NETSTREIT Corp

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 –Organization and Description of Business

NETSTREIT Corp. (the “Company”) was incorporated on October 11, 2019 as a Maryland corporation and commenced operations on December 23, 2019. The Company conducts its operations through NETSTREIT, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). NETSTREIT GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership.

The Company elected to be treated and to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2019. Additionally, the Operating Partnership formed NETSTREIT Management TRS, LLC (“NETSTREIT TRS”), which together with the Company jointly elected to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary under Section 856(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership real estate investment trust (commonly referred to as an “UPREIT”) and is an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns, invests in and manages a diversified portfolio of single-tenant, retail commercial real estate leased on a long-term basis to high credit quality tenants across the United States. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned or had investments in 598 properties, located in 45 states, excluding 24 property developments where rent has yet to commence.

Note 2 –Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation and the Company’s net income is reduced by the portion of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Noncontrolling Interests

The Company presents noncontrolling interests, which represent limited partnership units in the Operating Partnership (the “OP Units”) not owned by the Company, as a component of permanent equity, separate from the Company's stockholders’ equity. Noncontrolling interests were created as part of an asset acquisition and recognized at fair value as of the date of the transaction. Effective with the Company’s initial public offering, each limited partner of the Operating Partnership has the right to require the Operating Partnership to redeem part or all of its OP Units for cash, based upon the value of an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of the redemption, or, at the Company’s election, shares of the Company’s common stock on aone-for-one basis, subject to certain adjustments and the restrictions on ownership and transfer of the Company’s common stock. The election to pay cash or issue common stock is solely within the control of the Company to satisfy a noncontrolling interest holder's redemption request.

Net income of the Operating Partnership is allocated to its noncontrolling interests based on the noncontrolling interests’ ownership percentages in the Operating Partnership throughout the period. Ownership percentage is calculated by dividing the number of OP Units held by the noncontrolling interests by the total OP Units outstanding.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s most significant assumptions and estimates relate to the useful lives of real estate assets, lease accounting, real estate impairment assessments, and allocation of fair value of purchase consideration. These estimates are based on historical experience and other assumptions which management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and makes revisions to these estimates and related disclosures as experience develops or new information becomes known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Real Estate Held for Investment

Real estate is recorded and stated at cost less any provision for impairment. At acquisition date, the purchase price of an acquired property is allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets or liabilities based on their relative fair values. For properties developed by the Company, all direct and indirect costs related to planning, development and construction, including interest, real estate taxes and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the construction period, are capitalized for financial reporting purposes and recorded as property under development until construction has been completed.

The Company evaluates each acquisition transaction to determine whether the acquired asset meets the definition of a business and therefore accounted for as a business combination or if the acquisition transaction should be accounted for as an asset acquisition. Under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”), an acquisition does not qualify as a business when substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets or the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Transaction costs related to acquisitions that qualify as asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs for acquisitions that are deemed to be acquisitions of a business are expensed as incurred.

The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties accounted for as asset acquisitions to tangible and identifiable intangible assets or liabilities based on their relative fair values. Tangible assets may include land, buildings, site improvements and tenant improvements. Intangible assets include the value of in-place leases and above-market leases and intangible liabilities include below-market leases. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property with an in-place operating lease is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, and the “as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to the tangible assets based on the fair value of the tangible assets. The fair value of in-place leases is determined by considering estimates of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods, current market conditions, as well as costs to execute similar leases based on the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. The Company estimates the cost to execute leases with terms similar to the remaining lease terms of the in-place leases, including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses. The fair value of above-market or below-market leases is recorded based on the net present value (using a discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between the contractual amount to be paid pursuant to the in-place lease and the Company’s estimate of the fair market lease rate for the corresponding in-place lease, measured over the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease including any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes a number of sources, including real estate valuations prepared by an independent valuation firm. The Company also considers information and other factors including market conditions, the industry that the tenant operates in, characteristics of the real estate; e.g., location, size, demographics, value and comparative rental rates; tenant credit profile and the importance of the location of the real estate to the operations of the tenant’s business. Additionally, the Company considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired. Based on these inputs for measuring and allocating the fair value of real estate acquisitions, the Company utilizes both observable market data (categorized as level 2 on the three-level valuation hierarchy of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement), and unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own internal assumptions (categorized as level 3 under ASC Topic 820).

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets:

Depreciation and amortization amounts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred; major renewals and betterments that extend the useful life or improve the operating capacity of the asset are capitalized. Upon the sale or disposition of a property, the asset and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the consolidated balance sheets with the difference between the proceeds received, net of sales costs, and the carrying value of the asset group recorded as a gain or loss on sale, subject to impairment considerations.

Assets Held for Sale

The Company is continually evaluating the portfolio of real estate assets and may elect to dispose of assets considering criteria including, but not limited to, tenant concentration, tenant credit quality, unit financial performance, local market conditions and lease rates, asset location and tenant operation type (e.g., tenant or retail sector). Real estate assets held for sale are expected to be sold within twelve months. Properties classified as held for sale, including the related intangibles, in the consolidated balance sheets include only those properties available for immediate sale in their present condition, which are actively being marketed, and for which management believes that it is probable that a sale of the property will be completed within one year. Properties held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. No depreciation expense or amortization expense is recognized on properties held for sale and the related intangible assets or liabilities once they have been classified as such. Only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations are presented as discontinued operations. Accordingly, the Company has not reclassified results of operations for properties disposed during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 or held for sale as discontinued operations as of December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022, as these events are a normal part of the Company’s operations and do not represent strategic shifts in the Company’s operations. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 23 and 11 properties, respectively, classified as held for sale.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Fair value measurement of an asset group occurs when events or changes in circumstances related to an asset indicate that the carrying amount of the asset is no longer recoverable. An example of an event or changed circumstance is a reduction in the expected holding period of a property. If indicators are present, the Company will prepare a projection of the undiscounted future cash flows of the property, excluding interest charges, and determine if the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable. When a carrying amount is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair market value. The Company estimates fair value using data such as operating income, estimated capitalization rates or multiples, leasing prospects, local market information, and with regard to assets held for sale, based on the estimated or negotiated selling price, less estimated costs of disposal. Based on these unobservable inputs, the Company determined that its valuations of impaired real estate and intangible assets fall within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy under ASC Topic 820.

