Serina Therapeutics, Inc.

1. Organization, Business Overview and Liquidity

Serina Therapeutics, Inc. was incorporated as AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. in January 2017 in the state of Delaware. On March 26, 2024, AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. (“AgeX”) completed a merger transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of August 29, 2023 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among AgeX, Canaria Transaction Corporation, an Alabama corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of AgeX (“Merger Sub”), and Serina Therapeutics, Inc., an Alabama corporation (“Legacy Serina”), pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Serina, with Legacy Serina surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of AgeX (the “Merger”). Additionally, on March 26, 2024, AgeX changed its name from “AgeX Therapeutics, Inc.” to “Serina Therapeutics, Inc.”. Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, together with its subsidiaries, "Serina" or (the "Company").

Following the consummation of the Merger, the business previously conducted by Legacy Serina became the business conducted by the Company, which is now a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing Legacy Serina’s drug product candidates. The Company’s headquarters are located in Huntsville, Alabama.

The Company is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing a pipeline of wholly-owned drug product candidates to treat neurological diseases and other indications. The Company’s POZ drug delivery technology is designed to enable certain existing drugs and novel drug candidates to be modified in a way that provides the potential to improve the integrated efficacy and safety profile of multiple modalities including small molecules, RNA-based therapeutics, and antibody-based drug conjugates (ADCs). The Company’s proprietary POZ technology is based on a synthetic, water soluble, low viscosity polymer called poly(2-oxazoline) and is engineered to provide greater control in drug loading and more precision in the rate of release of attached drugs delivered via easy-to-administer, long-acting subcutaneous injection.

The therapeutic agents in the Company’s product candidates are typically well-understood and marketed drugs that are effective but are limited by pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles that can include toxicity, side effects and short half-life. The Company believes that by using POZ technology, drugs with narrow therapeutic windows can be designed to maintain more desirable and stable levels in the blood. The Company believes that POZ technology can be applied to small molecules, proteins, antibody drug conjugates, and other classes of molecules.

Liquidity and Going Concern

In addition to general economic and capital market trends and conditions, the Company’s ability to raise sufficient additional capital to finance its operations from time to time will depend on a number of factors specific to the Company’s operations such as operating expenses and progress in out-licensing its technologies and development of its product candidates.

The unavailability or inadequacy of financing to meet future capital needs could force the Company to modify, curtail, delay, or suspend some or all aspects of planned operations. Sales of additional equity securities could result in the dilution of the interests of its stockholders. The Company cannot assure that adequate financing will be available on favorable terms, if at all.

The Company recognized a net loss of $13.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The Company used $11.3 million in net cash from operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and has historically incurred losses from operations and expects to continue to generate negative cash flows as the Company implements its business plan.

Management believes that its cash and cash equivalents of $23.0 million as of June 30, 2026 are not expected to be sufficient to satisfy the Company’s anticipated operating and other funding requirements for the twelve months from the issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. As such, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, technical risks associated with the successful research, development and manufacturing of therapeutic candidates, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Therapeutic drug candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts will require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel, and infrastructure. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize revenue from product sales. The Company expects to largely rely on raising capital from equity investors for funding its operations. Some funding may be obtained through licensing agreements or other arrangements with commercial entities.

As a result of recurring losses from operations and recurring negative cash flows from operations, there is substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively. If sufficient capital is not available, the Company would be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate its product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market therapeutic candidates to other entities. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise additional funds or that the terms and conditions of any future financings will be workable or acceptable to the Company or its shareholders. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements presented herein, and as discussed below, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. In accordance with those rules and regulations, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in comprehensive consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2026 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025 and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2026, as amended on March 27, 2026.

The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The condensed consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year.

