Xos, Inc.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025. Based upon each of their evaluations, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were not effective at the reasonable assurance level for the year ended December 31, 2025, due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting discussed below.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for designing, implementing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting cannot prevent or detect all possible instances of errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 and, in making this assessment, used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Because of the material weaknesses described below, our management believes that, as of December 31, 2025, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective based on those criteria.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, a material weakness increases the risk that the financial information we report contains material errors. If we fail to remediate these material weaknesses, determine that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, discover areas that need improvement in the future or discover additional material weaknesses, these shortcomings could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results, and the price of our Common Stock could be negatively affected.

As disclosed in our prior year Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, management identified material weaknesses in the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting related to three areas, specifically, inventory management, revenue recognition, and information technology (IT) general controls. Management concluded that these material weaknesses were primarily attributable to insufficient internal resources with technical accounting and financial reporting expertise, which adversely impacted our internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2025, management completed remediation efforts to address the material weaknesses related to inventory management and IT general controls. These remediation activities included the addition of qualified personnel, enhanced training related to inventory management processes, and the implementation of strengthened monitoring procedures and updated policies addressing segregation of duties across IT systems, processes and controls. In addition, the Company engaged external consultants with expertise in public company internal control compliance to assist in the assessment, design, implementation, and testing of certain controls related to inventory management and IT general controls.

During the financial reporting close process for the year ended December 31, 2025, management continued to identify material weaknesses in the design and operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting related to revenue recognition. Management also identified additional material weaknesses related to the timeliness of recording supplier and vendor accruals, including instances in which accruals were not properly recorded due to deficiencies in the identification and evaluation of vendor contract terminations.

Management believes these material weaknesses resulted from limited resources within our accounting and operations functions, which restricted its ability to timely identify, evaluate, and address technical accounting and disclosure matters affecting the consolidated financial statements. As part of management’s efforts to reduce costs and preserve liquidity, we were unable to develop and retain sufficient personnel to adequately fulfill internal control responsibilities, resulting in an insufficient complement of individuals with the appropriate level of accounting knowledge and experience. Accordingly, management has concluded that these deficiencies were attributable to insufficient internal resources in technical accounting and financial reporting, which adversely impacted our internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Based on the results of our evaluation and the material weaknesses described above, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP as of December 31, 2025.

Notwithstanding these material weaknesses, management has concluded that our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with U.S. GAAP for each of the periods presented therein.

Remediation of Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

To remediate the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting related to the ineffective design and operating effectiveness of controls over revenue recognition, the timeliness of recording supplier and vendor accruals, and the timely identification and assessment of vendor contract terminations, management is implementing enhancements to our financial reporting control framework. These remediation efforts are intended to strengthen both disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting by further documenting and implementing control activities to address the identified risks of material misstatement, as well as enhancing monitoring activities over such controls. Management believes these remediation efforts are progressing as planned and expects to remediate the material weaknesses during the year ending December 31, 2026.

Our remediation efforts are expected to include, but are not limited to, the following actions:

•Adding qualified personnel and providing enhanced training to improve the assessment and documentation of contractual terms and conditions within the revenue recognition process;

•Strengthening communication protocols between our sales, accounting, and finance teams to ensure timely identification and evaluation of any non‑standard contract terms and conditions;

•Designing and implementing a precise control, using existing personnel, to ensure the timely identification and assessment of vendor contract terminations, and providing enhanced training to improve the timely identification, evaluation, and recording of supplier and vendor accruals; and

•Engaging external consultants with expertise in public company internal control compliance to assist in assessing and implementing additional controls related to revenue recognition.

To further remediate the identified material weaknesses, management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has reaffirmed and reinforced the importance of effective internal control, control consciousness and maintaining a strong control environment throughout the organization. Management expects to continue its efforts to evaluate, refine, and enhance our financial reporting controls and procedures. These material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that the enhanced controls are designed appropriately and operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except as noted above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.