Brighthouse Financial Inc

Consolidated Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Unless otherwise noted, all amounts in the following discussions of our results of operations are stated before income tax except for adjusted earnings, which are presented net of income tax.

The components of net income (loss) available to shareholders were as follows:

Change in Market Risk Benefits. The change in MRBs reflects changes in the projected value of annuity guaranteed benefits discounted at current risk-free rates, plus a nonperformance risk spread that is locked-in at policy issuance.

Net Investment Gains (Losses). Includes gains and losses on sales of investments, impairments losses and changes in allowances for credit losses.

Net Derivative Gains (Losses), Excluding Investment Hedge Adjustments. We use derivative instruments to minimize exposure to various market risks, including interest rates and equity markets. In addition, the crediting rates associated with index-linked annuities, including Shield Annuities, are classified as embedded derivatives. The change in fair value of derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting and embedded derivatives are recognized in net derivative gains (losses).

Market Value Adjustments. Includes the change in fair value of the crediting rate on experience-rated contracts.

Pre-tax Adjusted Earnings. Adjusted earnings is a financial measure used by management to evaluate performance and facilitate comparisons to industry results.

See “— Non-GAAP Financial Disclosures — Adjusted Earnings” for more information on the items described above.

Income available to shareholders before provision for income tax was $315 million ($286 million, net of income tax), an increase of $1.9 billion ($1.5 billion, net of income tax) from loss available to shareholders before provision for income tax of $1.6 billion ($1.2 billion, net of income tax) in the prior period.

The increase in income before provision for income tax was driven by the following favorable items:

•lower losses from variable annuity guaranteed benefit riders, see “— Annuity Guaranteed Benefits and Shield Annuity Liabilities for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023”; and

•higher pre-tax adjusted earnings, as discussed in greater detail below.

The increase in income before provision for income tax was partially offset by the unfavorable impact of long-term interest rates on interest rate derivatives used to manage interest rate exposure in our ULSG business, as the long-term interest rate increased more in the current period resulting in a loss of $557 million and increased less in the prior period resulting in a loss of $197 million.

The provision for income tax, calculated as a percentage of income (loss) before provision for income tax, resulted in an effective tax rate of 7% in the current period compared to 25% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction, tax credits and current period non-recurring items.