved in determining whether a group of contracts may be combined or separated based on how the arrangement and the related performance criteria were negotiated. The conclusion to combine a group of contracts or separate a contract could change the amount of revenue and gross profit recorded in a given period.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers generally do not include a right of return relative to delivered products. In certain cases, contracts are modified to account for changes in the contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Certain contracts with customers have options for the customer to acquire additional goods or services. In most cases, the pricing of these options are reflective of the standalone selling price of the good or service. These options do not provide the customer with a material right and are accounted for only when the customer exercises the option to purchase the additional goods or services. If the option on the customer contract was not indicative of the standalone selling price of the good or service, the material right would be accounted for as a separate performance obligation.

The Company’s revenues are derived from the design and sales of components for spacecraft and satellites and the performance of engineering, modeling and simulation services related to spacecraft design and mission execution. Each promised good or service within a contract is accounted for separately, if they are distinct. Promised goods or services not meeting the criteria for being a distinct performance obligation are bundled into a single performance obligation with other goods or services that together meet the criteria for being distinct. The appropriate allocation of the transaction price and recognition of revenue is then applied for the bundled performance obligation. The Company has concluded that its service contracts generally contain a single performance obligation given the interrelated nature of the activities which are significantly customized and not distinct within the context of the contract.

Once the Company identifies the performance obligations, it determines the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price, if any. The Company’s contracts generally do not contain penalties, credits, price concessions, or other types of potential variable consideration. Prices are fixed at contract inception and are not contingent on performance or any other criteria.

The Company engages in long-term contracts for production and service activities and recognizes revenue for performance obligations over time. The Company considers the nature of these contracts and the types of products and services provided when determining the proper accounting for a particular contract. These contracts include both firm-fixed-price (“FFP”) and cost reimbursable contracts. The Company’s cost reimbursable contracts typically include cost-plus fixed fee (“CPFF”) and time-and-material (“T&M”) contracts. These long-term contracts involve the design, development, manufacture, or modification of components for spacecraft and satellites. For FFP and CPFF contracts, revenue is recognized over time (versus point in time recognition), as the Company’s performance creates an asset with no alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, and the customer receives the benefit as the Company builds the asset. For T&M contracts, the Company recognizes revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice the customer based on the control transferred to the customer.

For long-term contracts, the Company typically recognizes revenue using the input method, using a cost-to-cost measure of progress. The Company believes that this method represents the most faithful depiction of the Company’s performance because it directly measures value transferred to the customer. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, the amount of time to complete the contract, including the assessment of the nature and complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the availability of subcontractor services and materials; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. The Company bears the risk of changes in estimates to complete on a fixed-price contract, which may cause profit levels to vary from period to period. For cost reimbursable contracts, the Company is reimbursed periodically for allowable costs and is paid a portion of the fee based on contract progress. In the limited instances where the Company enters into T&M contracts, revenue recognized reflects the number of direct labor hours expended in the performance of a contract multiplied by the contract billing rate, as well as reimbursement of other direct billable costs. For long-term contracts, the Company recognizes anticipated contract losses as soon as they become known and estimable.

Accounting for long-term contracts requires significant judgment relative to estimating total contract revenues and costs, in particular, assumptions relative to the amount of time to complete the contract, including the assessment of the nature and complexity of the work to be performed. The Company’s estimates are based upon the professional knowledge and experience of its engineers, program managers and other personnel, who review each long-term contract monthly to assess the contract’s schedule, performance, technical matters and estimated cost at completion. Changes in estimates are applied retrospectively and when adjustments in estimated contract costs are identified, such revisions may result in current period adjustments to earnings applicable to performance in prior periods.

For long-term contracts, the portion of the payments retained by the customer is not considered a significant financing component. At contract inception, the Company also expects that the lag period between the transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will not constitute a significant financing component. Many of the Company’s long-term contracts have milestone payments, which align the payment schedule with the progress towards completion on the performance obligation. On some contracts, the Company may be entitled to receive an advance payment, which is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to facilitate inventory demands at the onset of a contract and to safeguard the Company from the failure of the other party to abide by some or all of their obligations under the contract.

Contract Balances

Contract balances result from the timing of revenue recognized, billings and cash collections, and the generation of contract assets and liabilities. Contract assets are presented as such on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and represent revenue recognized in excess of amounts invoiced to the customer and the right to payment is not solely subject to the passage of time. Contract liabilities are presented as deferred revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and relate to advanced payments and billings in excess of revenues recognized and are recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies the underlying performance obligation, either over time as costs are incurred or as control is transferred to the customer.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company includes in its computation of remaining performance obligations customer orders for which it has accepted signed sales orders. The definition of remaining performance obligations excludes T&M contracts accounted for under the “right to invoice” practical expedient.

Advertising Costs

All advertising, promotional and marketing costs are expensed when incurred and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The table below presents the advertising cost for the following periods:

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are primarily made up of labor charges, prototype material, and development expenses. Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred.

Post-retirement Benefit Plans

As a result of the Space NV acquisition, the Company sponsors various post-retirement benefit plans for certain non-U.S. employees including three cash balance plans: one defined benefit pension plan with risk-based coverage for death and disability benefits (collectively, the “Base Plan”) and two supplementary pension bonus plans that provides variable remuneration linked to employees’ performance (the “Performance Plans"). These cash balance plans are defined benefit plans which provide for post-retirement benefits based on employee and employer contributions and prescribed rates of return in accordance with Belgium Regulation. The Company’s policy is to cover 100% of all benefit obligations associated with supplementary pensions, bonus pensions, and other post-retirement benefits (i.e., death and disability) through group insurance policies. Accordingly, the Company recognizes the net funded status on a plan-by-plan basis as either an asset recorded within other non-current assets or a liability recorded within other non-current liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets. The net funded status is measured on a plan-by-plan basis as the difference between the fair value of each plan’s assets and the benefit obligation.

The net funded status is measured annually, or more frequently, upon the occurrence of certain events such as a significant plan amendment, settlement, or curtailment. Fair value is determined on a plan-by-plan basis and obligations are computed based on service and contributions to date, using actuarial valuations that are based in part on certain key economic assumptions, including the discount rates and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The assumptions made in this analysis affect both the calculation of the benefit obligations and the calculation of net periodic benefit costs in subsequent periods. The fair value of plan assets includes amounts contributed by the employee and employer and amounts earned from investing the contributions, less benefits paid. Assumptions are reviewed on an annual basis, unless circumstances require an interim remeasurement of any of our plans.

Differences between the actual return and expected return on plan assets during the year and changes in the benefit obligation for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans due to changes in the annual valuation assumptions generate actuarial gains or losses. The Company has elected to immediately recognize actuarial gains or losses for each plan as a component of net periodic pension cost.

Please refer to Note R – Employee Benefit Plans for additional information related to the Company’s defined benefit plans.

Equity-based Compensation

The Company’s equity-based compensation plans are classified as equity plans and compensation expense is generally recognized over the vesting period of stock awards. The Company issues stock awards in the form of incentive units, non-qualified stock options, time-based restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and eligibility to participate in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The fair value of incentive units and stock options are calculated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (“OPM”). Given the absence of adequate historical data, the Company uses the simplified method to estimate the term of stock options granted to employees. The fair value of the time-based restricted stock units are calculated based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the performance-based restricted stock units are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the grant date.

The vesting of the incentive units is contingent on service-based, performance-based, and market conditions and, as such, the recognition of compensation expense is deferred until it is probable the performance conditions will be satisfied. Once it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied, unrecognized compensation expense is recognized based on the portion of the requisite service period that has been rendered. If the requisite period is complete, compensation expense is recognized regardless of market conditions being met.

