Aerovate Therapeutics Inc

NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

(a) Organization and Nature of Operations

Aerovate Therapeutics Inc. (“Aerovate” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in July 2018, and is headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts. The Company has a wholly owned subsidiary, Aerovate Securities Corporation. The Company is a biopharmaceutical company. The Company’s initial focus was on advancing AV-101, the Company’s dry powder inhaled formulation of imatinib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (“PAH”). However, in June 2024, the Company announced negative results from the Phase 2b portion of its global Phase 2b/Phase 3 trial of AV-101 in adults with PAH, and, as a result, the Company decided to halt enrollment and shut down the Phase 3 portion of the Phase 2b/Phase 3 trial as well as the long-term extension study. In June 2024, the Company announced a corporate restructuring and in July 2024, the Company engaged Wedbush PacGrow as the Company’s exclusive strategic financial advisor to assist in the process of exploring strategic alternatives, including but not limited to an acquisition, merger, reverse merger, business combination, liquidation or other transaction.

On October 30, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Caribbean Merger Sub I, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub I”), Caribbean Merger Sub II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub II” and together with Merger Sub I, the “Merger Subs”), and Jade Biosciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Jade”), pursuant to which, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, among other things, Merger Sub I will merge with and into Jade, with Jade surviving the merger as the surviving corporation (the “First Merger”), and as part of the same overall transaction, Jade will merge with and into Merger Sub II, with Merger Sub II continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the surviving corporation of the merger (the “Second Merger” and together with the First Merger, the “Merger”). In addition, in connection with the closing of the Merger (the “Closing”), the Company expects to declare a cash dividend to its pre-Merger stockholders of approximately $65.0 million in the aggregate (the “Cash Dividend”), provided such amount is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Merger Agreement. The Merger was approved by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”), and the Board resolved to recommend approval of the Merger Agreement to the Company’s stockholders. The Closing is subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company and Jade as well as other customary closing conditions, including the effectiveness of a registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in connection with the transaction. If the Merger is completed, the business of Jade will continue as the business of the combined company.

(b) At-the-Market Offering

On April 5, 2023, the Company entered into an ATM Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with BofA Securities, Inc., or the Agent, pursuant to which the Company can sell, from time to time, at its option, up to an aggregate of $75.0 million of shares of its common stock, through the Agent, as its sales agent. As of September 30, 2024,3,462,721 shares have been sold under the Sales Agreement, generating $67.9 million of net proceeds after deducting commissions to the Agent and other offering costs. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, up to $6.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock remain available for sale from time to time under the Sales Agreement.

(c) Liquidity and Management Plans

Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its resources to research and development activities, business planning, establishing and maintaining its intellectual property portfolio, hiring personnel, raising capital, and providing general and administrative support for these operations and has not realized revenues from its planned principal operations. The Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since

inception. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $88.7 million.

Management believes that the Company’s current cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to meet its obligations for at least twelve months from the filing date of this report while it explores strategic alternatives.

(2) BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include only normal and recurring adjustments that the Company believes are necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows.

The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any subsequent interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Because all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements are not included herein, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes accompanying them should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Reported amounts and note disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that are most likely to occur and anticipated measures management intends to take. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Accounting estimates and management judgements reflected in the consolidated financial statements include: normal recurring accruals, including the accrual for research and development expenses, stock-based compensation, fair value of investments, and operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed quarterly. Any revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

(c) Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration of potential dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares plus the potential dilutive effects of potential dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from diluted earnings or loss per share if the effect of such inclusion is antidilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per

share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

The following table summarizes the Company’s net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would have had an anti-dilutive effect are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):

(d) Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not anticipate this ASU to materially impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, and does not anticipate this ASU to materially impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

(3) FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their respective input levels based on the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of the Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments. Cash equivalents consisted of money market funds and commercial paper, and short-term investments consisted of U.S. Treasury bills, agency bonds, corporate debt securities, and commercial paper. The Company obtains pricing information from its investment manager and generally determines the fair value of investment securities using standard observable inputs, including reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and bids and/or offers.

The following tables summarize the Company’s short-term investments (in thousands):

The following tables summarize the Company’s short-term investments with unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater (in thousands):

The Company did not hold any short-term investments in a loss position as of September 30, 2024. The Company considers whether unrealized losses have resulted from a credit loss or other factors. The unrealized losses on the Company’s short-term investments as of December 31, 2023, were caused by fluctuations in market value and interest rates as a result of the economic environment and not credit risk. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no allowance for credit losses was recorded. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company did not recognize any impairment losses related to its short-term investments. It is neither management’s intention to sell nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these investments prior to recovery of their cost basis or recovery of fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss).

Accrued interest receivable is written off through net realized investment gains (losses) at the time the issuer of the bond defaults or is expected to default on payment. Accrued interest receivable related to short-term investments was $0.3 million as of September 30, 2024 and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2023.

