Baldwin Insurance Group Inc

1. Business and Basis of Presentation

The Baldwin Insurance Group, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on July 1, 2019 as BRP Group, Inc. and, on May 2, 2024, was renamed The Baldwin Insurance Group, Inc.

The Baldwin Insurance Group, Inc. is a holding company and sole managing member of The Baldwin Insurance Group Holdings, LLC (formerly Baldwin Risk Partners, LLC) (“Baldwin Holdings”) and its sole material asset is its ownership interest in Baldwin Holdings, through which all of its business has been and is conducted. In these condensed consolidated financial statements, unless the context otherwise requires, the words “Baldwin,” and the “Company” refer to The Baldwin Insurance Group, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including Baldwin Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates.

Baldwin is a diversified insurance agency and services organization that markets and sells insurance products and services to its Clients throughout the U.S. A significant portion of the Company’s business is concentrated in the Southeastern U.S., with several other regional concentrations. Baldwin and its subsidiaries operate through three reportable segments (“Operating Groups”), Insurance Advisory Solutions, Underwriting, Capacity & Technology Solutions and Mainstreet Insurance Solutions, which are discussed in more detail in Note 14.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Baldwin and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

As the sole manager of Baldwin Holdings, Baldwin operates and controls all the business and affairs of Baldwin Holdings, and has the sole voting interest in, and controls the management of, Baldwin Holdings. Accordingly, Baldwin consolidates Baldwin Holdings in its consolidated financial statements, resulting in a noncontrolling interest related to the membership interests of Baldwin Holdings (the “LLC Units”) held by Baldwin Holdings’ members in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company has prepared these condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation(“Topic 810”). Topic 810 requires that if an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the variable interest entity should be included in the consolidated financial statements of the enterprise. The Company has recognized certain entities as variable interest entities, of which the Company is the primary beneficiary, and has included the accounts of these entities in the consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 3 for additional information regarding the Company’s variable interest entities.

Topic 810 also requires that the equity of a noncontrolling interest shall be reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets within total equity of the Company. Certain redeemable noncontrolling interests are reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity. Topic 810 also requires revenues, expenses, gains, losses, net income or loss, and other comprehensive income or loss to be reported in the consolidated financial statements at consolidated amounts, which include amounts attributable to the owners of the parent and the noncontrolling interests.

Unaudited Interim Financial Reporting

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and related notes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of recurring accruals, considered necessary for fair presentation of the financial statements have been included. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet for the year ended December 31, 2023 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates underlying the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the application of guidance for revenue recognition; impairment of intangible assets and goodwill; the valuation of contingent consideration; and the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.

Changes in Presentation

As previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, beginning in January 2024, the Company’s FounderShield Partner moved from the Underwriting, Capacity & Technology Solutions Operating Group to the Insurance Advisory Solutions Operating Group. Prior year segment reporting information in Note 14 has been recast to conform to the current organizational structure.

In addition, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s previously reported consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”) to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disclosure of specific categories and disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table using both percentages and reporting currency amounts. ASU 2023-09 also requires disclosure of disaggregated information related to income taxes paid, income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects the adoption of this standard to expand its income tax disclosures, but otherwise have no impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280)—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”) to enhance the disclosure requirements for reportable segments. ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), as well as an aggregate amount of other segment items included within segment profit or loss and a description of its composition. Additionally, ASU 2023-07 requires a description of how the CODM utilizes the reported measure of segment operating results to assess segment performance. ASU 2023-07 also requires enhanced interim disclosure requirements effectively making annual disclosures a requirement for interim reporting. The annual requirements of ASU 2023-07 became effective for the Company January 1, 2024, at which time it was adopted. The Company will include the new disclosures in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2024 as required. New interim period disclosures are required for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2025 and will be included in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q at that time.

2. Business Divestitures

Since its launch in January 2020, the Company's specialty wholesale broker business (the “Wholesale Business”), operating within the Underwriting, Capacity & Technology Solutions Operating Group, had not benefited from the same degree of capital allocation, focus and prioritization as the retail and MGA businesses. After assessing the various paths forward for the Wholesale Business, near the end of 2023, management concluded that a plan to sell the Wholesale Business created the greatest opportunity for both the Company and the Wholesale Business.