For non-qualified stock options, time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units, the Company recognizes the grant date fair value as compensation expense on a straight-line method over the vesting period (typically three years) and recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

The ESPP authorizes the grant of rights to employee participants to purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions, up to 15% of their eligible compensation. The plan is a compensatory plan as it allows participants to purchase stock equal to 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the beginning or end of each offering period, whichever is less (the “Discounted Value”). The ESPP is accounted for as an equity classified award. The Company recognizes the fair value of the ESPP award at the start of the offering period as compensation expense on a straight-line method over the offering period. The fair value of the ESPP award is comprised of the value of Discounted Value and the value associated with the variability in the Company’s common stock price during the offering period, which is estimated using the Black-Scholes model.

Income Taxes

The Company computes its provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated based on the basis difference for financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. All deferred income taxes are classified as non-current in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company records a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company assesses the deferred tax assets for recoverability on a quarterly basis.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act of 1933 registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.

This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis, provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually and require a public entity that has a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in the ASU and existing requirements under Topic 280. Additionally, it requires a public entity to disclose the title and position of the CODM. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective December 31, 2024, using a retrospective transition method. Adoption of this guidance enhanced the footnote disclosures with no impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense caption. Additionally, the amendment requires a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in the relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. For public business entities, the new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. An entity may apply the amendments prospectively for reporting periods after the effective date or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption, which is expected to have an impact on disclosures only with no impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires a public business entity (“PBE”) to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign, as well as by jurisdiction, if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. For PBEs, the new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. An entity may apply the amendments in this ASU prospectively by providing the revised disclosures for the period ending December 31, 2025 and continuing to provide the pre-ASU disclosures for the prior periods, or may apply the amendments retrospectively by providing the revised disclosures for all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption, which is expected to have an impact on disclosures with no impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Note C – Business Combinations

On August 30, 2024, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests of Hera Systems, Inc. (“Hera”), a spacecraft developer focused on specialized missions for national security space customers. Hera’s primary operations include developing high-performance spacecraft to support the evolving requirements for national security missions operating in contested space. Hera's advanced platform incorporates cyber-secure communications, resilient power systems, highly accurate pointing, extensive maneuverability and massive on-board computing power supporting mission- and payload-specific machine learning. This acquisition is not material individually to the Company’s financial position as of December 31, 2024, or the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. Therefore, the pro forma operating results and other disclosures for the Hera acquisition are not presented.

The Company incurred $1.1 million of costs during the year ended December 31, 2024 and incurred nominal costs during the same periods in 2023, respectively, related to completed acquisitions as of the respective periods. These expenses are included in transaction expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue and other current liabilities are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at amounts that approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial assets and liabilities.

The fair value of the Company’s debt approximates its carrying value and is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy as it is based on discounted cash flows using a current borrowing rate.

Committed Equity Facility

On April 14, 2022, the Company entered into a common stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) and a Registration Rights Agreement with B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC (“B. Riley”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company had the right, but not the obligation, to direct B. Riley to purchase a specified amount of shares (each, a “Purchase”) over the 24-month period from Commencement (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), which ended on April 14, 2024.

The Company controlled the timing and amount of any sales to B. Riley, which depend on a variety of factors including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common stock, and determinations by the Company as to appropriate sources of funding for its business and operations. However, B. Riley’s obligation to purchase shares was subject to certain conditions. In all instances, the Company could not sell shares of its common stock under the Purchase Agreement if it would result in B. Riley beneficially owning more than 4.99% of its common stock at any one point in time.

At inception, the Company evaluated the Purchase Agreement with B. Riley and determined that the committed equity facility was not indexed to the Company’s own common stock and, therefore, measures the derivative asset at fair value based on the consideration transferred to B. Riley in exchange for its irrevocable commitment to purchase up to $80.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stock. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the derivative asset are dependent upon, among other things, changes in the closing share price of the Company’s common stock, the quantity and purchase price of shares purchased by B. Riley during the reporting period, the unused capacity under the committed equity facility as of the balance sheet date and the cost of raising other forms of capital. As certain inputs are not observable in the market, the derivative asset is classified as a Level 3 instrument within the fair value hierarchy. The Company adjusts the previous fair value estimate of the committed equity facility at each reporting period based on changes in the weighted average purchase price of shares purchased by B. Riley during the period, the unused capacity available under the committed equity facility, expected stock price volatility and other macroeconomic factors which impact the cost of raising comparable forms of capital. As disclosed above, on April 14, 2024, the Purchase Agreement with B. Riley expired in accordance with its terms and was not extended. As a result, the Company no longer recognized a derivative asset related to the committed equity facility after April 14, 2024.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price for each share of common stock is equal to 97% of the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) on the applicable purchase date, which results in a 3% fee on the purchase of the Company’s common stock. The Company didnot sell shares to B. Riley during the year ended December 31, 2024 and sold 497,392 shares to B. Riley during the year ended December 31, 2023 for net proceeds of $1.2 million.

In September 2021, the Company issued 7,732,168 private warrants in a transaction exempt from registration under securities regulations. The warrants, which are not listed for trading on a stock exchange, entitle the holder to purchaseone share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. The warrants will expire on September 2, 2026, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The private warrants were established as a liability at issuance. Classification of the private warrants as liability instruments was based on an analysis of the guidance in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in a statement issued by the Staff of the SEC regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies.” The Company considered whether the private warrants display the three characteristics of a derivative, and concluded the private warrants meet the definition of a derivative. However, the private warrants fail to meet the equity scope exception and thus are classified as a liability measured at fair value, subject to remeasurement at each reporting period. The changes in fair value of the private warrant liability were an increase of $52.0 million and $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These changes in fair value are recognized asother (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The private warrants were valued using a modified Black-Scholes OPM. As certain inputs are not observable in the market, the private warrants are classified as Level 3 instruments within the fair value hierarchy. The table below presents the fair value per warrant and the valuation assumptions under the Black-Scholes OPM:

The table below presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

There wereno changes in the fair value of Level 3 financial assets during the year ended December 31, 2024. Changes in the fair value of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities were as follows:

Note E – Accounts Receivable, net

The accounts receivable, net balance was as follows:

Accounts receivable are recorded for amounts to which the Company is entitled and has invoiced to the customer. Unbilled receivables, presented in the table above, consist of unbilled amounts under time-and-material (“T&M”) contracts where billing and payment is subject solely to the passage of time.

Substantially all accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 are expected to be collected in 2025. The Company does not believe there is a significant exposure to credit risk as the majority of the Company’s accounts receivable are due from U.S. and foreign governments or large prime contractors of such government entities. As a result, the allowance for credit losses wasnot material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note F – Inventory

The inventory balance was as follows:

Note G – Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment, net were as follows:

There wasno impairment recognized related to property, plant and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The table below presents the depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment for the following periods:

Note H – Intangible Assets, net

The intangible assets gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization were as follows:

There wasno impairment recognized related to intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The table below presents the amortization expense related to intangible assets for the following periods:

The table below presents the future amortization expense on intangible assets as of December 31, 2024:

Note I – Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

There wasno impairment recognized related to goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note J – Debt

The table below presents details of the Company’s debt as of the following periods and the effective interest rate as of December 31, 2024:

Adams Street Credit Agreement

On October 28, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Adams Street Capital (the “Adams Street Credit Agreement”), the terms of which were subsequently modified by various amendments through December 31, 2024. As amended, the Adams Street Credit Agreement includes (i) a $31.0 million term loan commitment, (ii) a $15.0 million delayed draw term loan, (iii) a $32.0 million incremental term loan, and (iv) a $65.0 million revolving credit facility commitment, all of which mature on October 28, 2026. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company borrowed $45.0 million and repaid $7.0 million, respectively, on the revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $15.0 million of remaining capacity under the Company’s revolving credit facility.

