New Fortress Energy Inc

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Company,” “NFE,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to New Fortress Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a global energy infrastructure company founded to help address energy poverty and accelerate the world's transition to reliable, affordable and clean energy. We own and operate natural gas and liquefied natural gas ("LNG") infrastructure, and an integrated fleet of ships and logistics assets to rapidly deliver turnkey energy solutions to global markets; additionally, we have expanded our focus to building our modular LNG manufacturing business. Our near-term mission is to provide modern infrastructure solutions to create cleaner, reliable energy while generating a positive economic impact worldwide. Our long-term mission is to become one of the world’s leading companies providing power free from carbon emissions by leveraging our global portfolio of integrated energy infrastructure. We discuss this important goal in more detail below under “Sustainability—Toward a Low Carbon Future.”

We deliver targeted energy solutions by employing an integrated LNG supply and delivery model:

LNG and Natural Gas Supply and Liquefaction– We supply LNG and natural gas to our own power plants and to our customers. We typically supply LNG and natural gas regasified from LNG to our customers by entering into long-term supply contracts, which are generally based on an index such as Henry Hub plus a fixed fee component. We acquire our LNG from third party suppliers in open market purchases and long-term supply agreements; we also manufacture LNG at our liquefaction and storage facility in Miami, Florida (the “Miami Facility”). Beginning in 2024, we expect to deploy our first offshore liquefaction facility, "Fast LNG" or "FLNG," to provide a source of low-cost supply of LNG.

Shipping– We lease, own or operate a fleet of seven regasification units (“FSRUs”) and 13 liquefied natural gas carriers (“LNGCs”) and floating storage units (“FSUs”). Ten vessels are owned by our joint venture affiliate, Energos Infrastructure ("Energos"). We also charter vessels to and from third parties as well as from Energos.

Facilities– Through our network of current and planned downstream facilities and logistics assets, we are strategically positioned to deliver gas and power solutions to our customers seeking either to transition from environmentally dirtier distillate fuels such as automotive diesel oil (“ADO”) and heavy fuel oil (“HFO”) or to purchase natural gas to meet their current fuel needs.

We analyze and seek to implement innovative and new technologies that complement our businesses to reduce our costs, achieve efficiencies for our business and our customers and advance our long-term goals, such as our ISO container distribution system, our Fast LNG solution and our hydrogen project.

Our Business Model

As an integrated gas-to-power energy infrastructure company, our business model spans the entire production and delivery chain from natural gas procurement and liquefaction to shipping, logistics, facilities and conversion or development of natural gas-fired power generation. Historically, natural gas procurement or liquefaction, transportation, regasification and power generation projects have been developed separately and have required multilateral or traditional financing sources, which has inhibited the introduction of natural gas-fired power in many developing countries. In executing our business model, we have the capability to build or arrange any necessary infrastructure ourselves without reliance on multilateral financing sources or traditional project finance structures, so that we maintain our strategic flexibility and optimize our portfolio.

We currently conduct our operations at the following facilities:

•our LNG storage and regasification facility at the Port of Montego Bay, Jamaica (the “Montego Bay Facility”),

•our marine LNG storage and regasification facility in Old Harbour, Jamaica (the “Old Harbour Facility”, together with the Montego Bay Facility, the “Jamaica Facilities”),

•our dual-fired combined heat and power ("CHP") facility in Clarendon, Jamaica (the "CHP Plant"),

•our landed micro-fuel handling facility in San Juan, Puerto Rico (the “San Juan Facility”),

•our LNG receiving facility (the “La Paz Facility”) and gas-fired power plant (the "La Paz Power Plant") at the Port of Pichilingue in Baja California Sur, Mexico, and

•our Miami Facility.

In addition, we are currently developing facilities in Brazil, Nicaragua, Ireland and other locations, as described below in more detail. We are in active discussions with additional customers to develop projects in multiple regions around the world who may have significant demand for additional power, LNG and natural gas, although there can be no assurance that these discussions will result in additional contracts or that we will be able to achieve our target pricing or margins.

Our Facilities

We look to build facilities in locations where the need for natural gas is significant. We design and construct natural gas and power facilities to meet the supply and demand specifications of our current and potential future customers in an applicable region. In these markets, we first seek to identify and establish “beachhead” target markets for the sale of LNG, natural gas or natural gas-fired power, and we then seek to supply natural gas or power under long-term downstream contracts. Finally, our goal is to expand within the market and supply natural gas or power to additional industrial and transportation customers.

Our facilities position us to acquire and supply LNG to customers and natural gas-fired power in a number of attractive markets around the world. Downstream, we have thirteen facilities that are either operational or under active development. We currently have four operational LNG terminal facilities and four under active development, as well as two operational power plant facilities and three power plant facilities under active development, as described below. Our LNG facilities currently operating or under development are expected to be capable of receiving up to one million MMBtu from LNG per day depending upon the needs of our customers and potential demand in the region.

Set forth below is additional detail regarding each of our LNG and power facilities:

Montego Bay, Jamaica– Our Montego Bay Facility commenced commercial operations in October 2016. The Montego Bay Facility is capable of processing up to 60,000 MMBtu from LNG per day and features approximately 7,000 cubic meters of onsite storage. It supplies natural gas to the 145MW power plant (the “Bogue Power Plant”) operated by Jamaica Public Service Company Limited (“JPS”) pursuant to a long-term contract for natural gas equivalent to approximately 25,000 MMBtu from LNG per day. The Montego Bay Facility also supplies numerous on-island industrial users with natural gas or LNG pursuant to offtake contracts of various durations. We have total aggregate contracted volumes of approximately 29,000 MMBtu from LNG per day at our Montego Bay Facility with a weighted average remaining contract length of 16 years as of December 31, 2023. We have the ability to service other potential customers with the excess capacity of the Montego Bay Facility, and we are seeking to enter into long-term contracts with new customers for such purposes.