As of December 31, 2023, the Wholesale Business met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. The assets and liabilities were recorded as held for sale at their carrying value, which was determined to be lower than the fair value of the net assets less costs to sell and, as a result, no loss was recorded relating to the reclassification. The divestiture did not meet the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations and the Company continued to report the operating results for its Wholesale Business as continuing operations in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) through February 29, 2024.

On March 1, 2024, the Company closed on the sale of its Wholesale Business for proceeds of approximately $58.9 million, subject to certain customary purchase price adjustments. The Company derecognized assets of $61.8 million, which included $9.5 million of goodwill, and liabilities of $39.9 million. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain on the sale of $35.1 million (after post-closing adjustments), which is included as a component of gain on divestitures in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

3. Variable Interest Entities

Topic 810 requires a reporting entity to consolidate a variable interest entity (“VIE”) when the reporting entity has a variable interest or combination of variable interests that provide the entity with a controlling financial interest in the VIE. The Company continually assesses whether it has a controlling financial interest in each of its VIEs to determine if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and should, therefore, consolidate each of the VIEs. A reporting entity is considered to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if it has (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb the losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company determined that it is the primary beneficiary of its VIEs, which include Laureate Insurance Partners, LLC, BKS Smith, LLC, BKS MS, LLC and BKS Partners Galati Marine Solutions, LLC. The Company has consolidated its VIEs into the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Total revenues and expenses of the Company’s consolidated VIEs included in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) were $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Total revenues and expenses of the Company’s consolidated VIEs included in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) were $1.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and $1.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Total assets and liabilities of the Company's consolidated VIEs included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets were $1.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, at June 30, 2024 and $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023. The assets of the consolidated VIEs can only be used to settle the obligations of the consolidated VIEs and the creditors of the liabilities of the consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the Company.

4. Revenue

The following table provides disaggregated revenues by major source:

(1)Commission revenue is earned by providing insurance placement services to Clients under direct bill and agency bill arrangements with Insurance Company Partners for private risk management, commercial risk management, wealth management, employee benefits and Medicare insurance types.

(2)Profit-sharing revenue represents bonus-type revenue that is earned by the Company as a sales incentive provided by certain Insurance Company Partners.

(3)Service fee revenue is earned for providing insurance placement services to Clients for a negotiated fee and consulting revenue is earned by providing specialty insurance consulting.

(4)Policy fee revenue represents revenue earned for acting in the capacity of an MGA and fulfilling certain administrative functions on behalf of Insurance Company Partners, including delivery of policy documents, processing payments and other administrative functions. Installment fee revenue represents revenue earned by the Company for providing payment processing services on behalf of Insurance Company Partners related to policy premiums paid on an installment basis.

(5) Other income includes other ancillary income, premium financing income, and marketing income that is based on agreed-upon cost reimbursement for fulfilling specific targeted Medicare marketing campaigns.

(6) Investment income represents interest earnings on available cash invested in treasury money market funds.

The application of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) requires the use of management judgment. The following are the areas of most significant judgment as it relates to Topic 606:

•The Company considers the policyholders as representative of its customers in the majority of contractual relationships, with the exception of Medicare contracts in its Mainstreet Insurance Solutions Operating Group, where the Insurance Company Partner is considered its customer.

•Medicare contracts in the Mainstreet Insurance Solutions Operating Group are multi-year arrangements in which the Company is entitled to renewal commissions. However, the Company has applied a constraint to renewal commissions that limits revenue recognized when a risk of significant reversals exists based on: (i) historical renewal patterns; and (ii) the influence of external factors outside of the Company’s control, including policyholder discretion over plans and Insurance Company Partner relationship, political influence, and a contractual provision, which limits the Company’s right to receive renewal commissions to ongoing compliance and regulatory approval of the relevant Insurance Company Partner and compliance with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

•The Company recognizes separately contracted commission revenue at the effective date of insurance placement and considers any ongoing interaction with the customer to be insignificant in the context of the obligations of the contract.

