INTER PARFUMS INC

Business of the Company

Inter Parfums, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) are in the fragrance business and manufacture and distribute a wide array of prestige fragrances and fragrance related products.

Substantially all of our prestige fragrance brands are licensed from unaffiliated third parties, and our business is dependent upon the continuation and renewal of such licenses. With respect to the Company’s largest brands, we license the Jimmy Choo, Montblanc, Coach and GUESS brand names. As a percentage of net sales, product sales for the Company’s largest brands were as follows:

Basis of Preparation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, including 72% owned Interparfums SA, a subsidiary whose stock is publicly traded in France. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Management Estimates

Management makes assumptions and estimates to prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Those assumptions and estimates directly affect the amounts reported and disclosures included in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those assumptions and estimates. Significant estimates for which changes in the near term are considered reasonably possible and that may have a material impact on the financial statements are disclosed in these notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency Translation

For foreign subsidiaries with operations denominated in a foreign currency, assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Gains and losses from translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

All highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company also has short-term investments which consist of marketable equity securities, certificates of deposit and other contracts with maturities greater than three months. The Company monitors concentrations of credit risk associated with financial institutions with which the Company conducts significant business. The Company believes its credit risk is minimal, as the Company primarily conducts business with large, well-established financial institutions. Substantially all cash and cash equivalents are primarily held at financial institutions outside the United States and are readily convertible into U.S. dollars.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represent payments due to the Company for previously recognized net sales, reduced by allowances for doubtful accounts or balances which are estimated to be uncollectible, which aggregated $2.1 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Accounts receivable balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when they become uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously recorded against the allowance are recorded in the consolidated statement of income when received. We generally grant credit based upon our analysis of the customer’s financial position, as well as previously established buying patterns.

Inventories

Inventories, including promotional merchandise, only include inventory considered saleable or usable in future periods, and are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out method. Cost components include raw materials, direct labor and overhead (e.g., indirect labor, utilities, depreciation, purchasing, receiving, inspection and warehousing) as well as inbound freight. Promotional merchandise is charged to cost of sales at the time the merchandise is shipped to the Company’s customers.

Derivatives

All derivative instruments are recorded as either assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. The Company uses derivative instruments to principally manage a variety of market risks. For derivatives designated as hedges of the exposure to changes in fair value of the recognized asset or liability or a firm commitment (referred to as fair value hedges), the gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged. The effect of that accounting is to include in earnings the extent to which the hedge is not effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value. For cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported in equity (as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss of a cash flow hedge is reported in earnings immediately. The Company also holds certain instruments for economic purposes that are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. For these derivative instruments, changes in their fair value are recorded in earnings immediately.

Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives for furniture and equipment, which range between three and fifteen years. Depreciation on buildings and leasehold improvements is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful asset lives, which range between seven and fifty years. Depreciation provided on equipment used to produce inventory, such as tools and molds, is included in cost of sales.

Long-Lived Assets

Indefinite-lived intangible assets principally consist of trademarks which are not amortized. The Company evaluates indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently when events occur or circumstances change, such as an unexpected decline in sales, that would more-likely-than-not indicate that the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset may not be recoverable. When testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, the evaluation requires a comparison of the estimated fair value of the asset to the carrying value of the asset. The fair values used in our evaluations are estimated based upon discounted future cash flow projections using a weighted average cost of capital of 10.39% and 9.80% in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The cash flow projections are based upon a number of assumptions, including future sales levels, future cost of goods and operating expense levels, as well as economic conditions, changes to our business model or changes in consumer acceptance of our products which are more subjective in nature. If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recorded.

Intangible assets subject to amortization principally consist of licenses and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the license term or estimated economic life, ranging from three to twenty years. Intangible assets subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment testing whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an amortizable intangible asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators exist for an amortizable intangible asset, the undiscounted future cash flows associated with the expected service potential of the asset are compared to the carrying value of the asset. If our projection of undiscounted future cash flows is in excess of the carrying value of the intangible asset, no impairment charge is recorded. If our projection of undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying value of the intangible asset, an impairment charge would be recorded to reduce the intangible asset to its fair value.

