Instil Bio Inc

1. Organization and Description of Business

Instil Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) is headquartered in Dallas, Texas and was incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 2018. The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing a pipeline of novel therapies. In particular, the Company seeks to in-license or acquire and develop novel therapeutic candidates in diseases with significant unmet medical need.

In August 2024, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, SynBioTx, Inc. (“SynBioTx”), in-licensed certain bispecific antibodies, including SYN-2510/IMM2510, a bispecific antibody targeting both programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as SYN-27M/IMM27M, a monoclonal antibody targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), from ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc. (“ImmuneOnco”). Pursuant to the license and collaboration agreement with ImmuneOnco (the “IO Collaboration Agreement”), SynBioTx has an exclusive license to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize these product candidates outside of China, including mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (“Greater China”). ImmuneOnco retains development and commercialization rights in Greater China.

The Company also has a proprietary (FRα) co-stimulatory antigen receptor (“CoStAR”) tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (“TIL”) cell therapy technology for the treatment of cancer, which the Company is seeking to advance via collaboration. In December 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with a third-party collaborator to develop an autologous FRα CoStAR TIL (the “CoStAR-TIL Collaboration Product”) for a potential investigator-initiated trial (“IIT”) in non-small cell lung cancer in China. The collaborator has an option to exclusively license the CoStAR-TIL Collaboration Product in China and Taiwan.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2024, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are also unaudited. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, any other periods, or any future year period. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 21, 2024.

Reverse Stock Split

Effective December 7, 2023, the Company effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of common stock. Where applicable, all share and per share amounts in this Quarterly Report have been adjusted to reflect the effect of the reverse stock split.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an entity for which separate discrete financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company has determined it operates in a single operating segment and hasone operating segment.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, Marketable Securities, and Long-Term Investments

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include amounts invested in money market accounts.

Restricted cash consists of a cash reserve which serves as collateral for the Company’s construction loan and is classified within current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024. There wasno restricted cash as of September 30, 2024 and $1.5 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s investments in marketable securities and long-term investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The Company classifies its maturities as either short-term or long-term based on each instrument’s underlying contractual maturity date, which are carried at their fair values based on the quoted market prices of the securities. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in net loss in the period earned or incurred. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, marketable securities consisted of U.S. Treasury bills.

The Company periodically reviews whether its securities may be other-than-temporarily impaired, including whether or not (i) the Company has the intent to sell the security or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. If one of these factors is met, the Company will record an impairment loss associated with its impaired investment. The impairment loss will be recorded as a write-down of investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and a realized loss within other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies long-lived assets or disposal groups to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset or disposal group; the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets or disposal group; the sale of the asset or disposal group is probable, and transfer of the asset or disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond the Company’s control extend the period of time required to sell the asset or disposal group beyond one year; the asset or disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated.

The Company initially measures a long-lived asset or disposal group that is held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Fair value is estimated by the Company through evaluations of quoted market prices received for other comparable held for sale assets sold by the Company. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a long-lived asset or disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset or disposal group less any costs to sell each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the asset or disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the asset at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. Upon determining that a long-lived asset or disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company ceases depreciation and reports long-lived assets in the line item “assets held for sale” in its condensed consolidated balance sheet. To date, the Company has recorded impairment losses on assets held for sale associated with the Plan as defined below in Note 11. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized non-cash impairment charges for assets held for sale of $1.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively, while during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 charges were $4.6 million and $16.2 million, respectively. The non-cash impairment charge was recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the line item “restructuring and impairment charges.”

Business Combinations

The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and related liabilities and other similar transactions to assess whether or not the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first applying a screen to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen is met, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If the screen is not met, further determination is required as to whether or not the Company has acquired inputs and processes that have the ability to create outputs which would meet the requirements of a business.

The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting which requires recognition and measurement of all identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their full fair value as of the date it obtains control. The Company has determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon management’s estimates of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisitions. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. The Company accounts for contingent consideration at the acquisition-date fair value as part of the consideration transferred in the transaction.

While management has used its best estimates and assumptions to measure the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, these estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, any changes in the estimated fair values of the net assets recorded for the acquisitions will result in an adjustment to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, the Company records any subsequent adjustments to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Acquisition-related costs, such as legal and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred.