(4) BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

In June 2024, following the Company’s decision to halt further development of AV-101, the Company announced its plan to terminate nearly all of its workforce in the coming months (the “Workforce Reduction Plan”). As of September 30, 2024,46 individuals, or approximately 90% of the Company’s workforce, have been terminated. The affected individuals have been and will be provided severance benefits, including cash severance payments. Each affected individual’s eligibility for severance benefits is contingent upon entering into a separation agreement, which includes a general release of claims against the Company. In connection with the Workforce Reduction Plan, the Company incurred costs (in consideration of releases) of approximately $6.4 million, which are primarily one-time severance benefits, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company has paid approximately $2.4 million of severance benefits, and liabilities associated with the Workforce Reduction Plan were approximately $4.0 million as of September 30, 2024. The Company estimates that the remaining liabilities will be paid in the fourth quarter of 2024 and first quarter of 2025.

Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

(5) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In August 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement (the “Waltham Lease”) for approximately 5,000 square feet of office space in Waltham, Massachusetts for the Company’s corporate headquarters. The Waltham Lease has a term ofthirty-nine months (“Lease Term”), unless extended or earlier terminated. The Company had the option to extend the Waltham Lease forone additional period ofthree years. The Lease Term has an initial abatement period, and the initial base rent payable is approximately $18,000 per month following the abatement period. The initial base rent payable will increase by approximately 2% per year over the Lease Term. The Waltham Lease commencement date was September 1, 2021. In January 2024, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Waltham Lease resulting in the lease expiring on December 31, 2025, and an increase of $1.00 per rentable square foot during the additional lease term. In obtaining this lease extension, the Company no longer has the option to extend the Waltham Lease forone additional period ofthree years.

In April 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement (the “Foster City Lease”) for approximately 3,500 square feet of office space in Foster City, California. The Foster City Lease has a term ofthirty-nine months, unless extended or earlier terminated. The Company has the option to extend the Foster City Lease for an additional period ofone year. The base rent payable under the Foster City Lease is $22,600 per month and will

be subject to annual increase of 3% on each anniversary. Following the Company’s Workforce Reduction Plan, the Company terminated all employees in the Foster City office and vacated the premises in September 2024. As a result, the Company impaired the related right-of-use asset of approximately $0.3 million, and recognized a loss on impairment in its general and administrative operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2024, the future minimum annual lease payments under the operating leases were as follows (in thousands):

As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. The components of operating leases as of September 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands except lease term and discount rate):

Supplemental cash flow information related to cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was as follows (in thousands):

Rent expense was as follows (in thousands):

(6) STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

On July 2, 2021, the Company’s certificate of amendment to its certificate of incorporation became effective, which provided 150,000,000 authorized shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share and 10,000,000 authorized shares of undesignated preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

The holders of the common stock are entitled toone vote for each share of common stock held at all meetings of stockholders.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had reserved the following shares of common stock for future issuance:

(7) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

(a) Stock Option Plan

The Company’s 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) was adopted by the Company’s board of directors and approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2021 and became effective as of June 29, 2021. Upon the effectiveness of the 2021 Plan, the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) was terminated and no further grants may be made thereunder. The Company’s 2021 Plan allows for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock bonuses, restricted stock, stock units and other forms of awards including cash awards to its officers, directors, employees, consultants and advisors.

As of September 30, 2024, a total of 5,675,841 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized for issuance with respect to awards granted under the 2021 Plan, of which 2,982,105 shares remain available for issuance. The share limit will automatically increase on the first trading day in January of each year (commencing with 2022) by an amount equal to the lesser of (1)4% of the total number of outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day in December in the prior year, or (2) such lesser number as determined by the Company’s board of directors. Since adoption, the number of shares available under the 2021 Plan pursuant to the annual increases totaled 3,075,841 shares through January 1, 2024.

Any shares subject to awards granted under the 2021 Plan or the 2018 Plan that are not paid, delivered or exercised before they expire or are canceled or terminated, or otherwise fail to vest, as well as shares used to pay the purchase or exercise price of such awards or related tax withholding obligations, will become available for new award grants under the 2021 Plan.

As of September 30, 2024,2,753,788 and 960,316 options had been granted under the 2021 Plan and 2018 Plan, respectively.

The options that are granted under the 2021 Plan and the 2018 Plan are exercisable at various dates as determined upon grant and terminate within 10 years of the date of grant. The vesting period generally occurs over three tofour years.

The following table summarizes the option activity under the 2021 Plan and 2018 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock option grants was $14.92 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2024, there was approximately $9.4 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted under the 2021 Plan and 2018 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.