Principles of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company established Serina Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd on July 2, 2025, for the purpose of conducting clinical research activities in Australia. For consolidated entities where the Company has less than 100% of ownership, the Company records net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest on the consolidated statement of operations equal to the percentage of the ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. The noncontrolling interest is reflected as a separate element of stockholders’ equity (deficit) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Any material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) at the inception of the arrangement and at each reporting date. This assessment is based on its power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If the entity is within the scope of the variable interest model and meets the definition of a VIE, the Company considers whether it must consolidate the VIE or provide additional disclosures regarding its involvement with the VIE. If the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the Company will consolidate the VIE. This analysis is performed at the initial investment in the entity or upon any reconsideration event. For entities the Company holds as an equity investment that are not consolidated under the VIE model, the Company will consider whether its investment constitutes a controlling financial interest in the entity and therefore should be considered for consolidation under the voting interest model.

NeuroAirmid Therapeutics, Inc. ("NeuroAirmid") was jointly owned by the Company and certain researchers from the University of California and was organized to pursue certain cell therapies, focusing initially on Huntington’s Disease. Until November 2025, the Company owned 47.5% of the outstanding capital stock of NeuroAirmid. The Company consolidated NeuroAirmid despite not having majority ownership interest as it had the ability to influence decision making and financial results through contractual rights and obligations as per Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. On October 28, 2025, a special committee of the Board of Directors approved the Company entering into a stock redemption agreement whereby NeuroAirmid redeemed the shares of NeuroAirmid capital stock held by the Company in exchange for the right to receive 5% of the net revenues recognized by NeuroAirmid in connection with the sale, lease, license, transfer, distribution or use of any products, assets or services of NeuroAirmid developed or commercialized for the purpose of treating Huntington's Disease (the "NeuroAirmid Transaction"). The NeuroAirmid Transaction was completed on November 25, 2025 and NeuroAirmid was subsequently deconsolidated with an immaterial impact on the Company's financial statements.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and (ii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, in each case with consideration given to materiality. Significant estimates and assumptions which are subject to significant judgment include those related to assumptions used to value stock-based awards, liability classified warrants and tranche liability. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.

Foreign currency translation and transactions

The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiary located in Australia is the Australian Dollar. Balance sheets prepared in the functional currencies are translated to the reporting currency at exchange rates in effect at the end of the accounting period, except for stockholders’ equity (deficit) accounts, which are translated at rates in effect when these balances were originally recorded. Revenue and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate during the year. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in earnings as incurred.

Tranche liability

Commitments to issue common stock and warrants in connection with future equity financings are accounted for as outstanding contingently issuable instruments. The contingently issuable instruments are evaluated to determine if they are freestanding and their classification as equity or liability instruments. The Company determined that the contingently issuable instruments are liability classified due to settlement provisions that preclude equity classification. The Company recognizes a tranche liability for these contingently issuable instruments (the “Tranche Liability”) at fair value upon issuance. This Tranche Liability will be remeasured to fair value each reporting period until settled or expired, with a charge or credit to the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), for details.

Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of risk consist principally of cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash deposits in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured financial institutions and may at times hold investments at Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) insured broker-dealers. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of a default by the financial institutions holding our cash, cash equivalents and investments to the extent recorded on the balance sheet.

Product candidates developed by the Company and its subsidiaries will require approvals or clearances from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any of the product candidates being developed or planned to be developed by the Company or its subsidiaries will receive any of the required approvals or clearances. If regulatory approval or clearance were to be denied or any such approval or clearance were to be delayed, it would have a material adverse impact on the Company.

Segment reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business asone operating segment.

Collaboration Agreements

The Company evaluates its contractual arrangements to assess whether such arrangements involve joint operating activities within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements ("Topic 808"). A collaborative arrangement exists if both contractual parties are active participants in the activity and are exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of the activity.