The following table summarizes the provision for impairment during the periods indicated below (in thousands):

(1)Includes the number of properties that were either (i) impaired during the period on the held for sale classification date and remained as held for sale as of period-end or (ii) impaired and disposed of during the respective period. Excludes properties that did not have impairment recorded during the year. Of the total provision for impairment during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $0.2 million of additional impairment expense ontwo properties that were classified as held for sale in prior periods and $1.9 million of impairment expense onthree properties held for investment.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all cash balances, money market accounts and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Restricted cash includes cash restricted for property tenant improvements and cash proceeds from the sale of assets held by qualified intermediaries in anticipation of the acquisition of replacement properties in tax-free exchanges under Section 1031 of the Code. Restricted cash is included in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company had $11.5 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2023, and $4.7 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2022.

The Company’s bank balances as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 included certain amounts over the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits.

Revenue Recognition and Related Matters

The Company’s rental revenue is primarily related to rent received from tenants under leases accounted for as operating leases. Rent from leases that have fixed and determinable rent increases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable initial term of the lease and reasonably certain renewal periods, from the later of the date of the commencement of the lease or the date of acquisition of the property subject to the lease. The difference between rental revenue recognized and the cash rent due under the provisions of the lease is recorded as deferred rent receivable and included as a component of other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Variable lease revenues include tenant reimbursements, lease termination fees, changes in the index or market-based indices after the inception of the lease or percentage rents. Variable lease revenues are not recognized until the specific events that trigger the variable payments have occurred. The Company recognized variable lease revenue related to tenant reimbursements and lease termination fees for the periods presented.

Capitalized above-market and below-market lease values are amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction or increase of rental revenue as appropriate over the remaining non-cancellable terms of the respective leases.

Reserves for uncollectible amounts are provided against the portion of accounts receivable, net including straight-line rents, which is estimated to be uncollectible, which includes a portfolio-based reserve and reserves for specifically disputed amounts. Such reserves are reviewed each period based upon recovery experience and the specific facts of each outstanding amount. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an immaterial reserve for uncollectible amounts specific to uncharged reimbursable expenses.

Mortgage Loans Receivable

The Company holds loans receivable, which are mortgage loans secured by real estate, for short and long-term investment. Loans receivable are carried at amortized cost. As of the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company held eight senior secured first-lien mortgage loans receivable.

The Company recognizes interest income on loans receivable using the effective-interest method. Direct costs associated with originating loans, along with any premium or discount, is deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the term of the related loan receivable using the effective interest method. The Company evaluates its loan receivable balances, including accrued interest, for potential credit losses by analyzing the credit of the borrower, the remaining time to maturity of the loan, collateral value and quality (if any), and other relevant factors. A loan receivable is placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that full recovery of the contractually specified payments of principal and interest is doubtful.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has a share-based compensation award program for its employees and directors. Stock-based compensation expense associated with these awards is recognized in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company classifies stock-based payment awards either as equity awards or liability awards based upon an analysis of ASC 718 and ASC 480. Equity classified awards are measured based on the fair value on the date of grant. Liability classified awards are remeasured to fair value each reporting period. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service or performance period. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

Forward Equity Sales

The Company sells shares of common stock through forward sale agreements from time to time to enable the Company to set the price of such shares upon pricing the offering (subject to certain adjustments), while delaying the issuance of such shares and the receipt of the net proceeds by the Company.

To account for the forward sale agreements, the Company considers the accounting guidance governing financial instruments and derivatives. To date, the Company has concluded that its forward sale agreements are not liabilities as they do not embody obligations to repurchase its shares nor do they embody obligations to issue a variable number of shares for which the monetary value are predominantly fixed, varying with something other than the fair value of the shares, or varying inversely in relation to its shares. The Company then evaluates whether the agreements meet the derivatives and hedging guidance scope exception to be accounted for as equity instruments. The Company has concluded that the agreements are classifiable as equity contracts based on the following assessments: (i) none of the agreements’ exercise contingencies are based on observable markets or indices besides those related to the market for the Company’s own stock price and operations; and (ii) none of the settlement provisions precluded the agreements from being indexed to its own stock.

The Company also considers the potential dilution resulting from the forward sale agreements on the earnings per share calculations. Prior to settlement, a forward sale agreement will be reflected in the diluted earnings per share calculations using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock used in diluted earnings per share is deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that would be issued upon full physical settlement of such forward sale agreement over the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that could be purchased by the Company in the market (based on the average market price during the period) using the proceeds receivable upon full physical settlement (based on the adjusted forward sale price at the end of the reporting period). Consequently, prior to settlement of a forward sale agreement, there will be no dilutive effect on the Company’s earnings per share except during periods when the average market price of the Company’s common stock is above the adjusted forward sale price. However, upon settlement of a forward sales agreement, if the Company’s elects to physically settle or net share settle such forward sale agreement, delivery of the Company’s shares will result in dilution to the Company’s earnings per share.

Transaction Costs

Transaction costs represent non-capitalizable acquisition related expenses and costs associated with abandoned acquisitions. Acquisition and dead deal related expenses were $0.5 million, $0.8 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company elected to be treated and qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2019. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational, income, asset and distribution tests. Accordingly, the Company will generally not be subject to corporate U.S. federal or state income tax to the extent that it makes qualifying distributions of all of its taxable income to its stockholders and provided it satisfies on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, the REIT requirements, including certain asset, income, distribution and share ownership tests. The Company expects the distributions made during 2023 are sufficient to receive a full dividends paid deduction.