•Variable consideration includes estimates of direct bill commissions, reserves for policy cancellations and accruals for profit-sharing income.

•Costs to obtain a contract are deferred and recognized over five years, which represents management’s estimate of the average benefit period for new business.

•Due to the relatively short time period between the information gathering phase and binding insurance coverage, the Company has determined that costs to fulfill contracts are not significant. Therefore, costs to fulfill a contract are expensed as incurred.

5. Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets arise when the Company recognizes (i) revenue for amounts that have not yet been billed and (ii) receivables for premiums to be collected on behalf of Insurance Company Partners. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract before the transfer of a good or service to the customer. Contract assets are included in premiums, commissions and fees receivable, net and contract liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The balances of contract assets and liabilities arising from contracts with customers were as follows:

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $27.8 million related to the contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2023.

6. Deferred Commission Expense

The Company pays an incremental amount of compensation in the form of producer commissions on new business. In accordance with ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, these incremental costs are deferred and amortized over five years, which represents management’s estimate of the average benefit period for new business. Deferred commission expense represents producer commissions that are capitalized and not yet expensed and are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The table below provides a rollforward of deferred commission expense:

7. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

(1)Represents the unpaid portion of contingent earnout liabilities that were reclassified, at the Partner's option, to an earnout incentive bonus payable to Colleagues. Refer to the contingent earnout liabilities rollforward in Note 12 for additional information.

8. Long-Term Debt

As of December 31, 2023, the JPM Credit Agreement, as amended, provided for senior secured credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of $1.62 billion, which consisted of (i) a term loan facility in the principal amount of $1.02 billion maturing in October 2027 (the “Term Loan B”) and (ii) a revolving credit facility with commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $600 million maturing in April 2027 (the “Revolving Facility”). The Term Loan B bore interest at term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment between 11 bps and 43 bps, based on the term SOFR rate, plus an applicable margin of 350 bps, subject to a term SOFR floor of 50 bps. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility accrued interest at SOFR plus 210 bps to SOFR plus 310 bps based on total net leverage ratio.

On May 24, 2024, Baldwin Holdings refinanced the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan B and the Revolving Facility with a portion of the proceeds from an offering of $600 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.125% senior secured notes due May 15, 2031 (the “Senior Secured Notes”) and borrowings under a new $840 million senior secured first lien term loan facility maturing May 24, 2031 (the “2024 Term Loan”). In connection with the refinancing, Baldwin Holdings also established a new senior secured first lien revolving facility with commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $600 million maturing May 24, 2029 (the “2024 Revolving Facility” and, together with the 2024 Term Loan, the “2024 Credit Facility”).

In connection with the Senior Secured Notes and the 2024 Credit Facility, the Company incurred $30.9 million in debt issuance costs, of which $17.2 million were capitalized as deferred financing costs that will be amortized over the term of the related debt. A substantial portion of the deferred financing costs relate to the Senior Secured Notes and 2024 Term Loan and are recorded as an offset to long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, while those associated with the 2024 Revolving Facility are included in other assets. The remaining costs of $13.6 million, consisting of third-party financing costs related to the portion of the Term Loan B refinancing that was accounted for as a modification of debt, were expensed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company recorded an additional loss of $1.0 million related to the partial extinguishment of the Term Loan B during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. All remaining previously unamortized deferred financing costs continue to be amortized over the term of the 2024 Term Loan and 2024 Revolving Facility, as appropriate. The aggregate loss on extinguishment and modification of debt of $14.7 million was reported separately in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

Senior Secured Notes

The Senior Secured Notes were issued by Baldwin Holdings and a wholly-owned corporate subsidiary of Baldwin Holdings (the “co-issuer” and, together with Baldwin Holdings, the “issuers”) pursuant to an indenture, dated as of May 24, 2024 (the “indenture”), by and among the issuers, the guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee and notes collateral agent. Interest on the Senior Secured Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2024. The Senior Secured Notes are jointly, severally and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the guarantors that guarantee or will guarantee indebtedness under the 2024 Credit Facility (the “guarantees”). The Senior Secured Notes and the guarantees rank pari passu in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the issuers and the guarantors, including indebtedness under the 2024 Credit Facility, and are secured on a first-lien basis by the collateral that secures indebtedness under the 2024 Credit Facility.

