Envista Holdings Corp

NOTE 1. BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Business Overview

The Company provides products that are used to diagnose, treat and prevent disease and ailments of the teeth, gums and supporting bone, as well as to improve the aesthetics of the human smile. The Company is a worldwide provider of a broad range of dental implants, orthodontic appliances, diagnostic solutions, general dental consumable products, equipment and services and is dedicated to driving technological innovations that help dental professionals improve clinical outcomes and enhance productivity.

The Company operates intwo business segments: Specialty Products & Technologies and Equipment & Consumables.

The Company’s Specialty Products & Technologies segment primarily develops, manufactures and markets dental implant systems, including regenerative solutions, dental prosthetics and associated treatment software and technologies, as well as orthodontic bracket systems, aligners and lab products. The Company’s Equipment & Consumables segment primarily develops, manufactures and markets dental equipment and supplies used in dental offices, including digital imaging systems, software and other visualization/magnification systems; endodontic systems and related consumable products; and restorative materials and instruments, rotary burs, impression materials, bonding agents and cements and infection prevention products.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").

As discussed in Note 3, Discontinued Operations, the Company reclassified certain amounts to discontinued operations associated with the final transfer of assets in 2022 related to its 2021 sale of the KaVo dental treatment unit and instrument business (the "KaVo Treatment Unit and Instrument Business"). All segment information and descriptions for the year ended December 31, 2022 exclude the KaVo Treatment Unit and Instrument Business which was part of the Company’s Equipment & Consumables segment.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Accounting Principles

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect the Company’s revenue recognition for multiple performance obligation arrangements, valuations, purchase price allocations and contingent consideration related to business combinations, expected future cash flows including growth rates, discount rates, and other assumptions and estimates used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets and goodwill, estimated fair values of intangible assets and goodwill, amortization methods and periods, accounts receivable reserves, inventory excess and obsolescence reserves, warranty reserves, certain accrued expenses, restructuring and other related charges, contingent liabilities, tax reserves, deferred tax rates and recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances, and stock-based compensation.

The Company bases these estimates on historical experience, the current economic environment and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, uncertainties associated with these estimates exist and actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

Acquisitions

The Company continually evaluates potential acquisitions that either strategically fit with the Company’s existing portfolio or expand the Company’s portfolio into new and attractive business areas. Among other things, goodwill arises because the purchase prices for these businesses reflect a number of factors including the future earnings and cash flow potential of these businesses, the multiple to earnings, cash flow and other factors at which similar businesses have been purchased by other acquirers, the competitive nature of the processes by which the Company acquired the businesses, avoidance of the time and costs which would be required (and the associated risks that would be encountered) to enhance the Company’s existing product offerings to key target markets and enter into new and profitable businesses and the complementary strategic fit and resulting synergies these businesses bring to existing operations.

We account for acquisitions under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 Business Combinationsand use the acquisition method of accounting. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary comprises (i) fair values of the assets transferred; (ii) liabilities assumed of the acquired business; and (iii) fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with limited exceptions, measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date.

The Company makes an initial allocation of the purchase price at the date of acquisition based upon its estimation of the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. The Company obtains the information used to estimate the fair values during due diligence and through other sources. In the months after closing, up to 12 months, as the Company obtains additional information that existed at the acquisition date about these assets and liabilities, it is able to refine the estimates of fair value and more accurately allocate the purchase price. Only items that existed as of the acquisition date are considered for subsequent adjustment. The Company makes the appropriate adjustments to the purchase price allocation prior to completion of the measurement period, as required.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Credit Losses

All trade accounts receivable are reported on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets adjusted for any write-offs and net of allowances for credit losses. The allowances for credit losses represent management’s best estimate of the credit losses expected from the Company’s trade accounts receivable portfolio. Determination of the allowances requires management to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the provision for credit losses and, therefore, net income. The Company regularly performs detailed reviews of its portfolios to determine if an impairment has occurred and evaluates the collectability of receivables based on a combination of various financial and qualitative factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay, including customers’ financial condition, debt-servicing ability, past payment experience and credit bureau information and forecasts. In circumstances where the Company is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific reserve is recorded against amounts due to reduce the recognized receivable to the amount reasonably expected to be collected.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories include the costs of material, labor and overhead. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value primarily using the first-in, first-out method. Market value for raw materials is based on replacement costs and for other inventory classifications is based on net realizable value. The Company periodically evaluates the quantities on hand relative to current and historical selling prices and historical and projected sales volume. Based on this evaluation, provisions are made to write inventory down to its net realizable value.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. The provision for depreciation has been computed principally by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets as follows:

Estimated useful lives are periodically reviewed and, when appropriate, changes to estimates are made prospectively.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and evaluates each lease agreement to determine whether the lease is an operating or finance lease. For leases where the Company is the lessee, right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU asset also consists of any prepaid lease payments, lease incentives received, costs which will be incurred in exiting a lease and the amount of any asset or liability recognized on business combinations relating to favorable or unfavorable lease terms. The lease terms used to calculate the ROU asset and related lease liability include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense using the accelerated interest method of recognition. In certain of the Company’s lease agreements, the rental payments are adjusted periodically to reflect actual charges incurred for common area maintenance, utilities, inflation and/or changes in other indexes.

Investments

Investments over which the Company has a significant influence but not a controlling interest, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting which requires the Company to record its initial investment at cost and adjust the balance each period for the Company’s share of the investee’s income or loss and dividends paid. For investments which do not qualify for the equity method and do not have readily determinable fair values, the Company uses the measurement alternative method which requires it to record these investments at cost, and remeasure to fair value upon observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer, or upon impairment. Investments are recorded as Other long-term assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and as a component of Investing Activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. No significant realized or unrealized gains or losses were recorded during the three years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 with respect to these investments.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, investments in a rabbi trust, contingent consideration, derivatives, trade accounts payable and long-term debt. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying values for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable approximate fair value. Refer to Note 12 for the fair values of the Company’s other financial instruments.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets result from the Company’s acquisition of existing businesses. In accordance with accounting standards related to business combinations, goodwill is not amortized; however, certain finite-lived identifiable intangible assets, primarily customer relationships and acquired technology, are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually on the first day of the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount or performs a quantitative test. When tested quantitatively, the Company may use a combination of techniques adjusted for current period facts and circumstances, including an income approach and a market-based approach, to determine whether the fair value of each reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount. Similarly, the Company performs its impairment test of indefinite-lived intangibles by using the relief from royalty method to determine whether the fair value of the underlying asset is greater than its carrying amount. If the carrying value of a reporting unit or an underlying indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its respective fair value, an impairment charge is recognized. In making these assessments, management relies on a number of factors, including business trends, business plans, economic projections, expected future operating results and cash flow, and the Company’s market capitalization. The Company’s reporting units are the financial components of operating segments which constitute businesses for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by segment management. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments of $960.5 million and $101.1 million, respectively. Additionally, the Company recognized goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments of $212.3 million and $46.0 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023 andno impairment charge for goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2022. Additional information related to the testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment, including results of the 2023 and 2024 annual impairment tests, are provided in Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.