Old Harbour, Jamaica– Our Old Harbour Facility commenced commercial operations in June 2019. The Old Harbour Facility is an offshore facility with storage and regasification equipment provided via FSRU. The offshore design eliminates the need for onshore infrastructure and storage tanks. It is capable of processing up to 750,000 MMBtu from LNG per day. The Old Harbour Facility is supplying gas to a 190MW gas-fired power plant (the “Old Harbour Power Plant”) owned and operated by South Jamaica Power Company Limited (“SJPC”) pursuant to a long-term contract for natural gas equivalent to approximately 30,000 MMBtu from LNG per day, and back-up ADO, for 20 years.

The Old Harbour Facility is also supplying gas to our 100MW CHP Plant, which we constructed, and which commenced commercial operations in March 2020. The CHP Plant is fueled by natural gas, with the ability to run on ADO as a backup fuel source. We have executed a suite of agreements in connection with the CHP Plant, including a 20-year agreement to supply steam to an alumina refinery joint venture between affiliates of Century Aluminum Company, and the Government of Jamaica, and we have a 20-year agreement to supply electricity to JPS.

We have total aggregate contracted volumes of approximately 58,000 MMBtu from LNG per day at our Old Harbour Facility with a weighted average contract length of 16 years as of December 31, 2023. We have the ability to service other potential customers with the excess capacity of the Old Harbour Facility, and we are seeking to enter into long-term contracts with new customers for such purposes.

San Juan, Puerto Rico– Our San Juan Facility became fully operational in July 2020. It is designed as a landed micro-fuel handling facility located in the Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The San Juan Facility has multiple truck loading bays to provide LNG to on-island industrial users. The San Juan Facility is near the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority ("PREPA") San Juan Power Plant and serves as our supply hub for the PREPA San Juan Power Plant and other industrial end-user customers in Puerto Rico.

In the first and second quarters of 2023, we entered into agreements with Weston Solutions, Inc. ("Weston") for the installation and operation of approximately 350MW of power to be generated at the Palo Seco Power Plant and San Juan Power Plant in Puerto Rico as well as the supply of natural gas and ADO. Weston has been contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to support the island’s grid stabilization project with additional power capacity to enable maintenance and repair work on Puerto Rico’s power system and grid. We commissioned 150MW of duel-fuel power generation using our gas supply in May 2023, and the remaining 200MW was commissioned in September 2023.

In the first quarter of 2023, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Genera PR LLC ("Genera"), was awarded a 10-year contract for the operation and maintenance of PREPA’s thermal generation assets with the goal of reducing costs and improving reliability of power generation in Puerto Rico. We receive an annual management fee and are eligible for performance-based incentive fees, beginning after the service period under the contract commenced on July 1, 2023.

La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico– Our La Paz Facility commenced operations in the fourth quarter of 2021. It is an LNG receiving facility located at the Port of Pichilingue in Baja California Sur, Mexico, receiving LNG via ISO containers on an offshore supply vehicle from a nearby vessel. In March 2021, we entered into a gas sales agreement with CFEnergia ("CFE"), a subsidiary of Federal Electricity Commission (Comisión Federal de Electricidad), Mexico’s power utility, for the supply of natural gas to power plants located at Punta Prieta and Coromuel in the State of Baja California Sur ("CFE Plants"), and in the fourth quarter of 2022, we reached an agreement to expand and extend our supply of natural gas to multiple CFE power generation facilities in Baja California Sur. Under an amended gas sales agreement with CFE, we expect to sell approximately 38,000 MMBtu from LNG per day.

The La Paz Facility also supplies our gas-fired power units located adjacent to the La Paz Facility (the “La Paz Power Plant”) and could have a maximum capacity of up to 135MW of power. We placed the La Paz Power Plant into service in the third quarter of 2023.

Puerto Sandino, Nicaragua– We are developing an offshore liquefied natural gas receiving and storage facility off the coast of Puerto Sandino, Nicaragua, as well as an onshore regasification facility (the “Puerto Sandino Facility”). The Puerto Sandino Facility is expected to supply gas to our new approximately 300MW natural gas-fired power plant in Puerto Sandino, Nicaragua (the “Nicaragua Power Plant”) that we will own and operate. We have entered into a 25-year power purchase agreement with Nicaragua’s electricity distribution companies. We expect to utilize approximately 57,000 MMBtu from LNG per day to provide natural gas to the Puerto Sandino Power Plant in connection with the 25-year power purchase agreement. As part of our long-term partnership with the local utility, we are evaluating solutions to optimize power generation efficiency and allow for additional electrical capacity in a market that is underserved. We expect to complete this optimization in 2024.

Barcarena, Brazil– Our terminal in the State of Pará, Brazil (the “Barcarena Facility”)consists of an FSRU and associated infrastructure, including mooring and offshore and onshore pipelines. The Barcarena Facility is capable of processing over one million MMBtu from LNG per day and storing up to 160,000 cubic meters of LNG. We have entered into a 15-year gas supply agreement with a subsidiary of Norsk Hydro ASA for the supply of natural gas to the Alunorte Alumina Refinery in Pará, Brazil, through our Barcarena Facility. We substantially completed our Barcarena Facility in 2022 and expect to commence operations, including delivery to the Alunorte Alumina Refinery in the first half of 2024.

The Barcarena Facility will also supply our new 630MW combined cycle thermal power plant to be located in Pará, Brazil (the “Barcarena Power Plant”). The power plant is fully contracted under multiple 25-year power purchase agreements to supply electricity to the national electricity grid. Construction of the Barcarena Power Plant was greater than 43% complete as of December 31, 2023. We expect to complete the Barcarena Power Plant and begin delivering power to nine committed offtakers for 25 years beginning in 2025.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, we entered into an agreement to acquire a 1.6GW PPA in exchange for newly issued 5% NFE redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series A Convertible Preferred Stock"), closing of which remains subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approval for the transfer of the PPA (the “Barcarena PPA Exchange”). NFE has applied to transfer the 1.6 GW PPA to a site owned by NFE that is adjacent to the Barcarena Facility, where NFE will build a power plant to supply the PPA using gas from the Barcarena Facility. We expect to begin delivering electricity under the acquired PPA in July 2026.

