Elanco Animal Health Inc

Introduction

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) is intended to assist the reader in understanding and assessing significant changes and trends related to our results of operation and financial position. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes in Item 1 of Part I of this Form 10-Q. Certain statements in this Item 2 of Part I of this Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements. Various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to those discussed in “Forward-Looking Statements” of this Form 10-Q, in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of Part II of this Form 10-Q and in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of Part I of our 2025 Form 10-K, may cause our actual results, financial position and cash flows to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.

Business Overview

Elanco is a global leader in animal health, dedicated to innovating and delivering products and services to prevent and treat disease in farm animals and pets. We partner with farmers, pet owners, veterinarians and society to create value and help our customers improve the health of animals in their care, while also making a meaningful impact on the communities we serve. Our diverse, durable product portfolio is sold in more than 90 countries and serves animals across many species, primarily: dogs and cats (collectively, pet health) and cattle, poultry, swine, and sheep (collectively, farm animal). Our purpose —making life better for animals makes life better — inspires us to Go Beyond for animals, customers, society and our people.

With a heritage dating back to 1954, we operate our business in a single segment within the animal health industry, offering a diverse product portfolio of approximately 200 brands, which helps make us a trusted partner to pet owners, veterinarians and farm animal producers. Our products are generally sold worldwide to third-party distributors and independent retailers and directly to farm animal producers and veterinarians. Our omnichannel presence extends to both the veterinary clinic and retail markets, including e-commerce.

Product Development and Regulatory Update

A key element of our targeted value creation strategy is to drive revenue growth through portfolio development and product innovation. We continue to pursue the development of new chemical and biological molecules, as well as additional registrations and indications for current products. Our future growth and success depend on both our pipeline of new products, including new products we develop internally, with partners or obtain through licenses or acquisitions, and the life cycle management of our existing products. We believe we are an industry leader in animal health R&D, with a track record of successful product innovation, business development and commercialization. Recent new product development, regulatory and product launch highlights include the following:

Zenrelia: We received final FDA approval for Zenrelia®, a JAK inhibitor targeting control of pruritus and atopic dermatitis in dogs, in September 2024. We launched Zenrelia in the U.S. shortly after final approval and have also commercialized Zenrelia in Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Union (EU), Japan and the U.K. Additional reviews are ongoing in other markets.

Credelio Quattro: In October 2024, we received final approval from the FDA for Credelio Quattro®, a monthly chewable tablet for dogs that protects against fleas, ticks, heartworms, roundworms, hookworms and three different species of tapeworms. Credelio Quattro was launched in January 2025 and in December 2025 we also received conditional approval for treatment of the New World screwworm. Credelio Quattro was launched in Australia, Canada and Japan during the second quarter of 2026. Additional submissions have been made in other key markets, including the EU and the U.K.

Befrena: In December 2025, we received final approval from the USDA for Befrena®, a new anti-IL31 monoclonal antibody injection targeting canine allergic and atopic dermatitis. We continue the phased launch of Befrena, which was initiated during the second quarter of 2026.

2026 Q3 Form 10-Q | 20

Other Key Trends and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Restructuring Activities: In December 2025, our Board of Directors authorized a restructuring plan (the 2025 Restructuring Plan) to support margin expansion, optimize our global footprint and further invest in innovation. Specifically, the 2025 Restructuring Plan targeted an expected 2026 closure of the animal studies portion of our R&D facilities in Monheim, Germany, while also expanding our R&D organization in Indianapolis, Indiana, among other changes to our R&D organization. The 2025 Restructuring Plan is also expected to result in our exit from certain farm animal implant products and the related closure of our manufacturing facility in Kansas City, Kansas, in 2026. In total, the 2025 Restructuring Plan is expected to result in a global headcount reduction of approximately 300 employees, with an additional approximately 300 employees whose positions will be replaced with positions in growth areas or in lower-cost geographies.

In connection with the 2025 Restructuring Plan, we incurred charges of$155 million in the fourth quarter of 2025. Expected pre-tax charges associated with the 2025 Restructuring Plan total $25 million to $30 million in 2026, of which$18 million was incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, primarily related to the remaining shut-down costs for our Monheim, Germany, facility. The 2025 Restructuring Plan is expected to result in savings of approximately $25 million in 2026 and approximately $60 million in 2027.