Additionally, management reviews the carrying amounts of other finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment indicators include, among other conditions, cash flow deficits, historic or anticipated declines in revenue or operating profit, and adverse legal or regulatory developments. If it is determined that such indicators are present and the review indicates that the assets will not be fully recoverable based on undiscounted estimated cash flows, their carrying values are reduced to estimated fair market value. Estimated fair market value is determined primarily using projected cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. For the purposes of identifying and measuring impairment, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized animpairment charge of $92.2 million for finite-lived intangible assets andno impairment charge for finite-lived intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily from the sale of Specialty Products & Technologies and Equipment & Consumables products and services. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services (the transaction price). A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer and is the unit of account under ASC 606. For equipment, consumable products and spare parts sold by the Company, control transfers to the customer at a point in time. To indicate the transfer of control, the Company must have a present right to payment, legal title must have passed to the customer, the customer must have the significant risks and rewards of ownership, and where acceptance is not a formality, the customer must have accepted the product or service. The Company’s principal terms of sale are FOB Shipping Point, or equivalent, and, as such, the Company primarily transfers control and records revenue for product sales upon shipment. Sales arrangements with delivery terms that are not FOB Shipping Point are not recognized upon shipment and the transfer of control for revenue recognition is evaluated based on the associated shipping terms and customer obligations. If a performance obligation to the customer with respect to a sales transaction remains to be fulfilled following shipment (typically installation or acceptance by the customer), revenue recognition for that performance obligation is deferred until such commitments have been fulfilled. Returns for products sold are estimated and recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of sale. Customer allowances and rebates, consisting primarily of volume discounts and other short-term incentive programs, are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of sale because these allowances reflect a reduction in the transaction price. Product returns, customer allowances and rebates are estimated based on historical experience and known trends. For extended warranty and service, control transfers to the customer over the term of the arrangement. Revenue for extended warranty and service is recognized based upon the period of time elapsed under the arrangement.

For a contract with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis using the Company’s best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct product or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the price observed in standalone sales to customers; however, when prices in standalone sales are not available the Company may use third-party pricing for similar products or services or estimate the standalone selling price. Allocation of the transaction price is determined at the contracts’ inception. The Company does not adjust transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and payment for that good or service by the customer is expected to be one year or less.

Additionally, the Company continually reviews and updates its usage rate, which is the number of times a clear aligner customer is expected to order additional aligners after the initial aligner shipment, along with other related assumptions associated with its clear aligner treatment plan contracts. Changes to standalone sales price, usage rates and related assumptions may impact the pattern of revenue recognition for future treatment plans. The process of estimating the usage rate requires judgment and evaluation of inputs, including historical usage data in order to predict future usage patterns.

Shipping and Handling

Shipping and handling costs are considered a fulfillment cost and are included as a component of cost of sales. Revenue derived from shipping and handling costs billed to customers is included in sales.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and Development

The Company conducts research and development activities for the purpose of developing new products, enhancing the functionality, effectiveness, ease of use and reliability of the Company’s existing products and expanding the applications for which uses of the Company’s products are appropriate. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in the Company’s tax return in future years for which the tax benefit has already been reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company establishes valuation allowances for its deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent items that have already been taken as a deduction on the Company’s tax return but have not yet been recognized as an expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides for unrecognized tax benefits when, based upon the technical merits, it is “more likely than not” that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination. Judgment is required in evaluating tax positions and determining income tax provisions. The Company re-evaluates the technical merits of its tax positions and may recognize an uncertain tax benefit in certain circumstances, including when: (1) a tax audit is completed; (2) applicable tax laws change, including a tax case ruling or legislative guidance; or (3) the applicable statute of limitations expires. The Company recognizes potential accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense.

Restructuring

The Company periodically initiates restructuring activities to appropriately position the Company’s cost base relative to prevailing economic conditions and associated customer demand as well as in connection with certain acquisitions. Costs associated with productivity improvement and restructuring actions can include termination benefits and related charges in addition to facility closure, contract termination and other related activities. The Company records the cost of the restructuring activities when impairment is identified or when the associated liability is incurred. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.

Foreign Currency Translation

Exchange rate adjustments resulting from foreign currency transactions are recognized in net income, whereas effects resulting from the translation of financial statements are reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within equity. Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside the United States with a functional currency other than U.S. dollars are translated into U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates and income statement accounts are translated at weighted average rates. Net foreign currency transaction gains or losses were not material in any of the years presented.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company is neither a dealer nor a trader in derivative instruments. The Company has generally accepted the exposure to transactional exchange rate movements without using derivative instruments to manage this risk, although the Company from time to time partially hedges its net investments in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates through foreign currency-denominated debt and cross-currency swaps. The Company may at times also enter into interest rate swaps to mitigate a portion of its interest rate risk related to the Company’s debt. The derivative instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. To the extent the interest rate swap qualifies as an effective hedge, changes in fair value are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss within equity. Changes in the value of the foreign currency denominated debt and cross-currency swaps designated as hedges of the Company’s net investment in foreign operations are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss within equity and offset changes in the value of the Company’s foreign currency denominated operations. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on derivative financial instruments.

Loss Contingencies

The Company records a reserve for loss contingencies when it is both probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. The Company evaluates pending litigation and other contingencies at least quarterly and adjusts the reserve for such contingencies for changes in probable and reasonably estimable losses.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Foreign currency translation adjustments are generally not adjusted for income taxes as they relate to indefinite investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. Foreign currency translation adjustments related to the Company’s cross-currency swap arrangements and foreign currency denominated debt that are designated as net investment hedges are adjusted for income taxes as those arrangements are not indefinite. Changes in the funded status of the pension plans, net of taxes, are recognized in the year in which the changes occur and reported in other comprehensive loss.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation by measuring the cost of employee services received in exchange for all equity awards granted, including stock options, restricted stock units, performance stock options, and performance stock units, based on the fair value of the award as of the grant date. Refer to Note 17 for additional information on the stock-based compensation plan in which certain employees of the Company participate.

Pension Plans

The Company measures its pension assets and obligations that determine the funded status as of the end of the Company’s fiscal year, and recognizes an asset for an over funded status or a liability for an underfunded status in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the funded status of the pension plans are recognized in the year in which the changes occur and reported in other comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 13 for additional information on the Company’s pension plans including a discussion of the actuarial assumptions, the Company’s policy for recognizing the associated gains and losses and the method used to estimate service and interest cost components.

Deferred Compensation Plan

Certain management employees of the Company participate in nonqualified deferred compensation programs that permit such employees to defer a portion of their compensation, on a pretax basis. The obligations are presented as a component of the Company’s compensation and benefits accrual included in accrued expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Participants may choose among alternative earnings rates for the amounts they defer, which are based on the programs’ investment options. Changes in the deferred compensation liability under these programs are recognized based on changes in the fair value of the participants’ accounts. Amounts voluntarily deferred by employees into the Company stock fund and amounts contributed to participant accounts by the Company are deemed invested in the Company’s common stock and future distributions of such contributions will be made solely in shares of Company common stock, and therefore are not reflected in the plan obligations.

As a nonqualified deferred compensation plan, funding of the obligation is not required, however during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company funded the plan obligations through a Company established irrevocable rabbi trust. The assets held in the irrevocable rabbi trust consist primarily of mutual funds, which are measured at fair value, and corporate owned life insurance policies which have cash surrender values (which approximate fair value), and are intended to align with the deferred compensation obligation investment options selected by plan participants.