The Company accounts for an asset acquisition by recognizing net assets based on the cost to the acquiring entity on a relative fair value basis, which includes transaction costs in addition to consideration given. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition; any excess consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to the non-monetary identifiable assets and liabilities assumed based on relative fair values. Acquired in-process research and development is expensed as incurred provided there is no alternative future use.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset over its remaining useful life. If such assets are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. If the useful life is shorter than originally estimated, the Company depreciates or amortizes the remaining carrying value over the revised shorter useful life. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reflected at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. To date, the Company has recorded impairment losses on long-lived assets associated with a sustained decrease in the Company’s stock price and in connection with the Plan as defined below in Note 11. The Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $0.1 million and $0.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, andnil and $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, related to leasehold improvements. Additionally, the Company recognized impairment charges of $41.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 relating to real estate. These impairment charges were recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the line item “restructuring and impairment charges.” See Notes 7 and 11 for more information.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Clinical trial and other development costs incurred by third parties are expensed as the contracted work is performed. The Company accrues for costs incurred as the services are being provided by monitoring the status of the trial or project and the invoices received from its external service providers. The Company adjusts its accrual as actual costs become known. Where contingent milestone payments are due to third parties under research and development arrangements or license agreements, the milestone payment obligations are expensed when the milestone results are achieved.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU 2023-07 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” to expand the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU 2023-09 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU no. 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The amendments in this update require disclosure, in the notes to the financial statements, of specific expense categories present within expense captions presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations of public business entities. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027.

A variety of proposed or otherwise potential accounting standards are currently being studied by standard-setting organizations and certain regulatory agencies. Because of the tentative and preliminary nature of such proposed standards, the Company has not yet determined the effect, if any, that the implementation of such proposed standards would have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Balance Sheet Components

Prepaid and other current assets

Prepaid and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation expense was $0.9 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $2.9 million and $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company capitalized interest ofnil during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, while during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalizednil and $2.4 million, respectively, of interest related to qualifying expenditures for construction work-in-progress for its Tarzana manufacturing facility.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

4. Fair Value Measurement

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying value since cash and cash equivalents consist of short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of less than three months at the time of purchase. Cash and cash equivalents are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and are therefore classified as Level 1 assets. Money market funds are open-end mutual funds that invest in cash, government securities, and/or repurchase agreements that are collateralized fully. To the extent that these funds are valued based upon the reported net asset value, they are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Short-term and long-term marketable securities comprised U.S. Treasury bills that are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations, alternative pricing sources or U.S. Government Treasury yield of appropriate term.

The following tables provide information by level for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis:

There were no transfers in or out of Level 1, 2 and 3 measurements for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no securities within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The derivative financial instrument above relates to the interest rate swap discussed in Note 7, and is included inprepaid expenses and current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the Company’s Loan (as defined in Note 7) was $77.7 million. The fair value was determined on the basis of its net present value and is considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

5. Financial Instruments

Marketable securities and long-term investments classified as available-for-sale on September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, marketable securities that had contractual maturities less than one year are classified as current because management considers these marketable securities to be available for current operations. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, marketable securities that had contractual maturities between one and two years are classified as long-term because management considers these marketable securities to be available for operations beyond one year. The Company does not intend to sell its marketable securities and it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. There were $113.7 million of marketable securities and $2.6 million of long-term investments maturing in less than two years classified as available-for-sale as of September 30, 2024. There were $141.2 million of marketable securities and $23.2 million of long-term investments maturing in less than two years classified as available-for-sale as of December 31, 2023.

6. License and Collaboration Agreement with ImmuneOnco

On August 1, 2024, SynBioTx and ImmuneOnco entered into the IO Collaboration Agreement pursuant to which SynBioTx in-licensed certain bispecific antibodies, including SYN-2510/IMM2510 and SYN-27M/IMM27M from ImmuneOnco. Pursuant the IO Collaboration Agreement, SynBioTx paid ImmuneOnco a $10.0 million upfront payment and prepaid ImmuneOnco $5.0 million in development costs in the quarter ended September 30, 2024. ImmuneOnco is eligible to receive additional potential near-term payments of up to $35.0 million, up to $2.1 billion in commercial, development and regulatory milestones (including up to $270.0 million in longer term development and regulatory milestones and up to $1.8 billion in commercial milestones) plus single-digit to low double-digit percentage royalties on global net sales of the licensed products outside of Greater China.