As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal on the Adams Street Credit Agreement incurs cash interest in accordance with the prime rate plus the applicable rates as set forth in the table below:

As amended in March 2022, AE Industrial Partners Fund II, LP (“AEI”) and certain of its affiliates (the “AEI Guarantors”), provided a limited guarantee for the payment of outstanding revolving loans in excess of $10.0 million, with a $15.0 million cap in the aggregate. In the event that the AEI Guarantors are required to make payments to the lenders under the Adams Street Credit Agreement pursuant to the terms of the limited guarantee, each AEI Guarantor would be subrogated to the rights of the lenders. In connection with the limited guarantee, the Company agreed to pay to the AEI Guarantors a fee equal to 2% of any amount actually paid by such guarantors under the limited guarantee. The fee is waivable by the AEI Guarantors at their discretion.

As amended in August 2022, the outstanding principal on the term loans and revolving loans under the Adams Street Credit Agreement incurs additional interest to be paid-in-kind (“PIK”) of 2.00% per annum, which is accrued and added to the outstanding principal balance until the Company is in compliance with the consolidated total net leverage ratio. The requirement to comply with the consolidated total net leverage ratio was suspended through September 30, 2023, and such compliance resumed with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2023. In addition, the Company was required to maintain a minimum liquidity covenant of $5.0 million measured on the last day of each fiscal month commencing with the month ending September 30, 2022 through September 30, 2023. During the second quarter of 2023, in accordance with the provisions of the Adams Street Credit Agreement, as amended, the Company met certain requirements to end the incremental 2.00% per annum PIK interest, effective May 1, 2023. The previously suspended requirement to comply with the consolidated total net leverage ratio, as discussed above, is no longer in effect and the Company is required to comply with the consolidated total net leverage ratio as of December 31, 2024.

There wasno accrued PIK interest on the Adams Street Credit Agreement recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.

In June 2023, the Company entered into the Sixth Amendment to the Adams Street Credit Agreement, in which the LIBOR-based interest rate applicable to borrowings under the Adams Street Credit Agreement was replaced with a SOFR-based interest rate in advance of the cessation of LIBOR, which occurred on June 30, 2023. In December 2023, the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to the Adams Street Credit Agreement, in which the commitments under the revolving credit facility increased from $25.0 million to $30.0 million.

In June 2024, the Company entered into an Eighth Amendment to the Adams Street Credit Agreement (“Eighth Amendment”), in which the commitments under the revolving credit facility increased from $30.0 million to $45.0 million. Pursuant to the Eighth Amendment, the Company is required to maintain an aggregate principal amount of outstanding revolving credit loans in an amount no less than $10.0 million. In August 2024, the Company entered into a Ninth Amendment to the Adams Street Credit Agreement (“Ninth Amendment”), in which the commitments under the revolving credit facility increased from $45.0 million to $65.0 million. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment, the aggregate principal amount of outstanding revolving credit loans the Company is required to maintain increased from no less than $10.0 million to no less than $30.0 million.

The Adams Street Credit Agreement, as amended, contains certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and other covenants and events of default, including among other things, payment defaults, breach of representations and warranties, and covenant defaults.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with its covenant requirements, as amended.

D&O Financing Loan

On September 3, 2023, the Company entered into a $1.2 million loan with AFCO Credit Corporation (the “2023 D&O Financing Loan”) to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium. The 2023 D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 7.39% per annum and a maturity date of March 3, 2024. In March 2024, the Company repaid the full outstanding principal and interest on the 2023 D&O Financing Loan.

On August 28, 2024, the Company entered into a $1.0 million loan with AFCO Credit Corporation (the “2024 D&O Financing Loan”) to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium. The 2024 D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 7.53% per annum and a maturity date of March 3, 2025.

The maturities of the Company’s long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:

The table below presents the interest expense on debt, including the amortization of discounts and issuance costs for the following periods:

Note K – Leases

The Company has entered into and acquired long-term leasing arrangements for the right to use various classes of underlying assets, including facilities, vehicles and office equipment. Certain facility leases contain predetermined fixed escalation of minimum rents at stated rates ranging from 2.00% to 25.00% per annum andthree leases with annual escalations based on certain price indices. In addition, certain facility leases include renewal options that could extend the lease term for up to an additional fifteen years. The office equipment lease contains a renewal option that could extend the lease to consecutive 60-day terms and a purchase option.

Total Lease Costs

The following table summarizes total lease costs for the period:

Total lease costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

There wasno impairment recognized related to ROU assets during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company hadtwo facility leases that had not yet commenced but require significant future lease obligations in the amount of $3.8 million. The contracts were determined to be operating leases, whereby the Company is not required to make rent payments prior to the lease commencement date while construction is completed on the underlying asset. Due to the nature of the work and the amount of the Company’s contribution to the construction period costs for each lease, the Company was determined not to be the owner of the assets under construction as the landlords have substantially all of the construction period risks.

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases:

Other Supplemental Information

The following table presents other supplemental information related to the Company’s leases:

Future Lease Obligations

As of December 31, 2024, the future annual minimum lease payments for lease liabilities are as follows:

Note L – Warrants

Public Warrants

Each public warrant entitles the registered holder to purchaseone share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its warrants only for a whole number of shares of common stock. This means only a whole warrant may be exercised at a given time by a warrant holder. The warrants will expire on September 2, 2026, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may call the public warrants for redemption as follows: (1) in whole and not in part; (2) at a price of $0.01 per warrant; (3) upon a minimum of 30 days prior written notice of redemption; and (4) only if the last reported closing price of the common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the 3 rd trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If the Company calls the public warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Company public warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.”

The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of the Company’s common stock or other similar event. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant shares.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 8,188,811, respectively, public warrants issued and outstanding.

The terms and provisions of the public warrants above also apply to the private warrants. If the private warrants are held by holders other than the original holders or their respective permitted transferees, the private warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the public warrants. The original holders and their respective permitted transferees have the option to exercise the private placement warrants on a cashless basis.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 7,732,168, respectively, private warrants issued and outstanding.

Refer to Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments for information on the Level 3 inputs used to value the private warrants.

Note M – Income Taxes

The table below presents the current and deferred components of income tax expense (benefit) for the following periods:

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax expense to actual income tax expense is as follows:

The effective tax rate for 2024 differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the revaluation of the warrants and the valuation allowance. The effective tax rate for 2023 differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to equity-based compensation, state income tax expense and the valuation allowance.

The table below presents the components of deferred tax assets, net and deferred tax liabilities:

The Company considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards are available. The Company recorded a valuation allowance against substantially all of the domestic net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company intends to continue to maintain the valuation allowance until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these valuation allowances.

The table below presents the change in valuation allowance for the following periods:

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $130.6 million of net operating losses resulting in U.S. federal, state (net), and foreign deferred tax assets of $27.4 million, $7.2 million, and $4.0 million, respectively. The $130.6 million in U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce future taxable income for U.S. federal tax purposes, while certain state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2039.