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07,“Segment Reporting - Improving Reportable Segment Disclosures” (Topic 280). The update is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. The ASU requires disclosures to include significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and any additional measures of a segment's profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim reporting periods after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this guidance on December 31, 2024 and updated its disclosures to conform to this new segment disclosure requirement.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06,“Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 – 40),” which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective adoption approach. The cumulative effect of the change was recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of adoption and resulted in a $75.0 million increase to the carrying value of the convertible notes due 2025, a decrease to additional paid-in capital of $77.8 million, a $21.4 million increase to retained earnings and an $18.6 million decrease to the related net deferred tax liability.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, “Debt– Debt with Conversion and Other Options, (subtopic 470-20).” The update is intended to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20 for (a) convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features and (b) debt instruments that are not currently convertible. ASU 2024-04 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted for all entities that have adopted the amendments in Update ASU 2020-06. The Company has not yet completed its assessment of the impact of ASU 2024-04 on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,“Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, (subtopic 220-40).”The update requires the disclosure of specific information related to certain costs and expenses, including amounts for inventory purchases, employee compensation, and depreciation and amortization included in each relevant expense caption presented on the face of the income statement. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet completed its assessment of the impact of ASU 2024-03 on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The update requires a public business entity to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. Adoption of the ASU allows for either the prospective or retrospective application of the amendment and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet completed its assessment of the impact of ASU 2023-09 on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On December 31, 2021, the Company sold substantially all of the KaVo Treatment Unit and Instrument Business (the “Divestiture”) to planmeca Verwaltungs Gmbh, Germany (“Planmeca”), pursuant to the master sale and purchase agreement among the Company, Planmeca, and Planmeca Oy. However, the final transfer of assets in certain countries was not executed and closed until 2022. Therefore the results of the Divestiture are presented as discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, with the exception of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows which include the financial results of the KaVo Treatment Unit and Instrument Business for the year ended December 31, 2022. There are no discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The operating results of the Divestiture are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within income from discontinued operations, net of tax as follows ($ in millions):

NOTE 4. CREDIT LOSSES

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account deducted from accounts receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an accounts receivable balance is confirmed.

Management estimates the adequacy of the allowance by using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for estimation of expected credit losses and is adjusted as necessary using the relevant information available. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identifiedone portfolio segment based on the following risk characteristics: geographic regions, product lines, default rates and customer specific factors.

The factors used by management in its credit loss analysis are inherently subject to uncertainty. If actual results are not consistent with management’s estimates and assumptions, the allowance for credit losses may be overstated or understated and a charge or credit to net income (loss) may be required.

The rollforward of the allowance for credit losses is summarized as follows ($ in millions):

NOTE 5. INVENTORIES

The classes of inventory as of December 31 are summarized as follows ($ in millions):

NOTE 6. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The classes of property, plant and equipment as of December 31 are summarized as follows ($ in millions):

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized fixed asset impairment charges of $13.0 million for certain assets included in machinery, equipment and other assets and construction in progress related to its Specialty Products & Technologies segment. The fixed asset impairment charge is recorded as a component ofcost of sales within the Consolidated Statement of Operations. There wereno fixed asset impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

NOTE 7. EQUITY SECURITY INVESTMENTS USING THE MEASUREMENT ALTERNATIVE METHOD

The summary below represents the Company’s equity security investments using the measurement alternative method that do not have readily determinable fair values and as of December 31 are summarized as follows ($ in millions):

The Company records net realized and unrealized gains (losses) for the above security investments in other income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net unrealized gains (losses) are summarized as follows ($ in millions):

NOTE 8. LEASES

The Company has operating leases for office space, warehouses, distribution centers, research and development and manufacturing facilities, equipment and vehicles. Many leases include one or more options to renew, some of which include options to extend the lease for up to 20 years and some leases include options to terminate the lease within 30 days. The Company regularly evaluates the renewal options and, when the options are reasonably certain of being exercised, they are included in the lease term. In certain of the Company’s lease agreements, the rental payments are adjusted periodically to reflect actual charges incurred for common area maintenance, utilities, inflation and/or changes in other indexes. The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components for leases of all asset classes where the Company is the lessee. At inception, the Company determines whether an agreement represents a lease and, at commencement, evaluates each lease agreement to determine whether the lease is an operating or finance lease.

Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance, and common area or other maintenance costs for leased facilities and vehicles, which are paid based on actual costs incurred.

The components of operating lease expense for the years ended December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

(a)Includes short-term leases and sublease income, both of which were not significant.

The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rates related to the Company’s operating leases as of December 31:

The following table presents the maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 ($ in millions):

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no additional significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

NOTE 9. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company assesses both goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. As of June 28, 2024 and prior to its annual impairment test, the Company identified indicators of a "more likely than not" impairment related to its various reporting units within the Specialty Products & Technologies and Equipment & Consumables segments.

As part of its June 28, 2024 evaluation, the Company used the income approach in performing a goodwill impairment test in order to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value amount. The income approach uses a discounted cash flow model with inputs developed using both internal and market-based data. The Company's significant assumptions in the discounted cash flow models vary amongst, and are specific to, each reporting unit which include, but are not limited to, discount rates, revenue growth rates assumptions (including perpetual growth rates) and operating margin assumptions. These assumptions were developed in light of current market conditions and future expectations which include, but were not limited to, impact of competition, new product development and future economic conditions. As a result of this impairment test, the Company recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $960.5 million during the second quarter of 2024, with $707.8 million related to its Specialty Products & Technologies segment and $252.7 million related to its Equipment & Consumables segment. The reduction in value was primarily due to adverse macroeconomic factors such as, higher cost of borrowing and inflationary pressures, geopolitical factors, and weakened global demand which contributed to reduced expectations of future cash flows and a sustained suppressed stock price.

As part of its June 28, 2024 assessment, the Company also reviewed its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment and used the relief from royalty method to estimate the fair value of such assets. The Company's significant assumptions vary amongst, and are specific to, each underlying indefinite-lived intangible asset which include, but are not limited to, revenue growth rates assumptions (including perpetual growth rates), discount rates and royalty rates. As a result of this impairment test, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $101.1 million related to certain indefinite-lived trade names within the Specialty Products & Technologies segment during the second quarter of 2024. The reduction in value was primarily due to a reduction in projected cash flows due to the factors discussed above.

For both goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets the Company performed its 2024 annual test of impairment on the first day of the fourth quarter. Based on this assessment, the Company’s analysis indicated that the fair value of its reporting units exceeded its carrying values and consequently did not result in a further impairment charge. However, any deviation in future actual financial results compared to the forecasted financial results or valuation assumptions used in the impairment tests, a decline in equity valuations, increases in interest rates, or changes in the use of intangible assets, among other factors, could have a material adverse effect on the fair value of either the reporting units or indefinite-lived intangible assets and could result in future impairment charges. There can be no assurance that the Company’s future asset impairment testing will not result in a material charge to earnings.

The Company also recorded impairment charges as a result of the Company’s annual impairment test during the year ended 2023, whereby the Company recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $212.3 million, with $134.5 million related to its Specialty Products & Technologies segment and $77.8 million related to its Equipment & Consumables segment, and a $46.0 million indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment related to certain indefinite-lived trade names within the Specialty Products & Technologies segment.