NETSTREIT TRS is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary which may be subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes on its taxable income. In general, NETSTREIT TRS may perform services for tenants of the Company, hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and may engage in any real estate or non-real estate-related business.

The Company recognizes franchise and other state and local tax expenses in general and administrative and recognizes state and federal income tax in income tax benefit (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

All provisions for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are attributable to NETSTREIT TRS. Deferred income tax expense and its related deferred tax assets and liabilities were immaterial for the years presented.

The Company has elected to record related interest and penalties, if any, as general and administrative expense or as income tax expense based on the nature of the tax in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company had no material interest or penalties relating to income, franchise, and other state and local taxes for the years presented. Additionally, there were no material accruals for interest or penalties as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company files federal, state and local income tax returns. The Company regularly analyzes its various federal and state filing positions and only recognizes the income tax effect in its financial statements when certain criteria regarding uncertain income tax positions have been met. The Company believes that its income tax positions would more likely than not be sustained upon examination by all relevant taxing authorities. Therefore, no provisions for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded in the consolidated financial statements.

All federal tax returns for years prior to 2020 are no longer subject to examination. Additionally, state tax returns for years prior to 2018 are generally no longer subject to examination.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per common share has been computed pursuant to the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income allocated to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. No effect is shown for any securities that are anti-dilutive. Net income allocated to common stockholders represents net income less income allocated to participating securities and noncontrolling interests. None of the Company’s equity awards are participating securities.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measurements are utilized in the accounting of the Company’s assets acquired and liabilities assumed in an asset acquisition and also affect the Company’s accounting for certain of its financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). The hierarchy described below prioritizes inputs to the valuation techniques used in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs to be used when available. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows: Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices in an active market; Level 2 inputs, which are observable inputs for similar assets; or Level 3 inputs, which are unobservable inputs.

The Company uses the following inputs in its fair value measurements:

– Level 2 and Level 3 inputs for its debt and derivative financial instrument fair value disclosures. See “Note 6 - Debt” and “Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments,” respectively; and

– Level 2 and Level 3 inputs when assessing the fair value of assets and liabilities in connection with real estate acquisitions and impairment. See “Note 4 - Real Estate Investments.”

Additionally, companies are required to disclose the estimated fair values of all financial instruments, even if they are not carried at their fair value. The fair values of financial instruments are estimates based on market conditions and perceived risks as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. These estimates require management’s judgement and may not be indicative of the future fair values of the assets and liabilities.

The fair value of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (including money market accounts), other assets and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate their carrying value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Additionally, the Company believes the following financial instruments have carrying values that approximate their fair values as of December 31, 2023:

•Borrowings under the Company’s Revolver (as defined in “Note 6 - Debt”) approximate fair value based on their nature, terms and variable interest rates.

•Carrying values of the Company’s mortgage loans receivable approximate fair values based on a number of factors, including either their short-term nature, the availability of market quotes for comparable instruments, and a discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates, and credit spreads.

•Carrying value of the Company’s mortgage note payable approximates fair value based on a discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates, and credit spreads.

Provisions for impairment recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 primarily related to assets held for sale and the impairment was determined based on the estimated or negotiated selling price, less costs of disposal, compared to the carrying value of the property. Of the total provision for impairment during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $1.9 million of impairment expense onthree properties held for investment. Of these properties, one was accounted for at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using a cash flow model (Level 3 inputs) with an adjusted carrying value of $1.5 million. The Company estimated fair value using a capitalization rate of 10.0% which it believes is reasonable based on current market rates. As of December 31, 2022, there were no real estate assets accounted for at fair value.

The following table discloses recurring estimated fair value information for the Company’s 2024 Term Loan, 2027 Term Loan, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan (each as defined in “Note 6 - Debt”) which is derived based primarily on unobservable market inputs such as interest rates and discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates and credit spreads (in thousands):

(1) The carrying value of the debt instruments are net of unamortized debt issuance and discount costs.

(2)On June 15, 2023, the Company amended and restated its 2024 Term Loan, providing for a $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “2027 Term Loan”).

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to cash held at various financial institutions, access to its credit facilities, amounts due under mortgage loans receivable, and amounts due or payable under derivative contracts. The credit risk exposure with regard to the Company’s cash, credit facilities, and derivative instruments is spread among a diversified group of investment grade financial institutions.

During the years ended 2023, 2022, and 2021 there were no tenants or borrowers with rental revenue or interest income on loans receivable, respectively, that exceeded 10% of total rental revenue.

Segment Reporting

ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for the manner in which companies report information about operating segments. Substantially all of the Company’s investments, at acquisition, are comprised of real estate owned that is leased to tenants on a long-term basis or real estate that secures the Company's investment in mortgage loans receivable. The Company allocates resources and assesses operating performance based on individual investment and property needs. Therefore, the Company aggregates these investments for reporting purposes and operates inone reportable segment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 is intended to improve reportable segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis such as, annual and interim disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, interim disclosure of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets, and the requirement that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by ASU 2023-07 and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The disclosures are applied retrospectively to all periods presented and early adoption is permitted. The Company has one reportable segment and continues to evaluate additional disclosures that may be required for entities with a single reportable segment.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires annual disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold within the rate reconciliation. In addition, the amendments require annual disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions as well as individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid is equal to or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, however early adoption and retrospective application is permitted. The Company continues to evaluate the potential impact of the guidance and potential additional disclosures required.

Note 3 –Leases

Tenant Leases

The Company acquires, owns and manages commercial single-tenant lease properties, with the majority being long-term triple-net leases where the tenant is generally responsible for all improvements and contractually obligated to pay all operating costs (such as real estate taxes, utilities and repairs and maintenance costs). As of December 31, 2023, exclusive of mortgage loans receivable, the Company’s weighted average remaining lease term was 9.5 years.