Revenue Recognition

The Company sells its products to department stores, perfumeries, specialty stores and domestic and international wholesalers and distributors. Our revenue contracts represent single performance obligations to sell our products to customers. Sales of such products by our domestic subsidiaries are denominated in U.S. dollars, and sales of such products by our foreign subsidiaries are primarily denominated in either euro or U.S. dollars. The substantial majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers based on agreed upon shipping terms, which usually occurs upon delivery. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. Net sales are comprised of gross revenues less incentives to customers such as returns, trade discounts and allowances, which give rise to variable consideration. The Company does not bill its customers’ freight and handling charges. All shipping and handling costs, which aggregated $14.2 million, $15.8 million and $10.0 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The Company grants credit to all qualified customers and does not believe it is exposed significantly to any undue concentration of credit risk. In 2023, Macys, our top retail customer, accounted for approximately 12% of net sales. No one customer represented 10% or more of net sales in 2022 and 2021.

Sales Returns

Generally, the Company does not permit customers to return their unsold products. However, for U.S. based customers, we allow returns if properly requested, authorized and approved. The Company regularly reviews and revises, as deemed necessary, its estimate of reserves for future sales returns based primarily upon historic trends and relevant current data including information provided by retailers regarding their inventory levels. In addition, as necessary, specific accruals may be established for significant future known or anticipated events. The types of known or anticipated events that we consider include, but are not limited to, the financial condition of our customers, store closings by retailers, changes in the retail environment and our decision to continue to support new and existing products. The Company records its estimate of potential sales returns as a reduction of sales and cost of sales with corresponding entries to accrued expenses, to record the refund liability, and inventory, for the right to recover goods from the customer. The refund liability associated with estimated returns was $5.5 million and $8.6 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and the amounts recognized for the rights to recover products was $2.4 million and $3.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The physical condition and marketability of returned products are the major factors we consider in estimating realizable value. Actual returns, as well as estimated realizable values of returned products, may differ significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from our estimates, if factors such as economic conditions, inventory levels or competitive conditions differ from our expectations.

Payments to Customers

The Company records revenues generated from purchase with purchase and gift with purchase promotions as sales and the costs of its purchase with purchase and gift with purchase promotions as cost of sales. Certain other incentive arrangements require the payment of a fee to customers based on their attainment of pre-established sales levels. These fees have been recorded as a reduction of net sales.

Advertising and Promotion

Advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred and recorded as a component of cost of goods sold (in the case of free goods given to customers) or selling, general and administrative expenses. Advertising and promotional costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses were $259.9 million, $212.4 million and $171.1 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Costs relating to purchase with purchase and gift with purchase promotions that are reflected in cost of sales aggregated $52.3 million, $43.1 million and $36.9 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Package Development Costs

Package development costs associated with new products and redesigns of existing product packaging are expensed as incurred.

Operating Leases

The Company leases its offices and warehouses, vehicles, and certain office equipment, substantially all of which are classified as operating leases. The Company currently has no material financing leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease assets and obligations are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

License Agreements

The Company’s license agreements generally provide the Company with worldwide rights to manufacture, market and sell prestige fragrances and fragrance related products using the licensors’ trademarks. The licenses typically have an initial term of approximately 5 to 15 years and are potentially renewable subject to the Company’s compliance with the license agreement provisions. The remaining terms, excluding potential renewal periods, range from approximately 1 to 12 years. Under each license, the Company is required to pay royalties in the range of 6% to 10% to the licensor, at least annually, based on net sales to third parties.

In certain cases, the Company may pay an entry fee to acquire, or enter into, a license where the licensor or another licensee was operating a pre-existing fragrance business. In those cases, the entry fee is capitalized as an intangible asset and amortized over its useful life.

Most license agreements require minimum royalty payments, incremental royalties based on net sales levels and minimum spending on advertising and promotional activities. Royalty expenses are accrued in the period in which net sales are recognized while advertising and promotional expenses are accrued at the time these costs are incurred.