There were no goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charges recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The impairment charges described above are recorded in the Goodwill and intangible asset impairment line within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following is a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill by segment ($ in millions):

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the shorter of their legal or estimated useful life. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $92.2 million related to developed technology and customer relationships within the Equipment & Consumables segment. The reduction in value was primarily due to a reduction in projected cash flows due to the factors discussed above. There were no finite-lived intangible assets impairment charges recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following summarizes the gross carrying value, accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, for each major category of intangible asset ($ in millions):

Total intangible amortization expense in 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $82.3 million, $99.6 million and $106.0 million, respectively. Based on the intangible assets recorded as of December 31, 2024, amortization expense is estimated as follows for the next five years and thereafter ($ in millions):

NOTE 10. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other liabilities as of December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

NOTE 11. HEDGING TRANSACTIONS AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company uses cross-currency swap derivative contracts to partially hedge its net investments in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the euro. The cross-currency swap derivative contracts are agreements to exchange fixed-rate payments in one currency for fixed-rate payments in another currency. On January 17, 2023, the Company entered into atwo-year cross-currency swap derivative contract, with a notional value of $150.0 million. This contract effectively converts a portion of the Company’s U.S. dollar denominated senior term loan facilities to obligations denominated in euros and partially offsets the impact of changes in currency rates on foreign currency denominated net investments. On December 23, 2024, this cross-currency swap derivative contract was extended for an additional three years and will mature on January 17, 2028.

The Company also has foreign currency denominated long-term debt consisting of a senior euro term loan facility. The senior euro term loan facility represents a partial hedge of the Company’s net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the euro. The senior euro term loan facility is designated and qualifies as a non-derivative hedging instrument.

Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of the Company’s debt and credit facilities.

The change in the fair value of the cross-currency swap instrument and the foreign currency translation of the senior euro term loan facilities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, partially offsetting the foreign currency translation adjustment of the Company’s related net investment that is also recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as reflected in Note 18.

The Company has also historically used interest rate swap derivative contracts to reduce its variability of cash flows related to interest payments with respect to its senior term and senior euro term loan facilities. The interest rate swap contracts exchanged interest payments based on variable rates for interest payments based on fixed rates. The changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss (see Note 18). The interest income or expense from the cross-currency and interest rate swaps is recorded in interest expense, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations consistent with the classification of interest expense attributable to the underlying debt. The Company did not have any outstanding interest rate swap contracts as of December 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes the notional values as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and pretax impact of changes in the fair values of instruments designated as net investment and cash flow hedges in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“OCI”) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in millions):

The Company didnot reclassify any deferred gains or losses related to its net investment hedge from accumulated other comprehensive loss to income during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. In addition, the Company did not have any ineffectiveness related to its net investment hedge and therefore didnot reclassify any portion of the above net investment hedge from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The cash inflows and outflows associated with the Company’s derivative contract designated as a net investment hedge is classified in investing activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The Company’s derivative instrument, as well as its non-derivative debt instrument designated and qualifying as net investment hedges, were classified as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows ($ in millions):

Amounts related to the Company’s derivative expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income during the next 12 months are not significant.

NOTE 12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Accounting standards define fair value based on an exit price model, establish a framework for measuring fair value where the Company’s assets and liabilities are required to be carried at fair value and provide for certain disclosures related to the valuation methods used within a valuation hierarchy as established within the accounting standards. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, or other observable characteristics for the asset or liability, including interest rates, yield curves and credit risks, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data through correlation; and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

A summary of financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows ($ in millions):

Derivative Instruments

The cross-currency swap derivative contract was classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as it is measured using the income approach with the relevant foreign currency current exchange rates and forward curves as inputs. Refer to Note 11 for additional information.

Deferred Compensation Plans

Deferred compensation obligations are classified as Level 2 inputs and are derived principally from, or corroborated by observable market data.

The deferred compensation obligations are funded through a Company established irrevocable rabbi trust, which holds investments that primarily consist of mutual funds and corporate owned life insurance policies. The mutual funds are valued based on quoted market prices and therefore are classified as Level 1. The corporate owned life insurance policies have cash surrender values (which approximate fair value), that derive their values from investments in mutual funds that are managed by an insurance company, valued using a market approach and therefore are classified within Level 2. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

Contingent Consideration

Contingent consideration represents a cash hold back intended to be used for certain liabilities related to the Company’s acquisitions. Contingent consideration was classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as the estimated fair value was measured using a probability weighted discounted cash flow model.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments for the years ended December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

The fair value of long-term debt approximates the carrying value as these borrowings are based on variable market rates. The fair value of the convertible senior notes due 2028 and convertible senior notes due 2025 were determined based on the quoted bid price of the convertible senior notes in an over-the-counter market on December 31, 2024 and 2023. The convertible senior notes are considered as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, which consist primarily of money market funds, time and demand deposits, trade accounts receivables and trade accounts payable approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Refer to Note 13 for information related to the fair value of the Company sponsored defined benefit pension plan assets.

NOTE 13. PENSION AND OTHER BENEFIT PLANS

Certain of the Company’s employees participate in defined benefit pension plans and under certain of these plans, benefit accruals continue. In general, the Company’s policy is to fund these plans based on considerations relating to legal requirements, underlying asset returns, the plan’s funded status, the anticipated deductibility of the contribution, local practices, market conditions, interest rates and other factors.

The following sets forth the funded status of the Company’s plans as of the most recent actuarial valuations using measurement dates of December 31 ($ in millions):

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at date of measurement:

Components of net periodic pension cost:

The following table represents the service cost and other net periodic benefit costs of the defined benefit pension plans incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 ($ in millions):

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost at date of measurement:

The discount rate reflects the market rate on December 31 of the prior year for high-quality fixed-income investments with maturities corresponding to the Company’s benefit obligations and is subject to change each year. The rates appropriate for each plan are determined based on investment grade instruments with maturities approximately equal to the average expected benefit payout under the plan. The Company periodically updates the mortality assumptions used to estimate the projected benefit obligation.

Included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2024 are the following amounts that have not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost: unrecognized prior service credits of $1.7 million ($1.2 million, net of tax) and unrecognized actuarial gain of $3.8 million ($2.7 million, net of tax). The unrecognized actuarial gain and prior service credits, net, are calculated as the difference between the actuarially determined projected benefit obligation and the value of the plan assets less accrued pension costs as of December 31, 2024. The amounts included in accumulated comprehensive loss expected to be recognized in net periodic pension costs during the year ending December 31, 2025 is a prior service credit of $0.4 million ($0.3 million, net of tax) and an actuarial gain of $0.2 million ($0.1 million, net of tax), respectively.

Selection of Expected Rate of Return on Assets

The expected rate of return reflects the asset allocation of the plans and is based primarily on contractual earnings rates included in existing insurance contracts as well as on broad, publicly-traded equity and fixed-income indices and forward-looking estimates of active portfolio and investment management. Long-term rate of return on asset assumptions for the plans were determined on a plan-by-plan basis based on the composition of assets and ranged from 3.5% to 4.1% for both 2024 and 2023, with a weighted average rate of return assumption of 3.9% for both 2024 and 2023.