The Company’s property leases have been classified as operating leases and some have scheduled rent increases throughout the lease term. The Company’s leases typically provide the tenant one or more multi-year renewal options to extend their leases, subject to generally the same terms and conditions, including rent increases, consistent with the initial lease term.

All lease-related income is reported as a single line item, rental revenue (including reimbursable), in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and is presented net of any reserves, write-offs, or recoveries for uncollectible amounts.

Fixed lease income includes stated amounts per the lease contract, which include base rent, fixed common area maintenance charges, and straight-line lease adjustments.

Variable lease income primarily includes recoveries from tenants, which represent amounts that tenants are contractually obligated to reimburse the Company for, specific to their portion of actual recoverable costs incurred. Variable lease income also includes percentage rent, which represents amounts billable to tenants based on their actual sales volume in excess of levels specified in the lease contract.

The following table provides a disaggregation of lease income recognized under ASC 842 (in thousands):

(1)Fixed lease income includes contractual rents under lease agreements with tenants recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(2)Variable lease income primarily includes tenant reimbursements for real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and lease termination fees, and the write-off of uncollectible amounts. There were no material reserves, write-offs, or recoveries of uncollectible amounts during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.

Scheduled future minimum base rental payments (excluding base rental payments from properties classified as held for sale and straight-line rent adjustments for all properties) due to be received under the remaining non-cancelable term of the operating leases in place as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Future minimum rentals exclude amounts that may be received from tenants for reimbursements of operating costs and property taxes. In addition, the future minimum rents do not include any contingent rents based on a percentage of the lessees' gross sales or lease escalations based on future changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) or other stipulated reference rate.

Corporate Office Lease

In August 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement on a new corporate office space, which commenced in October 2021 and is classified as an operating lease. The Company began operating out of the new office in February 2022. The lease has a remaining noncancellable lease term of 8.6 years that expires on July 31, 2032, with aone-time option to terminate in 2029 exercisable by the Company. The lease is also renewable at the Company’s option fortwo additional periods offive years. No renewals were incorporated in the calculation of the corporate lease right-of-use asset and liability as it is not reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the options. Further, the lease agreement does not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The corporate office lease contains variable lease costs related to the lease of parking spaces and non-lease components related to the reimbursement of property operating expenses and certain common area maintenance expenses, all of which are recognized as incurred. The Company elected to use the component practical expedient, which permits the Company to not separate non-lease components from lease components if timing and pattern of transfer is the same.

The following table presents the lease expense components for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

The Company recorded a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability of approximately $4.5 million at lease commencement. As of December 31, 2023, the right-of-use asset and operating lease liability was $3.9 million and $5.1 million, respectively.

The right-of-use asset is included in other assets, net and the operating lease liability is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The following table reflects the maturity analysis of payments due from the Company over the next five years and thereafter for the corporate office lease obligation as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

(1) Imputed interest was calculated using a discount rate of 3.25%. The discount rate is based on the estimated incremental borrowing rate, calculated as the treasury rate for the same period as the underlying lease term, plus a spread determined using factors including REIT industry performance.

Note 4 –Real Estate Investments

As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned or had investments in 598 properties, excluding 24 property developments where rent has yet to commence. The gross real estate investment portfolio, including properties under development, totaled approximately $1.9 billion and consisted of the gross acquisition cost of land, buildings, improvements, lease intangible assets and liabilities, and property development costs. The investment portfolio is geographically dispersed throughout 45 states with gross real estate investments in Illinois and Texas representing 9.4% and 8.5%, respectively, of the total gross real estate investment of the Company’s investment portfolio.

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired 103 properties for a total purchase price of $345.1 million, inclusive of $3.5 million of capitalized acquisition costs.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired 105 properties for a total purchase price of $424.8 million, inclusive of $4.2 million of capitalized acquisition costs.

The acquisitions were all accounted for as asset acquisitions. An allocation of the purchase price and acquisition costs paid for the completed acquisitions is as follows (in thousands):

Development

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 18 property developments under construction. During 2023, the Company invested $81.0 million in property developments, including the acquisition of 40 new developments with a combined initial purchase price of $27.3 million. During 2023, the Company completed development on 27 projects and reclassified approximately $68.6 million from property under development to land, building, and improvements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Rent commenced for 21 of the 27 completed developments in 2023, while rent is expected to commence for the othersix completed developments in the first quarter of 2024. The remaining 18 developments in progress are expected to be substantially completed with rent commencing at various points throughout the next twelve months. The purchase price, including acquisition costs, and subsequent development are included in property under development in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023.

During 2022, the Company invested $22.0 million in property developments, including the land acquisition oftwo new developments with a combined initial purchase price of $1.8 million. During 2022, the Company completed development onsix projects and reclassified approximately $23.1 million from property under development to land, building, and improvements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Rent commenced forfive of thesix completed developments in 2022, while rent on the sixth completed development commenced in the second quarter of 2023. The purchase price, including acquisitions costs, and subsequent development are included in property under development in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022.

Additionally, during 2023 and 2022, the Company capitalized approximately $1.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of interest expense associated with properties under development.

Dispositions

During 2023, the Company sold 19 properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $40.3 million, recognizing a net gain of $1.2 million.

During 2022, the Company sold seven properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $25.5 million, recognizing a net gain of $4.1 million.

During 2021, the Company sold nine properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $31.1 million, recognizing a net gain of $3.0 million.

Investment in Mortgage Loans Receivable

The Company’s mortgage loans receivable portfolio as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is summarized below (in thousands):

(1)The Company has the right, subject to certain terms and conditions, to acquire all or a portion of the underlying collateralized properties.

(2) The stated interest rate is variable up to 15.0% and is calculated based on contractual rent for existing collateralized properties subject to the loan agreement.

(3) Payments of both interest and principal are due at maturity.

(4) Loans require monthly payments of interest only with principal payments occurring as borrower disposes of underlying properties, limited to the Company’s allocated investment by property. Any remaining principal balance will be repaid at or before the maturity date.