The table below presents changes in reserves for unrecognized income tax benefits for the following periods:

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not recognize certain tax benefits from uncertain tax positions within the provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s estimated gross unrecognized tax benefits were $1.4 million, of which $1.3 million, if recognized, would favorably impact the Company’s future earnings. The Company believes there will be no material changes to unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. Due to uncertainties in any tax audit outcome, estimates of the ultimate settlement of our unrecognized tax positions may change and the actual tax benefits may differ from the estimates. During December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company didnot recognize any interest and penalties in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in various U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is subject to examination by the IRS for tax years beginning in 2021. The Company is open to state income tax examinations until the applicable statute of limitations expires, generally four years after tax return filing; however, the ability for the taxing authority to adjust tax attribute carryforwards will continue until the applicable statute of limitations expires after tax attribute utilization or expiration.

Note N – Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies in the Normal Course of Business

Under certain contracts with the U.S. government and certain governmental entities, contract costs, including indirect costs, are subject to audit by and adjustment through negotiation with governmental representatives. Revenue is recorded in amounts expected to be realized on final settlement of any such audits.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to litigation, claims, investigations and audits arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Although legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, the Company believes that it has valid defenses with respect to any matters currently pending against it and intends to defend itself vigorously. Excluding pending matters disclosed below, the outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company has established reserves for matters for which the Company believes that losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. For matters, including certain of those described herein, where the Company has not established a reserve, the ultimate outcome or resolution cannot be predicted at this time, or the amount of ultimate loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. These matters are subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of the individual claims is not predictable with certainty. It is possible that certain of the actions, claims, inquiries or proceedings, including those discussed herein, could be decided unfavorably to the Company or any of its subsidiaries involved. Accordingly, it is possible that an adverse outcome from such a proceeding could exceed the amount accrued in an amount that could be material to the accompanying consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period. The Company recognizes legal expenses when incurred, unless otherwise disclosed below, as selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

On December 17, 2021, the Company, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Peter Cannito, and then current, but now former Chief Financial Officer, William Read, were named as defendants in a putative class action complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. That litigation is captioned Lemen v. Redwire Corp. et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-01254-TJC-PDB (M.D. Fla.). On March 7, 2022, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff. On June 17, 2022, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint. In the amended complaint, the lead plaintiff alleges that the Company and certain of its directors and officers made misleading statements and/or failed to disclose material facts about the Company’s business, operations, and prospects, allegedly in violation of Section 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. As relief, the plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, compensatory damages. On August 16, 2022, the defendants moved to dismiss the complaint in its entirety, and such motion was denied by the Court on March 22, 2023. On November 15, 2024, the Company and plaintiffs filed a joint motion for a stipulated order to settle this litigation pursuant to a settlement agreement entered into among the parties. Under the terms of the agreement, Redwire will pay $8.0 million to settle claims brought on behalf of purchasers of Redwire’s publicly traded shares from March 25, 2021, through March 31, 2022. Redwire has also agreed to certification of a settlement class to facilitate resolution of claims. The Company has consistently denied the accusations and entered into this proposed settlement, which is not an admission or concession of liability, to avoid the costs and risks inherent in continued litigation. The settlement would resolve all claims against Redwire Corporation and other defendants in this matter. The settlement has received preliminary approval from the court but remains subject to final court approval. The Company has recognized a loss contingency of $8.0 million and a $1.0 million anticipated insurance recovery as of December 31, 2024, which is its best estimate of probable loss and recovery based on the current circumstances. The loss contingency and anticipated recovery is included as other current liabilities and prepaid and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively, and other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

On May 25, 2022, a plaintiff commenced derivative litigation in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware on behalf of the Company against Peter Cannito, Les Daniels, Reggie Brothers, Joanne Isham, Kirk Konert, Jonathan Baliff, and John S. Bolton. That litigation is captioned Yingling v. Cannito, et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-00684-MN (D. Del.). The complaint’s allegations are similar to those of the class action lawsuit filed in December 2021, namely, that statements about Redwire’s business and operations were misleading due to alleged material weaknesses in the Company’s financial reporting internal controls. The plaintiff alleges the defendants violated Section 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act, breached their fiduciary duty by allowing misleading disclosures to be made, and caused the Company to overpay compensation and bonuses tied to the Company’s financial performance. As relief, the plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, compensatory and punitive damages. This litigation had previously been stayed pending resolution of the class action lawsuit filed on December 17, 2021. Since that matter is now before the court for approval of a settlement agreement, the stay in the Yingling matter has automatically lifted. The defendants believe the allegations are without merit and intend to defend the lawsuit vigorously. The matter is currently in the early stages of discovery and the Company is currently unable to predict the likely outcome of the proceedings or estimate the range of reasonably possible losses, which may be material. However, the amount of any reasonable possible loss or range of loss is expected to be recoverable through the Company’s D&O insurance policy.

Business Combinations

The Company has acquired and plans to continue to acquire businesses with prior operating histories. These acquisitions may have unknown or contingent liabilities, which the Company may become responsible for and could have a material impact on the Company’s future operating results and cash flows. In addition, the Company may incur acquisition costs, regardless of whether or not the acquisition is ultimately completed, which may be material to future periods.

Commitments

During the year-ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into an economic development agreement to serve as the anchor tenant at the new Novaparke Innovation & Technology Campus in Floyd County, Indiana, the construction of which is anticipated to be completed during fiscal year 2025. In accordance with the agreement, the Company has committed to enter into a lease for a 30,000 square foot property. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had entered into the associated lease. Refer to Note K – Leases for additional information.

Letters of Credit

The Company has entered into letters of credit issued on our behalf by financial institutions secured by restricted cash. Letters of credit generally are available for draw down in the event we do not fulfill our contractual obligations. The Company had outstanding letters of credit of $15.4 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company hadno outstanding letters of credit as of December 31, 2023.

Note O – Convertible Preferred Stock

The table below presents activity of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock:

On October 28, 2022, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation describing the terms and conditions of newly issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company, par value 0.0001 (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”), with 88,000.00 total shares constituting the series. On or around the same date, the Company entered into investment agreements with (i) AE Industrial Partners Fund II, LP (“AEI Fund II”) and AE Industrial Partners Structured Solutions I, LP (“AEI Structured Solutions”, and together with AEI Fund II, (“AEI”)), (ii) BCC Redwire Aggregator, LP (“Bain Capital”) and (iii) various investors (collectively, the “Additional Investors,” and together with AEI and Bain Capital, the “Investors”). Pursuant to the investment agreements, the Company sold an aggregate of 81,250.00 shares (“Purchased Shares”) of Convertible Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $81.25 million, or $76.4 million net of issuance costs.

On October 31, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Designation of the Company (the "Amendment to the Certificate of Designation"), which was filed solely to increase the amount of shares designated as Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to 125,292.00.

On May 1, 2024 and November 1, 2024, in accordance with the Convertible Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation, the Company issued 7,022.45 and 7,736.65 shares, respectively, of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to holders of record as of April 15, 2024 and October 15, 2024, respectively, as a dividend paid-in-kind (“PIK”) on the Convertible Preferred Stock. As the Company has the option of paying dividends on the Convertible Preferred Stock in either cash or in kind, the PIK dividend is recorded at fair value as of the respective declaration date. The fair value of the PIK dividend as of April 15, 2024 and October 15, 2024 was $12.6 million and $28.1 million, respectively, which was recorded against additional paid-in-capital since the Company has an accumulated loss. The fair value of the May 2024 and November 2024 PIK dividends was calculated using the accrued value per share after a remaining term of 2.5 years and 2.0 years, respectively, on an as-converted basis, or $1,793 per share and $3,633 per share, respectively.

The investment agreements contain customary representations, warranties and covenants of the Company and Investors.