Plan Assets

Plan assets are invested in various insurance contracts, equity and debt securities as determined by the administrator of each plan.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had some investments that were valued using Net Asset Value (“NAV”) as a practical expedient. In addition, some of the investments valued using NAV may only allow redemption monthly, quarterly, semiannually or annually and require up to 90 days prior written notice. These investments valued using NAV primarily consist of mutual funds which allow the Company to diversify the portfolio.

The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets as of December 31, 2024, by asset category, were as follows ($ in millions):

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2024 ($ in millions):

The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets as of December 31, 2023, by asset category, were as follows ($ in millions):

(a)The fair value amounts presented in the table above are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets.

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions):

Insurance contracts are valued at carrying value, which approximates fair value, and are calculated using the prior-year balance plus or minus investment returns and changes in cash flows. Mutual funds are valued using the NAV based on the information provided by the asset fund managers, which reflects the plan’s share of the fair value of the net assets of the investment.

The methods described above may produce a fair value estimate that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes the valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with the methods used by other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

Expected Contributions

During 2024, the Company contributed $5.1 million to its defined benefit pension plans. During 2025, the Company’s cash contribution requirements for its defined benefit pension plans are expected to be approximately $5.5 million.

The following sets forth benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, at December 31, 2024, are expected to be paid by the plans in the periods indicated ($ in millions):

Other Matters

U.S. employees not covered by defined benefit plans are generally covered by defined contribution plans, which provide for Company funding based on a percentage of compensation. The Company provides eligible employees the opportunity to participate in defined contribution savings plans (commonly known as 401(k) plans). Employees may contribute to various investment alternatives. In most of these plans, the Company matches a portion of the employees’ contributions. The Company’s contributions to these plans amounted to $19.8 million, $12.1 million and $19.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

A limited number of the Company’s subsidiaries, primarily outside of the United States, participate in multiemployer defined benefit plans that require the Company to periodically contribute funds to the plan. Multi-employer pension plans are designed to cover employees from multiple employers. These plans allow multiple employers to pool their pension resources and realize efficiencies associated with the daily administration of the plan. The risks of participating in a multiemployer plan differ from the risks of participating in a single-employer plan in the following respects: (1) assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers, (2) if a participating employer ceases contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be required to be borne by the remaining participating employers and (3) if the Company elects to stop participating in the plan, the Company may be required to pay the plan an amount based on the unfunded status of the plan.

The Company’s expense (income) for multiemployer pension plans totaled $1.0 million, $(0.3) million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 14. WARRANTY

The Company generally accrues estimated warranty costs at the time of sale. In general, manufactured products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship when properly used for their intended purpose, installed correctly and appropriately maintained. Warranty periods depend on the nature of the product and range from 90 days up to the life of the product. The amount of the accrued warranty liability is determined based on historical information such as past experience, product failure rates or number of units repaired, estimated cost of material and labor and in certain instances estimated property damage. The accrued warranty liability is reviewed on a quarterly basis and may be adjusted as additional information regarding expected warranty costs becomes known. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the warranty liability was $8.4 million and $9.0 million, respectively.

NOTE 15. LITIGATION AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company records accruals for loss contingencies associated with legal matters when it is probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a loss does not meet the known or probable level but is reasonably possible, it is disclosed if deemed material and if such loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed. The Company’s reserves consist of specific reserves for individual claims and additional amounts for anticipated developments of these claims as well as for incurred but not yet reported claims. The specific reserves for individual known claims are quantified with the assistance of legal counsel and outside risk professionals where appropriate. In addition, outside risk professionals assist in the determination of reserves for certain incurred but not yet reported claims through evaluation of the Company’s specific loss history, actual claims reported and industry trends among statistical and other factors. The Company has determined that the liabilities associated with certain litigation matters are probable and can be reasonably estimated and has accrued $32.4 million and $38.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has accrued for these matters and will continue to monitor each related legal issue and adjust accruals as might be warranted based on new information and further developments in accordance with ASC 450-20-25. Amounts accrued for legal contingencies often result from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties that rely heavily on estimates and assumptions including timing of related payments. The ability to make such estimates and judgments can be affected by various factors including, among other things, whether damages sought in the proceedings are unsubstantiated or indeterminate; legal discovery has not commenced or is not complete; proceedings are in early stages; matters present legal uncertainties; there are significant facts in dispute; procedural or jurisdictional issues; the uncertainty and unpredictability of the number of potential claims; or there are numerous parties involved. To the extent adverse verdicts have been rendered against the Company, the Company does not record an accrual until a loss is determined to be probable and can be reasonably estimated. In the Company's opinion, based on its examination of these matters, its experience to date and discussions with counsel, the ultimate outcome of legal proceedings, net of liabilities accrued in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position. However, the resolution of or increase in accruals for, one or more of these matters in any reporting period may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows for that period.

The Company is subject to various environmental laws and regulations both within and outside of the United States. The operations of the Company involve the use of substances regulated under environmental laws, primarily in manufacturing processes. While it is difficult to quantify the potential impact of continuing compliance with environmental protection laws or potential enforcement actions by regulatory agencies, management believes that such compliance or potential enforcement actions will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $12.6 million of guarantees consisting primarily of outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees. These guarantees have been provided in connection with certain arrangements with vendors, customers, insurance providers, financing counterparties and governmental entities to secure the Company’s obligations and/or performance requirements related to specific transactions.

NOTE 16. DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES

The components of the Company’s debt as of December 31, were as follows, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs ($ in millions):

The Company’s contractual minimum principal payments are as follows ($ in millions):

Credit Facilities

On August 31, 2023, the Company entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement (the “Second Amended Credit Agreement”), which amends and restates the Company’s credit agreement dated June 15, 2021. Under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, the Company entered into the 2028 Term Loan for $530.0 million and the 2028 Euro Term Loan for €350.0 million (collectively the “2028 Term Loans”). The Second Amended Credit Agreement also includes a revolving credit facility (together with the 2028 Term Loans, the “Senior Credit Facilities”) with an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $750.0 million and a $30.0 million sublimit for the issuance of standby letters of credit that can be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The Company may request further increases to the revolving credit facility by an amount that is the greater of 100% of Consolidated EBITDA or $525.0 million. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 there wereno borrowings outstanding under this revolving credit facility. The Senior Credit Facilities mature on August 31, 2028, and are subject to an earlier maturity date of 91 days prior to the maturity date of the 2028 Convertible Notes, if more than $250.0 million of such notes are outstanding at that time. The proceeds from the 2028 Term Loans were used to pay outstanding balances of the Term Loans under our prior credit facility. The Company paid fees aggregating approximately $5.2 million in connection with the Second Amended Credit Agreement. The Company repaid $100.0 million of the 2028 Term Loan during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Under the Senior Credit Facilities, borrowings bear interest as follows: (1) Term SOFR Loans (as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement) bear interest at a variable rate on a forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) term rate plus 0.10% credit spread adjustment plus a margin of between 0.910% and 1.625%, depending on the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement) as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter; and (2) Base Rate Loans (as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement) bear interest at a variable rate equal to (a) the highest of (i) the Federal funds rate (as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from time to time) plus 0.50%, (ii) Bank of America’s “prime rate” as publicly announced from time to time, (iii) the Term SOFR (as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement) plus 1.0% and (iv)1.0%, plus a margin of between 0.0% and 0.625%, depending on the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. In no event will Term SOFR Loans or Base Rate Loans bear interest at a rate lower than 0.0%. In addition, the Company is required to pay a per annum facility fee of between 0.09% and 0.225% depending on the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter and based on the aggregate commitments under the revolving credit facility, whether drawn or not.