(5) I/O: Interest Only; P+I: Principal and Interest.

(6) Includes amortization of discount and loan origination costs, as applicable.

Note 5 –Intangible Assets and Liabilities

Intangible assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

The remaining weighted average amortization period for the Company’s intangible assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 by category were as follows:

The Company records amortization of in-place lease assets and assembled workforce intangible assets to amortization expense, and records net amortization of above-market and below-market lease intangibles as well as amortization of lease incentives to rental revenue. The following amounts in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) related to the amortization of intangible assets and liabilities for all property and ground leases (in thousands):

The following table provides the projected amortization of in-place lease assets to amortization expense and the net amortization of above-market, below-market, and lease incentive lease intangible assets and liabilities to rental revenue as of December 31, 2023, for the next five years and thereafter (in thousands):

Note 6 –Debt

Debt consists of the following (in thousands):

(1) Date represents the fully extended maturity date available to the Company under each related debt instrument.

(2)On June 15, 2023, the Company amended and restated its 2024 Term Loan, providing for a $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “2027 Term Loan”).

(3)Loan is a floating-rate loan which resets daily at daily SOFR plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.15% as of December 31, 2023. The Company has entered into five interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert the floating rate to a fixed rate. The hedged fixed rate reset effective November 27, 2023 to 1.87% and will reset again effective December 23, 2024 to 2.40%.

(4)The annual interest rate of the Revolver assumes daily SOFR as of December 31, 2023 of 5.39% plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.00% as of December 31, 2023.

(5)Loan is a floating-rate loan which resets monthly at one-month term SOFR plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.15% as of December 31, 2023. The Company has entered into three interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert the floating rate to a fixed rate.

(6)Loan is a floating-rate loan which resets daily at daily SOFR plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.15% as of December 31, 2023. The Company has entered into four interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert the floating rate to a fixed rate.

(7)The Company records deferred financing costs associated with the Revolver and loan commitment fees associated with the 2029 Term Loan in other assets, net on its consolidated balance sheets.

On July 3, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (the “2029 Term Loan Agreement”) related to a $250.0 million sustainability-linked senior unsecured term loan (the “2029 Term Loan”) which may, subject to the terms of the 2029 Term Loan Agreement, be increased to an amount of up to $400.0 million at the Company’s request. The 2029 Term Loan contains a 12-month delayed draw feature and $150.0 million was drawn on July 3, 2023. The 2029 Term Loan is prepayable at the Company’s option in whole or in part without premium or penalty. The 2029 Term Loan matures on July 3, 2026, subject to extension options at the Company’s election on two occasions, by one year and, on one occasion, by six months (subject to certain conditions).

The interest rate applicable to the 2029 Term Loan is determined by the Company’s Investment Grade Rating (as defined in the 2029 Term Loan Agreement). Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 1.15% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate (as defined in the 2029 Term Loan Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.15% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio. After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 0.80% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate, plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

The Company has hedged the entire $250.0 million of the 2029 Term Loan at an all-in fixed interest rate of 4.99%, through January 2029, which consists of the fixed rate SOFR swap of 3.74%, plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% and, at current leverage levels, a borrowing spread of 1.15%. Interest is payable monthly or at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears on any outstanding borrowings.

The 2029 Term Loan also contains sustainability-linked pricing component pursuant to which the Company will receive interest rate reductions up to 0.025% based on its performance against a sustainability performance target focused on the portion of the Company’s annualized based rent attributable to tenants with commitments or quantifiable targets for reduced GHG emission is accordance with the standards of the Science Based Targets initiative (“SBTi”).

In connection with the 2029 Term Loan, the Company incurred $1.4 million of deferred financing costs. Additionally, the Company incurred $0.9 million of loan commitment fees which have been capitalized to other assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets. The deferred financing costs and capitalized loan commitment fees are both amortized over the term of the loan and are included in interest expense, net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Credit Facility

On August 11, 2022, the Company entered into a sustainability-linked senior unsecured credit facility consisting of (i) a $200.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “2028 Term Loan”) and (ii) a $400.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”, and together with the 2028 Term Loan, the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility may be increased by $400.0 million in the aggregate for total availability of up to $800.0 million.

The 2028 Term Loan matures on February 11, 2028. The Revolver matures on August 11, 2026, subject to aone year extension option at the Company’s election (subject to certain conditions) to August 11, 2027. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are repayable at the Company’s option in whole or in part without premium or penalty. Borrowings under the Revolver may be repaid and reborrowed from time to time prior to the maturity date.

Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating (as defined in the credit agreement governing the Credit Facility (the “Credit Agreement”)), interest rates are based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio, and are determined by (A) in the case of the 2028 Term Loan either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 1.15% to 1.60%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.15% to 0.60%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio and (B) in the case of the Revolver either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.45%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.45%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio.

After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest rates are based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating, and are determined by (A) in the case of the 2028 Term Loan either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 0.80% to 1.60%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.60%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating and (B) in the case of the Revolver either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 0.725% to 1.40%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.40%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

Additionally, the Company will incur a facility fee based on the total commitment amount of $400.0 million under the Revolver. Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, the applicable facility fee will range from 0.15% to 0.30% based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio. After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, the applicable facility fee will range from 0.125% to 0.30% based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

The Credit Facility also contains a sustainability-linked pricing component pursuant to which the Company will receive interest rate reductions up to 0.025% based on its performance against a sustainability performance target focused on the portion of the Company’s annualized base rent attributable to tenants with commitments or quantifiable targets for reduced greenhouse gas emission in accordance with the standards of the SBTi.

The Company has fully hedged the 2028 Term Loan with an all-in interest rate of 3.88%. Interest is payable monthly or at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears on any outstanding borrowings. The interest rate hedge is further described in “Note 7 – Derivative Financial Instruments.”

