Ballys Corp
For the period ended Dec 31, 2023. Filed Mar 15, 2024.
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FY2023 · Filed Mar 15, 2024
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
- GENERAL INFORMATION
Bally’s Corporation (the “Company,” or “Bally’s”) is a global gaming, hospitality and entertainment company with casinos and resorts and online gaming (“iGaming”) businesses. The Company owns and manages the following properties within its Casinos & Resorts reportable segment:
| Casinos and Resorts | Location | Type | Built/Acquired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bally’s Twin River Lincoln Casino Resort (“Bally’s Twin River”) | Lincoln, Rhode Island | Casino and Resort | 2004 |
| Bally’s Arapahoe Park | Aurora, Colorado | Racetrack/OTB Site | 2004 |
| Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Biloxi (“Hard Rock Biloxi”)(2) | Biloxi, Mississippi | Casino and Resort | 2014 |
| Bally’s Tiverton Casino & Hotel (“Bally’s Tiverton”)(2) | Tiverton, Rhode Island | Casino and Hotel | 2018 |
| Bally’s Dover Casino Resort (“Bally’s Dover”)(2) | Dover, Delaware | Casino, Resort and Raceway | 2019 |
| Bally’s Black Hawk(1)(2) | Black Hawk, Colorado | Three Casinos | 2020 |
| Bally’s Kansas City Casino (“Bally’s Kansas City”) | Kansas City, Missouri | Casino | 2020 |
| Bally’s Vicksburg Casino (“Bally’s Vicksburg”) | Vicksburg, Mississippi | Casino and Hotel | 2020 |
| Bally’s Atlantic City Casino Resort (“Bally’s Atlantic City”) | Atlantic City, New Jersey | Casino and Resort | 2020 |
| Bally’s Shreveport Casino & Hotel (“Bally’s Shreveport”) | Shreveport, Louisiana | Casino and Hotel | 2020 |
| Bally’s Lake Tahoe Casino Resort (“Bally’s Lake Tahoe”) | Lake Tahoe, Nevada | Casino and Resort | 2021 |
| Bally’s Evansville Casino & Hotel (“Bally’s Evansville”)(2) | Evansville, Indiana | Casino and Hotel | 2021 |
| Bally’s Quad Cities Casino & Hotel (“Bally’s Quad Cities”)(2) | Rock Island, Illinois | Casino and Hotel | 2021 |
| Tropicana Las Vegas Casino and Resort (“Tropicana Las Vegas”)(2) | Las Vegas, Nevada | Casino and Resort | 2022 |
| Bally’s Chicago Casino (“Bally’s Chicago”)(3) | Chicago, Illinois | Casino | 2023 |
| Bally’s Golf Links at Ferry Point (“Bally’s Golf Links”) | Bronx, New York | Golf Course | 2023 |
(1) Includes Bally’s Black Hawk North Casino, Bally’s Black Hawk West Casino and Bally’s Black Hawk East Casino.
(2) Properties leased from Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (“GLPI”). Refer to Note 17 “Leases” for further information.
(3) Temporary casino facility, as a permanent casino resort is being constructed.
The Company’s International Interactive reportable segment primarily includes the interactive activities in Europe and Asia of Gamesys Group Ltd. (“Gamesys”), an iCasino and online bingo platform provider and operator.
The North America Interactive reportable segment includes a portfolio of sports betting, iGaming, and free-to-play gaming brands, and the North American operations of Gamesys.
- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company, its majority-owned subsidiaries and entities the Company identifies as variable interest entities (“VIEs”), of which the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. The financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into US Dollars (“USD”) using exchange rates in effect at period-end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Adjustments resulting from financial statement translations are reflected as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net income (loss).
Equity Method Investments
On January 1, 2023, the Company and International Game Technology PLC (“IGT”) contributed certain tangible assets and leases to Rhode Island VLT Company, LLC (the “RI Joint Venture”) in exchange for equity interests of the RI Joint Venture. The Company contributed video lottery terminals (“VLTs”) and player tracking equipment to the joint venture for a 40% equity interest of the RI Joint Venture. The 40% ownership in the joint venture qualifies for equity method accounting. In addition to this joint venture, the Company also has other investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries, which are accounted for using equity method accounting. The Company records its share of net income or loss within “Other non-operating income, net” in the consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded net gains on equity method investments of $4.3 million.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company evaluates entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights to determine if it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. An entity is a VIE if it has any of the following characteristics (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support (ii) equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or (iii) the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. The primary beneficiary of the VIE is generally the entity that has (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company consolidates its investment in a VIE when it determines that it is its primary beneficiary.