The interest rates for borrowings under the 2028 Term Loan were 6.08% and 6.70% as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2028 Euro Term Loan were 4.31% and 5.00% as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Interest is payable monthly for the 2028 Term Loans. The Company is required to maintain a Consolidated Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1.00 or less and includes a provision that the maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio will be increased to 4.50 to 1.00 for the three consecutive full fiscal quarters immediately following the consummation of any acquisition by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company in which the purchase price exceeds $100.0 million. The Company is also required to maintain a Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement) of at least 3.00 to 1.00. The Company is subject to customary representations, warranties, conditions precedent, events of default, indemnities and affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that, among other things, limit or restrict the Company’s and/or the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability, subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, to incur liens or indebtedness, merge, consolidate or sell or otherwise transfer assets, make dividends or distributions, enter into transactions with the Company’s affiliates and use proceeds of the debt financing for other than permitted uses. Additionally, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the lenders may declare the outstanding advances and all other obligations immediately due and payable. The Company was in compliance with all of its debt covenants as of December 31, 2024.

2028 Convertible Notes

On August 10, 2023, the Company issued the 2028 Convertible Notes due on August 15, 2028, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The aggregate principal amount, which includes the initial purchasers’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $65.2 million principal amount, was $500.2 million. The net proceeds from the issuance, after deducting purchasers’ discounts and estimated offering expenses, were $485.9 million. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds to pay the cash portion of the consideration in the exchange transaction described below under “2025 Convertible Notes.”

The 2028 Convertible Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The 2028 Convertible Notes have an initial conversion rate of 21.5942 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $46.31 per share of the Company’s common stock and is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The 2028 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated as of August 10, 2023 (the “Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The Indenture does not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, the incurrence of senior debt or other indebtedness or the issuance or repurchase of the Company’s securities by the Company.

The 2028 Convertible Notes are senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2028 Convertible Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Holders of the 2028 Convertible Notes may convert at any time on or after February 15, 2028 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. Holders will also have the right to convert prior to February 15, 2028, but only upon the occurrence of specified events. The Company will settle any convertible note conversions through a combination settlement by satisfying the principal amount outstanding with cash and any convertible note conversion value in excess of the principal amount in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock or any combination thereof. If a fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their 2028 Convertible Notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the maturity date, the Company would increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert in connection with such an event in certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2024, none of the conditions permitting early conversion by holders had been met, therefore, the 2028 Convertible Notes are classified as long-term debt.

The 2028 Convertible Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after August 17, 2026 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. In addition, calling any 2028 Convertible Note for redemption will constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) with respect to that 2028 Convertible Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

The 2028 Convertible Notes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470“Debt”and ASC 815“Derivatives and Hedging.” The Company has evaluated all the embedded conversion options contained in the 2028 Convertible Notes to determine if there are embedded features that require bifurcation as a derivative as required by U.S. GAAP. Based on the Company’s analysis, it accounts for the 2028 Convertible Notes as single units of accounting, a liability, because the Company concluded that the conversion features do not require bifurcation as a derivative.

2025 Convertible Notes

On May 21, 2020, the Company issued the 2025 Convertible Notes due on June 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The aggregate principal amount, which includes the initial purchasers’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $67.5 million principal amount was $517.5 million. The net proceeds from the issuance, after deducting purchasers’ discounts and estimated offering expenses, were $502.6 million. The Company used part of the net proceeds to pay for the capped call transactions (“Capped Calls”) as further described below.

On August 10, 2023, the Company entered into exchange agreements with a limited number of holders of the 2025 Convertible Notes to exchange $401.2 million principal amount of the 2025 Convertible Notes for aggregate consideration which consisted of approximately $403.0 million in cash, which included accrued interest, and approximately 8.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Notes Exchanges”). The Company recognized a non-cash inducement charge of $28.5 million in connection with the Notes Exchanges which was recorded within Other Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, a reduction of $4.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, and an increase in additional paid-in capital of $24.1 million.

The 2025 Convertible Notes accrue interest at a rate of 2.375% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The 2025 Convertible Notes have an initial conversion rate of 47.5862 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $21.01 per share of the Company’s common stock and is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The 2025 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated as of May 21, 2020 (the “2025 Convertible Note Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. The 2025 Convertible Note Indenture does not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, the incurrence of senior debt or other indebtedness or the issuance or repurchase of the Company’s securities by the Company.

The 2025 Convertible Notes are senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2025 Convertible Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Holders may convert at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date. The Company will settle any convertible note conversions through a combination settlement by satisfying the principal amount outstanding with cash and any convertible note conversion value in excess of the principal amount in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock or any combination thereof. If a fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their 2025 Convertible Notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the maturity date, the Company would increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert in connection with such an event in certain circumstances. The 2025 Convertible Notes are classified as short-term debt as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The 2025 Convertible Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amounts to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130.0% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. In addition, calling any 2025 Convertible Note for redemption will constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change”, as defined in the 2025 Convertible Note Indenture, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to convertible notes ($ in millions):

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the debt issuance costs were amortized using an annual effective interest rate of 2.4% and 3.0% for the 2028 Convertible Notes and the 2025 Convertible Notes, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the if-converted value of the 2025 Convertible Notes and the 2028 Convertible Notes did not exceed their respective outstanding principal amounts. As of December 31, 2023, the if-converted value of the 2025 Convertible Notes exceeded the outstanding principal amount by $16.9 million, while the if-converted value of the 2028 Convertible Notes did not exceed the outstanding principal.

Debt Issuance Costs

The remaining unamortized debt issuance costs for debt outstanding were as follows ($ in millions):

The above unamortized debt issuance costs have been netted against their respective aggregate principal amounts of the related debt and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the respective debt.

Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the offering of the 2025 Convertible Notes, the Company entered into Capped Calls with certain counterparties. The Capped Calls have an initial strike price of approximately $21.01 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 Convertible Notes. The Capped Calls have initial cap prices of $23.79 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Capped Calls are generally intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution from shares of common stock issued upon any conversion of the 2025 Convertible Notes with such reduction or offset, as the case may be, subject to a cap based on the cap price. In connection with the Notes Exchanges as discussed above, the Company completed a partial unwind of the Capped Calls.

As the Capped Call transactions are considered indexed to the Company's own stock and are considered equity classified, they are recorded in equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $20.7 million incurred in connection with the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

NOTE 17. STOCK TRANSACTIONS AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Capital Stock

Under the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 500.0 million shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share and 15.0 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. No preferred shares were issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Each share of the Company’s common stock entitles the holder toone vote on all matters to be voted upon by common stockholders. The Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series and has discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock. The Board’s authority to issue preferred stock with voting rights or conversion rights that, if exercised, could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock, could potentially discourage attempts by third parties to obtain control of the Company through certain types of takeover practices.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock activity (shares in millions):

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company adopted the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Stock Plan”) that provides for the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance stock units (‘PSUs”) (collectively, “Stock Awards”), as well as stock options (“Options”) and performance stock options (“PSOs”). A total of 21.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock have been authorized for issuance under the Stock Plan. Under the Stock Plan, stock-based grants are awarded at a price equal to the fair market value at the date of grant based upon the closing price on that date. Options and Stock Awards generally vest over a period ofthree tofive years. Options expireten years after the date of grant.