In connection with the Credit Facility, the Company incurred $3.8 million of deferred financing costs which were allocated between the Revolver and 2028 Term Loan in the amounts of $2.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Additionally, $0.5 million of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the Company’s previous revolving credit facility were reclassed to the Revolver. Deferred financing costs are amortized over the remaining terms of each respective borrowing and are included in interest expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In December 2019, the Company entered into an agreement governing a $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan that was scheduled to mature in December 2024 (the “2024 Term Loan”). On June 15, 2023, the Company amended and restated the agreement governing the 2024 Term Loan to provide for a $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan with a maturity date of January 15, 2026 that is subject to aone year extension option at the Company’s election (subject to certain conditions) (the “2027 Term Loan”). The 2027 Term Loan is repayable at the Company’s option in whole or in part without premium or penalty.

The interest rate applicable to the 2027 Term Loan is determined by the Company’s Investment Grade Rating (as defined in the 2027 Term Loan). Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 1.15% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate (as defined in the 2027 Term Loan), plus a margin ranging from 0.15% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio. After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 0.80% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate, plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

Interest is payable monthly or at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears. The Company has fully hedged the 2027 Term Loan. The interest rate hedges are described in “Note 7 – Derivative Financial Instruments.”

Mortgage Note Payable

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had total gross mortgage indebtedness of $8.4 million, which was collateralized by related real estate and a tenant’s lease with an aggregate net book value of $12.6 million. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of less than $0.1 million and recorded a debt discount of $0.6 million, both of which are recorded as a reduction of the principal balance in mortgage note payable, net in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The mortgage note matures on November 1, 2027, but may be repaid in full beginning August 2027.

Debt Maturities

Payments on the 2027 Term Loan, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan are interest only through maturity. As of December 31, 2023, scheduled debt maturities, including balloon payments, are as follows (in thousands):

(1) Does not assume the exercise of any extension options available to the Company.

Interest Expense

The following table is a summary of the components of interest expense related to the Company’s borrowings (in thousands):

(1) Includes facility fees and non-utilization fees of approximately $0.6 million, $0.4 million, and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

(2) Includes the effects of interest rate hedges in place as of such date.

Deferred financing, discount, and debt issuance costs are amortized over the remaining terms of each respective borrowing and are included in interest expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the term loans had a weighted average interest rate, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and the effects of interest rate hedges, of 5.51%,3.39%, and 1.27%, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company incurred interest expense on revolving credit facilities with a weighted average interest rate, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and facility fees, of 5.92%,2.59%, and 1.31%, respectively.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s term loans have been derived based on market observable inputs such as interest rates and discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional detail on fair value measurements.

The Company was in compliance with all of its debt covenants as of December 31, 2023 and expects to be in compliance for the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2024.

Note 7 –Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses interest rate derivative contracts to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates on its variable rate debt. These derivatives are considered cash flow hedges and are recorded on a gross basis at fair value. Assessments of hedge effectiveness are performed quarterly using either a qualitative or quantitative approach. The Company recognizes the entire change in the fair value in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) and the change is reflected as cash flow hedge changes in fair value in the supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Effective July 3, 2023, such derivatives were initiated to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the 2029 Term Loan. The interest rate for the variable rate 2029 Term Loan is based on the hedged fixed rate of 3.64% compared to the variable 2029 Term Loan daily SOFR rate as of December 31, 2023 of 5.32%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15%. The maturity dates of the interest rate swaps coincide with the fully extended maturity date of the 2029 Term Loan.

Effective September 1, 2022, such derivatives were initiated to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the 2028 Term Loan. The interest rate for the variable rate 2028 Term Loan is based on the hedged fixed rate of 2.63% compared to the variable 2028 Term Loan one-month SOFR rate as of December 31, 2023 of 5.34%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15%. The maturity dates of the interest rate swaps coincide with the maturity date of the 2028 Term Loan.

Effective January 27, 2023, the Company converted itsfour existing LIBOR swap agreements associated with the 2024 Term Loan into four new SOFR swaps that convert the SOFR variable rate to a fixed rate of 0.12% and on June 15, 2023, the Company amended and restated its 2024 Term Loan, providing for a $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “2027 Term Loan”). In anticipation of the amendment and restatement of the 2024 Term Loan, additional derivatives, effective November 27, 2023 and December 23, 2024 at hedged fixed rates of 1.87% and 2.40%, respectively, were initiated to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the 2027 Term Loan through the fully extended maturity date. The interest rate on the variable 2027 Term Loan includes a daily SOFR rate as of December 31, 2023 of 5.31%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15%.

Amounts will subsequently be reclassified to earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The Company does not enter into derivative contracts for speculative or trading purposes and does not have derivative netting arrangements.

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by its derivative counterparties. The Company evaluates counterparty credit risk through monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties, which includes review of debt ratings and financial performance. To mitigate credit risk, the Company enters into agreements with counterparties it considers credit-worthy, such as large financial institutions with favorable credit ratings.

The Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (in thousands, except number of instruments):

The following table presents the fair value of the Company's derivative financial instruments as well as their classification in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

The following table presents the effect of the Company's interest rate swaps in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in thousands):

The Company did not exclude any amounts from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $14.6 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense.

The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves.

To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2023, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The table below presents the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall (in thousands):

Note 8 –Supplemental Detail for Certain Components of the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Other assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities consists of the following (in thousands):

Note 9 –Shareholders’ Equity

On September 1, 2021, the Company entered into a $250.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2021 ATM Program”) through which, from time to time, it may sell shares of its common stock in registered transactions. On September 14, 2023, the Company entered into a forward confirmation with respect to 7,500,000 shares of its common stock under the 2021 ATM Program. On September 28, 2023, the Company partially physically settled 1,516,289 shares of common stock at a price of $16.49 per share under such forward confirmation for net proceeds of approximately $24.8 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of $0.2 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 1,516,289 Class A OP Units.5,983,711 shares remain unsettled under the forward confirmation as of December 31, 2023. The Company may physically settle this forward confirmation (by the delivery of shares of common stock) and receive proceeds from the sale of those shares on one or more forward settlement dates, which shall occur no later than September 13, 2024.