Santa Catarina, Brazil– Our facility in Santa Catarina, Brazil (the “Santa Catarina Facility” and, together with the Barcarena Facility, the "Brazil Facilities") is located on the southern coast of Brazil and consists of an FSRU with a processing capacity of approximately 500,000 MMBtu from LNG per day and LNG storage capacity of up to 138,000 cubic meters. We are developing a 33-kilometer, 20-inch pipeline that will connect the Santa Catarina Facility to the existing inland Transportadora Brasileira Gasoduto Bolivia-Brasil S.A. (“TBG”) pipeline via an interconnection point in the municipality of Garuva. The Santa Catarina Facility and associated pipeline are expected to have a total addressable market of 15 million cubic meters per day. We expect to complete our Santa Catarina Facility and commence operations in the first half of 2024.

Shannon, Ireland– We intend to develop and operate an LNG facility (the “Ireland Facility” and, together with the Jamaica Facilities, the San Juan Facility, the Brazil Facilities, the La Paz Facility and the Puerto Sandino Facility, our “LNG Facilities”) and a power plant on the Shannon Estuary, near Tarbert, Ireland (the “Ireland Power Plant” and, together with the CHP Plant, La Paz Power Plant, Nicaragua Power Plant, Barcarena Power Plant, the “Power Plants,” and together with the LNG Facilities, the “Facilities”). In April 2023, we were awarded a capacity contract for the development of a power plant for approximately 353 MW of electricity generation with a duration of ten years as part of the auction process operated by Ireland’s Transmission System Operator. The power plant is required to be operational by October 2026. In the third quarter of 2023, An Bord Pleanála, Ireland's planning commission, denied our application for the development of an LNG terminal and power plant. We are challenging this decision. The continued development of this project is uncertain and there are multiple risks, including regulatory risks, that could preclude the development of this project.

ZeroParks - In 2020, we formed our Zero division to develop and operate facilities that produce clean hydrogen in an environmentally sustainable manner, and to invest in emerging technologies that enable the production of clean hydrogen to be more efficient and scalable. Our business plan is to build a portfolio of clean hydrogen production sites, each referred to as a ZeroPark, in key regions throughout the United States, utilizing the most efficient and reliable electrolyzer technologies.

Our first clean hydrogen project, known as ZeroPark I, is located in Beaumont, Texas. The ZeroPark I facility is sited within a 10-mile radius of the two largest refineries in the western hemisphere and numerous petrochemical manufacturers, many of which require significant amounts of hydrogen for their businesses. ZeroPark I, as planned, could use up to 200 MW of power, constructed in two distinct phases, each using 100 MW of electrolysis technology. In total, ZeroPark I is expected to produce up to 86,000 kg of clean hydrogen per day, or approximately 31,000 TPA. We have commenced design, engineering and permitting for ZeroPark I and expect to commence operations on the first phase in the first half of 2025. Additionally, we have secured a binding offtake commitment for the clean hydrogen produced at ZeroPark I. Once completed, we expect our Beaumont Facility to be the largest green hydrogen plant in the United States.

LNG Supply

NFE provides reliable, affordable and clean energy supplies to customers around the world that we plan to satisfy through the following sources: 1) our current contractual supply commitments; 2) additional LNG supply contracts expected to commence in 2027 through 2029; 3) our Miami Facility; and 4) our own Fast LNG production. We have secured commitments to purchase and receive physical delivery of LNG volumes for 100% of our committed volumes for each of our downstream terminals inclusive of our Montego Bay Facility, Old Harbour Facility, San Juan Facility, La Paz Facility, Puerto Sandino Facility, Barcarena Facility and Santa Catarina Facility. Additionally, we have a binding contract for LNG volumes from a U.S. LNG facility with a 20-year term, that is expected to commence in 2027 and another 20 year contract with a separate U.S. facility, subject to that facility's FID, expected to commence in 2029. Finally, we plan to commence production from our own Fast LNG facilities in 2024. We plan to expand that capacity when additional Fast LNG units come online.

Geopolitical events have substantially impacted and may continue to impact the natural gas and LNG markets, which have experienced significant volatility in recent years. The majority of our LNG supply contracts are based on a natural gas-based index, Henry Hub, plus a contractual spread. We limit our exposure to fluctuations in natural gas prices as our pricing in contracts with customers is largely based on the Henry Hub index price plus a fixed fee component. Additionally, with our own Fast LNG production, we plan to further mitigate our exposure to variability in LNG prices, and our long-term strategy is to sell substantially all cargos produced to customers on a long-term, take-or-pay basis through our downstream terminals.

Liquefaction Assets

We constructed the Miami Facility, which commenced full commercial operations in 2016. The Miami Facility has one liquefaction train with liquefaction production capacity of approximately 8,300 MMBtu from LNG per day. The Miami Facility also has three LNG storage tanks with total capacity of approximately 1,000 cubic meters. The Miami Facility also includes two separate LNG transfer areas capable of serving both truck and rail.

Fast LNG (FLNG)

We are currently developing multiple modular liquefaction facilities to provide a source of low-cost supply of LNG to customers around the world. We have designed and are constructing liquefaction facilities for our growing customer base that we believe are both faster and more economical to construct than many traditional liquefaction solutions. Our first “Fast LNG,” or “FLNG,” design pairs advancements in modular, midsize liquefaction technology with jack up rigs, semi-submersible rigs or similar marine floating infrastructure to enable a lower cost and faster deployment schedule than other greenfield alternatives. Semi-permanently moored floating storage unit(s) will provide LNG storage alongside the floating liquefaction infrastructure, which can be deployed anywhere there is abundant and stranded natural gas. We are also in discussions with CFE to utilize our FLNG design in an onshore application.