RSUs issued under the Stock Plan provide for the issuance of a share of the Company’s common stock at no cost to the holder. The RSUs granted to employees provide for time-based vesting, generally over athree tofive-year period. Prior to vesting, RSUs granted under the Stock Plan do not have dividend equivalent rights, do not have voting rights and the shares underlying the RSUs are not considered issued and outstanding. PSUs and PSOs issued under the Stock Plan provide for the issuance of a share, or the right to purchase a share at a designated price, respectively, of the Company’s common stock based on the achievement of various financial performance metric targets and market conditions, which areset at the time of grant.

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation by measuring all RSUs, PSOs, PSUs and Options at fair value as of the grant date. The Company generally recognizes compensation expense net of an estimated forfeiture rate on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (which is generally the vesting period but may be shorter than the vesting period if the employee becomes retirement eligible before the end of the vesting period), except for RSUs compensation expense which is recognized using an accelerated attribution method. The fair value for RSU awards is calculated using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of the Options granted is calculated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model (“Black-Scholes”).

On January 21, 2022, the Company finalized an RSU agreement with Pacific Dental Services (“PDS”) which awarded PDS RSUs with a fair value of $12.5 million, or 273,522 RSUs, based on the Company’s stock price on December 23, 2021. The RSUs vest over approximately four years and contain performance milestones. As of December 31, 2024,91,174 RSUs vested and were released as a result of a performance milestone achievement. The remaining 182,348 RSUs remained unvested as of December 31, 2024.

The following summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to value Options granted during the years ended December 31:

The risk-free rate of interest for periods within the contractual life of the awards is based on a zero-coupon U.S. government instrument with a maturity period that approximates the award’s expected term. The weighted average volatility used in the Black-Scholes model to value Options was estimated based on an average historical stock price volatility of a peer group of companies. The dividend yield was 0.0% as the Company does not offer a dividend. To estimate the option exercise timing used in the valuation model, in addition to considering the vesting period and contractual term of the Option, the Company analyzes and considers actual historical exercise experience for previously granted awards.

The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is also based on the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The Company estimates pre-vesting forfeitures at the time of grant by analyzing historical data and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company has estimated an annual forfeiture rate of 12.0% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and 6.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following summarizes the components of the Company’s stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31 ($ in millions):

The Company’s stock-based compensation is primarily recognized as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2024, $43.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to PSOs/Options and RSUs/PSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximatelytwo years.

The following summarizes the Company’s Option and PSO activity (in millions; except price per share and numbers of years):

Options and PSOs outstanding as of December 31, 2024 are summarized below (in millions; except price per share and numbers of years):

The intrinsic value of Options and PSOs are calculated as the amount by which the market price of the Company’s stock exceeds the exercise price of the Option / PSO. The aggregate intrinsic value of Options and PSOs exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $0.8 million, $9.0 million and $31.0 million, respectively.

The following summarizes information on unvested RSU and PSU activity related to the Company’s employees and non-employee directors (in millions; except weighted average grant-date fair value):

The Company recognizes tax benefits for stock compensation in certain jurisdictions, primarily the United States, where tax deductions are based on market value at exercise or release and may exceed the grant-date value. The Company realized such tax benefits of $0.1 million, $1.3 million, and $3.5 million in 2024, 2023, and 2022, related to the exercise of Options and PSOs. For excess tax benefits related to the vesting RSUs and PSUs, the Company didnot realize such excess tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2024, and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 realized tax benefits of $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. For all periods presented, the tax benefits were included as a component of income tax expense and as an operating cash inflow in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

In connection with the exercise of certain Options and the vesting of RSUs and PSUs, a number of shares sufficient to fund statutory minimum tax withholding requirements has been withheld from the total shares issued or released to the award holders (though under the terms of the applicable plan, the shares are considered to have been issued and are not added back to the pool of shares available for grant). During the year ended December 31, 2024,242.0 thousand shares with an aggregate value of $5.3 million were withheld to satisfy the requirement. During the year ended December 31, 2023,214.8 thousand shares with an aggregate value of $7.9 million were withheld to satisfy the requirement.

NOTE 18. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component are summarized below ($ in millions):

NOTE 19. REVENUE

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by geographical region for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in millions). Sales taxes and other usage-based taxes collected from customers are excluded from revenues. The Company has historically defined emerging markets as developing markets of the world experiencing extended periods of accelerated growth in gross domestic product and infrastructure, including Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia (with the exception of Japan and Australia). The Company defines developed markets as all markets of the world that are not emerging markets.

Remaining Performance Obligations

ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, requires disclosure of remaining performance obligations that represent the aggregate transaction price allocated to performance obligations with an original contract term greater than one year which are fully or partially unsatisfied at the end of the period. Remaining performance obligations include noncancelable purchase orders, unfulfilled obligations, extended warranty and service agreements and do not include revenue from contracts with customers with an original term of one year or less.

With respect to certain clear aligner treatment plans, the Company enters into contracts that involve multiple future performance obligations which include optional additional aligners at no additional charge. The Company’s treatment plans are comprised of the following performance obligations: initial aligner shipment and the subsequent shipments of any optional refinement aligners. For such plans, the Company also considers usage rates, which is the number of times a customer is expected to order additional refinement aligners.

As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $128.0 million, including $94.9 million related to clear aligner treatment plans. The Company expects to fulfill the majority of these performance obligations over the next 12 months.

Contract Liabilities

The Company often receives cash payments from customers in advance of the Company’s performance resulting in contract liabilities. These contract liabilities are classified as either current or long-term in the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize revenue. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the contract liabilities were $166.8 million and $114.8 million, respectively, and are included within accrued expenses and other liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The increase in the contract liability balance during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, is primarily due to cash payments received in advance of satisfying performance obligations, partially offset by revenue recognized during the period that was included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that is included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $97.1 million and $74.6 million, respectively.

Significant Customers

Sales to the Company’s largest customer were 10% of total sales for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and 11% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

NOTE 20. RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES AND RELATED IMPAIRMENTS

Restructuring Activities

The Company’s restructuring activities are undertaken as necessary to implement management’s strategy, streamline operations, take advantage of available capacity and resources, and ultimately achieve net cost reductions. These activities generally relate to reductions in workforce, the realignment of existing manufacturing capacity and closure of facilities and other exit or disposal activities, as it relates to executing the Company’s strategy, pursuant to restructuring programs.

Restructuring related charges recorded for the years ended December 31 by segment were as follows ($ in millions):

Restructuring related charges incurred during the years ended December 31 were reflected in the following captions in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations ($ in millions):

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the restructuring liability was $15.6 million and $16.0 million, respectively. The December 31, 2023 liability was paid during the current period and the December 31, 2024 liability was incurred during 2024 and is expected to be paid out in 2025.

NOTE 21. INCOME TAXES

For the years ended December 31, (loss) income before income taxes were as follows ($ in millions):

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are classified as long-term and are included in other long-term assets and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

Deferred taxes associated with U.S. entities consist of net deferred tax assets of $33.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and net deferred tax liabilities of $20.5 million as of December 31, 2023. Deferred taxes associated with non-U.S. entities consist of net deferred tax assets of $53.1 million and $46.9 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During 2024, the Company’s valuation allowance increased by $55.1 million primarily due to establishing a valuation allowance against a portion of the Company’s U.S. interest carryforwards.