The expenses recognized in connection with the IO Collaboration Agreement were $10.0 million andnil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, recorded as a component of In-process research and development on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2024, no additional milestones had been accrued as the underlying contingencies had not yet been resolved.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Company as a Lessee: Operating Lease Obligations

The Company currently leases office spaces and laboratory spaces located in Greater Los Angeles, California, Dallas, Texas, and the United Kingdom. The Company’s leased facilities have original lease terms ranging from 2 to 5 years that predominately require the Company to provide a security deposit, while certain leases provide the right for the Company to renew the lease upon the expiration of the initial lease term, and various leases have scheduled rent increases on an annual basis. The exercise of lease renewal options for the Company’s existing leases is at the Company’s sole discretion, and not included in the measurement of right of use asset or lease liability as they are not reasonably certain to be exercised. Certain leases have leasehold improvements and are being amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvements or the remaining life of the lease. Such improvements incurred by the Company will revert to the landlord at the expiration of the lease and will be removed from Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s lease costs consist of the following (in thousands):

The following table summarizes cash flow information related to the Company’s lease obligations (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the Company’s lease assets and liabilities (in thousands):

The following table summarizes other supplemental information related to the Company’s lease obligations:

Future minimum lease payments under operating lease liabilities were (in thousands):

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company evaluated its remaining right-of-use assets for impairment, as the Plan (as defined below in Note 11) has resulted in a cessation of use for several locations. The Company determined these assets were impaired, and has recognized an impairment loss of $0.6 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $0.8 million and $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 respectively, which are recorded in the line item “restructuring and impairment charges” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Company as Lessor: Tarzana Facility Lease with AstraZeneca

On July 10, 2024, Complex Therapeutics LLC entered into a lease (the “Lease”) with AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP (“Tenant”) pursuant to which Tenant is leasing the Property located in Tarzana, CA. The Lease has an initial term of approximately 15 years, beginning on July 10, 2024 (the “Commencement Date”) and ending on July 31, 2039, with Tenant having two consecutive options to extend the term for afive-year period each and a one-time option to terminate the Lease on the tenth anniversary of the Commencement Date, which, if exercised, obligates Tenant to pay Complex Therapeutics LLC a termination fee. The initial base rent is $0.6 million per month ($7.5 million annually) and the base rent will escalate by 3% per annum. Tenant is also required to pay certain operating expenses and tax expenses as additional rent. There is rent abatement during the first year of the Lease such that Tenant will pay no rent or reduced rent during this period. Tenant also has a right of first offer to purchase the premises that are subject to the Lease.

The Lease is classified as an operating lease and revenue will be recognized on a straight-line basis and will be recorded within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the line item “Other rental income” as this is not a part of the Company’s core operations rental income has been presented in other income rather than as revenue on the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Lease income related to the operating lease was as follows (in thousands):

Approximate future fixed contractual lease payments to be received under a non-cancelable operating lease in effect as of September 30, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and that such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. The Company does not expect that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Debt

In June 2022, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Complex Therapeutics Mezzanine LLC, and the Company’s wholly owned indirect subsidiary, Complex Therapeutics LLC, entered into a mortgage construction loan and mezzanine construction loan (together, the “Loan”) secured by its Tarzana, California land and building (the “Property”). The initial principal amount of the Loan was $52.1 million, with additional future principal of up to $32.9 million to fund ongoing Property construction costs. Construction has been completed and on July 10, 2024, Complex Therapeutics LLC entered into the Lease. If the Company does not refinance or sell the Property prior to July 2025, when the Loan will be payable, the Company intends to use its option to extend the Loan until July 2026; the Company also has an another option to extend the Loan until July 2027. As of September 30, 2024, the outstanding principal amount under the Loan was $82.8 million and unamortized debt issuance costs were $0.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, $0.6 million in additional principal was paid in accordance with the Loan. The Loan is guaranteed by the Company and secured by the Property, and bears interest at the one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate, plus 5.25% per annum. The Company discontinued capitalizing interest in June 2023 as the building was substantially complete at such time. The Loan contains customary negative and affirmative covenants that include limitations on the ability of the Company to enter into significant contracts and incur additional debt. The Company is also required to maintain consolidated net worth and liquid assets of at least $85.0 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 as defined in the loan agreement. As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Loan. The Company is also required to maintain certain insurance coverage on the Property. In connection with the Loan, the Company entered into an interest rate swap to effectively limit its maximum interest rate, as discussed in Note 4.

The net carrying amount of the liability component of the Loan was as follows (in thousands):

The following table sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the Loan (in thousands):

Other Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and various purchase agreements commitments with third-party vendors for clinical research services, products and other services from third parties for operating purposes. These agreements generally provide for termination or cancellation, other than for costs already incurred. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no outstanding liabilities, respectively, in commitments for employee benefits as part of the Plan. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $2.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively, in commitments for contract terminations as part of the Plan (see Note 11).