In addition, the Company is exposed to certain concentration risk. Most of our prestige fragrance brands are licensed from unaffiliated third parties, and our business is dependent upon the continuation and renewal of such licenses.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns. The net deferred tax assets assume sufficient future earnings for their realization, as well as the continued application of currently enacted tax rates. Included in net deferred tax assets is a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, where management believes it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the relevant jurisdiction. If the Company determines that a deferred tax asset will not be realizable, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset will result in a reduction of net earnings at that time. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax asset or liability in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Issuance of Common Stock by Consolidated Subsidiary

The difference between the Company’s share of the proceeds received by the subsidiary and the carrying amount of the portion of the Company’s investment deemed sold, is reflected as an equity adjustment in the consolidated balance sheets.

Treasury Stock

The Board of Directors has authorized share repurchases of the Company’s common stock (Share Repurchase Authorizations). Share repurchases under Share Repurchase Authorizations are made through open market transactions, negotiated purchase or otherwise, at times and in such amounts within the parameters authorized by the Board. Shares repurchased under Share Repurchase Authorizations are held in treasury for general corporate purposes, including issuances under various employee stock option plans. Treasury shares are accounted for under the cost method and reported as a reduction of equity. Share Repurchase Authorizations may be suspended, limited or terminated at any time without notice.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through requiring enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance and allocate resources. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU includes amendments requiring enhanced income tax disclosures, primarily related to standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and shall be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our disclosures.

There are no other recent accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted that would have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

Correction of Immaterial Misstatements in Prior Period Financial Statements

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company identified an error that caused an overstatement of line items on the previously reported consolidated statement of cash flows. The error does not impact any other consolidated financial statement included herein. Specifically, the error related to the timing of payments to Lacoste in accordance with the acquisition agreement of the Lacoste trademark in 2022 which required a payment in 2022 and an additional payment in 2023. In the 2022 consolidated statement of cash flow, the payment was reported to have been made in full during 2022. This error had no impact on net income or earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2022. The impact of the error resulted in a movement of $42.1 million between “Change in Accounts payable and accrued expenses” within operating cash flows and “Payment for intangible assets acquired” within investing cash flows.

In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 99, Materiality, and SAB No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements, the Company evaluated the errors and determined that the impact was not material to any of our previously issued financial statements.

The following table presents a summary of the impact by financial statement line item of the corrections for the year ended December 31, 2022:

Our business has continued to significantly improve throughout 2021, 2022, and 2023 after the disastrous effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic starting in early 2020, as retail stores reopened, and consumers increased online purchasing. While the COVID-19 Pandemic had significantly restricted international travel, the travel retail business has picked up. We experienced significant strains on our supply chain causing disruptions affecting the procurement of components, the ability to transport goods, and related cost increases. These disruptions came at a time when demand for our product lines has never been stronger or more sustained. We have addressed this issue since the beginning of 2021, by ordering well in advance of need and in larger quantities. Since 2021, we have strived to carry more inventory overall, source the same components from multiple suppliers and when possible, manufacture products closer to where they are sold. The supply chain bottlenecks are largely abated.

Abercrombie & Fitch

In 2023, we announced our agreement to distribute Abercrombie & Fitch’s number one men’s fragrance,Fierce, in selected markets. The first phase of the agreement, which became effective on September 1, 2023, coversFierce distribution in certain major markets, including Europe, Mexico and Australia. The second phase, which activated in February 2024, covers distribution in additional markets in Western Europe and Latin America, and may include other flankers of the Fierce family of products.

Roberto Cavalli

In July 2023, we closed a transaction agreement with Roberto Cavalli, whereby an exclusive and worldwide license was granted for the production and distribution of Roberto Cavalli brand perfumes and fragrance related products. Our rights under this license are subject to certain minimum advertising expenditures and royalty payments as are customary in our industry. The license became effective in July 2023 and will last for 6.5 years.

Lacoste

In December 2022, we closed a transaction agreement with Lacoste, whereby an exclusive and worldwide license was granted for the production and distribution of Lacoste brand perfumes and cosmetics. Our rights under this license are subject to certain minimum advertising expenditures and royalty payments as are customary in our industry. The license became effective in January 2024 and will last for 15 years.

Dunhill

The Dunhill fragrance license expired on September 30, 2023 and was not renewed. The Company has now entered the twelve-month sell-off period during which it will maintain the right to sell-off remaining Dunhill fragrance inventory, which is customary in the fragrance industry. All usable components have been converted to finished goods, and any remaining components will be destroyed.

