CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP. /DE

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025

OR

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number:001-39252

Clover Health Investments, Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Not Applicable(1)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x Noo

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yeso No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x Noo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x Noo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b)o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yeso Nox At June 30, 2025, the aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $1,131,971,907, based on a closing price of $2.79.

At February 20, 2026, the registrant had 428,951,430 shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 95,715,856 shares of Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement for use in connection with its 2026 annual meeting of stockholders will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the close of registrant's fiscal year and are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.

(1) We are a remote-first company. Accordingly, we do not maintain a headquarters. For purposes of compliance with applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, stockholder communications required to be sent to our principal executive offices may be directed to the email address: secretary@cloverhealth.com, or to our agent for service of process at The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801.

Table of Contents

As used in this report, "Company," "Clover," "Clover Health," "we," "us," "our," "our company," and similar terms refer to Clover Health Investments, Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations, financial position, market size and opportunity, our business strategy and plans, the factors affecting our performance and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "could," "should," "would," "can," "expect," "project," "outlook," "forecast," "objective," "plan," "potential," "seek," "grow," "target," "if," and the negative or plural of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks related to:

•our expectations regarding results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows;

•our expectations regarding the development and management of our business;

•our ability to maintain and increase adoption and use of Clover Assistant ("CA"), including the expansion of Clover Assistant technology for external payors and providers under the brand name Counterpart Assistant;

•our ability to successfully enter new service markets and manage our operations;

•anticipated trends and challenges in our business and in the markets in which we operate;

•any current, pending, or future legislation, regulations or policies that could have a negative effect on our revenue, profit margins, cash flows and business, including, without limitation The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, and other rules, regulations, and policies relating to healthcare, Medicare generally and medical loss ratios;

•our ability to effectively manage our member base and provider network;

•the anticipated benefits associated with the use of Clover Assistant, including our ability to utilize the platform to manage our medical expenses and medical loss ratios;

•our ability to maintain or improve our Star Ratings or otherwise continue to improve the financial performance of our business;

•our ability to develop new features and functionality that meet market needs and achieve market acceptance;

•our ability to retain and hire necessary employees and staff our operations appropriately;

•the timing and amount of certain investments in growth;

•the outcome of any known and unknown litigation and regulatory proceedings;

•fluctuations in the price of our Class A common stock and our continued compliance with Nasdaq's listing requirements;

•our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property;

•general economic conditions and uncertainty;

•inflation and fluctuating interest rates;

•geopolitical uncertainty and instability

We caution you that the foregoing list of judgments, risks, and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements may not be complete. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur or may be materially different from what we expect. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains estimates, projections, and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for our products. We obtained the industry, market, and similar data set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K from our own internal estimates and research and from industry research, publications, surveys, and studies conducted by third parties, including governmental agencies, and such information is inherently subject to uncertainties. Actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances that are assumed in this information. You are cautioned not to give undue weight to any such information, projections or estimates.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including without limitation, the important factors described in our reports filed with the SEC, including the discussion under "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Additional Information

Our website address is www.cloverhealth.com. Our filings with the SEC are posted on our website and available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The content on our website or on any other website referred to in this document is not incorporated by reference in this document. Further, the Company's references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only.

Channels for Disclosure of Information

Investors and others should note that we routinely announce material information to investors and the marketplace using filings with the SEC, press releases, public conference calls, presentations, webcasts, and the investor relations page of our website at investors.cloverhealth.com. We use the investor relations page of our website for purposes of compliance with Regulation FD and as a routine channel for distribution of important information, including news releases, analyst presentations, financial information, and corporate governance practices. We also use certain social media channels as a means of disclosing information about the Company and our products to our customers, investors, and the public, including @CloverHealth and #CloverHealth on X and the LinkedIn accounts of our Chief Executive Officer, Andrew Toy, and our Chief Financial Officer, Peter Kuipers. The information posted on social media channels is not incorporated by reference in this report or in any other report or document we file with the SEC. While not all of the information that we post to the investor relations page of our website or to social media accounts is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in the Company to review the information that we share on our investor relations page of our website at investors.cloverhealth.com and to sign up for and regularly follow our social media accounts. Users may automatically receive email alerts and other information about the Company when enrolling an email address by visiting "Email Alerts" in the "Investor Resources" section of our website at investors.cloverhealth.com.

Risk Factor Summary

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those risks highlighted in the section of this report titled "Risk Factors," that represent challenges that we face in connection with our business. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in the section titled "Risk Factors," alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. These risks include, among others, the following, which we consider to be our most material risks:

•We have incurred net losses in the past, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

•Our long-term success depends on maintaining and continuing to improve CA, and the expansion of CA to external partners, as such, our past results may not be indicative of future performance.

•Our future performance depends in part on increasing the lifetime value of enrollments, which are realized over several years, and utilizing our clinical care capabilities to improve the quality of care for our members. Any failure to do so could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations, including our ability to achieve or increase profitability.

•If adoption and use of Clover Assistant is lower than we expect, our growth may slow or stall, or if we experience a decline in the number of our Insurance members, which we may refer to as "lives under Clover management" or similar wording in this report, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

•If we fail to estimate, price for and manage medical expenses in an effective manner, the profitability of our business could decline, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

•The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' risk adjustment payment system makes our revenue and profitability difficult to predict and could result in material retroactive adjustments to our results of operations.

•We derive substantially all of our revenues from Medicare Advantage premiums and expect to continue to derive a substantial portion of our Total revenues in the future from Medicare Advantage premiums, and, as a result, changes or developments in Medicare generally, or the health insurance system and laws and regulations governing the health insurance markets in the United States, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects.

•We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

•If we are unable to succeed in maintaining or expanding the number of members under our Medicare Advantage plans, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.

•Our members remain concentrated in certain geographic areas and populations, which exposes us to unfavorable changes in local benefit costs, reimbursement rates, competition, and economic conditions.

•Our results of operations may be adversely affected if we are unable to grow our provider networks or contract with providers, medical facilities, and other entities on competitive terms.

•We may be unable to effectively manage our growth, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

•Our international research and development operations pose certain risks to our business that may be different from risks associated with our core domestic business operations.

•Our failure to protect our sites, networks, and systems against security breaches, or otherwise to protect our confidential or health information or the confidential or health information of our members, providers, or other third parties, could damage our reputation and brands, and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

•We are currently, and may in the future be, subject to investigations and litigation, which could be costly and time-consuming to defend and the outcomes of which cannot be predicted.

•Our use and disclosure of personally identifiable information, including health information, is subject to federal and state privacy and security regulations, and our failure to comply with those regulations or to adequately secure the information we hold could result in significant liability or reputational harm and, in turn, a material adverse effect on our client base and results of operations.

•Failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our internally-developed technology and our brands, and our business may be adversely affected.

•Our failure to obtain or maintain the right to use certain of our intellectual property could negatively affect our business.

•The market prices and trading volume of our shares of Class A common stock have in the past experienced periods of extreme volatility and steep declines, and such volatility and price declines may occur in the future in ways that may be unrelated, or disproportionate, to our operating performance.

•Sales of substantial amounts of our securities in the public markets, or the perception that they might occur, could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

•The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting power with certain stockholders, including our directors and executive officers and their respective affiliates, who held in the aggregate 71.2% of the voting power of our capital stock at December 31, 2025. This ownership will limit or preclude the ability of our other stockholders to influence corporate matters, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other major corporate transaction requiring stockholder approval.

•Certain provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law may prevent or hinder attempts by our stockholders to change our management or to acquire a controlling interest in us. The trading price of our Class A common stock may be lower as a result.