Bain Capital Director and Nominees

For so long as Bain Capital has record and beneficial ownership of at least 50% of the Purchased Shares issued to it as of November 3, 2022, Bain Capital will have the right to designate one member to the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”).

Convertible Preferred Stock Features

No holder of Convertible Preferred Stock may transfer any of their shares to any unaffiliated person for twelve (12) months following the closing date of the applicable investment agreement, except for certain exceptions, including that Bain Capital and AEI may transfer shares to each other. Bain Capital and AEI have been provided customary preemptive rights with respect to the Convertible Preferred Stock and, after the seventh anniversary of their respective closing dates, for so long as each holder has record and beneficial ownership of at least 50% of the Purchased Shares initially issued to them, may cause the Company to retain an investment banker to identify and conduct a potential sale of the Company.

The Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion price of $3.05 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution and price protective adjustments.

The Company previously obtained the requisite shareholder approval for the conversion of the Convertible Preferred Stock into common stock above the 19.99% Limitation (as defined below). On June 20, 2023, the Company filed with the SEC a Schedule 14C information statement pursuant to Section 14(c) of the Exchange Act, which provided notice of the approval of, (i) the conversion of the Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of common stock in excess of 19.99% of the 63,852,690 shares outstanding as of October 28, 2022 immediately after giving effect to such conversion (the “Conversion Cap”) and (ii) voting rights of the aggregate number of votes to which all holders of outstanding shares of Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to vote in excess of 19.99% of the aggregate number of votes to which all shareholders of the Company were entitled to vote as of October 28, 2022 (including the holders of shares of Preferred Stock) (the “Voting Cap” and, together with the Conversion Cap, the “19.99% Limitation”).

As of December 31, 2024, the 108,649.30 outstanding shares of Convertible Preferred Stock were convertible into approximately 36,416,297 shares of the Company’s common stock. The holders of Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to vote with the holders of common stock, on an as-converted basis. In addition, holders of Convertible Preferred Stock have the right, at their option and at any time, to convert their shares into shares of common stock. Each share of Convertible Preferred Stock will mandatorily convert upon achieving thresholds related to the Company’s market capitalization and profitability metrics and the Company is required to make an offer to repurchase the outstanding Convertible Preferred Stock upon a fundamental change.

Dividends on the Convertible Preferred Stock can be paid in either cash or in kind in the form of additional shares of Convertible Preferred Stock (such payment in kind, “PIK”), at the option of the Company, subject to certain exceptions. If paid in cash, such dividends will be paid at a rate of 13% per annum, subject to certain adjustments and exceptions or, if the Company issues PIK dividends, at a rate of 15% per annum, subject to certain adjustments and exceptions. Each holder of Convertible Preferred Stock has been given certain registration rights pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 28, 2022. As of December 31, 2024, the accumulated but not declared or paid dividends on the Convertible Preferred Stock were $2.4 million.

Based on an evaluation of the investment agreements, the Company determined that the Convertible Preferred Stock is contingently or optionally redeemable and, therefore, does not require liability classification. However, due to the Convertible Preferred Stock being redeemable at the option of the holder or upon a fundamental change, which includes events that are not fully within the Company’s control, it was determined that the Convertible Preferred Stock should be classified as one line item in temporary (mezzanine) equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Liquidation Preference

The Convertible Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Company’s common stock. In the event of any liquidation or winding up of the Company, the holders of the Convertible Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive in preference to the holders of the Company’s common stock the greater of (a) the greater of (i) two times the Initial Value, defined as $1,000 per share and (ii) the Initial Value plus accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, and (b) the amount that would have been received based on the if-converted Accrued Value, defined as Initial Value plus accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared. As of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the liquidation preference of the Convertible Preferred Stock was $599.4 million and $187.8 million, respectively.

Note P – Shareholders’ Equity

On September 2, 2021, the Company approved the authorization to issue up to 500,000,000 shares of common stock at a $0.0001 par value per share and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock at a $0.0001 par value per share.

Committed Equity Facility with B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC

On April 14, 2022, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement and a Registration Rights Agreement with B. Riley. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to direct B. Riley to purchase a specified amount of shares (each, a “Purchase”) over a 24-month period from Commencement (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), which ended on April 14, 2024. Refer to Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments for more information.

Common Stock

The Company had 67,002,370 and 65,546,174 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Dividend Rights

Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Company’s preferred stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with the Company’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends, dividends may be declared and paid ratably on the Company’s common stock out of the assets of the Corporation that are legally available for this purpose at such times and in such amounts as the Company’s Board in its discretion shall determine.

Voting Rights

Each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock is entitled toone vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Holders of shares of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights.

Conversion or Redemption Rights

The Company’s common stock is neither convertible nor redeemable.

Liquidation Rights

Upon the Company’s liquidation, the holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive pro-rata the Company’s assets that are legally available for distribution, after payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any holders of the Company’s preferred stock then outstanding.

Preferred Stock

The Company hadno shares of preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s Board may, without further action by the Company’s shareholders, from time to time, direct the issuance of shares of preferred stock in series and may, at the time of issuance, determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and relative participating, optional or special rights as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the Company’s common stock. Satisfaction of any dividend preferences of outstanding shares of the Company’s preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of dividends on shares of the Company’s common stock. Upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the total number of directors then in office, the Company’s Board may issue shares of the Company’s preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock. Please refer to Note O – Convertible Preferred Stock for further information on the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Note Q – Revenues

The table below presents revenues by customer grouping for the following periods:

The table below presents revenues based on the geographic location of the Company’s customers for the following periods:

Customers comprising 10% or more of revenues are presented below for the following periods:

(1) While revenue may have been generated during each of the periods presented, amounts are only disclosed for the periods in which revenues represented 10% or more of total revenue.

Contract Balances

The table below presents the contract assets and contract liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheets for the following periods:

The increase in contract assets was primarily driven by revenue growth and the timing of billable milestones occurring during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The increase in contract liabilities during 2024 was primarily driven by the timing of large billable milestones occurring during the year ended December 31, 2024. Revenue recognized in the year ended December 31, 2024 that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2023 was $49.4 million. Revenue recognized in the year ended December 31, 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2022 was $28.4 million.

The Company evaluates the contract value and cost estimates at completion (“EAC”) for performance obligations at least quarterly and more frequently when circumstances significantly change. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of the Company’s performance obligations, the estimate of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment by management on a contract-by-contract basis. As part of this process, management reviews information including, but not limited to, labor productivity, the nature and technical complexity of the work to be performed, availability and cost volatility of materials, subcontractor and vendor performance, volume assumptions, inflationary trends, and schedule and performance delays.

When the Company’s estimate of total costs to be incurred to satisfy a performance obligation exceeds the expected revenue, the Company recognizes the loss immediately. When the Company determines that a change in estimate has an impact on the associated profit of a performance obligation, the Company records the cumulative positive or negative adjustment to the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Changes in estimates and assumptions related to the status of certain long-term contracts may have a material effect on the Company’s operating results.

The below table summarizes the favorable (unfavorable) impact of the net EAC adjustments for the following periods:

The net unfavorable EAC adjustments in 2024 were primarily due to additional unplanned labor, design and test cycles required to meet customer requirements in the Company’s spacecraft platforms and missions, structures and mechanisms, avionics, sensors and payloads, and power generation space infrastructure offerings. These net unfavorable EAC adjustments were partially offset by favorable contract adjustments resulting from contract close-outs and modifications in RF systems. The net unfavorable EAC adjustments in 2023 were primarily due to increased production costs as it relates to the development of new technologies within the Mission Solutions reporting unit, which were partially offset by the release of contract reserves and favorable contract adjustments resulting from contract modifications.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $279.9 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 80% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue within the next 12 months and the balance thereafter.

