MediaAlpha, Inc.
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 23, 2026.
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FY2025 · Filed Feb 23, 2026
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of MediaAlpha, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MediaAlpha, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of stockholders’ deficit and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Revenue Recognition
As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company's revenue was $1,113.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company conducts business in two distinct business models - Open Marketplace transactions and Private Marketplace transactions. In Open Marketplace transactions, the Company is the principal and generates revenue by delivering qualified calls, leads and click transactions (“Consumer Referrals”) to its customers (“Demand Partners”) on its technology platform. In Private Marketplace transactions, the Company acts as an agent facilitating the sale of Consumer Referrals by others, providing access to its platform to the customer (the “Supply Partner”) as a tracking, reporting, optimization, and analytics tool for their use in transacting with the Demand Partner, and generates revenue by charging the Supply Partner a platform fee on the Consumer Referrals transacted. The Company recognizes revenue when the Consumer Referrals are transferred to the Demand Partners in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is entitled. Management has assessed the services promised in the Company’s contracts with customers and has identified one performance obligation in each transaction model. In Open Marketplace transactions, the Company's performance obligation is the delivery of Consumer Referrals that meet its Demand Partners’ specifications, and in Private Marketplace transactions the Company's performance obligation is to provide access to its technology platform for use in delivering Consumer Referral transactions between its Supply Partner and the Demand Partner. The transaction price for the delivery of each Consumer Referral is determined and recorded in real time and no estimation of variable consideration or future consideration is required.
The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition is a critical audit matter is a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures related to the Company's revenue recognition.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing revenue recognized for a sample of revenue transactions by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as executed agreements, invoices, evidence of performance, and subsequent cash receipts; (ii) confirming a sample of outstanding customer invoice balances as of December 31, 2025 and, for confirmations not returned, obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as invoices and subsequent cash receipts; and (iii) testing when the performance obligation was delivered to the customer for a sample of revenue transactions before and subsequent to December 31, 2025 by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as executed agreements, invoices, and evidence of performance.
Tax Receivables Agreement (“TRA”)
As described in Notes 1, 2 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, in connection with the reorganization transactions and the initial public offering, the Company entered into a TRA related to the tax basis step-up of the assets of QL Holdings LLC (“QLH”) and certain net operating losses of Guilford Holdings, Inc. (“Intermediate Holdco”). The TRA provides for the payment by the Company of 85% of the amount of any tax benefits the Company actually realizes, or in some cases is deemed to realize, as a result of (i) increases in the Company’s share of the tax basis in the net assets of QLH resulting from any redemptions or exchanges of Class B-1 units of QLH; (ii) tax basis increases attributable to payments made under the TRA; and (iii) deductions attributable to imputed interest pursuant to the TRA. The TRA liability is calculated by (i) determining the tax attributes subject to the TRA; (ii) applying a blended tax rate to the tax attributes; and (iii) calculating the iterative impact. Amounts payable under the TRA are contingent upon, among other things, (i) the generation of future taxable income to support realization and (ii) the tax laws and rates, including state apportionment, applicable at the time of each exchange. The Company recognizes obligations under the TRA after concluding that it is probable that the Company would have sufficient future taxable income in aggregate over the term of the TRA to utilize the related tax benefits. The Company recorded a liability under the TRA of $131.1 million, of which $6.9 million was classified as current within accrued expenses as of December 31, 2025.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the TRA is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management in determining the liability under the TRA ; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumption related to the generation of future taxable income as well as management’s interpretation of the tax laws and determination of the tax rates applicable at the time of each exchange; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the liability under the TRA. These procedures also included, among others (i) reading the TRA; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the methodology used for determining the liability under the TRA; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the determination of the liability under the TRA; (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumption used by management related to the generation of future taxable income; and (v) evaluating management’s interpretation of the tax laws and determination of the tax rates applicable at the time of each exchange. Evaluating management’s assumption related to the generation of future taxable income involved evaluating whether the assumption used by management was reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the Company; (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iii) whether the assumption was consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in (i) evaluating the appropriateness of the methodology used for determining the liability under the TRA; (ii) developing an independent estimate of the liability under the TRA, including the application of the relevant tax laws and rates applicable at the time of each exchange; and (iii) comparing the independent estimate to management’s estimate to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimate.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 23, 2026
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
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