For elements of collaborative arrangements accounted for pursuant to Topic 808, an appropriate recognition method is determined in a manner consistent with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or by applying a reasonable accounting policy election, whereby the income statement classification is based on the nature of the arrangement or its business operations and the contractual terms of the arrangement. Payments or reimbursements resulting from the collaborative arrangement, rather than a customer relationship, such as co-development activities, are recorded as increases or decreases to research and development expense or general and administrative expense, as appropriate.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, to improve disclosures by providing more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The ASU adds a scope exception for certain non-exchange traded contracts whose underlyings are based on operations or activities specific to one party and not based on market rates or prices, indexes, or the price or performance of a financial asset or liability of either party. It also clarifies that share-based noncash consideration from a customer in a revenue contract is within the scope of Topic 606 until the entity’s right to receive or retain such consideration becomes unconditional under that Topic. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted on either a prospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In April 2026, the FASB issued ASU 2026-01-Equity (Topic 505), Initial Measurement of Paid-in-Kind Dividends on Equity-Classified Preferred Stock. The amendments in this ASU clarify how issuers initially measure paid-in-kind ("PIK") dividends on equity-classified preferred stock by requiring issuers to use the PIK dividend rate stated in the preferred stock agreement. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted on either a prospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Selected Balance Sheet Components

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets were as follows (in thousands):

Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses were comprised of the following (in thousands):

4. Related Party Transactions

Common Stock Warrants

The Company previously granted Juvenescence Limited and its affiliates (“Juvenescence”) warrants for the purchase of 129,593 shares of common stock with exercise prices ranging from $20.75 to $25.85 per share. These warrants were issued in connection with drawdowns of loan funds by AgeX from Juvenescence under the 2022 Secured Note and were equity classified. As of June 30, 2026, these warrants had expired. See Note 6, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), for details.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On April 8, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with related parties for a private placement of 965,250 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), at $5.18 per share for net proceeds of $4.9 million. As of June 30, 2026, all Series A Convertible Preferred stock were converted into common stock. See Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit).

2025 Convertible Note and Warrants

On September 9, 2025, the Company entered into an unsecured convertible note (the “2025 Convertible Note”) with a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, providing for aggregate borrowing of up to $20 million in five tranches tied to certain clinical and operational milestones.

Borrowings under the 2025 Convertible Note bear interest at an annual rate of 10%, initially payable in cash on the first anniversary of the initial funding and on a quarterly basis after. The 2025 Convertible Note contains customary events of default, including an additional 2% of default interest following an event of default, and has a maturity date offive years after the initial funding date. The Company can prepay the 2025 Convertible Note at any time with no penalty. The Company is required to repay all obligations outstanding under the 2025 Convertible Note in cash in the event of certain liquidity events or a change of control of the Company, all as defined in the 2025 Convertible Note.

The 2025 Convertible Note is convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of the Company's common stock, at any time until the maturity date at a conversion price of $5.18 per share. The conversion price is subject to standard anti-dilution adjustments.

Borrowings under the 2025 Convertible Note constitute senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to all indebtedness of the Company expressly subordinated to the 2025 Convertible Note, and pari passu in right of payment with all other unsecured indebtedness of the Company. The Company may incur additional indebtedness that is junior to the 2025 Convertible Note without restriction, but may not incur additional indebtedness that is senior or pari passu in right of payment to the 2025 Convertible Note without the prior written consent of the holder.

Under the 2025 Convertible Note, the Company also issued warrants ("Contingent Warrants") for the purchase of shares of the Company's common stock on each funding date in an amount equal to 100% of the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the funds. See Note 6, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), for terms regarding these warrants.

While the Contingent Warrants were not legally issued until the Company drew down on the associated tranches of the 2025 Convertible Note, they were considered to be issued for accounting purposes. As no amounts were drawn as of the effective date of the 2025 Convertible Note agreement, the Contingent Warrants were recorded as Financial Commitment Assets (“FCAs”), corresponding to each of thefive 2025 Convertible Note tranches, at the initial fair value of the Contingent Warrants of $3.7 million, in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined that the Contingent Warrants were liability classified as the number of shares underlying the warrants was variable (see Note 5, Fair Value Measurements, and Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)).

In September 2025, the Company drew down the first tranche of $5.0 million under the 2025 Convertible Note ("First Tranche"), incurring $0.1 million in transaction costs which were accounted for as a debt discount. The Company also reclassified a pro rata portion of the FCA associated with the First Tranche, recorded at the initial warrant fair value of $2.0 million, as a debt discount resulting in the net carrying value of the Convertible Note of $2.9 million and issued 965,251 shares underlying the First Tranche Contingent Warrants.