In determining whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the Company considers qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities and significance of the Company’s investment and other means of participation in the VIE’s expected profits/losses. Significant judgments related to these determinations include estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of assets held by these VIEs and general market conditions.
Management has analyzed and concluded that Breckenridge Curacao B.V. (“Breckenridge”) is a VIE because it does not have sufficient equity investment at risk. The Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE because (a) although the Company does not control all decisions of Breckenridge, the Company has the power to direct the activities of Breckenridge that most significantly impact its economic performance through various contracts with the entity and (b) the nature of these agreements between Breckenridge and the Company provides the Company with the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits based on fees that are based upon off-market rates and commensurate to the level of services provided. The Company receives significant benefits in the form of fees that are not at market and commensurate to the level of services provided. As a result, the Company consolidates all of the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Breckenridge and its subsidiaries in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Breckenridge had total assets of $161.3 million and $93.4 million, respectively, total liabilities of $87.7 million and $77.1 million, respectively, and revenues of $293.3 million, $298.1 million and $79.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The Company may change its original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affect the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary. The Company performs this analysis on an ongoing basis.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments including those related to contingent value rights, the allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, recoverability and useful lives of tangible and intangible long-lived assets, accruals for players club card incentives and for potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought against the Company, fair value of financial instruments, capitalized software development costs, stock compensation and valuation allowances for deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and other relevant factors impacting the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash balances and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Restricted cash includes cash collateral in connection with amounts due to the Chicago Tribune (refer to Note 9 “Property and Equipment”), player deposits, payment service provider deposits, and VLT and table games related cash payable to certain states where we operate, which are unavailable for the Company’s use.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company’s financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consisted of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company maintains cash with financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits, however, management believes the credit risk is mitigated by the quality of the institutions holding such deposits.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 |
| Accounts due from Rhode Island and Delaware(1) | $13,028 | $15,865 |
| Gaming receivables | 26,127 | 19,065 |
| Non-gaming receivables | 37,221 | 42,532 |
| Accounts receivable | 76,376 | 77,462 |
| Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (6,048) | (5,789) |
| Accounts receivable, net | $70,328 | $71,673 |
(1) Represents the Company’s share of VLT and table games revenue for Bally’s Twin River and Bally’s Tiverton due from the State of Rhode Island and from the State of Delaware for Bally’s Dover.
An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined to reduce the Company’s receivables for amounts that may not be collected. The allowance is estimated based on historical collection experience, current economic and business conditions and forecasts that affect the collectability and review of individual customer accounts and any other known information. Activity for the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
| December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Balance at beginning of year | $5,789 | $4,454 | $3,067 |
| Charges to expense | 1,250 | 1,649 | 1,717 |
| Deductions | (991) | (602) | (701) |
| Other adjustments | — | 288 | 371 |
| Balance at end of year | $6,048 | $5,789 | $4,454 |
Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a first-in, first-out basis and consists primarily of food, beverage, promotional items and other supplies.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if applicable. Expenditures for renewals and betterments that extend the life or value of an asset are capitalized and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. The costs and related accumulated depreciation applicable to assets sold or disposed of are removed from the balance sheet accounts and the resulting gains or losses are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease term, if any, as follows:
| Years | |
|---|---|
| Land improvements | 10-20 |
| Building and improvements | 2-50 |
| Equipment | 2-10 |
| Furniture and fixtures | 2-10 |
Development costs directly associated with the acquisition, development and construction of a project are capitalized as a cost of the project during the periods in which activities necessary to prepare the property for its intended use are in progress. Interest costs associated with major construction projects are capitalized as part of the cost of the constructed assets. When no debt is incurred specifically for a project, interest is capitalized on amounts expended for the project using the weighted average cost of borrowing. Capitalization of interest ceases when the project (or discernible portions of the project) is substantially complete. If substantially all of the construction activities of a project are suspended, capitalization of interest will cease until such activities are resumed. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there was $13.6 million, $1.9 million and $0.2 million of capitalized interest, respectively.