On October 25, 2023, the Company entered into a $300.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2023 ATM Program”) through which, from time to time, it may sell shares of its common stock in registered transactions. Effective October 24, 2023, in connection with the establishment of the new at-the-market offering program, the 2021 ATM Program was terminated.

The following table presents information about the 2023 ATM Program and the 2021 ATM Program (in thousands):

The following table details information related to activity under the ATM Program for each period presented (in thousands, except share and per share data):

(1)Includes 1,516,289 shares of common stock partially physically settled at a price of $16.49 per share under the forward confirmation with respect to the 2021 ATM Program.5,983,711 shares remain unsettled under the forward confirmation as of December 31, 2023 at the available net settlement price of $16.48.

(2)The net proceeds were contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for an equivalent number of Class A OP Units.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has $222.7 million remaining gross proceeds available for future issuances of shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Program.

August 2022 Follow-On Offering

On August 8, 2022, the Company completed a registered public offering of 9,000,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $20.20 per share, which excluded an over-allotment option to the underwriters to purchase up to an additional 1,350,000 shares, which was exercised in full on August 10, 2022. In connection with the offering, the Company entered into forward sale agreements for 10,350,000 shares of its common stock. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had fully physically settled the forward sale agreements (by the delivery of shares of common stock).

January 2022 Follow-On Offering

On January 13, 2022, the Company completed a registered public offering of 10,350,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $22.25 per share. In connection with the offering, the Company entered into forward sale agreements for 10,350,000 shares of its common stock. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had fully physically settled the forward sale agreements (by the delivery of shares of common stock).

April 2021 Follow-On Offering

On April 12, 2021, the Company completed a public offering of 10,915,688 shares of common stock, which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 1,423,785 shares of common stock. The Company received net proceeds of $194.2 million, net of underwriting discounts and transaction costs of $9.4 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 10,915,688 Class A OP Units.

Surrendered Shares on Vested Stock Unit Awards

During the years presented, portions of restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) granted to certain of the Company’s officers, directors, and employees vested. The vesting of these awards, granted pursuant to the NETSTREIT Corp. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Incentive Plan”), resulted in federal and state income tax liabilities for the recipients. During 2023 and 2022, as permitted by the terms of the Omnibus Incentive Plan and the award grants, certain executive officers and employees elected to surrender a total of 37 thousand and 75 thousand RSUs, respectively, valued at approximately $0.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, solely to pay the associated statutory tax withholding. The surrendered RSUs are included in the row entitled “repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations” in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Dividends

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company declared and paid the following common stock dividends (in thousands, except per share data):

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company declared and paid the following common stock dividends (in thousands, except per share data):

The holders of OP Units are entitled to an equal distribution per each OP Unit held as of each record date. Accordingly, during each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Operating Partnership paid distributions of $0.4 million to holders of OP Units.

For federal income tax purposes, distributions to stockholders are characterized as ordinary income dividends, capital gain distributions, or non-dividend distributions. Non-dividend distributions will reduce U.S. stockholders’ basis (but not below zero) in their shares. The following table shows the character of the Company’s common stock distributions paid per share for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent noncontrolling holders of OP Units in the Operating Partnership. OP Units are convertible into common stock as the OP Units may be redeemed for cash or, at the Company’s election, exchanged for shares of the Company’s common stock on aone-for-one basis. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, noncontrolling interests represented 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, of OP Units. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, OP Unit holders redeemed 34,169 and 49,317 OP units, respectively, into shares of common stock on aone-for-one basis.

Note 10 –Stock-Based Compensation

Under the Omnibus Incentive Plan,2,094,976 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. The Omnibus Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, RSUs, long-term incentive plan units, dividend equivalent rights, and other share-based, share-related or cash-based awards, including performance-based awards, to employees, directors and consultants, with each grant evidenced by an award agreement providing the terms of the award. The Omnibus Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

As of December 31, 2023, the only stock-based compensation granted by the Company were RSUs. The total amount of stock-based compensation costs recognized in general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was $4.8 million for the years ended 2023 and 2022 and $3.7 million for the year ended 2021. All awards of unvested restricted stock units are expected to fully vest over the nextone tofive years.

Performance-Based RSUs (effectiveness of Initial Public Offering)

Pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company made performance-based RSUs to certain employees and non-employee directors. The performance condition required the Company to effectively file a shelf registration statement. Up until the point of filing the registration statement, performance was not deemed probable and accordingly, no RSUs had the capability of vesting and no stock-based compensation expense was recorded. As a result of the Company's initial public offering in August 2020, the performance condition was satisfied and the Company recorded a stock-based compensation expense catch-up adjustment of $1.4 million. The vesting terms of these grants are specific to the individual grant and vest in equal annual installments over the next year.

The following table summarizes performance-based RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

For the years ended 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized $0.3 million, $0.9 million, and $1.2 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense associated with performance-based RSUs. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense totaled $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and as of December 31, 2023, these awards are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period ofone year. These units are subject to graded vesting and stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for each vesting tranche in the award.

The grant date fair value of unvested RSUs is calculated as the per share price in the private offering that closed on December 23, 2019.

Service-Based RSUs

Pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company has made service-based RSU grants to certain employees and non-employee directors. The vesting terms of these grants are specific to the individual grant and vest in equal annual installments over the nextone tofive years.

The following table summarizes service-based RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

For the years ended 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $2.8 million and for the year ended 2021 recognized $1.6 million in stock-based compensation expense associated with service-based RSUs. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense totaled $3.4 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and as of December 31, 2023, these awards are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 1.8 years. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for the entire award.

The grant date fair value of service-based unvested RSUs is calculated as the per share price determined in the initial public offering for awards granted in 2020, and as the per share price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant for those granted in years subsequent to 2020.

