INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES INC
For the period ended Sep 30, 2026. Filed Nov 3, 2026.
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Sep 30, 2026 · Filed Nov 3, 2026
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
- Organization
As used herein, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company” refer to Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and any of our subsidiaries, including IIP Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (our “Operating Partnership”).
We are an internally-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on the acquisition, ownership and management of specialized industrial properties and investments in the life science industry. We intend to pursue investments in debt and equity instruments related to life science properties and acquisitions of properties within the life science industry as a key component of our growth strategy. We may continue expanding our investment activities to include joint ventures, debt or mezzanine financing, preferred or joint venture equity interests, and interests in other real estate funds or REITs. Our properties are primarily leased to experienced, state-licensed operators for their regulated cannabis facilities. We have acquired and intend to continue to acquire our properties through sale-leaseback transactions and third-party purchases. We have leased and expect to continue to primarily lease our properties on a triple-net lease basis, where the tenant is responsible for all aspects of and costs related to the property and its operation during the lease term, including structural repairs, maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance. Outside of the cannabis sector, our leases may include different lease structures that do not require tenants to assume all property-related expenses.
We were incorporated in Maryland on June 15, 2016. We conduct our business through a traditional umbrella partnership real estate investment trust, or UPREIT structure, in which our properties are owned by our Operating Partnership, directly or through subsidiaries. We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership and own, directly or through subsidiaries, 100% of the limited partnership interests in our Operating Partnership.
- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Procedures and Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. They do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.
This interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Any references to square footage or occupancy percentage, and any amounts derived from these values in these notes to the consolidated financial statements, are outside the scope of our independent registered public accounting firm’s review.
Management believes that all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. This interim financial information does not necessarily represent or indicate what the operating results will be for the year ending December 31, 2026.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and assumptions. The most significant estimates and assumptions made include determination of lease accounting and fair value of acquisition of real estate properties.
Reclassification. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassification had no impact on previously reported net income attributable to common stockholders.
Going Concern. As of September 30, 2026, management believes the substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern has been resolved. The going concern conditions that caused substantial doubt no longer exist as the Company repaid in full the $291.2 million principal amount of its Notes due 2026 upon their maturity in May 2026.
Significant Accounting Policies. The consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026, contain a discussion of significant accounting policies. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies other than as listed below.
Exchangeable Notes. Our exchangeable notes are classified as convertible debt instruments recorded as liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 470-20 and are initially recognized at their principal amount, net of issuance costs. Issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the instrument using the effective interest method. We evaluate each instrument to determine its classification as debt or equity and assess whether embedded features, such as conversion options, require bifurcation and separate accounting as derivatives under ASC 815-15. Bifurcation is required if these features are not clearly and closely related to the host contract and do not meet the scope exception criteria under ASC 815-40. Upon conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reduced, and the settlement is accounted for based on the terms of the instrument, which may include issuance of common stock, cash payment, or a combination thereof. Interest expense includes the contractual coupon rate and amortization of issuance costs.
Restricted Cash. At September 30, 2026, restricted cash relates to interest payments and other reserves required by one of our term loans. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total amount shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Cash and cash equivalents | $142,352 | $47,597 |
| Restricted cash | 2,908 | — |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $145,260 | $47,597 |
Concentration of Credit Risk.
Real Estate Investments
Tenant Concentration
As of September 30, 2026, we owned 108 properties located in 19 states and leased to 37 tenants. The ability of any of our tenants to honor the terms of their leases is dependent upon the economic, regulatory, competitive, natural and social factors affecting the community in which that tenant operates.
The following tables set forth the five tenants in our portfolio that represented the largest percentage of our total rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, including tenant reimbursements:
| For the Three Months Ended · For the Three Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | |||
| Number of Leases | Percentage ofRental Revenue | Number of Leases | Percentage ofRental Revenue | |
| Ascend Wellness Holdings, Inc. ("Ascend") | 4 | 13% | 4 | 13% |
| Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. ("Curaleaf") | 8 | 10% | 8 | 9% |
| Green Thumb Industries, Inc. ("Green Thumb") | 3 | 10% | 3 | 9% |
| Trulieve Cannabis Corp. ("Trulieve") | 6 | 9% | 6 | 8% |
| Holistic Industries, Inc. ("Holistic") | 4 | 8% | N/A | N/A |
| The Cannabist Company | N/A | N/A | 21 | 8% |
| For the Nine Months Ended · For the Nine Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | |||
| Number of Leases | Percentage ofRental Revenue | Number of Leases | Percentage ofRental Revenue | |
| Ascend | 4 | 13% | 4 | 12% |
| Green Thumb | 3 | 10% | 3 | 9% |
| Curaleaf | 8 | 9% | 8 | 8% |
| Trulieve | 6 | 8% | 6 | 8% |
| Cresco Labs Inc. ("Cresco") | 5 | 7% | N/A | N/A |
| The Cannabist Company | N/A | N/A | 21 | 8% |
In each of the tables above, these leases include leases with affiliates of each entity, for which the entity has provided a corporate guaranty.