Fast LNG is anchored by key benefits over conventional liquefaction projects. In particular, we believe installing modular equipment in a shipyard will meaningfully expedite timelines. In addition, placing solutions offshore provides greater access to natural gas and optimized marine logistics.

Fast LNG solutions are also flexible from a commercial standpoint, as they can act as tolling facilities (where third parties are the offtaker of the LNG), manufacturing facilities (where we are the offtaker), or a combination of the two. This flexibility enables us to take advantage of numerous opportunities around the world and present the most optimal commercial arrangements for us and our counterparties.

Our initial Fast LNG unit was constructed at the Kiewit Offshore Services shipyard near Corpus Christi, Texas and our new projects are being constructed there as well. The Kiewit facility specializes in the fabrication and integration of offshore projects. In partnership with Kiewit, we believe we have established an efficient and repeatable process to reduce cost and time to build incremental liquefaction capacity. Our first Fast LNG unit has been deployed offshore in Altamira, Mexico, and we expect to deploy additional units over the next two years.

Our Shipping Assets

Our shipping assets include: Floating Storage and Regasification Units ("FSRUs"), Floating Storage Units ("FSUs") and LNG carriers ("LNGCs"), which are either leased to customers under long-term or spot arrangements or commercially operated by us. FSRUs provide offshore storage and regasification capabilities and are generally less costly and substantially faster to deploy compared to the construction and development of land-based LNG regasification and storage facilities. FSUs are floating storage assets, which often provide storage for LNG but are also capable of transporting LNG when required. LNGC's are vessels that transport LNG and are compatible with many LNG loading and receiving terminals globally.

Our shipping assets are included in our two operating segments, Ships and Terminals and Infrastructure. Vessels currently chartered to third parties are included in our Ships segment, and vessels we operate at our Facilities are included in our Terminals and Infrastructure segment. At the expiration of third-party charters of vessels owned by Energos, a joint venture that we formed in 2022 and describe in more detail below, we charter these vessels for our own use through the periods described below in various capacities. We exclude these vessels from our Ships segment and include them in our Terminals and Infrastructure segment once we begin to use the vessels for our own operational purposes. We maintain flexibility to deploy vessels in our Terminals and Infrastructure segment as needed to operate our LNG supply chain and serve our downstream customers.

In August 2022, we completed a transaction (the “Energos Formation Transaction”) with an affiliate of Apollo Global Management, Inc., pursuant to which we transferred ownership of 11 vessels, including six FSRUs, three FSUs and two LNGCs, to Energos in exchange for approximately $1.85 billion in cash and a 20% equity interest in Energos. In connection with the Energos Formation Transaction, we entered into long-term time charter agreements for periods of up to 20 years in respect of ten of the Energos vessels, the terms of which will commence upon the expiration of each vessel’s existing third-party charter. As a result of this arrangement, when existing third-party charters expire between April 2023 and August 2027, those vessels will then be chartered to us by Energos for up to 20-year terms expiring between December 2027 and August 2042. In February 2024, we sold substantially all of our stake in Energos to our joint venture partner.

Set forth below are tables containing additional detail regarding each vessel in our operating segments:

Ships Segment:

1 In December 2023, we entered into an agreement to sell the vessel, Mazo, for $22.4 million; the sale closed in the first quarter of 2024.

Terminals and Infrastructure Segment:

We also lease, own and operate various operating service vessels, tugboats and other vessels to support our global operations.

Our Current Customers

Our downstream customers are, and we expect future customers to be, a mix of power, transportation and industrial users of natural gas and LNG, as well as local power generation, distribution companies, including private and governmental owned or controlled. We seek to substantially reduce our customers’ fuel costs while providing them with a cleaner-burning, more environmentally-friendly fuel source. We also intend to sell power and steam directly to some of our customers. In addition, we provide development services to some customers for the conversion or development of natural gas-fired power generation in connection with long-term agreements to supply natural gas or LNG to the customer.

We seek to enter into long-term take-or-pay contracts to deliver natural gas or LNG. Pricing for any particular customer depends on the size of the customer, purchased volume, the customer’s credit profile, the complexity of the delivery and the infrastructure required to deliver it.

We continue to have significant concentrations in revenue. Revenue from two customers constituted 47% of total revenue in 2023; no other customers comprised more than 10% of our revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue from two significant customers constituted 42% of our total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue from three significant customers constituted 48% of our total revenue.

We have several contracts with government-affiliated entities in the countries in which we operate. In Jamaica, we have gas sales agreements with JPS and SJPC, which have remaining terms of approximately 15 and 16 years, respectively, with mutual options to extend, subject to certain conditions. The Jamaica gas sales agreements represent approximately 50% of Jamaica’s installed power capacity and sales of approximately 79,000 MMBtu from LNG per day at full commercial operations. The aggregate minimum quantities we are required to deliver, and our counterparties are required to purchase, under the Jamaica gas sales agreements initially, total approximately 56,000 MMBtu per day.

In Puerto Rico, we have entered into a fuel sale and purchase agreement with PREPA, pursuant to which we expect PREPA to purchase approximately 68,000 MMBtu from LNG per day in connection with the operation of both Units 5 and 6 of the PREPA San Juan Power Plant. Additionally, starting in 2023 and continuing through the 10-year contractual term, Genera operates and maintains PREPA's thermal generation assets. We receive an annual management fee and are eligible for performance-based incentive fees.

In Mexico, we have entered into a gas sales agreement with CFEnergia for the supply of natural gas to CFE Plants. In Nicaragua, we have entered into a 25-year power purchase agreement with Nicaragua’s electricity distribution companies, some of which are wholly or partially owned or controlled by governmental entities. In Brazil, we have entered into various power purchase agreements with local distribution companies, some of which are wholly or partially owned or controlled by governmental entities.