The Company has determined that unremitted foreign earnings are not considered indefinitely reinvested to the extent foreign earnings can be distributed without a significant tax cost. As such, the Company has recorded foreign withholding tax liabilities related to the future repatriation of such earnings. The Company continues to indefinitely reinvest all other outside basis differences to the extent reversal would incur a significant tax liability. It is not practicable for the Company to calculate the unrecognized deferred tax liability related to such incremental tax costs on those outside basis differences. The deferred tax liability for unremitted foreign earnings was $16.7 million as of December 31, 2024, which represents our estimate of the net tax cost associated with the deemed remittance of certain foreign earnings that are not considered to be permanently reinvested.

Current tax law in the United States imposes tax on U.S. stockholders for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company is required to make an accounting policy election of either: (1) treating taxes due on future amounts included in the U.S. taxable income related to GILTI as a current period tax expense when incurred (“the period cost method”); or (2) factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred tax expense (the “deferred method”). In 2018, the Company elected the period cost method for its accounting for GILTI.

The effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31 varies from the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate as follows:

The Company realized tax benefits of $1.6 million, $3.6 million, and $7.2 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for tax deductions attributable to stock-based compensation, of which, the excess tax benefit over the amount recorded for financial reporting purposes was $0.1 million, $1.5 million and $4.6 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As required by ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), the excess tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 have been included in the provision for income taxes.

The Company evaluates the future realizability of tax credits and loss carryforwards considering the anticipated future earnings of the Company’s subsidiaries as well as tax planning strategies in the associated jurisdictions. Included in deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2024 are tax benefits for U.S. and non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards totaling $30.7 million ($27.6 million of which the Company does not expect to realize and has corresponding valuation allowances). Certain of the losses can be carried forward indefinitely and others can be carried forward to various dates from 2025 through 2044.

As of December 31, 2024, gross unrecognized tax benefits totaled $3.6 million ($5.3 million, including $1.7 million associated with potential interest and penalties). As of December 31, 2023, gross unrecognized tax benefits totaled $5.1 million ($7.3 million, including $2.2 million associated with potential interest and penalties). The Company recognized $(0.5) million, $(0.4) million and $0.6 million in potential interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. To the extent unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties) are recognized with respect to uncertain tax positions, the tax expense in future periods would be reduced by $5.3 million based upon the tax positions as of December 31, 2024. The Company recognized interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Unrecognized tax benefits and associated accrued interest and penalties are included in taxes, income and other accrued expenses as detailed in Note 10.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding amounts accrued for potential interest and penalties, is as follows ($ in millions):

The Company is routinely examined by various domestic and international taxing authorities and operations in certain U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions remain subject to routine examination for tax years beginning with 2009.

The Company estimates that it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by approximately $1.9 million within twelve months through resolution of worldwide tax matters, payments of tax audit settlements and/or statute of limitations expirations.

The Company operates in various non-U.S. tax jurisdictions where “tax holiday” income tax incentives have been granted for a specific period. These tax benefits are not material to the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 22. (LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the applicable income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of dilutive potential shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method, except for the 2028 Convertible Notes and 2025 Convertible Notes, which are calculated using the if-converted method. Dilutive potential common shares include employee equity options, non-vested shares and similar instruments granted by the Company and the assumed conversion impact of convertible notes. The Company will settle any convertible note conversions through a combination settlement by satisfying the principal amount outstanding with cash and any convertible note conversion value in excess of the principal amount in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock or any combination thereof. As the Company will settle the principal amount of convertible notes in cash upon conversion, the convertible notes only have an impact on the Company's diluted earnings per share when the average share price of the Company’s common stock exceeds the conversion price, in any applicable period. See the computation of earnings per share below for the dilutive impact of the convertible notes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

In connection with the offering of the 2025 Convertible Notes, the Company entered into Capped Calls, which are intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution from shares of common stock issued upon conversion. The Company completed a partial unwind of the Capped Calls in connection with the Notes Exchanges. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of the Capped Calls.

The impact of the remaining Capped Calls is not included when calculating potentially dilutive shares since their effect is anti-dilutive. The Capped Calls will mitigate dilution for the conversion of the remaining 2025 Convertible Notes up to the Company’s common stock price of $23.79. If the remaining 2025 Convertible Notes are converted at a price higher than $23.79 per share, the Capped Calls will no longer mitigate dilution from the conversion of the remaining 2025 Convertible Notes.

The table below presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share ($ and shares in millions, except per share amounts):

The following table presents the number of outstanding securities not included in the computation of diluted income per share, because their effect was anti-dilutive (in millions):

NOTE 23. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates and reports its results intwo business segments, the Specialty Products & Technologies and Equipment & Consumables segments. The Company’s Specialty Products & Technologies products primarily include implants, regenerative products, prosthetics, orthodontic brackets, aligners and lab products. The Company’s Equipment & Consumables products primarily include traditional consumable products such as bonding agents and cements, impression materials, infection prevention products and restorative products, while the Company’s equipment products primarily include digital imaging systems, software and other visualization and magnification systems.

On December 31 2024, the Company adopted ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting - Improving Reportable Segment Disclosures” and updated its disclosures to conform to the new segment disclosure requirements. Additionally, prior year disclosures have been modified to conform to the new ASU disclosure presentation requirements. There were no changes to significant expense classifications nor the methods used to allocate such expenses, and therefore recasting of segment information for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is not required.

The Company’s operating segments are also its reportable segments. The Company’s CODM is the chief executive officer. The CODM primarily utilizes segment operating profit or loss as the key indicator in assessing the segment's performance and allocating resources. Operating profit represents total revenues less expenses, excluding corporate and other expenses, nonoperating income (expense), interest expense and income taxes. The expense components used in determining operating profit include the following:

Cost of sales which include the cost of materials, labor, facilities, restructuring costs and other infrastructure used to manufacture the Company’s products, and shipping and handling costs attributable to delivering these products to customers.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses which includes, among other things, the costs of selling, marketing, promotion, advertising and administration (including business technology, facilities, legal, finance, human resources, business development and procurement), restructuring and amortization expense for intangible assets that have been acquired through business combinations.

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses which include project costs specific to new product R&D and product lifecycle management, overhead costs associated with R&D operations, regulatory costs, product registrations and investments that support local market clinical trials for approved indications.

For corporate and other, these expenses represent unallocated corporate costs and other costs, including goodwill and intangible impairment charges. These activities do not meet the criteria for a stand-alone reporting segment under ASC 280 Segment Reporting, thus are not considered in management’s evaluation of reportable segment operating performance.

The identifiable assets by segment are those used in each segment’s operations. Additionally, inter-segment amounts which have been eliminated, are not significant to the below presentation of segment information.

Segment related information is shown below ($ in millions):

Operations in Geographical Areas:

NOTE 24. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On February 5, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to $250 million of its outstanding common stock through December 31, 2026. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase its common stock from time to time, in amounts, at prices, and at such times as the Company deems appropriate, subject to market conditions and other considerations and in accordance with applicable federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The Company's repurchases may be executed using open market purchases, unsolicited or solicited privately negotiated transactions, an accelerated stock repurchase program, and/or a trading plan in compliance with Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act.