Donna Karan and DKNY

In September 2021, we entered into a long-term global licensing agreement for the creation, development and distribution of fragrances and fragrance-related products under the Donna Karan and DKNY brands. Our rights under this license are subject to certain minimum advertising expenditures and royalty payments as are customary in our industry. With this agreement, we have gained several well-established and valuable fragrance franchises, most notably Donna KaranCashmere Mist and DKNYBe Delicious, as well as a significant loyal consumer base around the world. In connection with the grant of license, we issued 65,342 shares of Inter Parfums, Inc. common stock valued at $5.0 million to the licensor. The exclusive license became effective July 1, 2022, and we are planning to launch new fragrances under these brands in 2024.

Rochas Fashion

As a result of operational challenges faced by the Rochas Fashion business we took a $2.4 million impairment charge on our Rochas fashion trademark in the first quarter of 2021. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we again took a $6.8 million impairment charge on the Rochas fashion trademark after an independent expert concluded that the valuation of the trademark was $11.3 million. In 2023, the Rochas teams underwent a strategic shift to take over their own brand operations, exiting contracts with manufacturers and distributors to make this new structure operational beginning in 2024. An independent expert concluded that the valuation based on this new business model would not require additional impairments.

Land and Building Acquisition - Headquarters in Paris

In April 2021, Interparfums SA, our 72% owned French Subsidiary, completed the acquisition of its headquarters at 10 rue de Solférino in the 7th arrondissement of Paris from the property developer. This is an office complex combining three buildings connected by two inner courtyards, and consists of approximately 40,000 total sq. ft.

The purchase price included the complete renovation of the site. As of December 31, 2023, $154 million (€139 million) of the purchase price, including approximately $3.1 million of acquisition costs, is included in property, equipment and leasehold improvements on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The purchase price has been allocated approximately $63.3 million to land and $90.7 million to the building. The building, which was delivered on February 28, 2022, includes the building structure, development of the property, façade waterproofing, general and technical installations and interior fittings that will be depreciated over a range of 7 to 50 years. The Company has elected to depreciate the building cost based on the useful lives of its components. As of December 31, 2023, there wasno cash held in escrow included in property, equipment and leasehold improvements on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

The acquisition was financed by a 10-year €120 million (approximately $132.6 million) bank loan which bears interest atone-month Euribor plus 0.75%. Approximately €80 million of the variable rate debt was swapped for variable interest rate debt with a maximum rate of 2% per annum. The swap effectively exchanges the variable interest rate to a fixed rate of approximately 1.1%.

Inventories consist of the following:

Overhead included in inventory aggregated $5.4 million and $3.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Included in inventories is an inventory reserve, which represents the difference between the cost of the inventory and its estimated realizable value, based upon sales forecasts and the physical condition of the inventories. In addition, and as necessary, specific reserves for future known or anticipated events may be established. Inventory reserves aggregated $21.5 million and $11.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value.

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents including money market funds, short-term investments including marketable equity securities, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value due to the short terms to maturity of these instruments. The carrying amount of loans payable approximates fair value as the interest rates on the Company’s indebtedness approximate current market rates. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt was estimated based on the current rates offered to companies for debt with the same remaining maturities and is approximately equal to its carrying value.

Foreign currency forward exchange contracts are valued based on quotations from financial institutions and the value of interest rate swaps is the discounted net present value of the swaps using third party quotes from financial institutions.

The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge exposure related to receivables denominated in a foreign currency and occasionally to manage risks related to future sales expected to be denominated in a foreign currency. Before entering into a derivative transaction for hedging purposes, it is determined that a high degree of initial effectiveness exists between the change in value of the hedged item and the change in the value of the derivative instrument from movement in exchange rates. High effectiveness means that the change in the cash flows of the derivative instrument will effectively offset the change in the cash flows of the hedged item. The effectiveness of each hedged item is measured throughout the hedged period and is based on the dollar offset methodology and excludes the portion of the fair value of the foreign currency forward exchange contract attributable to the change in spot-forward difference which is reported in current period earnings. Any hedge ineffectiveness is also recognized as a gain or loss on foreign currency in the income statement. For hedge contracts that are no longer deemed highly effective, hedge accounting is discontinued, and gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings. If it is probable that the forecasted transaction will no longer occur, then any gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to current-period earnings.