The Senior Secured Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part, at any time on or after May 15, 2027 at the redemption prices set forth in the indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Prior to May 15, 2027, the issuers may also redeem some or all of the Senior Secured Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, plus the applicable “make-whole” premium described in the indenture. In addition, the issuers may redeem (i) until May 15, 2027, up to 40% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes (which includes additional notes, if any) with an amount not to exceed the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings, at a redemption price equal to 107.125% of the aggregate principal amount thereof and (ii) at any time prior to May 15, 2027, up to 10% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes (which includes additional notes, if any) during any twelve-month period following the issue date of the Senior Secured Notes (provided that such period commencing on the issue date of the Senior Secured Notes shall end on May 15, 2025) at a redemption price equal to 103% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, in each case, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to the redemption date. In addition, if certain kinds of “changes of control” occur, the issuers must offer to purchase the Senior Secured Notes at the prices set forth in the indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of purchase.

The indenture governing the Senior Secured Notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the issuers and their restricted subsidiaries to:

•incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares;

•incur liens or use assets as security in other transactions;

•make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments;

•engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and

•merge or consolidate or sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets.

The issuers were in compliance with all such covenants at June 30, 2024.

The indenture also provides for customary events of default.

2024 Credit Facility

The 2024 Term Loan was issued at 99.75% of par and bears interest at a rate of term SOFR, plus an applicable margin of 325 bps (resulting in an interest rate of 8.59% at June 30, 2024), with a margin step-down to 300 bps at a first lien net leverage ratio of 4.00x or below.

The outstanding borrowings under the 2024 Term Loan are required to be prepaid with: (a) up to 50% of excess cash flow (which will be reduced to 25% and 0% if specified total first lien net leverage ratios are met); (b)100% of the net cash proceeds of certain asset dispositions, subject to certain thresholds and reinvestment provisions; and (c)100% of the net proceeds of debt that is incurred in violation of the 2024 Credit Agreement.

Principal payments of $2.1 million are due quarterly for the 2024 Term Loan beginning on September 30, 2024, with the balance payable in full on the maturity date thereof. Quarterly amortization payments may be reduced by any mandatory or voluntary prepayments including excess cash flow payments.

The interest rate for the 2024 Revolving Facility is term SOFR, plus a credit spread adjustment of 10 bps, plus an applicable margin of 200 bps to 300 bps based on a total first lien net leverage ratio. There wereno outstanding borrowings on the 2024 Revolving Facility at June 30, 2024; however, the 2024 Revolving Facility is subject to a commitment fee of 0.40% on the unused capacity at June 30, 2024, which may be reduced to 0.35%,0.30% or 0.25% if total net leverage ratio reduces to certain specified levels in the future. The Company will pay a letter of credit fee equal to the margin then in effect with respect to term SOFR loans under the 2024 Revolving Facility multiplied by the daily amount available to be drawn under any letter of credit, a fronting fee and any customary documentary and processing charges for any letter of credit issued under the 2024 Credit Agreement.

All obligations under the 2024 Credit Facility are jointly, severally and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by certain of Baldwin Holdings’ direct and indirect subsidiaries (the “guarantors”) that also guarantee the Senior Secured Notes, subject to certain legal and tax limitations and other agreed exceptions, and are secured by substantially all the assets of Baldwin Holdings and the guarantors, subject to certain agreed limitations.