Trade Environment and Other U.S. Government Initiatives: Changes to U.S. trade policy continued throughout the first nine months of 2026. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not provide authority for the President to impose tariffs. Subsequently, new tariffs were imposed under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974; however, these Section 122 tariffs expired on July 24, 2026. Following this expiration, the U.S. government implemented new tariffs under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, which specifically target products associated with forced labor concerns.

On April 2, 2026, the President issued a proclamation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 imposing tariffs on certain imported patented pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. While these tariffs target certain patented pharmaceutical products, the proclamation and subsequent regulatory guidance include significant carve-outs, including for certain animal-health pharmaceutical products. To date, neither these measures nor recent Section 301 tariff announcements have had a material impact on our operations. We continue to monitor ongoing trade developments.

While the ultimate financial impact of these and other decisions cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, we will continue to closely monitor the trade policies in countries in which we operate and/or from which we import products and continue to take actions, where possible, to mitigate the impacts on our business.

As disclosed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors– Tariffs, trade protection measures or other modifications of foreign trade policy may harm us or our customers", of our 2025 Form 10-K, our business is subject to risks related to, among other factors, tariffs, trade and monetary policies and economic conditions and events. We do not believe the previously enacted tariffs had a material impact on our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. However, while animal-health pharmaceutical products are largely exempt from the U.S. tariffs imposed to date, it remains uncertain if this will continue to be the case, and pharmaceutical products are not exempt from all tariffs imposed outside of the U.S. Following the February 2026 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, we filed for refunds of certain IEEPA tariffs previously paid. While the timing and extent of any recoveries remain uncertain, we do not believe the impact of these potential refunds will be material to our business or financial statements.

Further, the U.S. presidential administration has sought to implement significant changes to the size and scope of the federal government. Among these changes, certain previously authorized government incentives focused on the adoption of new products for the sole purpose of sustainability have been frozen or rescinded. As disclosed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors– If the acceptance and/or adoption of our farm animal sustainability initiatives do not continue, our future results may be materially impacted", of our 2025 Form 10-K, we have made significant progress in recent years in gaining acceptance of farm animal sustainability products. However, we believe the adoption rate of Bovaer, one of our farm animal sustainability products, has been tempered given the absence of government incentives focused on such adoption. We continue to monitor the impact these changes are having on our current business and on the adoption ramp of Bovaer, although the potential longer-term impact to us remains uncertain.

Sale of Future Revenue: In May 2025, we executed a PSA with affiliates of Blackstone, pursuant to which we received proceeds of $295 million in exchange for the rights to the proceeds from qualifying future royalties and sales milestone payments owed to us by Tarsus based on their net sales of XDEMVY® (lotilaner ophthalmic solution) 0.25%, a medical treatment for Demodex blepharitis in humans. These net proceeds were utilized to repay previously outstanding debt. See Note 10. Liability for Sale of Future Revenue for further information.

Acquisition and Integration: On April 30, 2026, we completed the acquisition of AHV, along with selected assets of AHV's affiliates necessary for the ongoing operations of the business. AHV is an innovative, farm animal health company incorporated in the Netherlands focused on solutions to improve animal welfare and productivity, while reducing the need for antibiotics. The acquisition of AHV is expected to accelerate our strategy to grow our industry

2026 Q3 Form 10-Q | 21

leadership in farm animal products, particularly for cattle, by expanding our product portfolio, primarily throughout Europe and the U.S. We expect AHV to contribute modestly to revenue in 2026, with a more meaningful impact beginning in 2027 as we integrate the business and realize commercial synergies. This transaction was funded utilizing cash on hand and by borrowing $50 million on our Securitization Facility, which was subsequently repaid during the second quarter of 2026. This acquisition is not expected to materially affect our deleveraging timeline or overall liquidity position.

Macroeconomic Factors: Our operations are exposed to, and impacted by, various global macroeconomic factors, including emerging global armed conflicts and related government responses to them. While our business has not been materially impacted by any such conflicts to date, conflict escalation or prolonged international tensions could result in economic slowdown, volatility in consumer behavior, increased shipping costs or materials costs and/or supply chain disruptions, any one of which could have a material negative impact on our results of operations.

Seasonality: While many of our products are sold consistently throughout the year, we do experience seasonality in our pet health business due to increased demand for certain parasiticide product offerings in the first half of the year. For example, in 2025 approximately 70% and 60% of total annual revenue generated by our higher-margin parasiticide products Seresto and Advantage Family, respectively, occurred during the first half of the year, which is reflective of the flea and tick season in the Northern Hemisphere.