SoFi Technologies, Inc.

The income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $44.5 million, primarily attributable to the Company’s profitability, partially offset by tax benefits for stock compensation. See Note 17. Income Taxes to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. On July 4, 2025, the OBBB was enacted into law, which included certain modifications to U.S. tax law. The enacted portions of the OBBB have not had a material impact on the Company's results of operations in 2025.

Our income tax benefit in 2024 primarily due to the release in the fourth quarter of a $258.4 million valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets based on our reassessment of their realizability. The timing of this valuation allowance release was primarily due to our cumulative income combined with projections of continued profitability. Management defines cumulative income as the most recent three years of pre-tax income when adjusted for certain non-recurring, non-taxable, or non-deductible transactions.

Our income tax benefit in 2023 was primarily attributable to income tax benefits from foreign losses in jurisdictions with net deferred tax liabilities related to Technisys. Our 2023 benefits were partially offset by income tax expense associated with the profitability of SoFi Bank in state jurisdictions where separate filings are required, as well as federal taxes where our tax credits and loss carryforwards may be limited.

Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not expected to be realized. In making such a determination of whether a valuation allowance is necessary, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence supporting the allowance. As noted above, in 2024 we released a significant portion of our valuation allowance. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we continue to maintain a valuation allowance in certain state and foreign jurisdictions where sufficient positive evidence does not exist to support the realizability of deferred tax assets. Management will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance in future periods. See Note 17. Income Taxes to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.