The Company determined that the First Tranche included a compound embedded derivative related to mandatory redemption features in the event of certain liquidity events or change of control of the Company and contingent interest upon an event of default feature. The fair value of the compound embedded derivative is not material and has not been separately recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As a condition to the initial closing of the March 2026 PIPE (defined below), the Company and the holders of its 2025 Convertible Note, entered into an amendment of such note, effective upon the initial closing, removing any further obligations to borrow or loan funds under the 2025 Convertible Note, other than those related to the outstanding First Tranche loan. In connection with the amendment, the Company remeasured the remaining related contingent warrant liability to fair value immediately prior to extinguishment. The Company derecognized the contingent warrant liability and related undrawn FCA. The net impact was recognized as a loss on extinguishment of financial commitment and contingent warrants in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

March 2026 Securities Purchase

On March 17, 2026, the Company entered into the March 2026 securities purchase agreement (the “March 2026 PIPE”) with a lead investor who is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors and is a lender in the 2025 Convertible Note. In connection with the initial closing of the March 2026 PIPE (“Tranche A”) and the subsequent closing of the March 2026 PIPE ("Tranche B"), the member of the Board of Directors purchased approximately 6.7 million pre-funded warrants and approximately 3.3 million redeemable warrants for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $15.0 million. Upon receiving stockholder approval at the Company's 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in June 2026, all 6.7 million pre-funded warrants were exercised. (See Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)).

5. Fair Value Measurements

The Company's liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of its warrant liabilities,and the Tranche Liability prior to their settlement in the second quarter of 2026. All recurring fair value measurements are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as the valuations are based on significant unobservable inputs. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during the periods presented, other than as described below. The following table presents the Company's liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

Warrant Liabilities

The Company classifies the Contingent Warrants and Merger Warrants (as defined in Note 4, Related Party Transactions, and Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), respectively) as liabilities. At the end of each reporting period, changes in fair value during the period are recognized as a component of other (expense) income, net within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The change in fair value of these warrant liabilities recognized during the three and six months ending June 30, 2026 amounted to $0.1 million and $0.2 million gain, respectively and a $1.0 million and animmaterial loss for the three and six months ending June 30, 2025, respectively. The Company will continue adjusting the warrant liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of a) the exercise or expiration of the warrants or b) when the conditions for equity classification are met, at which time the warrant liabilities will be derecognized. In July 2025, the remaining unexercised Post-Merger Warrants (as defined in Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)) and the corresponding Incentive Warrants expired, resulting in a gain of $0.7 million. In September 2025, in connection with the First Tranche drawdown of the 2025 Convertible Note, the Contingent Warrant related to the First Tranche met equity classification criteria and was remeasured at its estimated fair value of $2.0 million and reclassified to additional paid-in capital. In March 2026, in connection with the March 2026 PIPE, the Company remeasured the remaining Contingent Warrant liability to fair value immediately prior to extinguishment, resulting in a gain of $0.1 million. See Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit).

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Merger Warrant and Contingent Warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following assumptions:

Expected volatility is estimated using the historical volatilities of comparable publicly traded companies over a period equal to the expected term of the warrants if the Company does not have sufficient trading history. The Company estimates the expected term using time to expiration of the warrant. The risk-free interest rate is the yield on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to or approximating the expected term of the warrant.

Tranche Liability

The Company recognized a Tranche Liability for its contingently issuable common shares, pre-funded warrants and redeemable warrants. The Tranche Liability was remeasured to fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized as the change in fair value of tranche liability within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company adjusted the Tranche Liability for changes in fair value until the settlement of the Tranche Liability. See Note 6, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit).

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Tranche Liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the six months ended June 30, 2026 (in thousands):

The Company estimated the fair value of the Tranche Liability using an option pricing model, that considered the probability of issuance of the instruments, and for the contingently issuable redeemable warrants, the probability of exercise of the redemption call option is factored into the expected term. The Company estimated the fair value of the Tranche Liability with the following assumptions:

6. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Increase in Authorized Shares

Effective June 17, 2026, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the Company's First Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation at the Company’s 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, from 40 million shares to 125 million shares.

