Vistra Corp

13. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

Our asset retirement obligations (ARO) primarily relate to nuclear generation plant decommissioning, land reclamation related to lignite mining, remediation or closure of coal ash basins, and generation plant disposal costs. AROs are based on legal obligations associated with enacted law, regulatory, or contractual retirement requirements for which decommissioning timing and cost estimates are reasonably estimable.

The following table summarizes the changes to our current and noncurrent ARO liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(a)For the year ended December 31, 2024, nuclear plant decommissioning accretion includes $74 million of accretion expense recognized in operating costs in the consolidated statements of operations and $56 million reflected as a change in regulatory liability in the consolidated balance sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2023, nuclear plant decommissioning accretion reflected as a change in regulatory liability in the consolidated balance sheets.

(b)Includes non-cash additions to asset retirement costs included in property, plant, and equipment of $52 million and $67 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

For the next five years, Vistra is projected to spend approximately $546 million (on a nominal basis) to achieve itsmining reclamation and other coal ash remediation objectives.

Nuclear Decommissioning AROs

AROs for nuclear generation decommissioning relate to the Comanche Peak plant in ERCOT and the facilities acquired from Energy Harbor which include the Beaver Valley, Perry and Davis-Besse plants in PJM (the PJM nuclear facilities). To estimate our nuclear decommissioning obligations we use a discounted cash flow model which, on a unit-by-unit basis, considers multiple decommissioning methods and are based on decommissioning cost studies, cost escalation rates, probabilistic cash flow models, and discount rates.

As of December 31, 2024, the carrying value of our ARO related to our Comanche Peak nuclear generation facility decommissioning totaled $1.797 billion, which is lower than the fair value of the assets contained in the Comanche Peak NDT of $2.249 billion. The difference between the carrying value of the ARO and the NDT represents a regulatory liability of $452 million recorded to the consolidated balance sheets in other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits since any excess funds in the NDT after decommissioning our Comanche Peak plant would be refunded to Oncor.

The carrying value of our ARO for our PJM nuclear facilities was recorded at fair value on the Merger Date. ARO accretion expense attributable to the PJM nuclear facilities is reflected in operating costs in the consolidated statements of operations. ARO estimates for the PJM nuclear facilities will be evaluated on an individual unit basis at least every five years unless triggering events warrant a more frequent review. Any changes in ARO estimates are recorded as an increase or decrease in ARO liability along with a corresponding change to asset retirement cost asset within property, plant, and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets; however, if the ARO estimate decreases by more than the remaining ARO asset, the balance of the change is recorded as a reduction to operating costs in the consolidated statement of operations.