Leases
The Company determines if a contract is or contains a lease at the contract inception date or the date in which a modification of an existing contract occurs. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means the lessee has both (i) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use and (ii) the right to direct the use of the identified asset.
Upon adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, (“ASC 842”) the Company elected to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for all classes of underlying assets. Additionally, the Company elected to not recognize short-term leases (defined as leases that are less than 12 months and do not contain purchase options) within the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company recognizes a lease liability for the present value of lease payments at the lease commencement date using its incremental borrowing rate commensurate with the lease term based on information available at the commencement date unless the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable.
Certain of the Company’s leases include renewal options and escalation clauses; renewal options are included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and right of use assets when the Company determines it is reasonably certain to exercise the options. Variable expenses generally represent the Company’s share of the landlord’s operating expenses and consumer price index (“CPI”) increases. Rent expense associated with the Company’s long and short term leases and their associated variable expenses are reported in total operating costs and expenses within the consolidated statements of operations.
The Bally’s Chicago ground lease is accounted for as a financing obligation in accordance with ASC 470, Debtas the transaction did not qualify as a sale under ASC 842. Lease payments are included in “Interest expense, net” within our consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 17 “Leases” for further information.
Goodwill
Goodwill consists of the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed for impairment annually as of October 1st, or when events or changes in the business environment indicate that the carrying value of the reporting unit may exceed its fair value, by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill.
When assessing goodwill for impairment, first, qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Items that are considered in the qualitative assessment include, but are not limited to, the following: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and overall financial performance. If the results of the qualitative assessment indicate it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, a quantitative goodwill test is performed.
For the quantitative goodwill impairment test, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using both income and market-based approaches. Specifically, the Company applies the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method under the income approach and the guideline company under the market approach and weighs the results of the two valuation methodologies based on the facts and circumstances surrounding the reporting unit. For the DCF method, the Company relies on the present value of expected future cash flows, including terminal value, utilizing a market-based weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) determined separately for the reporting unit as of the valuation date. The determination of fair value under the DCF method involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates driven by future gaming activity, operating margins, capital expenditures, working capital requirements, tax rates, terminal growth rates, and discount rates. For the market approach, the Company utilizes a comparison of the reporting unit to comparable publicly-traded companies and transactions and, based on the observed earnings multiples, ultimately selects multiples to apply to the reporting unit. The Company then compares the fair value of its reporting units to the carrying amounts. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment is recorded equal to the amount of the excess (not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit).
Intangible Assets
The Company’s intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationships, developed technology, internally developed software, gaming licenses and trade names. The Company also has a commercial rights intangible asset obtained through the Framework Agreement (as defined herein). Refer to Note 14 “Strategic Partnership - Sinclair Broadcast Group” for further information regarding the Sinclair Broadcast Group (“Sinclair”) commercial rights.
For its finite-lived intangible assets, the Company establishes a useful life upon initial recognition based on the period over which the asset is expected to contribute to the future cash flows of the Company and periodically evaluates the remaining useful lives to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining amortization period. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their remaining useful lives in a pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed, which is generally on a straight-line basis. The Company reviews the carrying amount of its finite-lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Should events and circumstances indicate finite-lived intangible assets may not be recoverable, the Company performs a test for recoverability whereby estimated undiscounted cash flows are compared to the carrying values of the assets. Should the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying value, no impairments are recorded. If the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying values, an impairment is recorded based on the fair value of the asset.
Customer Relationships - The Company considers customer relationships to be finite-lived intangible assets, which are amortized over their estimated useful lives, and are recognized as the result of a business combination.
Developed Technology - Developed technology relates to the design and development of sports betting and casino gaming software and online gaming products acquired through the Company’s acquisitions of the businesses within the International Interactive and North America Interactive segments. Developed technology is considered to be a finite-lived intangible asset, which are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which is generally between three to 10 years.
Internally Developed Software - Software that is developed for internal use is accounted for pursuant to ASC 350-40, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software. Qualifying costs incurred to develop internal-use software are capitalized when (i) the preliminary project stage is completed, (ii) management has authorized further funding for the completion of the project and (iii) it is probable that the project will be completed and perform as intended. These capitalized costs include compensation for employees who develop internal-use software and external costs related to development of internal use software. Capitalization of these costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Once placed into service, internally developed software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally five years. All other expenditures, including those incurred in order to maintain an intangible asset’s current level of performance, are expensed as incurred.