March 2026 Securities Purchase Agreement

On March 17, 2026, the Company entered into the March 2026 PIPE with certain investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement, shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) and redeemable warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “Redeemable Warrants”, and collectively, the “Securities”). The purchase price for the

Securities in the March 2026 PIPE was $2.25 per share of common stock (or $2.2499 per Pre-Funded Warrant, reflecting a $0.0001 exercise price).

The Pre-Funded Warrants were issued in lieu of common stock to certain investors to satisfy applicable beneficial ownership and stockholder approval requirements. The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Pre-Funded Warrants became exercisable on the later of (i) the date stockholder approval was obtained, or (ii) determined to not be required. The Pre-Funded Warrants will remain outstanding and exercisable until exercised in full. As of June 30, 2026 there are 306,009 Pre-Funded Warrants remained outstanding and unexercised.

Each March 2026 PIPE investor also received a Redeemable Warrant to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to 50% of the common shares or Pre-Funded Warrants purchased in the March 2026 PIPE. The Redeemable Warrants have an exercise price of $5.00 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Redeemable Warrants also became exercisable on the later of the date stockholder approval is obtained, or determined to not be required, and have afour-year term. The Company has the right to call the Redeemable Warrants, in whole or in part, for redemption at a price of $0.01 per underlying share of common stock at any time that the closing price of the Company's common stock equals or exceeds $10.00 per share, subject to adjustment, following the earlier of (i)30 days after the dosing of the first patient in Cohort 2 of the Company’s SER-252 Phase 1b single-ascending dose (SAD) clinical study or (ii) September 30, 2026. Holders will have 30 days from the Company's exercise of the call option to exercise the Redeemable Warrants prior to redemption.

The Pre-Funded Warrants and Redeemable Warrants both also contain customary beneficial ownership limitations and customary anti-dilution adjustments. The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Redeemable Warrants is subject to appropriate adjustments in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting the common stock.

The March 2026 PIPE provided that at the initial closing on or before March 20, 2026, investors would purchase at least an aggregate of $15.0 million of Securities under Tranche A. Investors were also given the right for one or more additional closings of up to an aggregate of $15.0 million under Tranche B (“Tranche B”), with an obligation for investors to purchase at least an aggregate $5.0 million of Securities under Tranche B within 20 days after the closing of Tranche A, with the lead investor obligated to backstop such amount, subject to syndication. Any additional amounts purchased under Tranche B above the $5.0 million were required to be funded within a subsequent 20-day period.

On March 19 and 20, 2026, the investors funded the full $15.0 million of Tranche A, and the Company issued 0.4 million shares of common stock,6.2 million Pre-Funded Warrants and 3.3 million Redeemable Warrants.

On March 23, 2026, the Company completed the first closing of Tranche B and issued 0.4 million shares of common stock and 0.2 million Redeemable Warrants for gross proceeds of approximately $1.0 million. On April 8, 2026, the Company completed a second closing of Tranche B under the March 2026 PIPE and issued 0.1 million shares of common stock,2.2 million Pre-Funded Warrants and 1.2 million Redeemable Warrants for gross proceeds of $5.2 million. The remaining $8.8 million of Securities available under Tranche B expired unexercised in April 2026.

Upon closing, total gross proceeds received under the March 2026 PIPE were $21.2 million. The closing also satisfied the requirements for the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock and any accrued but unissued PIK Shares into shares of the Company's common stock. The conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock was also automatically adjusted to $2.25 per share from $5.18 per share.

In connection with the March 2026 PIPE, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement covering the resale of the registrable securities on May 22, 2026, which was declared effective on June 3, 2026.

On June 17, 2026, pursuant to the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, upon receiving stockholder approval at the Company's 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders,8,161,492 of the Pre-Funded Warrants were promptly net exercised into 8,161,444 shares of common stock as of June 19, 2026.