The Company has entered into an agreement with a third-party collaborator to develop the CoStAR-TIL Collaboration Product with the aim of enrolling patients in IITs in China. Milestone payments of $2.6 million were made during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and were recorded within research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and upon successful completion of future milestones, the Company may be required to pay up to $3.4 million for clinical development.

8. Equity

Common Stock

Each share of common stock has the right toone vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors (the“Board of Directors”), subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. No cash dividends have been declared by the Board of Directors from inception.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 6,525,266 and 6,503,913 shares of common stock outstanding, respectively.

Preferred Stock Activity

The Company’s current amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock at $0.000001 par value per share. The Board of Directors is authorized to provide for the issuance of the preferred stock in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares and to determine or alter for each such series, such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designation, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in subsequent resolution or resolutions adopted by the board providing for the issuance of such shares. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there wereno shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

9. Stock-Based Compensation

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

In March 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which became effective in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”). The 2021 Plan was approved by the Board of Directors and stockholders in March 2021. The 2021 Plan is an equity incentive plan pursuant to which the Company may grant the following awards: (i) incentive stock options; (ii) nonstatutory stock options; (iii) stock appreciation rights; (iv) restricted stock awards; (v) restricted stock unit awards; (vi) performance awards; and (vii) other forms of stock awards to employees, directors, and consultants, including employees and consultants of the Company’s affiliates. The 2021 Plan is a successor to the Company’s 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). Following the effectiveness of the 2021 Plan, no further grants may be made under the 2018 Plan; however, any outstanding equity awards granted under the 2018 Plan will continue to be governed by the terms of the 2018 Plan.

As of September 30, 2024,185,883 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the 2021 Plan. As of September 30, 2024, the total number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan was 642,722 shares.

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation included in the Company’s statement of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2024, there was $21.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted under the 2018 Plan and 2021 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In March 2021, the Company adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective in connection with the IPO. The ESPP was adopted by the Board of Directors and stockholders in March 2021, but the Company has not yet commenced offerings to employees under the ESPP. The ESPP initially provides participating employees with the opportunity to purchase up to an aggregate of 61,850 shares of common stock. The number of shares reserved under the ESPP automatically increases on January 1 of each year through and until January 1, 2031, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i)1% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, and (ii)123,700 shares; provided, however, that before the date of any such increase, the Board of Directors may determine that such increase will be less than the amount set forth in clauses (i) and (ii).

10. Net Loss Per Share

The following outstanding potentially dilutive shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented due to their anti-dilutive effect:

11. Corporate Restructuring Plan

In December 2022, the Board of Directors approved a strategic reprioritization of the Company’s preclinical and clinical development programs (referred to as the “2022 Plan”). In January 2023, the Board approved an additional restructuring plan (referred to as the “2023 Plan”) and the Company announced the consolidation of the ITIL-306 Phase 1 clinical trial and related manufacturing of CoStAR-TIL to its operations in Manchester, UK and stopped recruiting for the ITIL-306 clinical trial.

In January 2024, the Board of Directors approved a comprehensive restructuring plan, which included the closure of the Company’s UK manufacturing facility and clinical trial operations, as well as the cessation of the ITIL-306 clinical trial. In September 2024, the Board of Directors approved additional UK restructuring actions, which has resulted in the elimination of the majority of the remaining UK workforce, with the remaining reduction and restructuring activities anticipated to be largely completed by the end of 2024. Collectively, these actions are referred to as the “2024 Plan.”

The 2022 Plan, 2023 Plan and 2024 Plan are collectively referred to as the “Plan”.

As a result of the Plan, the Company recorded charges of $2.4 million and $7.1 million within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the line item “restructuring and impairment charges” for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $46.3 million and $71.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company estimates that it will incur additional charges of up to $0.5 million by the end of 2024, including employee termination costs, severance and other benefits, and contract termination costs. The charges that the Company expects to incur in connection with the 2024 Plan are subject to a number of assumptions, and actual results may differ materially.

These charges relate to asset impairments, contract terminations, severance payments and other employee-related costs incurred. The following table summarizes the restructuring and impairment charges by category (in thousands):

Restructuring Liability

As a result of the Plan, the restructuring liability was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” and was measured at the amount expected to be paid, or that was paid. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company paidnil and $1.4 million of restructuring costs, respectively, and expects to pay the remainder of the restructuring costs by the end of 2024. The following table shows the liability related to the Plan (in thousands):