Asset Concentration
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our largest property was located in New York and accounted for 5.8% and 5.5% of our net real estate held for investment, respectively. No other properties accounted for more than 5% of our net real estate held for investment as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Financial Instruments
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, notes and interest receivable, and investments in preferred stock and warrants. Our investments in IQHQ and its affiliates, together with our related unfunded lending commitment, represent a significant concentration of exposure to IQHQ. We monitor this exposure through ongoing credit assessments and portfolio monitoring. See Note 7 "Life Science Investments" for additional information.
We have deposited cash with financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. As of September 30, 2026, we had cash accounts in excess of FDIC insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts.
- Common Stock
As of September 30, 2026, the Company was authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and there were 27,570,861 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.
We have entered into equity distribution agreements withsix sales agents, pursuant to which we may offer and sell from time to time through an “at-the-market” offering program (the “ATM Program”), including on a forward basis, shares of our common stock and preferred stock, including the 9.00% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), up to an aggregate offering price of $500.0 million. See Note 4 “Preferred Stock” for information regarding the sale of Series A Preferred Stock under the ATM Program.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we sold 859,497 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Program for net proceeds of $44.0 million. No shares of common stock were sold pursuant to the ATM Program during the three months ended September 30, 2026 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
In March 2025, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the "Prior Share Repurchase Program") of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s common stock. In March 2026, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program (the "New Share Repurchase Program”) of up to $100.0 million of the Company's common stock. The New Share Repurchase Program replaces the Company's Prior Share Repurchase Program, which expired on March 17, 2026. The New Share Repurchase Program expires on March 4, 2027, and may be extended, suspended, modified or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion. No shares were repurchased and retired during the three months ended September 30, 2026 or 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we repurchased and retired 1,468,542 shares of common stock under the New Share Repurchase Program for $89.0 million, compared to 371,538 shares under the Prior Share Repurchase Program for $20.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
- Preferred Stock
As of September 30, 2026, the Company was authorized to issue up to 75,000,000 shares of preferred stock and had a single class of preferred stock outstanding, the Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and there were 5,666,082 shares issued and outstanding of Series A Preferred Stock. The Company may, at its option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends on such Series A Preferred Stock up to, but excluding, the redemption date. Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights except for limited voting rights if the Company fails to pay dividends for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive) or in connection with customary protective provisions.
No shares of our Series A Preferred Stock were sold pursuant to the ATM Program during the three months ended September 30, 2026, while 246,028 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock were sold pursuant to the ATM program for net proceeds of $5.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we sold 3,646,557 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to the ATM Program for net proceeds of $81.2 million, compared to 805,009 shares for net proceeds of $19.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
In October 2026, the Company completed an offering of Series B Preferred Stock. See Note 15, "Subsequent Events" for additional information.
- Dividends
The following table describes the dividends declared by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2026:
| Declaration Date | Security Class | AmountPer Share | Record Date | DividendPaid Date | DividendAmount |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | |||||
| March 13, 2026 | Common stock | $1.9000 | March 31, 2026 | April 15, 2026 | $54,446 |
| March 13, 2026 | Series A preferred stock | $0.5625 | March 31, 2026 | April 15, 2026 | $2,654 |
| June 15, 2026 | Common stock | $1.9000 | June 30, 2026 | July 15, 2026 | $53,127 |
| June 15, 2026 | Series A preferred stock | $0.5625 | June 30, 2026 | July 15, 2026 | $3,187 |
| September 15, 2026 | Common stock | $1.9000 | September 30, 2026 | October 15, 2026 | $53,127 |
| September 15, 2026 | Series A preferred stock | $0.5625 | September 30, 2026 | October 15, 2026 | $3,187 |
- Investments in Real Estate
Certain acquisitions of real estate did not satisfy the requirements for sale-leaseback accounting and therefore as of both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, acquisitions of $16.8 million have been recognized as notes receivable and are included in other assets, net on our consolidated balance sheets.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, we recognized an impairment loss on real estate of $0.6 million relating to one of our properties in Michigan. No impairment losses were recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized an impairment loss on real estate of $3.5 million related toone of our properties in Palm Springs, California.
Acquired In-Place Lease Intangible Assets
In-place lease intangible assets and related accumulated amortization as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| In-place lease intangible assets | $6,243 | $9,757 |
| Accumulated amortization | (2,516) | (3,391) |
| In-place lease intangible assets, net | $3,727 | $6,366 |
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company wrote off certain in-place lease intangible assets and related accumulated amortization in connection with the termination of the underlying leases.
Amortization of in-place lease intangible assets classified in depreciation and amortization expense in our consolidated statements of income was $1.8 million and $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The weighted-average remaining amortization period of the acquired in-place leases was 7.2 years. As of September 30, 2026, estimated future amortization expense related to acquired in-place lease intangible asset was $0.1 million for the remainder of 2026, $0.5 million annually for 2027 through 2030, and $1.5 million thereafter.