The 2024 Credit Agreement, the definitive agreement for the 2024 Credit Facility, provides that Baldwin Holdings has the right at any time to request incremental facilities in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the sum of (a) the greater of (1) $285.0 million and (2)100% of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the 2024 Credit Agreement) for the most recently completed four fiscal quarter period for which internal financial statements are available plus (b) all voluntary prepayments and/or redemptions of term loan facilities and certain other indebtedness secured on a pari passu basis with the obligations under the 2024 Credit Facility and all voluntary commitment reductions of the 2024 Revolving Facility (except in each case to the extent financed with proceeds from the incurrence of long-term indebtedness) plus (c) an amount such that, after giving effect to the incurrence of any such incremental facility pursuant to this clause (c) (which shall be deemed to include the full amount of any incremental revolving facility assuming that the full amount of such facility was drawn) and after giving effect to any acquisition, disposition, debt incurrence, debt retirement and other transactions to be consummated in connection therewith, Baldwin Holdings would be in compliance, on a pro forma basis, with a total first lien net leverage ratio of 5.50 x or below. The lenders under the 2024 Credit Agreement are not under any obligation to provide any such incremental facilities and any such incremental facilities will be subject to certain customary conditions.

The 2024 Credit Agreement contains certain financial, affirmative and negative covenants that are customary for a senior credit facility of this type. The negative covenants in the 2024 Credit Agreement include limitations (subject to agreed exceptions) on the ability of Baldwin Holdings and its material subsidiaries to:

•incur additional indebtedness (including guarantees);

•incur liens;

•make investments, loans and advances;

•implement mergers, consolidations and sales of assets (including sale and lease-back transactions);

•make restricted payments or enter into restrictive agreements (including those with negative pledge clauses);

•enter into transactions with affiliates on non-arm’s-length terms;

•change the business conducted by Baldwin Holdings and its subsidiaries;

•prepay, or make redemptions and repurchases of specified indebtedness;

•use the proceeds of the loans under the 2024 Credit Agreement in certain prohibited manners;

•make certain amendments to the organizational documents of Baldwin Holdings and its material subsidiaries; and

•change Baldwin Holdings’ fiscal year.

The 2024 Credit Agreement contains a financial maintenance covenant requiring Baldwin Holdings to maintain a total first lien net leverage ratio at or below 7.00 to 1.00 on a pro forma basis. The 2024 Credit Agreement also contains certain customary events of default with certain cure periods, as applicable. Baldwin Holdings was in compliance with all such covenants at June 30, 2024.

Interest Rate Caps

The Company uses interest rate caps to mitigate its exposure to interest rate risk on its debt by limiting the impact of interest rate changes on cash flows. The interest rate caps limit the variability of the applicable base rate to the amount of the cap. The interest rate caps, which are included as a component of other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, are recorded at an aggregate fair value of $0.1 million and $2.6 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized a loss on interest rate caps of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and a gain on interest rate caps of $1.7 million and $0.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The gain or loss on interest rate caps is included as a component of other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

9. Related Party Transactions

Related Party Balances

The Company has $0.8 million and $1.5 million due from related parties at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which includes amounts due from Partners for post-closing cash requirements in accordance with Partnership agreements. The receivable at December 31, 2023 also includes $0.8 million for a loan made to Emerald Bay Risk Solutions, LLC (“Emerald Bay”), an entity formed for the benefit of the MGA of the Future business, and with which Baldwin Holdings, Lowry Baldwin, the Company's Chairman, and members of the Company's executive management team have made capital commitments. Due from related parties is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Baldwin Holdings recorded an investment in Emerald Bay of $2.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Investments are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Related party notes payable of $5.6 million and $1.5 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, relate to the settlement of contingent earnout consideration for certain of the Company’s Partners.

Commission Revenue

The Company serves as a broker for Holding Company of the Villages, Inc. (“The Villages”), a significant shareholder, and certain affiliated entities. Commission revenue recorded from transactions with The Villages and affiliated entities was $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $2.3 million and $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company serves as a broker for certain entities in which a member of Baldwin’s board of directors has a material interest. Commission revenue recorded from transactions with these entities was $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. No commission revenue was recorded from such transactions during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Commissions Expense

Two brothers of Lowry Baldwin, the Company’s Chairman, received producer commissions from the Company comprising approximately $0.1 million during each of the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and $0.3 million during each of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Rent Expense

The Company has various agreements to lease office space from wholly-owned subsidiaries of The Villages. Total rent expense incurred with respect to The Villages and its wholly-owned subsidiaries was approximately $0.1 million for each of the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and $0.2 million for each of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Total right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets relating to these lease agreements were $1.2 million each at June 30, 2024 and $1.4 million each at December 31, 2023.