Competition

In marketing LNG and natural gas, we compete for sales of LNG and natural gas primarily with LNG distribution companies who focus on sales of LNG without our integrated approach which includes development services and power. We also compete with a variety of natural gas marketers who may have affiliated distribution partners, including:

•major integrated marketers whose advantages include large amounts of capital and the ability to offer a wide range of services and market numerous products other than natural gas;

•producer marketers who sell natural gas they produce or which is produced by an affiliated company;

•small geographically focused marketers who focus their marketing on the geographic area in which their affiliated distributor operates; and

•aggregators who gather small volumes of natural gas from various sources, combine them and sell the larger volumes for more favorable prices and terms than would be possible selling the smaller volumes separately.

Despite these competitors, we do not expect to experience significant competition for our LNG logistics services with respect to the Facilities to the extent we have entered into fixed GSAs or other long-term agreements we serve through the Facilities. If and when we have to replace our agreements with our counterparties, we may compete with other then-existing LNG logistics companies for these customers.

In purchasing LNG, we compete for supplies of LNG with:

•large, multinational and national companies with longer operating histories, more development experience, greater name recognition, larger staffs and substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources;

•oil and gas producers who sell or control LNG derived from their international oil and gas properties; and

•purchasers located in other countries where prevailing market prices can be substantially different from those in the United States.

Government Regulation

Our infrastructure business and operations are subject to extensive regulation under federal, state and local statutes, rules, regulations and laws, as well as foreign regulations and laws. These laws require, among other things, consultations with appropriate federal, state and other agencies and that we obtain, maintain and comply with applicable permits, approvals and other authorizations for the siting and conduct of our business. These regulatory requirements increase our costs of operations and construction, and failure to comply with such laws could result in consequences such as substantial penalties and/or the issuance of administrative orders to cease or restrict operations until we are in compliance.

DOE Export

The Department of Energy (“DOE”) issued orders authorizing us, through our subsidiary, American LNG Marketing LLC or its designee, to export up to a combined total of the equivalent of 60,000 mtpa (approximately 3.02 Bcf/yr) of domestically produced LNG by tanker from the Miami Facility to Free Trade Agreement (“FTA”) countries for a 20-year term and to non-FTA countries for a 20-year term under contracts with terms of two years or longer. The 20-year term of the authorizations commenced on February 5, 2016, the date of first export from the Miami Facility. The DOE has also authorized American LNG Marketing LLC or its designee to export LNG from the Miami Facility to FTA and non-FTA countries under short-term (less than two years) agreements or on a spot cargo basis. Any LNG exported under the short-term authorization would be counted toward the quantity authorized under the long-term authorizations. These authorizations from the DOE are only applicable to exports of LNG produced at our Miami Facility, and exports of LNG from a liquefaction facility other than the Miami Facility (such as the Pennsylvania Facility) to FTA and/or non-FTA countries will require us to obtain new authorizations from the DOE.

The DOE issued an order authorizing us, through our subsidiary, NFEnergía LLC, to import LNG from various international sources by vessel at our San Juan Facility up to a total volume equivalent to 80 Bcf of natural gas over the two-year period beginning March 26, 2020 which we did in 2022 and will start the process of renewing it again in 2024. NFEnergía LLC must renew its authorization every two years. Imports of LNG are deemed to be consistent with the public interest under Section 3 of the Natural Gas Act (“NGA”) and applications for such imports must be granted without modification or delay.

FERC Authorization

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) regulates the siting, construction and operation of “LNG terminals” under NGA Section 3. In consultation with our outside counsel and, where appropriate, FERC staff, we have designed and constructed our U.S. facilities so that they do not meet the statutory definition of an “LNG terminal” as interpreted by FERC pursuant to its case law. On March 19, 2021, as upheld on rehearing on July 15, 2021, FERC determined that our San Juan Facility is subject to its jurisdiction and directed us to file an application for authorization to operate the San Juan Facility within 180 days of the order, which was September 15, 2021, but also found that allowing operation of the San Juan Facility to continue during the pendency of an application is in the public interest. The FERC orders were affirmed by the United States Court of the Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on June 14, 2022. In order to comply with the FERC’s directive, on September 15, 2021, we filed an application for authorization to operate the San Juan Facility, which remains pending.

On July 18, 2023, we filed for an amendment to the March 19, 2021 and July 15, 2021 FERC orders allowing the continued operation of the San Juan Facility during the pendency of the formal application to allow us to construct and interconnect 220 feet of incremental 10-inch pipeline needed to supply natural gas for temporary power generation solicited through the Puerto Rico Power Stabilization Task Force. On July 31, 2023, FERC issued an order stating that it would not take action to prevent the construction and operation of the pipeline and interconnect and on January 30, 2024, FERC reaffirmed the order allowing the construction and operation to continue.

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

Many LNG facilities are also subject to regulation by the Department of Transportation (“DOT”), through PHMSA; PHMSA has established requirements relating to the design, installation, testing, construction, operation, replacement and management of “pipeline facilities,” which PHMSA has defined to include certain LNG facilities that liquefy, store, transfer or vaporize natural gas transported by pipeline in interstate or foreign commerce. PHMSA has promulgated detailed, comprehensive regulations governing LNG facilities under its jurisdiction at Title 49, Part 193 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations. These regulations address LNG facility siting, design, construction, equipment, operations, maintenance, personnel qualifications and training, fire protection and security. Variances from these regulations may require obtaining a special permit from PHMSA, the issuance of which is subject to public notice and comment and consultation with other federal agencies, which could result in delays, perhaps substantial in length, to the construction of our facilities where such variances are needed; additionally, PHMSA may condition, revoke, suspend or modify the special permits it issues.