Note R – Employee Benefit Plans

401(k) Plans

The Company maintainedone qualified 401(k) plan for its U.S. employees as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, the Redwire 401(k) plan. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company matched employee contributions 50% up to 8% for the Redwire 401(k) plan.

The table below presents the expense for matching contributions for the following periods:

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors various post-retirement benefit plans through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Space NV, including three cash balance plans: one defined benefit pension plan with risk-based coverage for death and disability benefits (collectively, the “Base Plan”) andtwo supplementary pension bonus plans that provides variable remuneration linked to employees’ performance (the “Performance Plans”). These cash balance plans are defined benefit plans which provide for post-retirement benefits based on employee and employer contributions and prescribed rates of return in accordance with Belgium Regulation. Accordingly, all Space NV employees are eligible to participate in the supplementary pensions immediately upon entry into service and until the legal retirement age. The Company is also required to maintain dormant accounts for former employees who have elected not to transfer plan contributions to their new employer. In addition, Belgium Regulation currently provides for statutory minimum guaranteed returns on employee and employer contributions up to a specified annual rate.

The Company has taken actions to mitigate the risk related to its post-retirement benefit plans through pension risk transfer transactions whereby the Company subscribes to group insurance policies, which are funded by employee and employer premiums (contributions) determined at the beginning of each plan year. Although under the majority of these group insurance policies the Company is relieved of a substantial portion of its responsibility for the associated obligations, the Company ultimately remains responsible for paying benefits under the plans in the event that the insurance company defaults on its obligations in future periods. Under the Company’s group insurance policies, the insurance company guarantees minimum statutory reserves, employee and employer contributions, and specified annual rates of return. Combined employee and employer contributions are invested by the insurance company in Branch 21 investment funds in accordance with Belgium Regulation, which are mainly comprised of fixed income assets, which are commingled with the plan assets of other group insurances for the purpose of providing guaranteed returns. The insurance company has fiduciary responsibility for making investment decisions and there is no contractual requirement to legally separate the plan assets by individual account or group policy.

As a result of the foregoing, the Company has determined that the unit of account is the insurance contract and therefore, on a plan-by-plan basis, recognizes the net funded status as either an asset recorded within other non-current assets or a liability recorded within other non-current liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets. A net liability is recorded to the extent that the benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets or a net asset is recorded to the extent that the fair value of plan assets exceeds the benefit obligation.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company maintainedtwo dormant post-retirement benefit plans for former ROS employees who have chosen not to transfer their contributions to a new employer as of the respective date. The Company’s obligations as of December 31, 2023 under these plans were not significant individually or in the aggregate and, as such, are not included in the following tables. During 2024, the Company sold all its ownership interest in ROS and as a result, the Company has no obligations under these plans as of December 31, 2024. Refer to Note U – Joint Venture for additional information.

Balance Sheet Information

The following table provides a summary of the funded status of the Company’s post-retirement benefit plans and the presentation of such balances within the consolidated balance sheets:

There were no projected benefit obligations included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Funded Status

The following table provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and net funded (unfunded) status of our qualified defined benefit pension plans and our retiree medical and life insurance plans:

Income Statement Information

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of operations during the periods presented:

Fair Value Measurements

The benefit obligations and assets of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans are measured using actuarial valuations, which are derived based on the terms of the insurance contract and other key assumptions provided for under Belgium Regulation. The assumptions made in this analysis affect both the calculation of the benefit obligations as of the measurement date and the calculation of net periodic pension costs in subsequent periods. When reassessing these assumptions, the Company considers past and current market conditions and makes judgments about future market trends. The Company also considers factors such as the timing and amounts of expected contributions to the plans and expected benefit payments to plan participants. The following disclosures include information related to key assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligation and plan assets, which drive the net funded status recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Assumptions are reviewed at least annually and adjusted as appropriate.

The following tables provide the assumptions used to determine the fair value of projected benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit cost, as they pertain to the Company’s cash balance plans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

For the calculation of the projected benefit obligation, all statutory minimum reserves are based on premiums paid by the employee and employer, plus guaranteed returns provided for under Belgium Regulation. Under the terms of the insurance contracts, all minimum reserves are provided 100% coverage while the return on plan assets is guaranteed for an additional amount plus opportunities for profit sharing as determined by the insurance entity. The difference between historical guaranteed rates of return and the guarantee provided by the insurance entity plus any profit sharing allocated to the participant accounts results in an unfunded or funded status that represents the Company’s projected benefit obligation for the respective plans.

The amount of plan assets includes amounts contributed by the employee and employer and amounts earned from investing the contributions, less benefits paid. In accordance with the Company’s group insurance policies, contributions are invested in commingled investment funds, consisting of underlying equity and fixed income securities, respectively. In accordance with Belgium Regulation, a member of a supplementary pension plan whose employment contract comes to an end has the right to transfer their vested reserves to the pension institution of their new employer, contingent upon certain conditions. Accordingly, the best evidence of fair value for plan assets is the cash surrender value, which is classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the insurance contracts was determined by the insurance company’s valuation models and represents the value the Company would receive upon surrender of these policies as of the measurement date.

The following table presents the fair value of the plan assets, represented by the Company’s investment in insurance contracts as of the respective dates:

The Company’s exposure to actuarial gains or losses is limited due to the fact that the assumptions underlying the actuarial analysis, including those presented in the table above, are provisioned for under Belgium Regulation. Similarly, the guarantees provided by the insurance company are based on minimum statutory reserve requirements which results in the same discount rate used to determine both the fair value of the projected benefit obligation as well as the expected (guaranteed) rate of return on plan assets.

Investment Policy

The providers of the Company’s group insurance policies have the fiduciary responsibility for making investment decisions related to the assets of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans. Investment objectives for the assets of these plans are (1) to minimize the net present value of expected funding contributions; (2) to ensure there is a high probability that each plan meets or exceeds our actuarial long-term rate of return assumptions; and (3) to diversify assets to minimize the risk of large losses. The nature and duration of benefit obligations, along with assumptions concerning asset class returns and return correlations, are considered when determining an appropriate asset allocation to achieve the investment objectives. Investment policies and strategies governing the assets of the plans are designed to achieve investment objectives within prudent risk parameters and in accordance with Belgium Regulations. Risk management practices include the use of external investment managers; the maintenance of a portfolio diversified by asset class, investment approach and security holdings; and the maintenance of sufficient liquidity to meet benefit obligations as they come due.

Contributions and Estimated Future Benefit Payments

The required funding of our qualified defined benefit pension plans is determined in accordance with Belgium Regulation. The following table presents contributions made by the employee and employer for the period presented as well as the following year:

The following table provides the projected timing of payments for benefits earned to date and benefits expected to be earned for future service by current active employees under our defined benefit plan:

Note S – Equity-Based Compensation

Incentive Units

The Company’s former parent, AE Red Holdings, LLC (formerly known as Redwire Holdings, LLC) (“Holdings”) adopted a written compensatory benefit plan (the “Class P Unit Incentive Plan”) to provide incentives to existing or new employees, officers, managers, directors, or other service providers of the Company or its subsidiaries in the form of Holdings’ Class P Units (“Incentive Units”). As amended, the Tranche I and the Tranche III Incentive Units became fully vested in 2021. Holdings also amended the Class P Unit Incentive Plan so that the Tranche II Incentive Units would vest on any liquidation event, as defined in the Class P Unit Incentive

Plan, rather than only upon consummation of the sale of Holdings, subject to the market-based condition stipulated in the Class P Unit Incentive Plan prior to its amendment. All compensation expense was recognized during 2021 and 2022 and as of December 31, 2024, Tranches I and III were fully vested and Tranche II is still subject to the market-based vesting condition.