Performance-Based RSUs (total shareholder return)

Pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company has made market-based RSU grants to certain employees. These grants are subject to the participant’s continued service over athree year period with 40% of the award based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) as compared to the TSR of identified peer companies and 60% of the award based on total absolute TSR over the cumulative three year period. The performance period of these grants runs through March 8, 2024, February 28, 2025, and February 28, 2026. Grant date fair value of the market-based share awards was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model, which incorporated stock price volatility of the Company and each of the Company’s peers and other variables over the performance period. Significant inputs for the current period calculation were expected volatility of the Company of 29.0% and expected volatility of the Company's peers, ranging from 32.2% to 102.8%, with an average volatility of 46.7% and a risk-free interest rate of 4.46%. The fair value per share on the grant date specific to the target TSR relative to the Company’s peers was $24.13 and the target absolute TSR was $20.15 for a weighted average grant date fair value of $21.57 per share. Stock-based compensation expense associated with unvested market-based share awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the minimum required service period, which isthree years.

The following table summarizes market-based RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

For the years ended 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized $1.7 million, $0.9 million, and $0.6 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense associated with market-based RSUs. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense totaled $2.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and as of December 31, 2023, these awards are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 1.7 years.

Alignment of Interest Program

During March 2021, the Company adopted the Alignment of Interest Program (the “Program”), which allows employees to elect to receive a portion of their annual bonus in unvested RSUs in the first quarter of the following year that would then vest over afour-year service period beginning in the period that the bonus relates. The Program is deemed to be a liability-classified award (accounted for as an equity-classified award as the service date precedes the grant date and the award would otherwise be classified as equity on grant date), which will be fair-valued and accrued over the applicable service period. The total estimated fair value of the elections made for 2023 under the Program was approximately $0.5 million. The award will be remeasured to fair value each reporting period until the unvested RSUs are granted. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million and for the year ended 2021, recognized $0.2 million in stock-based compensation expense associated with these awards. Previous awards under the Program that have been granted are included within service-based RSUs above.

Note 11 –Earnings Per Share

Net income per common share has been computed pursuant to the guidance in the FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is similarly calculated except that the denominator is increased by using the treasury stock method to determine the potential dilutive effect of the Company’s outstanding unvested RSUs and unsettled shares under open forward equity contracts and using the if-converted method to determine the potential dilutive effect of the OP Units. The Company has noncontrolling interests in the form of OP Units which are convertible into common stock and represent potentially dilutive securities, as the OP Units may be redeemed for cash or, at the Company’s election, exchanged for shares of the Company’s common stock on aone-for-one basis.

The following table is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 479,298 and 513,467 of OP Units outstanding, respectively.

Note 12 –Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and Regulatory Matters

In the ordinary course of business, from time to time, the Company may be subject to litigation, claims and regulatory matters, none of which are currently outstanding, which the Company believes could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations, liquidity or cash flows.

Environmental Matters

The Company is subject to environmental regulations related to the ownership of real estate. The cost of complying with the environmental regulations was not material to the Company’s results of operations for any of the periods presented. The Company is not aware of any environmental condition on any of its properties that is likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements when the fair value of such liability can be reasonably estimated and is required to be recognized.

Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various types of commitments to purchase real estate properties, fund development projects, or extend funds under mortgage notes receivable. These commitments are generally subject to the Company’s customary due diligence process and, accordingly, a number of specific conditions must be met before the Company is obligated to purchase or extend funding. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had tenant improvement allowance commitments totaling approximately $4.1 million, which is expected to be funded over the nexttwo years. Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, the Company had commitments to fund 18 properties under development totaling $35.7 million, all of which is expected to be funded over the next 12 months. The Company also had commitments to extend funds under mortgage notes receivable of $13.7 million which is expected to occur throughout 2024.

In August 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement on a new corporate office space, which is classified as an operating lease. The Company began operating out of the new office in February 2022. The lease has a remaining noncancellable term of 8.6 years that expires on July 31, 2032 and is renewable at the Company’s option fortwo additional periods offive years. Future minimum base rental payments under the lease are outlined in “Note 3 – Leases.” Annual rent expense, excluding operating expenses, is approximately $0.5 million during the initial term.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any other material commitments for re-leasing costs, recurring capital expenditures, non-recurring building improvements, or similar types of costs.

Note 13 –Related-Party Transactions

Effective with the commencement of the Company’s operations on December 23, 2019, the Company executed a facilities agreement with a subsidiary of EB Arrow Holdings, LLC, which was subsequently amended in April 2021 and ultimately terminated in July 2021. Under the facilities agreement, the Company shared in office rent by paying a fixed monthly rate and office related expenses based on employee headcount. No expenses were incurred during the years ended 2023 and 2022. For the year ended 2021, the Company incurred approximately $0.1 million in related expenses.

Note 14 –Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2023 through the date on which these consolidated financial statements were issued to determine whether any of these events required disclosure in the financial statements.

Common Stock Dividend

On February 13, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.205 per share for the first quarter of 2024. The dividend will be paid on March 28, 2024 to stockholders of record on March 15, 2024.

January Follow-On Offering

In January 2024, the Company completed a public offering of 11,040,000 shares of its common stock at the public offering price of $18.00 per share. In connection with the offering, the Company entered into forward sale agreements for 11,040,000 shares of its common stock. The Company did not initially receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the forward purchasers. The Company expects to physically settle the forward sale agreements (by delivery of shares of common stock) and receive proceeds from the sale of those shares upon one or more forward settlement dates, which shall occur no later than January 9, 2025. The Company may also elect to cash settle or net share settle all or a portion of its obligations under a forward sale agreement if it concludes it is in its best interest to do so. If the Company elects to cash settle a forward sale agreement, it may not receive any proceeds and it may owe cash to the relevant counterparty in certain circumstances. No physical settlement has occurred through the date on which these consolidated financial statements were issued.