In December 2022, to finance the acquisition of the Lacoste trademark, the Company entered into a €50 million (approximately $55.3 million)4-year term loan with a variable interest rate. This variable rate debt was swapped for variable interest rate debt with a maximum rate of 2% per annum. This swap is a hedged derivative instrument and is therefore recorded at fair value and changes in fair value are reflected in other comprehensive income.

In connection with the April 2021 acquisition of the office building complex in Paris, €120 million (approximately $132.6 million) of the purchase price was financed through a 10-year term loan. The Company entered into interest rate swap contracts related to €80 million of the loan, effectively exchanging the variable interest rate to a fixed rate of approximately 1.1%. This derivative instrument is recorded at fair value and changes in fair value are reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Gains and losses in derivatives designated as hedges are accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) and gains and losses in derivatives not designated as hedges are included in (gain) loss on foreign currency on the accompanying income statements. Such gains and losses were immaterial in each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023. Interest expense includes a loss of $2.8 million in 2023 and a gain of $6.3 million and $0.2 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, resulting from an interest rate swap.

All derivative instruments are reported as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet measured at fair value. The valuation of interest rate swaps is included in long-term debt on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The valuation of foreign currency forward exchange contracts at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, resulted in an asset and is included in other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had foreign currency contracts in the form of forward exchange contracts with notional amounts of approximately U.S. $61.0 million and GB £2.5 million which all have maturities of less than one year.

Depreciation expense was $9.8 million, $7.5 million and $4.4 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Amortization expense was $7.5 million, $6.8 million and $5.9 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortization expense is expected to approximate $14.3 million in 2024, $13.6 million in 2025, $12.0 million in 2026, and $11.4 million in 2027 and 2028. The weighted average amortization period for trademarks, licenses and other intangible assets with finite lives are 18 years,14.3 years and 2.5 years, respectively, and 14 years on average.

The Company reviews intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. There was an impairment charge for trademarks with indefinite useful lives of $0 million, $6.8 million and $2.4 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, relating to our Rochas fashion business and an impairment charge for trademarks with indefinite useful lives of $0.9 million in 2022 relating to our Intimate trademark. The fair values used in our evaluations are estimated based upon discounted future cash flow projections using a weighted average cost of capital of 10.39%,9.80%, and 7.47% as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The cash flow projections are based upon a number of assumptions, including, future sales levels and future cost of goods and operating expense levels, as well as economic conditions, changes to our business model or changes in consumer acceptance of our products which are more subjective in nature. The Company believes that the assumptions it has made in projecting future cash flows for the evaluations described above are reasonable and currently no other impairment indicators exist for our indefinite-lived assets. However, if future actual results do not meet our expectations, the Company may be required to record an impairment charge, the amount of which could be material to our results of operations.

The cost of trademarks, licenses and other intangible assets with finite lives is being amortized by the straight-line method over the term of the respective license or the intangible assets estimated useful life which range from three totwenty years. If the residual value of a finite life intangible asset exceeds its carrying value, then the asset is not amortized. The Company reviews intangible assets with finite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Trademarks (finite lives) primarily represent Lanvin brand names and trademarks and in connection with their purchase, Lanvin was granted the right to repurchase the brand names and trademarks on July 1, 2027 for €70 million (approximately $77 million), representing the residual value, in accordance with an amendment signed in 2021. Because the residual value of the intangible asset exceeds its carrying value, the asset is not being amortized.