Gaming Licenses and Trade Names - Certain gaming licenses and trade names classified as finite-lived are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company also has certain gaming licenses, including its VLT licenses, and trade names, which are considered to be indefinite lived based on future expectations of operating its gaming properties indefinitely, continuing to brand its corporate name and certain properties under the Bally’s trade name indefinitely and continuing to indefinitely brand its online casino offerings within the International Interactive segment with the trade names acquired through the Gamesys acquisition. Intangible assets not subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment annually as of October 1 and between annual test dates whenever events or changes in circumstances may indicate that the carrying amount of the related asset may exceed its fair value.
Refer to Note 10 “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for further information.
Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, other than goodwill and intangible assets not subject to amortization, for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If an asset is still under development, the analysis includes the remaining construction costs. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds the expected undiscounted future cash flows generated by the asset, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value and an impairment loss is recognized.
Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts
Debt issuance costs and debt discounts incurred by the Company in connection with obtaining and amending financing have been included as a component of the carrying amount of debt in the consolidated balance sheets. Debt issuance costs and debt discounts are amortized over the contractual term of the debt to interest expense. Debt issuance costs of the revolving credit facility are amortized on a straight-line basis, while all other debt issuance costs and debt discounts are amortized using the effective interest method. Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts included in “Interest expense” in the consolidated statements of operations was $11.3 million, $10.9 million and $7.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Self-Insurance Reserves
The Company is self-insured for employee medical insurance coverage, general liability and workers’ compensation up to certain stop-loss amounts. Self-insurance liabilities are estimated based on the Company’s claims experience using actuarial methods to estimate the future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled and that have been incurred but not yet reported. The self-insurance liabilities are included in “Accrued liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets and were$21.0 million and $16.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). The Company has two share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 18 “Equity Plans.” Share-based compensation consists of stock options, time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”). The grant date closing price per share of the Company’s stock is used to estimate the fair value of RSUs and RSAs. Stock options are granted at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the dates of grant. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the individual grants. PSUs vest, when and if earned, in accordance with the terms of the related PSU award agreements. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense based on the target number of shares of common stock that may be earned pursuant to the award and the Company’s stock price on the date of grant and subsequently adjusts expense based on actual and forecasted performance compared to planned targets. Forfeitures are recognized as reductions to share-based compensation when they occur.
Warrant/Option Liabilities
The Company accounts for Penny Warrants and Options in accordance with ASC 815-40, Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The Penny Warrants and Options are classified in equity because they are indexed to the Company’s own stock and meet all conditions for equity classification. The Performance Warrants are accounted for as a derivative liability in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging(“ASC 815”) because the underlying performance metrics represent an adjustment to the settlement amount that is not indexed to the Company’s own stock and thus equity classification is precluded under ASC 815. The Performance Warrants are marked to market each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded in “Other non-operating income (expense), net” in the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 14 “Strategic Partnership - Sinclair Broadcast Group” for further information.
Sequencing Policy
Under ASC 815-40-35, the Company has adopted a sequencing policy to determine equity or asset/liability classification for contracts involving the Company’s own equity that require cash settlement if sufficient shares are not available to settle the contracts in equity. Under this policy, the Company has elected to allocate available shares to contracts based on the order in which they become exercisable.
Revenue
The Company accounts for revenue earned from contracts with customers under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers(“ASC 606”). The Company generates revenue from four principal sources: gaming (which includes retail gaming, online gaming, sports betting and racing), hotel, food and beverage and retail, entertainment and other. Refer to Note 5 “Revenue Recognition” for further information.
Gaming Expenses
Gaming expenses include, among other things, payroll costs and expenses associated with the operation of VLTs, slots and table games, including gaming taxes payable to jurisdictions in which the Company operates outside of Rhode Island and Delaware, and marketing costs directly associated with the Company’s iGaming products and services. These marketing expenses are included within Gaming expenses in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $178.7 million,$174.7 million and $60.8 million, respectively. Gaming expenses also include racing expenses comprised of payroll costs, off track betting (“OTB”) commissions and other expenses associated with the operation of live racing and simulcasting.