(b) Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) was adopted by the Company’s board of directors and stockholders in June 2021 and became effective upon the consummation of the IPO. A total of 230,000 shares of the Company’s common stock was initially available for issuance under the ESPP. The share limit will automatically increase on the first trading day in January of each year (commencing with 2022) by an amount equal to the lesser of (1)1% of the total number of outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day in December in the prior year, or (2) such lesser number as determined by the Company’s board of directors. The number of shares available under the 2021 Plan increased by 247,229 shares effective January 1, 2023 as determined by the Company’s board of directors. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation, subject to any plan limitations. The ESPP provides forsix-month offering periods, and at the end of each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or on the last trading day of the offering period. As of September 30, 2024,76,011 shares had been issued under the ESPP, and 401,218 shares authorized under the ESPP Plan were available for issuance.

(c) Restricted Stock Units

As of September 30, 2024,31,881 restricted stock units had been awarded under the 2021 Plan. A summary of the status of and changes in unvested restricted stock unit activity under the Company’s equity award plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:

Stock-based compensation of restricted stock units is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The vesting period generally occurs over three tofour years.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company hadno unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to its unvested restricted stock units.

(d) Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense recognized for all equity awards has been reported in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

Stock-based compensation expense by type of award included within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:

(8) SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On October 30, 2024, the Company formed wholly-owned subsidiaries, Merger Sub I, a Delaware shell corporation, and Merger Sub II, a Delaware limited liability company, each formed solely for the purpose of merging with Jade in connection with the proposed Merger.

In June 2024, the Company announced a corporate restructuring, and in July 2024, announced that it initiated a process to evaluate strategic alternatives. After a comprehensive review of strategic alternatives, including identifying and reviewing potential candidates for a strategic transaction, on October 30, 2024, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement, by and among the Company, Merger Sub I, Merger Sub II, and Jade, pursuant to which, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, among other things, Merger Sub I will merge with and into Jade, with Jade surviving the first merger as the surviving corporation, and as part of the same overall transaction, Jade will merge with and into Merger Sub II, with Merger Sub II continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the surviving corporation of the second merger. In addition, in connection with the Closing, the Company expects to declare the Cash Dividend to its pre-Merger stockholders of approximately $65.0 million in the aggregate, provided such amount is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Merger Agreement. The Merger was approved by the Board, and the Board resolved to recommend approval of the Merger Agreement to the Company’s stockholders.

The Merger is expected to close in the first half of 2025. The Closing is subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company and Jade as well as other customary closing conditions, including the effectiveness of a registration statement filed with the SEC in connection with the Merger and the approval of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

of the listing of shares of the Company’s common stock to be issued in connection with the Merger and (4) an executed Purchase Agreement for the Concurrent Investment (each as defined below) in full force and effect evidencing cash proceeds of not less than $80.0 million to be received by the combined company immediately prior to or following the Closing. If the Company is unable to satisfy certain closing conditions or if other mutual closing conditions are not satisfied, Jade will not be obligated to complete the Merger. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights of each of the Company and Jade. Upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances, the Company may be required to pay Jade a termination fee of $2,340,000, and in certain other circumstances, Jade may be required to pay the Company a termination fee of $5,250,000. If the Merger is completed, the business of Jade will continue as the business of the combined company.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), (a) each then-outstanding share of Jade’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of the Company’s common stock, based on a ratio calculated in accordance with the Merger Agreement (the “Exchange Ratio”), provided that any unvested restricted shares of Jade common stock will be subject to the same terms and conditions (including, without limitation, vesting and repurchase provisions) that are otherwise applicable to such unvested shares as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, (b) each then-outstanding share of Jade’s preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of the Company’s newly authorized convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, equal to (x) the Exchange Ratio divided by (y)1,000, (c) each then-outstanding option to purchase Jade common stock will be assumed by the Company, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Merger Agreement and (d) each then-outstanding warrant to purchase shares of Jade common stock or Jade preferred stock will be assumed by the Company, subject to adjust as set forth in the Merger Agreement.

On October 30, 2024, Jade entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain existing Jade stockholders and new investors (the “Investors”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and subject to the terms and conditions thereof, Jade agreed to sell, and the Investors agreed to purchase, immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, shares of Jade common stock and pre-funded warrants (together, the “Securities”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $300.0 million (collectively, the “Concurrent Investment”), which reflects the conversion of the previously issued $95 million of convertible notes. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by such agreements is conditioned on the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement and in the Purchase Agreement. Shares of Jade Common Stock and pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to this financing transaction will be converted into shares of common stock of the Company and pre-funded warrants to acquire shares of common stock of the Company, in accordance with the Exchange Ratio and the Merger Agreement.

The Company’s future operations are highly dependent on the success of the Merger and there can be no assurances that the Merger will be successfully consummated. In the event that the Company does not complete the transaction with Jade, the Company may explore strategic alternatives, including, without limitation, another strategic transaction and/or pursue a dissolution and liquidation of the Company.