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

Loans payable – banks consist of the following:

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries have available a $25 million unsecured revolving line of credit due on demand, which bears interest at the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 2% (the SOFR was 5.3% as of December 31, 2023). The line of credit which has a maturity date of December 13, 2024, is expected to be renewed on an annual basis. Borrowings outstanding pursuant to lines of credit were zero as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company’s foreign subsidiaries have available credit lines totaling approximately $8 million provided by a consortium of international financial institutions. These credit lines bear interest at EURIBOR plus between 0.6% and 0.9% (EURIBOR was 3.96% at December 31, 2023). Borrowings outstanding pursuant to lines of credit were $4.4 million and $0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings was 4.5% and 0% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Long-term debt consists of the following:

In December 2022, to finance Interparfums SA’s acquisition of the Lacoste trademark, the Company entered into a $55.3 million (€50 million) four-year loan agreement. The loan agreement bears interest at EURIBOR-1-month rates plus a margin of 0.825%. This variable rate debt was swapped for variable interest rate debt with a maximum rate of 2% per annum. The swap is a derivative instrument and is therefore recorded at fair value and changes in fair value are reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

In April 2021, to finance the acquisition of Interparfums SA’s corporate headquarters, the Company entered into a $132.6 million (€120 million) ten-year credit agreement. Approximately $88.4 million (€80.0 million) of the variable rate debt was swapped for variable interest rate debt with maximum rate of 2% per annum. The swap is a derivative instrument and is therefore recorded at fair value and changes in fair value are reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Maturities of long-term debt subsequent to December 31, 2023 are approximately $29.6 million in 2024, $29.8 million in 2025, $28.6 million in 2026, $15.9 million in 2027, $15.9 million in 2028, and$37.7 million thereafter through 2033.

Leases

The Company leases its offices, warehouses and vehicles, substantially all of which are classified as operating leases. The Company currently has no material financing leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease assets and obligations are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

In determining lease asset value, the Company considers fixed or variable payment terms, prepayments, incentives, and options to extend or terminate, depending on the lease. Renewal, termination or purchase options affect the lease term used for determining lease asset value only if the option is reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the lease commencement date for the location in which the lease is held in determining the present value of lease payments.

As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term was 5.1 years and the weighted average discount rate used to determine the operating lease liability was 3.0%. Rental expense related to operating leases was $5.8 million, $5.6 million, and $8.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Operating lease payments included in operating cash flows totaled $5.3 million, $4.8 million, and $7.5 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Noncash additions to operating lease assets in totaled $4.8 million, $0.3 million, and $12.2 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Maturities of lease liabilities subsequent to December 31, 2023 are as follows:

License Agreements

The Company is party to a number of licenses and other agreements for the use of trademarks and rights in connection with the manufacture and sale of its products expiring at various dates through 2039. In connection with certain of these license agreements, the Company is subject to minimum annual advertising commitments, minimum annual royalties and other commitments as follows:

Future advertising commitments are estimated based on planned future sales for the license terms that were in effect at December 31, 2023, without consideration for potential renewal periods. The above figures do not reflect the fact that our distributors share our advertising obligations. Royalty expense included in selling, general, and administrative expenses, aggregated $103.8 million, $87.0 million and $68.9 million, in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and represented 7.9%,8.0% and 7.8% of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Share-Based Payments

The Company maintains a stock option program for key employees, executives and directors. The plans, all of which have been approved by shareholder vote, provide for the granting of both nonqualified and incentive options. Options granted under the plans typically have a six-year term and vest over afour tofive-year period. The fair value of shares vested aggregated $1.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.4 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Forfeitures are estimated based on historic trends. It is generally the Company’s policy to issue new shares upon exercise of stock options.

The following table sets forth information with respect to nonvested options for 2023:

The effect of share-based payment expenses decreased income statement line items as follows:

The following table summarizes stock option activity and related information for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

At December 31, 2023, options for 537,365 shares were available for future grant under the plans. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding is $17.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options outstanding aggregated $2.9 million, which will be recognized over the next five years.

The weighted average fair values of options granted by Inter Parfums, Inc. during 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $35.08, $20.36 and $11.35 per share, respectively, on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value.

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model are set forth in the following table:

Expected volatility is estimated based on historic volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected term of the option is estimated based on historic data. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant of the option and the dividend yield reflects the assumption that the dividend payout as authorized by the Board of Directors would maintain its current payout ratio as a percentage of earnings.

Proceeds, tax benefits and intrinsic value related to stock options exercised were as follows:

The following table summarizes additional stock option information as of December 31, 2023:

As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average exercise price of options exercisable was $70.60 and the weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable is 1.67 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2023 is $13.7 million.