The Company has various agreements to lease office space from other related parties. Total rent expense incurred with respect to other related parties was $0.9 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.9 million for each of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Total right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets relating to these lease agreements were $11.4 million and $11.9 million, respectively, at June 30, 2024 and $12.9 million and $13.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023.

10. Share-Based Compensation

The Company has an Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) and a Partnership Inducement Award Plan (the “Inducement Plan” and, collectively with the Omnibus Plan, the “Plans”) to motivate and reward Colleagues and certain other individuals to perform at the highest level and contribute significantly to the Company’s success, thereby furthering the best interests of Baldwin’s stockholders. The total number of shares of Class A common stock authorized for issuance under the Omnibus Plan and the Inducement Plan was 10,793,035 and 3,000,000, respectively, at June 30, 2024.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company made awards of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), performance-based restricted stock unit awards (“PSUs”), and fully vested shares under the Plans to its non-employee directors, officers, Colleagues and consultants. Fully-vested shares issued to directors, officers and Colleagues during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were vested upon issuance and PSUs issued to officers vest in the quarter following the end of a performance period ofthree years, while RSAs issued to Colleagues, consultants and officers generally either cliff vest after three tofour years or vest ratably over three tofive years.

The following table summarizes the activity for awards granted by the Company under the Plans:

The total fair value of shares that vested and settled under the Plans was $30.6 million and $24.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Share-based compensation is recognized ratably over the vesting period of the respective awards and includes expense related to issuances under the Plans. Share-based compensation also includes the portion of annual bonuses that are payable in fully-vested shares of Class A common stock. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for the Plans net of actual forfeitures. The Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $14.7 million and $18.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $28.8 million and $32.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Share-based compensation expense is included in commissions, employee compensation and benefits expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

11. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Baldwin by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares of common stock.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:

Potentially dilutive securities consist of unvested stock awards, including RSAs and PSUs, in addition to shares of Class B common stock, which can be exchanged (together with a corresponding number of LLC Units) for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the Company's diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding calculation for the periods presented as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

The shares of Class B common stock do not share in the earnings or losses attributable to Baldwin, and therefore, are not participating securities. Accordingly, a separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class B common stock under the two-class method has not been included.

12. Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“Topic 820”) established a framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under Topic 820 are described below:

Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access.

Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The fair value measurement level for assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis within each level of the fair value hierarchy:

The fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities.

Methodologies used for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are based on limited unobservable inputs. These methods may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of the net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The fair value of contingent earnout liabilities is based on sales projections for the acquired entities, which are reassessed each reporting period. Based on the Company’s ongoing assessment of the fair value of its contingent earnout liabilities, the Company recorded a net increase in the estimated fair value of such liabilities of $5.6 million and $18.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The Company has assessed the maximum estimated exposure to the contingent earnout liabilities to be $459.5 million at June 30, 2024.

The Company measures contingent earnout liabilities at fair value each reporting period using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses a probability weighted value analysis as a valuation technique to convert future estimated cash flows to a single present value amount. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements are sales projections over the earnout period, and the probability outcome percentages assigned to each scenario. Significant increases or decreases to either of these inputs would result in a significantly higher or lower liability with a higher liability capped by the contractual maximum of the contingent earnout liabilities. Ultimately, the liability will be equivalent to the amount settled, and the difference between the fair value estimate and amount settled will be recorded in earnings for business combinations, or as a change in the carrying value of the assets acquired for asset acquisitions.