The Company concluded that the common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants and Redeemable Warrants issued in the Tranche A closing met the conditions for equity classification and, accordingly, were recorded in additional paid-in capital on issuance. The Company determined that the commitment to issue common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants and Redeemable Warrants under Tranche B is liability classified, since the number of Securities issuable varies based on the number of

Securities ultimately purchased by investors. The Company recognized a Tranche Liability at fair value for these contingently issuable instruments, which will be remeasured to fair value each reporting period until settlement or expiration, with a charge or credit to change in fair value of tranche liability in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The remaining proceeds were allocated to the Securities issued in Tranche A and recorded in additional paid-in capital.

Upon issuance of the common stock and Redeemable Warrants under Tranche B on March 23, 2026, the Company concluded that these instruments met the conditions for equity classification as the shares underlying these instruments became fixed. Accordingly, the Company remeasured to fair value the portion of the Tranche Liability related to the instruments issued and reclassified the balance to additional paid-in capital.

As a condition to the initial closing, the Company and the holders of its 2025 Convertible Note, entered into an amendment of such note, effective upon the initial closing, removing any further obligations to borrow or loan funds under the Note. See Note 4, Related Party Transactions.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On April 8, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement for a private placement of 965,250 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), at $5.18 per share for net proceeds of $4.9 million. The Series A Preferred Stock earns cumulative dividends at a rate of 8% per annum that are declared annually beginning on March 31, 2026, and paid in shares of the Company's common stock ("PIK Shares").

The closing of the March 2026 PIPE in April 2026 reduced the Series A Preferred Stock conversion price from $5.18 to $2.25 per share, triggering both the mandatory conversion of all outstanding Series A Preferred Stock and the down-round protection feature under ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. To comply with NYSE American rules, conversion occurred in two tranches: a limited portion converted in May 2026 without stockholder approval, with the remainder converting following stockholder approval obtained at the Company's 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on June 17, 2026. As of June 30, 2026, all Series A Preferred Stock had been converted, resulting in the issuance of approximately 2.3 million shares of common stock. The triggered down-round feature resulted in a deemed dividend of $2.5 million, recorded as a debit and offsetting credit to additional paid-in capital on our accompanying Balance Sheets, with no net impact on total stockholders' equity.

Merger Warrants

In connection with the March 2024 Merger, the Company issued each holder of AgeX common stock three warrants ("Post-Merger Warrants") for each five shares of AgeX common stock held by such stockholder, as well as warrants to purchases shares of its common stock (“Incentive Warrants”). In November 2024, the Company entered into a subsequent transaction with Juvenescence whereby Juvenescence surrendered its outstanding Post-Merger Warrants, including all underlying Incentive Warrants, and the Company would issue warrants to replace the surrendered warrants (“Replacement Incentive Warrants” and together with the Incentive Warrants, the “Merger Warrants”). As of June 30, 2026, Juvenescence held 377,865 Incentive Warrants and 755,728 Replacement Incentive Warrants, and an additional 65 Incentive Warrants were held by other holders (377,930 Incentive Warrants outstanding in total). The Merger warrants have an exercise price of $18.00 per share and expire on March 26, 2028. The Company classifies the Incentive and Replacement Incentive Warrants as liabilities. See Note 5, Fair Value Measurements, regarding accounting for warrant liabilities.

Contingent Warrants

On September 9, 2025, in connection with the 2025 Convertible Note, the Company agreed to issue to the lender Contingent Warrants exercisable into an aggregate of up to 3,861,004 shares of the Company's common stock based on amounts drawn under the note with an exercise price equal to $5.44 per share. See Note 4, Related Party Transactions, for a discussion of the impact of recent FDA communication on the clinical study and achievement of Milestones.

As the number of shares underlying each Contingent Warrant was not fixed and varied depending on the amount drawn under each tranche of the 2025 Convertible Note, the Contingent Warrants did not meet equity classification criteria and were recorded as a warrant liability.