2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan

Shares of the Company’s stock reserved for grants under the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) were 11,786,489 and 10,475,566 as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees and officers employed by the Company. The Plan appoints the Board, the Compensation Committee or such other committee consisting of two or more individuals (collectively, the “Committee”) appointed by the Board to administer the Plan.

Stock Options

The Company’s Plan authorizes the grant of stock options (incentive and non-qualified) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock with a contractual term of 10 years. The options vest over athree-year term as follows:33.3% on the first anniversary of the grant date,33.3% on the second anniversary of the grant date, and 33.4% on the third anniversary of the grant date. Vesting is contingent upon continued employment or service to the Company; both the vested and unvested portion of an option will be immediately forfeited and canceled if employment or service ceases to the Company. The Company recognizes equity-based compensation expense for the options equal to the fair value of the awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of options granted under the Plan is estimated on the grant date under the Black-Scholes OPM.

The Company didnot grant any options under the Plan during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The table below presents the activity of stock options under the Plan:

As of December 31, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted under the Plan was $0.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.5 years. As of December 31, 2024, there were 1,487,468 stock options that were vested and exercisable.

Performance-based Restricted Stock Units

The Plan authorizes the grant of performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”). The PSUs generally vest upon completion of athree-year period (“Performance Period”). The number of shares, if any, that are ultimately awarded is contingent upon the Company’s closing price per share at the end of the Performance Period and continued employment or service to the Company. The performance share payout is based on a market condition, and as such, the awards are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the grant date. The model generates the fair value of the award at the grant date, which is then recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

On July 11, 2024, the Company granted 821,365 shares of PSUs to certain officers, managers and other eligible employees pursuant to the Plan. The PSU award allows the grantee to earn between 0% and 200% of the award based on the Company’s closing price per share at December 31, 2025. The grant date fair value of these awards was $12.66 per share.

The fair value of PSUs granted under the Plan was estimated on the grant date using the Monte Carlo simulation model with the following assumptions:

The table below presents the activity of performance-based restricted stock units under the Plan:

As of December 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSUs granted under the Plan was $9.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units awarded under the Plan follow the same vesting conditions as the options described above and are generally subject to forfeiture in the event of termination of employment prior to vesting dates. The Company recognizes equity-based compensation expense for the restricted stock units equal to the fair value of the awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

On May 23, 2024, the Company granted 125,526 restricted stock units of the Company’s common stock to non-employee directors. The restricted stock units vest on theone year anniversary of the grant date, subject to the director’s continued service on the Board. The weighted average grant date fair value of these awards was $4.78 per share.

On July 11, 2024 and August 30, 2024, the Company granted 958,035 and 148,148 restricted stock units, respectively, to certain officers, managers and other eligible employees with a grant date fair value of $7.45 and $6.75 per share, respectively. The restricted stock units follow the same vesting conditions as the options described above, with the exception of the awards granted on August 30, 2024, which vest on theone year anniversary of the grant date, subject to the grantees continued employment or service to the Company.

The table below presents the activity of restricted stock units under the Plan:

As of December 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units granted under the Plan was $9.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On September 2, 2021, the Company’s Board adopted the Redwire Corporation 2021 ESPP which authorizes the grant of rights to purchase common stock of the Company to employees, officers and directors (if they are otherwise employees) of the Company. Shares of the Company’s stock reserved for grants under the ESPP were 2,680,999 and 2,025,537 as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The ESPP appoints the Compensation Committee to administer the ESPP. Under the ESPP, there is an enrollment period for each offering, when each eligible employee for that offering period has the option to enroll for that offering period, which allows the eligible employee to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at the end of the offering period. Each offering period under the ESPP is generally forfive months, which can be modified from time to time. Subject to limitations, each participant will be permitted to purchase a number of shares determined by dividing the employee’s accumulated payroll deductions for the offering period by the applicable purchase price, which is equal to 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the beginning or end of each offering period, whichever is less. A participant must designate in the enrollment package the percentage (if any) up to 15% of compensation to be deducted during that offering period for the purchase of stock under the ESPP, subject to certain limitations. As of December 31, 2024, the Company hadtwo completed and no active offering period.

The ESPP is considered a compensatory plan with the related compensation cost expensed over thefive month offering period. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes OPM to compute the fair market value of shares under the ESPP for each offering period. As of December 31, 2024,276,538 shares had been purchased and 2,404,461 shares were available for future sales under the ESPP.

The table below presents the equity-based compensation expense recorded for the following periods:

Note T – Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

The table below presents a reconciliation of the basic and diluted net income (loss) per share that were computed for the following periods:

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share are calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator) during the period. Net income (loss) available to common shareholders (the numerator) is calculated by deducting both dividends declared and accumulated, regardless of the form of payment, during the period from Net income (loss) attributable to Redwire Corporation as presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding for the periods presented using the treasury-stock method or, for participating securities, the if-converted method or two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. Common equivalent shares outstanding includes the dilutive effects from the assumed issuance, exercise or conversion of warrants, equity-based awards, and the Convertible Preferred Stock, except when antidilutive.

Because the Company had a net loss for all periods presented, the Company didnot have any dilutive securities and/or other contracts that could, potentially, be exercised or converted into shares of common stock and then share in the earnings of the Company. As a result, diluted net income (loss) per common share is the same as basic net income (loss) per common share for the periods presented. Please refer to Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Note L – Warrants, Note O – Convertible Preferred Stock, and Note S – Equity-Based Compensation for additional information on the Company’s warrants, Convertible Preferred Stock, and equity-based compensation awards, respectively.

Note U – Joint Venture

The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Space NV, participated in a joint venture operation with SES Techcom S.A. (“Techcom”) for the purpose of performing maintenance and operations services (“M&O Services”) for the European Space Agency (“ESA”), among others. Pursuant to a shareholders agreement dated June 28, 2007, this joint venture was created under the form oftwo companies: Redu Space Service SA/NV (“RSS”) and Redu Operation Services SA/NV (“ROS”), both of which are organized under Belgian law. Total authorized share capital for RSS and ROS was €250 thousand. The Company had an ownership interest in RSS and ROS of 48% and 52%, respectively, while Techcom had ownership interests in RSS and ROS of 52% and 48%, respectively. Voting rights, board representation and distribution of residual returns are proportionate to these equity interests.

M&O Services provided under the joint venture include development, operation and maintenance of satellite communication systems and ground facilities as well as in-orbit testing and educational support services on delivered infrastructure. These services are jointly performed with ROS serving as a subcontractor to RSS. Pursuant to an agreement dated April 1, 2022 (the “Transfer Agreement”), all M&O activities were transferred from ROS to RSS, including personnel, and the subcontractor relationship between ROS and RSS was terminated on the same date.

The joint venture automatically terminated on the earlier of: (i) the expiration of the M&O Service agreement with ESA, unless other business is conducted by either company at the time of expiration, (ii) complete withdrawal of ownership interests held by Space NV or Techcom, or (iii) unanimous consent by the shareholders that both RSS and ROS are dissolved.