The fair value of the contingent earnout liabilities is based on Monte Carlo simulations that measure the present value of the expected future payments to be made to Partners in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements, which is a Level 3 fair value measurement. In determining fair value, the Company estimates the Partner’s future performance using financial projections developed by management for the Partner and market participant assumptions that were derived for revenue growth, the number of rental units tracked or the insured value of sourced homeowners insurance. Revenue growth rates generally ranged from 8% to 22% at June 30, 2024 and from 10% to 35% at December 31, 2023. The Company estimates future payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in each purchase agreement and these financial projections. These payments are discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted rate that takes into consideration market-based rates of return that reflect the ability of the Partner to achieve the targets. These discount rates generally ranged from 9.75% to 12.00% at June 30, 2024 and from 7.50% to 13.75% at December 31, 2023. Changes in financial projections, market participant assumptions for revenue growth, or the risk-adjusted discount rate, would result in a change in the fair value of contingent consideration.

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s contingent earnout liabilities, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis utilizing Level 3 assumptions in their valuation:

(1)The Company reclassified $2.8 million and $6.4 million of its contingent earnout liabilities through the issuance of Colleague earnout incentives during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, which results in a reduction to the change in fair value of contingent consideration and an increase to commissions, employee compensation and benefits expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Refer to Note 7 for additional information on Colleague earnout incentive balances.

(2) The Company settled $5.6 million of its contingent earnout liabilities through the issuance of related party notes payable during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 includes $1.5 million of payments of contingent earnout consideration related to a similar non-cash settlement in a prior period.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The fair value of long-term debt and the revolving line of credit is based on an estimate using a discounted cash flow analysis and current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying amount and estimated fair value of long-term debt and the revolving line of credit were as follows:

(1)The carrying amount of long-term debt reflects outstanding borrowings, which are presented net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $31.2 million and $20.3 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

As of June 30, 2024, Baldwin Holdings has a remaining commitment to the University of South Florida (“USF”) to donate $4.2 million through October 2028. The gift will provide support for the School of Risk Management and Insurance in the USF Muma College of Business. It is currently anticipated that Lowry Baldwin, the Company’s Chairman, will fund half of the amounts to be donated by Baldwin Holdings.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. A liability is recorded when a loss is considered probable and is reasonably estimable in accordance with GAAP. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, the Company will disclose the nature of the claim and, if possible, an estimate of the loss or range of loss. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

During 2023, Ruby Wagner, a putative Class A stockholder of the Company, filed a class action lawsuit (the “Lawsuit”), on behalf of herself and other similarly situated stockholders in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the Company seeking declaratory judgment that certain provisions of the Stockholders Agreement between the Company and the Pre-IPO LLC Members are invalid and unenforceable as a matter of Delaware law. On May 28, 2024, the Court of Chancery issued an opinion (the “Chancery Court Opinion”) that certain provisions of the Stockholders Agreement granting approval rights related to amending the Company’s certificate of incorporation and making significant decisions relating to the Company’s senior management, are facially invalid, void, and unenforceable under Delaware law. An implementing order, presently in effect, was entered on June 20, 2024. The Chancery Court Opinion also held that a severability provision in the Stockholders Agreement allows the Pre-IPO LLC Members to demand a “suitable and equitable substitute” for the approval rights that were deemed invalid. A final order has not yet been entered in the Lawsuit and the time for taking an appeal has not yet run. Management is unable at this time to estimate the potential loss or range of loss from the ultimate disposition of this matter.

14. Segment Information

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company’s FounderShield Partner moved from the Underwriting, Capacity & Technology Solutions Operating Group to the Insurance Advisory Solutions Operating Group. Prior year segment reporting information within this note has been recast to conform to the current organizational structure.

Baldwin’s business is divided into three Operating Groups: Insurance Advisory Solutions, Underwriting, Capacity & Technology Solutions and Mainstreet Insurance Solutions.

•The Insurance Advisory Solutions (“IAS”) Operating Group provides expertly-designed commercial risk management, employee benefits and private risk management solutions for businesses and high-net-worth individuals, as well as their families, through its national footprint, which has assimilated some of the highest quality independent insurance brokers in the country with vast and varied strategic capabilities and expertise.