In December 2019, PHMSA granted a special permit to one of our subsidiaries to ship LNG by rail, which would allow us to transport the LNG produced by the Pennsylvania Facility to a port for transloading onto marine vessels. . This special permit expired on November 30, 2021, at which time our subsidiary applied for its renewal. On April 24, 2023, PHMSA issued a decision denying this special permit renewal request. On July 24, 2020, PHMSA issued a final rule authorizing the nationwide transportation of LNG by rail in DOT–113C120W specification rail tank cars, subject to all applicable requirements and certain additional operational controls. The appeal period for the special permit has expired. However, in November 2021, PHMSA issued a proposed rule to rescind the final rule authorizing nationwide transportation. In September 2023, DOT promulgated a rule that suspends authorization of LNG transportation by rail pending the earlier of either completion of a rulemaking evaluating potential modifications to requirements governing tank car transportation of LNG under the Hazardous Materials Regulations at 49 C.F.R. Parts 171-180 or by June 30, 2025, whichever is earlier. We have the ability to transport LNG from our Pennsylvania Facility via truck, and this logistical solution is available to us should we be unable to transport by rail.

Environmental Regulation

Our infrastructure and operations are subject to various international, federal, state and local laws and regulations as well as foreign laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, natural resources and human health. These laws and regulations may require the installation of controls on emissions and structures to prevent or mitigate any potential harm to human health and the environment or require certain protocols to be in place for mitigating or responding to accidental or intentional incidents at certain facilities. These laws and regulations may also lead to substantial penalties for noncompliance and substantial liabilities for incidents arising out of the operation of our facilities. Many of these laws and regulations restrict or prohibit the types, quantities and concentration of substances that can be released into the environment and can lead to substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties for non-compliance.

Other local laws and regulations, including local zoning laws, critical infrastructure regulations and fire protection codes, may also affect where and how we operate.

The costs of compliance with these requirements are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Environmental Regulation in Mexico

Mexican law comprehensively regulates all aspects of the receipt, delivery, importation, exportation, storage commercialization, liquefaction, and regasification of LNG as well as the generation and transmission of electricity in Mexico. Various federal agencies in Mexico regulate these activities including, among others, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of the Navy, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Ministry of Infrastructure, Communication and Transportation, the Energy Regulatory Commission, and the Agency for Safety, Energy & Environment, which issues permits for all activities performed by or in connection with the Mexican hydrocarbon sector. State and local agencies also regulate these activities, issuing permits and authorizing the use of property for such purposes. In order to be able to obtain various permits for construction and operations under Mexican law, the project must first complete environmental and social impact assessments according to the requirements of Mexican law. Each such impact assessment is subject to further evaluation and appeal. Moreover, all hydrocarbon projects must include an environmental risk assessment, which derives from a thorough risk analysis before each different stage, in order to identify potential design and operational hazards. Mexican law allows the governmental entities and, in certain cases, individuals to pursue claims against violators of environmental laws or permits issued pursuant to such laws.

Environmental Regulation in Jamaica

Our operations in Jamaica are governed by various environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are largely implemented through the National Environment and Planning Agency and cover discharges of pollutants, regulation of air emissions, discharges and treatment of wastewater, storage of fuels, and responses to industrial emergencies involving hazardous materials. The level of environmental regulation in Jamaica has increased in recent years, and the enforcement of environmental laws is becoming more stringent. Compliance has not had a material adverse effect on our business, operations, or financial condition, but we cannot assure you that this will be the case in the future. Jamaica is also in the process of developing a law to govern the receipt, storage, processing and distribution of natural gas, as well as requirements for the licensing, construction, and operation of natural gas facilities and transportation.

Environmental Regulation in Nicaragua

The regulation of activities with the potential to impact the environment in Nicaragua are largely regulated by the Natural Resource and Environment Ministry. Nicaragua regulates many areas of environmental protection. In order to obtain various permits for operations, a project must complete environmental and social impact analyses according to Nicaraguan law. While Nicaragua does not currently have any legislation specifically addressing the receipt, handling, and distribution of natural gas, such laws may be passed in the future.

Environmental Regulation in Ireland

The operation of the facilities will be regulated via additional licenses and consents including from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); the Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU); the Health and Safety Authority (HSA); and the Local Planning Authority (Kerry Co. Council (KCC)). Additionally, the Shannon Foynes Port Company (SFPC) has statutory jurisdiction over marine activities. The LNG Terminal and Power Plant will also have to operate within the provisions of a number of codes, such as the EirGrid Transmission Network Grid Code, Single Electricity Market Trading and Settlement Code and GNI Code of Operations. We are in the process of applying for all these necessary permits, licenses and consents to build and complete the Ireland Facility.

The issuance of many of these permits may be subject to administrative or judicial challenges, including by non-governmental groups that act on behalf of citizens. We intend to begin construction of the Ireland Facility after we have obtained planning permission and secured contracts with downstream customers for volumes that are sufficient to support the development of the Ireland Facility.

Environmental Regulation in Brazil

Our operations in Brazil are governed by various environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations cover social and environmental impacts, air emissions, discharges and treatment of residues, and emergency response, among others. According to Brazilian environmental legislation, the environmental licensing for energy generation activities must follow three stages: a Preliminary License that authorizes the design of the project and the location of the enterprise, an Installation License that authorizes the start of the implementation activities and, an Operating License, which authorizes the actual start of the activity. At each stage, specific environmental plans and studies are required to assess and mitigate the impacts on the environment. In addition, other authorizations may be required by environmental authorities on a local (municipal), state and federal level, including, but not limited to, permits to suppress vegetation, authorization for fauna management, and permission to address and/or otherwise mitigate impacts on affected communities, and others.

Environmental Regulation in Puerto Rico

Our operations in Puerto Rico are subject to various Puerto Rico laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, natural resources and human health. Puerto Rico has enacted a number of different statutes and regulations in order to implement the requirements of federal environmental laws on operations on the island. Environmental statutes and regulations are largely implemented by the Puerto Rico Department of Environment and Natural Resources. As part of its operations, our San Juan Facility is required to comply with Clean Water Act requirements for stormwater and Clean Air Act requirements for facility emission sources. These laws and their related regulations require permits for the operation of the facilities and the implementation of mitigation measures to address environmental impacts of facility operations. Additionally, our operations in Puerto Rico are subject to regulation by the Department of Transportation and Public Works (“DTOP”). DTOP has been delegated authority from DOT to regulate both the distribution of natural gas through road transportation and facilities that operate natural gas pipelines. All deliveries of LNG by truck in Puerto Rico are subject to federal requirements for the ISO containers that hold the LNG and for the transport of the LNG by truck. Any expansion or increased stringency of these requirements may increase compliance costs for our operations in Puerto Rico.