Advertising Expenses
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, advertising expense was $19.0 million, $26.8 million and $7.5 million, respectively, and are included in “General and administrative” on the consolidated statements of operations.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net is comprised of interest costs for the Company’s debt, amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts, net of interest income and amounts capitalized for construction projects, realized changes in fair value relating to interest rate derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges and lease payments associated with the Company’s financing obligation.
Income Taxes
The Company prepares its income tax provision in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that the rate change is enacted. A valuation allowance is required when it is “more likely than not” that all or a portion of the deferred taxes will not be realized. The consolidated financial statements reflect expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per common share is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires entities that have issued securities other than common stock that participate in dividends with common stock (“participating securities”) to apply the two-class method to compute basic earnings (loss) per common share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method under which basic earnings (loss) per common share is calculated for each class of common stock and participating security as if all such earnings had been distributed during the period. To calculate basic earnings (loss) per share, the earnings allocated to common shares is divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, contingently issuable warrants and RSUs, RSAs and PSUs for which no future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock (collectively, basic shares).
Foreign Currency
The Company’s functional currency is the US Dollar (“USD”). Foreign subsidiaries with a functional currency other than USD translate assets and liabilities at current exchange rates at the end of the reporting periods, while income and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates for the respective periods. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are recorded to other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurements that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in “Other non-operating income (expense), net” on the consolidated statements of operations.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in equity that result from transactions and economic events from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss), changes in defined benefit pension plan, net of tax, foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains (losses) relating to cash flow and net investment hedges, net of tax.
Treasury Stock
The Company records the repurchase of shares of common stock at cost based on the settlement date of the transaction. These shares are classified as treasury stock, which is a reduction to stockholders’ equity. Treasury stock is included in authorized and issued shares but excluded from outstanding shares.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for its acquisitions in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The Company initially allocates the purchase price of an acquisition to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values, with any excess of consideration transferred recorded as goodwill. If the estimated fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the purchase price, the Company records a gain on bargain purchase in earnings in the period of acquisition. The results of operations of acquisitions are included in the consolidated financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition. Costs incurred to complete the business combination such as investment banking, legal and other professional fees are not considered part of consideration and are charged to general and administrative expense as they are incurred.
Segments
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it recognizes revenues and expenses, and for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is determined using the principles of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is described as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes and defines the inputs to valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1: Observable quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Inputs are observable for the asset or liability either directly or through corroboration with observable market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs.
The inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability are categorized within levels of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement.
Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cross Currency Swaps - The Company uses fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap agreements to hedge its exposure to adverse foreign currency exchange rate movements for its foreign operations. The Company has elected the spot method for designating these contracts as net investment hedges. These derivative arrangements qualify as net investment hedges under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), with the gain or loss resulting from changes in the spot value of the derivative reported in other comprehensive income (loss) with amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated. Refer to Note 11 “Derivative Instruments” for further information.
Interest Rate Contracts - The Company uses interest rate derivatives to hedge its exposure to variability in cash flows on its floating-rate debt to add stability to interest expense and manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The Company’s interest rate swaps and collars are designated as cash flow hedges under ASC 815, with changes in the fair value reported in other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into “Interest expense, net” in the consolidated statements of operations in the same period in which the hedged interest payments associated with the Company’s borrowings are recorded. Refer to Note 11 “Derivative Instruments” for further information.
- CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
General and Administrative Expense
Amounts included in General and administrative for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Advertising, general and administrative | $888,787 | $776,226 | $496,658 |
| Diamond Sports Group non-cash liability(1) | 144,883 | — | — |
| Acquisition and integration | 49,292 | 49,480 | 71,288 |
| Restructuring | 31,014 | — | — |
| Contract termination | — | — | 30,000 |
| Total general and administrative | $1,113,976 | $825,706 | $597,946 |
(1) Refer to Note 22 “Commitments and Contingencies” for further information
Other Non-Operating Income (Expense)
Amounts included in Other non-operating income (expense), net for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Change in value of commercial rights liabilities | $(7,716) | $32,577 | $17,029 |
| Net gain on equity method investments | 4,255 | — | — |
| (Adjustment) gain on bargain purchases | — | (107) | 22,841 |
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | 4,044 | — | (103,007) |
| Foreign exchange (loss) gain | (11,019) | 516 | (33,461) |
| Other, net | (1,750) | 13,706 | 2,066 |
| Total other non-operating (expense) income, net | $(12,186) | $46,692 | $(94,532) |
The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.