In December 2018, Interparfums SA approved a plan to grant an aggregate of 26,600 shares of its stock to employees with no performance condition requirement, and an aggregate of 133,000 shares to officers and managers, subject to certain corporate performance conditions. The corporate performance conditions were met and therefore in June 2022,211,955 shares, adjusted for stock splits, were distributed. The aggregate cost of the grant of approximately $4.8 million was recognized as compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite three-year service period.

In March 2022, Interparfums SA approved an additional plan to grant an aggregate of 88,400 shares to all Interparfums SA employees and corporate officers having more than six months of employment at grant date, subject to certain corporate performance conditions. The shares, subject to adjustment for stock splits, will be distributed in June 2025 and will follow the same guidelines as the December 2018 plan.

The fair value of the grant had been determined based on the quoted stock price of Interparfums SA shares as reported by the Euronext on the date of grant. The estimated number of shares to be distributed of 93,405 has been determined taking into account employee turnover. The aggregate cost of the grant of approximately $4.2 million will be recognized as compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite three and a quarter year service period.

Similar to the December 2018 plan, in order to avoid dilution of the Company’s ownership of Interparfums SA, all shares distributed or to be distributed pursuant to these plans will be pre-existing shares of Interparfums SA, purchased in the open market by Interparfums SA. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired 87,609 shares at an aggregate cost of $4.1 million.

All share purchases and issuances have been classified as equity transactions on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Dividends

In February 2021, the Board of Directors authorized an annual dividend of $1.00, payable quarterly. In February 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a 100% increase in the annual dividend to $2.00 per share and in February 2023, the Board of Directors increased the annual dividend to $2.50 per share. In February 2024, the Board of Directors further increased the annual dividend to $3.00 per share. The next quarterly cash dividend of $0.75 per share is payable on March 29, 2024 to shareholders of record on March 15, 2024.

Net income attributable to Inter Parfums, Inc. per common share (“basic EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to Inter Parfums, Inc. by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Net income attributable to Inter Parfums, Inc. per share assuming dilution (“diluted EPS”), is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding, plus the incremental shares outstanding assuming the exercise of dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method.

The reconciliation between the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations is as follows:

Not included in the above computations is the effect of anti-dilutive potential common shares, which consist of outstanding options to purchase 0,38,000, and 175,000 shares of common stock for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The Company manufactures and distributes one product line, fragrances and fragrance related products. The Company manages its business in two segments, European based operations and United States based operations. The European assets are located, and operations are primarily conducted, in France. Both European and United States based operations primarily represent the sale of prestige brand name fragrances.

Information on the Company’s operations by segments is as follows:

United States export sales were approximately $230.5 million, $180.0 million and $133.4 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Consolidated net sales to customers by region are as follows:

Consolidated net sales to customers in major countries are as follows:

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, and various states and foreign jurisdictions.

The Company assessed its uncertain tax positions and determined that it has no material uncertain tax position at December 31, 2023.

The components of income before income taxes consist of the following:

The provision for current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:

Valuation allowances have been provided for deferred tax assets relating to foreign net operating loss carry-forwards as future profitable operations from certain foreign subsidiaries might not be sufficient to realize the full amount of the deferred tax assets.

No other valuation allowances have been provided as management believes that it is more likely than not that the asset will be realized in the reduction of future taxable income.

The Company estimated the effect of global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) and has determined that it has no tax liability related to GILTI as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company also estimated the effect of foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”) and recorded a tax benefit of approximately $2.4 million, $1.5 million and $0.9 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

A tax audit of our Company’s French subsidiary was finalized in 2023 for the tax years 2020 and 2021. As a result of the audit’s conclusions, a one-time assessment of € 2.8 million ($3.1 million) is included in tax expense in the consolidated statements of income. The Company’s French subsidiary is no longer subject to foreign tax examination for years before 2022. At this point in time, the Company does not believe they will face any further assessments for tax years still open to audit.

The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020.

Differences between the United States federal statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate were as follows:

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of the following:

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions) as of December 31, 2021:

In 2023, a foreign subsidiary of Inter Parfums, Inc. began leasing office space and receiving consulting services from affiliates of the Company’s Chairman and principal stockholder. The Company incurred approximately $47,000 of expenses for these services in the year ended December 31, 2023.