U.S. and International Maritime Regulations of LNG Vessels

The International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) is the United Nations agency that provides international regulations governing shipping and international maritime trade. The requirements contained in the International Safety Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (the “ISM Code”) promulgated by the IMO govern the shipping of our LNG cargos and the operations of any vessels we use in our operations. Among other requirements, the ISM Code requires the party with operational control of a vessel to develop an extensive safety management system that includes, among other things, the adoption of a policy for safety and environmental protection setting forth instructions and procedures for operating its vessels safely and describing procedures for responding to emergencies.

Vessels that transport gas, including LNGCs, are also subject to regulation under various international programs such as the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (the “IGC Code”) published by the IMO. The IGC Code provides a standard for the safe carriage of LNG and certain other liquid gases by prescribing the design and construction standards of vessels involved in such carriage, and includes specific air emissions limits, including on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts.

We contract with leading vessel providers in the LNG industry and look to them to ensure that each of our chartered vessels is in compliance with applicable international and in-country requirements. Nevertheless, the IMO continues to review and introduce new regulations and we cannot with any certainty predict what additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO and what effect, if any, such regulation may have on our operations.

Import and Export Control Laws and Regulations

We conduct business throughout the world, and our business activities and services are subject to various applicable import and export control laws and regulations of the United States and other countries, particularly countries in the Caribbean, Latin America, Europe and the other countries in which we seek to do business. We must also comply with trade and economic sanctions laws, including the U.S. Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions regulations maintained by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. For example, in 2018, U.S. legislation was approved to restrict U.S. aid to Nicaragua and between 2018 and 2022, U.S. and European governmental authorities imposed a number of sanctions against entities and individuals in or associated with the governments of Nicaragua and Venezuela. Following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022, U.S. European, U.K. and other governmental authorities imposed a number of sanctions against entities and individuals in Russia or connected to Russia, including sanctions specifically targeting the Russian oil and gas industry. Violations of governmental export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations could result in negative consequences to us, including government investigations, sanctions, criminal or civil fines or penalties, more onerous compliance requirements, loss of authorizations needed to conduct aspects of our international business, reputational harm and other adverse consequences. Moreover, it is possible that we could invest both time and capital into a project involving a counterparty who may become subject to sanctions. If any of our counterparties becomes subject to sanctions as a result of these laws and regulations, changes thereto or otherwise, we may face an array of issues, including, but not limited to, (i) having to suspend our development or operations on a temporary or permanent basis, (ii) being unable to recuperate prior invested time and capital or being subject to lawsuits, or (iii) investigations or regulatory proceedings that could be time-consuming and expensive to respond to and which could lead to criminal or civil fines or penalties.

Anti-corruption Laws and Regulations

We are also subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), the U.K. Bribery Act and local anti-bribery laws, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business and/or other benefits. Some of the jurisdictions in which we currently operate present heightened risks for FCPA issues, such as Nicaragua,

Jamaica, Brazil and Mexico. Furthermore, our strategy has been, and continues to be, dependent in part on our ability to expand our operations in additional emerging markets, including in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Efforts to expand our operations in these markets could expose us to additional risks related to anti-corruption laws and regulations. Although we have adopted policies and procedures that are designed to assist us, our officers, directors, employees and other intermediaries in complying with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws and regulations, developing and implementing policies and procedures is a complex endeavor, particularly given the high level of complexity of these laws and regulations. There is no assurance that these policies and procedures have or will work effectively all of the time or protect us against liability under anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the FCPA, for actions taken by our officers, directors, employees and other intermediaries with respect to our business or any businesses that we may acquire, particularly in high risk jurisdictions.

Suppliers and Working Capital

We expect to continue to supply our downstream customers with LNG and natural gas sourced from a combination of long-term, LNG contracts with attractive terms, purchases on the open market, from our Miami Facility, and when completed, our Fast LNG solutions and Pennsylvania Facility.

Seasonality

Our operations can be affected by seasonal weather, which can temporarily affect our revenues, the delivery of LNG and the construction of our Facilities. For example, activity in the Caribbean is often lower during the North Atlantic hurricane season of June through November, and following a hurricane, activity may decrease further as there may be business interruptions as a result of damage or destruction to our Facilities or the countries in which we operate. The Brazilian electric integrated system is largely dependent on hydro-generated power, which is affected during dry seasons, requiring other sources of power, such as natural gas-fired thermal power station, to dispatch more or less based on the amount of the rainfall during any period. Due to these seasonal fluctuations, results of operations for individual quarterly periods may not be indicative of the results that may be realized on an annual basis. Severe weather in the countries where our Facilities are located may delay completion of our Facilities under development and related infrastructure, adversely affect our operations of our Facilities and affect the markets in which we operate. We are also particularly exposed to the risks posed by hurricanes, tropical storms and their collateral effects, in particular with respect to fleet operations, floating offshore liquefaction units and other infrastructure we may develop in connection with our Fast LNG technology.

Our Insurance Coverage

We maintain customary insurance coverage for our business and operations. Our domestic insurance related to property, equipment, automobile, general liability and workers’ compensation is provided through policies customary for the business and exposures presented, subject to deductibles typical in the industry. Internationally, we also maintain insurance, including policies related to property, equipment, automobile, marine, pollution liability, general liability and the portion of workers’ compensation not covered under a governmental program.

We maintain property insurance, including named windstorm and flood, related to the operation of the Miami Facility, San Juan Facility, the La Paz Facility, and the Jamaica Facilities and builders risk insurance at our Facilities under development.