In September 2025, upon the Company's draw down of the First Tranche of the 2025 Convertible Note, the number of shares underlying the First Tranche Contingent Warrants became fixed at 965,251 shares and equity classification criteria were met. Therefore, the Company remeasured the warrant liability related to the first tranche Contingent Warrants to the fair value of $2.0 million, and reclassified the first tranche Contingent Warrants from liabilities to additional paid-in capital.

In March 2026, in connection with the amendment of the 2025 Convertible Note, the remaining Contingent Warrants were extinguished. No liability-classified Contingent Warrants remain outstanding as of June 30, 2026. See Note 4, Related-Party Transactions, and Note 5, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on the Contingent Warrants.

Former AgeX Warrants

During the six months ended June 30, 2026,53,979 Former AgeX warrants expired. As of June 30, 2026, there wereno Former AgeX warrants issued and outstanding. These warrants were issued in connection with drawdowns of loan funds by AgeX from Juvenescence under the 2022 Secured Note and were equity classified.

At-the-Market Offerings

On April 25, 2025, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (the "Sales Agent"), with respect to an ATM program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $13.3 million through the Sales Agent. The Company will pay the Sales Agent a commission up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any shares sold under the Sales Agreement. As of June 30, 2026, the Company has sold 3.6 million shares of its common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $13.2 million.

7. Stock-Based Awards

Equity Incentive Plan Awards

On January 1, 2026, in connection with our Serina 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2024 Incentive Plan") evergreen increase provision,535,478 additional shares were automatically added to the shares authorized under the 2024 Incentive Plan.

On June 17, 2026, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the 2024 Incentive Plan to (i) increase the share reserve by an additional 2 million shares, from 3,210,478 shares to 5,210,478 shares and (ii) revise the evergreen increase mechanism such that the next automatic increase (equal to 5% of outstanding common stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year) will occur beginning on January 1, 2027.

A summary of stock option activity under all plans and related information was as follows (in thousands, except weighted average exercise price):

Stock-based Compensation Expense

During the six months ended June 30, 2026, the weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted was $1.79 per share. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was

$0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants of $8.1 million as of June 30, 2026 is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.4 years.

Stock-based compensation expense has been allocated to operating expenses as follows (in thousands):

8. Income Taxes

The Company maintains a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from its net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. There wereno unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2026 and 2025 that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation – General

The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies in the ordinary course of its business, including those related to litigation, business transactions, employee-related matters, and others. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. If the loss is not probable or the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the claim if the likelihood of a potential loss is reasonably possible and the amount involved could be material. The Company is not aware of any claims likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope under the Company’s agreements with other companies or consultants, typically for the Company’s research and development programs. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company will generally agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse the indemnified parties for losses and expenses suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties arising from claims of third parties in connection with the Company’s research and development. Indemnification provisions could also cover third-party infringement claims with respect to patent rights, copyrights, or other intellectual property licensed from the Company to third parties. Office and laboratory leases will also generally indemnify the lessor with respect to certain matters that may arise during the term of the lease.

10. Net Loss Per Common Share

Net loss per common share is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is calculated for the periods presented as follows (in thousands):

For each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company had net losses. See the following table for all the potential dilutive instruments that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share (in thousands):

Note 11 –Segment Reporting

The Company hasone reportable segment relating to the research and development of its POZ platform.

The Company’s CODM, its Chief Executive Officer and the senior executive leadership team manage the Company’s operations on an integrated basis for the purposes of allocating resources. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM regularly reviews total expenses by specific categories to make informed decisions.

The table below is a summary of the significant segment expenses (in thousands):

(1) Research and development project specific expenses largely consist of costs incurred to develop the Company's lead product candidate, SER 252 (POZ-apomorphine) as well as expenses incurred to develop other small molecules, RNA-based therapeutics and antibody-based drug conjugates ("ADCs").

(2) Research and development non-project specific expenses mainly consist of laboratory expenses and fees paid to outside services.

(3) Compensation includes employee salary and fringe benefits, stock-based compensation and compensation to independent contractors.

(4) General and administrative professional and outside service fees mainly consist of legal, accounting and audit, board, insurance, and SEC filing fees.