•The Underwriting, Capacity & Technology Solutions (“UCTS”) Operating Group consists of two distinct businesses—its MGA of the Future platform and its newly launched reinsurance brokerage business, Juniper Re. Through its MGA of the Future platform, the Company manufactures proprietary, technology-enabled insurance products that are then distributed (in many instances via technology and/or API integrations) internally via Risk Advisors across its other Operating Groups and externally via select distribution partners, with a focus on sheltered channels where its products deliver speed, ease of use and certainty of execution, an example of which is the national embedded renters insurance product sold at point of lease via integrations with property management software providers. UCTS’ Wholesale Business was sold in the first quarter of 2024 and its operations are included in UCTS’ results through February 29, 2024.

•The Mainstreet Insurance Solutions (“MIS”) Operating Group offers personal insurance, commercial insurance and life and health solutions to individuals and businesses in their communities, with a focus on accessing Clients via sheltered distribution channels, which include, but are not limited to, new home builders, realtors, mortgage originators/lenders, master planned communities, and various other community centers of influence. The MIS Operating Group also offers consultation for government assistance programs and solutions, including traditional Medicare, Medicare Advantage and Affordable Care Act, to seniors and eligible individuals through a network of primarily independent contractor agents.

In all its Operating Groups, the Company generates commissions from insurance placement under both agency bill and direct bill arrangements, and profit-sharing income based on either the underlying book of business or performance, such as loss ratios. All Operating Groups also generate other ancillary income and premium financing income.

In the IAS and UCTS Operating Groups, the Company generates fees from service fee and consulting arrangements. Service fee arrangements are in place with certain Clients for providing insurance placement services.

In the UCTS Operating Group, the Company generates fees from policy fee and installment fee arrangements. Policy fee revenue is earned for acting in the capacity of an MGA and providing payment processing services and other administrative functions on behalf of Insurance Company Partners.

In the MIS Operating Group, the Company generates commissions and fees from marketing income, which is earned through co-branded Medicare marketing campaigns with the Company’s Insurance Company Partners.

In addition, the Company generates investment income in the IAS and UCTS Operating Groups and the Corporate and Other non-reportable segment (“Corporate and Other”).

The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the chief executive officer, uses net income (loss) and net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and one-time transactional-related expenses or non-recurring items to manage resources and make decisions about the business.

Summarized financial information regarding the Company’s Operating Groups is shown in the following tables. Corporate and Other includes any expenses not allocated to the Operating Groups and corporate-related items, including interest expense. Intersegment revenue and expenses are eliminated through Corporate and Other. Service center expenses and other overhead are allocated to the Company’s Operating Groups based on either revenue or headcount as applicable to each expense.

The Company changed its measure of Operating Group profitability during the six months ended June 30, 2024. In previous years, compensation expense relating to the Company’s growth services Colleagues was primarily recognized in Corporate and Other. During 2024, the Company began allocating growth services Colleague compensation amongst the respective Operating Groups. This change in measurement resulted in an increase to commissions, employee compensation and benefits expense in each of the Operating Groups and a decrease in Corporate and Other.

(1)During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the UCTS Operating Group recorded commissions and fees shared within the same Operating Group of $3.8 million and $6.7 million, respectively; the UCTS Operating Group recorded commissions and fees passed through to other Operating Groups of $14.3 million and $28.4 million, respectively; and the MIS Operating Group recorded commissions and fees shared within the same Operating Group of $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Commissions and fees shared within the same Operating Group and passed through to other Operating Groups are eliminated through Corporate and Other.

(2) During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the UCTS Operating Group recorded commissions and fees shared within the same Operating Group of $4.0 million and $5.3 million, respectively; the UCTS Operating Group recorded commissions and fees passed through to other Operating Groups of $12.5 million and $23.8 million, respectively; and the MIS Operating Group recorded commissions and fees shared within the same Operating Group of $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Commissions and fees shared within the same Operating Group and passed through to other Operating Groups are eliminated through Corporate and Other.