In May 2024, Space NV (“seller”) and Techcom (“purchaser”) entered into a share purchase agreement (the “SPA Agreement”), whereby the seller sold to the purchaser all the shares owned by the seller in both ROS and RSS for total cash consideration of $4.9 million (€4.5 million), effectuating a complete withdrawal of ownership interests held by Space NV, and terminating the joint ventures, resulting in an aggregate gain on the sale of joint ventures of $1.3 million. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had no remaining ownership interest in ROS and RSS. As a result of the sale, the Company reclassified $0.2 million out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the accumulated translation adjustments of ROS and RSS. The reclassified accumulated translation adjustments are included in other (income) expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Prior to the SPA Agreement, the Company had significant influence over the joint venture operations and received a management fee in exchange for administrative services. Both RSS and ROS were accounted for under the VIE model due to insufficient equity investment at risk to finance operations without subordinated financial support. Additional information with regard to these entities is provided below.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entity

ROS was formed with an initial issued share capital of €0.1 million representing 1,000 shares of €100 par value each. The shares were fully paid upon incorporation with Space NV and Techcom owning 52% and 48%, respectively. ROS’s board of directors is composed offive members elected for renewable terms of 2 years.

Prior to the SPA Agreement, the Company evaluated its interests in the joint venture and determined that Space NV had a variable interest in ROS as of December 31, 2023. Due to their power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, Space NV was determined to be the primary beneficiary and, therefore, consolidated ROS as of December 31, 2023. Total assets and total liabilities for ROS were $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023.

As a result of the SPA Agreement, the Company evaluated its interests in the joint venture and determined that Space NV no longer had a variable interest in ROS. Therefore, the Company deconsolidated ROS as of June 30, 2024, resulting in a $0.1 million gain, which is included in other (income) expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Net income from ROS for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was de minimis.

Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entity

RSS was formed with an initial issued share capital of €0.1 million representing 1,000 shares of €100 par value each. The shares were fully paid upon incorporation with Techcom and Space NV owning 52% and 48%, respectively. RSS’s board of directors is composed offive members elected for renewable terms of 2 years.

Prior to the SPA Agreement, the Company determined that Space NV was not the primary beneficiary of RSS due to Techcom having the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance. As a result of having ownership greater than 20% but less than 50% and holding two of five board seats, Space NV had the ability to exercise significant influence over the entity. Accordingly, RSS was accounted for as an equity method investment.

Net income (loss) from RSS was de minimis for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company recognized a loss from RSS of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Net income (loss) from RSS is included in other (income) expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As a result of the SPA Agreement, the Company determined it no longer had a variable interest in RSS. Therefore, the Company derecognized the carrying value of the equity method investment as of June 30, 2024, resulting in a gain of $1.2 million, which is included in other (income) expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The carrying value of the equity method investment was $3.6 million as of December 31, 2023.

Note V – Related Parties

A customer of the Company, Related Party A, was a related party as Kirk Konert, a member of the Company’s Board, also serves on the board of directors for the customer effective as of the second quarter of 2022. Peter Cannito, the Company’s Chairman, CEO and President, also served on the board of directors for the customer from the second quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2024.

A customer of the Company, Related Party B, was a related party as AEI acquired a majority interest in the customer during the fourth quarter of 2022 and Kirk Konert, a member of the Company’s Board, also serves on the board of directors for this customer.

The table below presents details of the Company’s related party transactions included on the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the following periods:

In the normal course of business, the Company participates in related party transactions with certain vendors and customers where AEI maintains a significant ownership interest and/or can exhibit significant influence on the operations of such parties. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, transactions with other companies in AEI’s investment portfolio, not separately disclosed, did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Please refer to Note O – Convertible Preferred Stock, for related party transactions associated with the Company’s Convertible Preferred Stock.

Note W – Segment Reporting

The Company operates inone operating segment andone reportable segment, space infrastructure. The space infrastructure segment develops and provides core space infrastructure offerings including technologies and production capability for avionics and sensors; power generation; structures and mechanisms; radio frequency systems; platforms, payloads and missions; and microgravity payloads.

The accounting policies of the space infrastructure segment are the same as those described in the summary of accounting policies. The CODM assesses performance and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net income (loss) that is also reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as consolidated net income (loss). The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets. The CODM also uses consolidated gross profit to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on assets) in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the space infrastructure segment or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions. Consolidated gross profit is reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as gross profit. Consolidated net income (loss) and gross profit are used to monitor budget versus actual results. The monitoring of budgeted versus actual results is used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing management’s compensation.

All expense categories on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) are significant and there are no other significant segment expenses that would require disclosure or are regularly provided to the CODM. Assets provided to the CODM are consistent with those reported on the consolidated balance sheets with particular emphasis on the Company’s available liquidity, including its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.

The Company has no intra-segment sales or transfers as it operates inone operating segment andone reportable segment. Information related to the Company’s products and services and geographical distribution of revenues is disclosed in Note Q – Revenues.

Note X – Subsequent Events

On January 20, 2025, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Edge Autonomy Ultimate Holdings, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Seller”), Edge Autonomy Intermediate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (together with its subsidiaries, “Edge Autonomy”), Echelon Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and Echelon Purchaser, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to which the Company will, via the mergers set forth in the Merger Agreement (the “Mergers”), acquire Edge Autonomy, a leading provider of field-proven uncrewed airborne system (“UAS”) technology.

The aggregate purchase price (the “Closing Purchase Price”) payable by Redwire at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Closing”) is $925 million, subject to customary working capital, cash and debt adjustments. The Closing Purchase Price would be paid using $150 million in cash and $775 million in shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, of the Company (“Redwire Common Shares”), based on the volume-weighted average trading price on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) for the 30 trading days ending on January 17, 2025 of $15.07 (the “Issuance Price”). The Company may finance the cash portion of the Closing Purchase Price, at its option, with cash on its balance sheet, availability under its existing credit facility, proceeds from new debt facilities and/or the proceeds of a new equity offering. If a portion of the proceeds of such debt and/or new equity offering, along with Edge Autonomy’s available cash, would also be utilized to repay Edge Autonomy’s outstanding indebtedness and to fund transaction expenses, such amount utilized would reduce the Closing Purchase Price.

If the Company determines, at its option, to undertake a new equity offering of Redwire Common Shares consummated prior to Closing (the “Equity Financing”), the amount of cash to be paid at Closing would be increased and the equity consideration decreased by an equal amount if the net proceeds of any Equity Financing exceed certain amounts. In addition, if the Company elects to raise cash in an Equity Financing, the Issuance Price would be increased or decreased depending on the per share price of such Equity Financing. The issuance of the Redwire Common Shares to the Seller at the Closing would be made in reliance on an exemption from the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, set forth in Section 4(a)(2) thereof, relating to sales by an issuer not involving a public offering.

The obligations of each of the parties are subject to specified conditions, including, among other things: (i) receipt of the approval from the Company’s stockholders and (ii) the receipt of all required antitrust and foreign investment approvals and clearances, or, where applicable, the expiration or termination of waiting periods. The Merger Agreement contains termination rights for each of the Company and Seller, including in the event that (i) the Closing has not occurred by July 21, 2025 (the “Outside Date”) (provided, that the Outside Date may be extended to October 17, 2025 in the event that the only remaining condition to Closing is the receipt of all required antitrust and foreign investment approvals and clearances, or, where applicable, the expiration or termination of waiting periods); or (ii) the Company’s stockholders do not approve the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

Subsequent to December 31, 2024,5,696,361 public warrants have been exercised and converted into 5,696,361 shares of Company’s common stock at the exercise price of $11.50 per share for proceeds of $65.5 million. Additionally,4,631,799 privates warrants were exercised, at the holders option, on a cashless basis for 2,293,739 shares of the Company’s common stock. On February 20, 2025, the Company directed its warrant agent to deliver a notice of redemption to each registered holder of the outstanding public warrants in accordance with the terms under the warrant agreement as further described in Note L – Warrants.