Human Capital

We had 677 NFE full-time employees and 713 Genera full-time employees as of December 31, 2023. We depend upon our skilled workforce to manage, operate and plan for our business. Recruitment and retention of talent across our company enables growth and innovation across a multitude of corporate initiatives, and this is one of our top priorities.

Our Human Resources team oversees human capital management, including talent attraction and retention, compensation and bonuses, employee relations, employee engagement and training and development in the various countries in which we operate.

Diversity and Inclusion

Our employees are critical to the success of our business. We value the diversity of our workplace and are committed to maintaining culture where our employees feel valued, welcomed and can thrive. We are subject to various federal, state and local laws related to labor and employment, including matters related to workplace discrimination, harassment and unlawful retaliation in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We have developed and published our Code of Business Conduct, which sets out a guideline in connection with these matters and reflects our high expectations for an ethical workplace where employees are treated with dignity and respect. Because labor and employment laws and regulations can differ among the jurisdictions in which we operate, our Code of Business Conduct operates as a guideline for practices, but does not cover every legal aspect in each of our locations.

We are advancing our commitments to diversity and inclusion through the following actions, among others:

•collecting and analyzing diversity data;

•conducting harassment trainings; and

•expanding employee benefits to include additional health programs such as mental health support and medical concierge services.

Employee Health, Safety and Wellness

We are subject to various health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We have developed and published a Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) Strategic Framework, which sets out a guideline in connection with risk management, education/training, emergency response, incident management, performance measurement and other key programmatic drivers. Because health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations can differ among the jurisdictions in which we operate, our HSSE Strategic Framework operates as a guideline for practices, but is not binding or required. We also have developed and published a contractor safety management handbook for our contractors.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we achieved zero employee recordable incidents, lost time incidents or fatalities across our operating sites.

Property

We lease space for our offices in New York, New York, Houston, Texas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Mexico City, Mexico and San Juan, Puerto Rico, and in other regions in which we operate. We own the properties on which our Pennsylvania Facility will be located. Additionally, the properties on which our Facilities, including the CHP Plant and Miami Facility are located are generally subject to long-term leases and rights-of-way. Our leased properties are subject to various lease terms and expirations.

Sustainability

Since our founding in 2014, sustainability has been at the core of our mission and vision. We believe that a sustainable future built on positive energy is the way forward. To advance both our business model and the interests of our stakeholders— including our people, shareholders and investors, partners, the communities we serve, and the wider public—we have established four key sustainability goals: (i) protect and preserve the environment, (ii) empower people worldwide, (iii) invest in communities, and (iv) become a leading provider of very-low-carbon energy. Our sustainability initiatives and investments under each of these goals are highlighted below.

Protect and Preserve the Environment

We are committed to our goal to protect and preserve the environment, and we progress this goal by providing cleaner energy solutions around the world. With our projects, we strive to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy efficiency. By helping our customers convert from traditional fuels such as oil or coal to LNG as their energy source, we seek to reduce air-polluting emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxide (SOx), and fine particulate matter, among others. Moreover, we believe that the use of LNG as a complement to renewable power options is helping the transition to a sustainably-sourced energy future.

Empower People Worldwide

We are committed to our goal to provide access to affordable, reliable, cleaner energy. To that end, we help our customers customize and implement LNG energy solutions designed to lower their energy costs, reduce their environmental footprint, and improve their energy efficiency, either by converting their existing power generation to LNG or by building brand-new gas-fired facilities. In addition, we seek to provide a reliable supply of LNG to our customers, wherever located, through our established, integrated LNG logistics chain.

Invest in Communities

We are committed to our goal to improve lives and support people, especially in the communities where we operate. For example, through our New Fortress Energy Foundation, we seek to strengthen our communities by (i) investing in education to help support the next generation of leaders; (ii) providing industry training programs to help create and sustain a well-equipped workforce; and (iii) giving financially to community causes that enhance quality of life, including reducing poverty, hunger, and inequities. For the year-ended December 31, 2022, we:

•Created 226 jobs with local hires accounting for 89% of new and replacement hires in non-U.S. operating locations;

•Awarded 284 scholarships across five universities in Jamaica and Puerto Rico and covered tuition and exam fees for 100 students in Jamaica;

•Engaged 167 engineering students in tours, internships, and webinars, educating them in LNG and marine transport technology;

•Provided school supplies for 3,237 students in countries where we have operational or development projects;

•Provided medical and dental exams to 540 children across Jamaica and Brazil;

•Donated food and supplies to 900 families across our operational boundaries for the holidays; and

•Provided water, food, and supplies to 600 families affected by natural disasters in Brazil and Puerto Rico.

Toward a Low Carbon Future

As we work to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for our customers around the world, our goals are to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2030 for Scope 1 and 2 emissions for our initial Facilities and be one of the world’s leading providers of low-carbon energy. We believe that natural gas remains a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly complement for intermittent renewable energy, aiding the growth of these technologies. Over time, we believe that hydrogen will play an increasingly significant role in the decarbonization of hard to abate corners of the global economy supporting renewable development and displacing fossil. To that end, we formed a division, which we call ZeroParks, to evaluate promising technologies and pursue initiatives that will position us to capitalize on this emerging industry. The U.S. government is in the process of seeking comment and feedback on the initial guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department in connection with proposed hydrogen production tax credits. The outcome of this consultation process, and the ultimate form of any related legislation, remains uncertain.

Available Information

We are required to file or furnish any annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The SEC maintains an internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC, including this Annual Report, atwww.sec.gov.

We also make available free of charge through our website, www.newfortressenergy.com, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8- K, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference into, and does not constitute a part of, this Annual Report.

Additionally, we have made our annual Sustainability Report and environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) related documents available on our website, www.newfortressenergy.com, to provide more detailed information regarding our human capital programs and initiatives as well as our efforts to manage ESG issues.