Lease Amendments, Terminations and New Leases
In January 2024, the lease modifications fortwo of our leases to extend the initial term of each lease changed the lease classification from operating lease to sales-type lease that did not satisfy all the criteria for recognition as a completed sale. Accordingly, we continue to recognize the underlying assets within net real estate held for investment and all lease payments received, as well as any future lease payments, will be recognized as a deposit liability and will be included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet until certain criteria are met or the lease is terminated. In August 2026, one of these leases was modified, which among other changes, resulted in a change in lease classification to an operating lease. For the remaining lease, as of September 30, 2026, we have received lease payments of $2.4 million that have been included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The underlying assets’ land and building and improvements had a gross carrying value of $2.3 million and $13.2 million, respectively, and accumulated depreciation of $2.1 million as of September 30, 2026.
During the three months ended September 30, 2026, we terminated 16 leases representing an aggregate of approximately 1.2 million square feet, including three leases representing approximately 467,000 square feet for which we concurrently entered into new leases with different tenants. In addition, we entered into new leases forthree previously vacant properties representing approximately 137,000 square feet.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we terminated 26 leases representing an aggregate of approximately 1.9 million square feet, includingsix leases representing approximately 785,000 square feet for which we concurrently entered into new leases with different tenants. In addition, we entered into new leases forfive previously vacant properties representing approximately 208,000 square feet.
Capitalized Costs
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we capitalized costs of $4.1 million relating to improvements and construction activities at our properties.
Property Dispositions
In April 2025, we sold a property in Michigan for $9.0 million (excluding transaction costs) and provided a secured loan for $8.5 million to the buyer of the property. The loan matures on April 24, 2028 with an option to extend the maturity fortwelve months, conditional on the payment of an extension fee. The loan is interest only and payments are payable monthly in advance. The transaction did not qualify for recognition as a completed sale under GAAP since not all of the criteria were met. Accordingly, we have not derecognized the assets transferred on our consolidated balance sheets. All consideration received, as well as any future payments, from the buyer will be recognized as a deposit liability and will be included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet until such time the criteria for recognition as a sale have been met. As of September 30, 2026, we have received a total of $2.3 million for a loan origination fee and interest. In addition, as we have not met all of the held-for-sale criteria, land and building and improvements with a gross carrying value of $0.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively, and accumulated depreciation of $2.3 million as of September 30, 2026, remain on the consolidated balance sheet, and the buildings and improvements continue to be depreciated.
In May 2026, we sold a property in New York for a contractual sales price of $88.5 million and recognized a gain on sale of real estate of $16.7 million. At closing, the Company received $39.5 million in cash and provided a secured loan for $49.0 million to the buyer of the property (see Note 8 “Loans Receivable”). On October 2, 2026, we received $49.0 million in full repayment of the outstanding principal balance of the seller financing note. The repayment was made without a prepayment penalty, and we haveno remaining principal outstanding under the note.
In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we sold a property in Arizona and a property in Texas for total net proceeds of $5.7 million and recognized a total net loss of $4.4 million.
Future Contractual Minimum Rent
Future contractual minimum rent (including base rent and property management fees) to be received on our leases as of September 30, 2026 for future periods is summarized as follows (in thousands):
| Year | Contractual Minimum Rent |
|---|---|
| 2026 (three months ending December 31) | $56,463 |
| 2027 | 238,357 |
| 2028 | 245,428 |
| 2029 | 249,475 |
| 2030 | 245,477 |
| Thereafter | 1,904,593 |
| Total | $2,939,793 |
Future contractual minimum rent includes payments to be received on one sales-type lease, which will be recognized as a deposit liability and will be included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet until certain criteria are met.
- Life Science Investments
The following table details the carrying value of our life science investments, (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| IQHQ Preferred Stock | $187,412 | $47,430 |
| PIK dividend on IQHQ Preferred Stock | 4,397 | 444 |
| IQHQ Warrants | 17,949 | 5,321 |
| Forward contract for the purchase of IQHQ Preferred Stock | — | 2,562 |
| IQHQ Credit Facility | 97,468 | 96,493 |
| IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan | 108,677 | — |
| PIK interest on IQHQ Credit Facility | 1,513 | 415 |
| Total | $417,416 | $152,665 |
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no impairments or adjustments to the carrying value of the investments in the equity securities of IQHQ as a result of observable price changes and there were no allowances for credit losses with respect to our investment in the IQHQ Credit Facility or the IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan.
The following table details the interest and dividend income included within interest and other income on the consolidated statement of income related to our life science investments, (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended | For the Nine Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | |
| IQHQ Preferred Stock | ||||
| Cash dividend | $4,306 | $— | $7,906 | $— |
| PIK dividend | 2,153 | — | 3,953 | — |
| IQHQ Credit Facility | ||||
| Cash interest | 3,059 | — | 9,043 | — |
| PIK interest | 382 | — | 1,130 | — |
| Non-cash interest | 316 | — | 941 | — |
| IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan | ||||
| Cash interest | 150 | — | 150 | — |
| Non-cash interest | 7 | — | 7 | — |
| Total interest and dividend income on life science investments | $10,373 | $— | $23,130 | $— |
IQHQ Preferred Stock
In August 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with IQHQ, Inc., a private life science real estate investment trust, and certain of its affiliates (collectively "IQHQ"). The Securities Purchase Agreement, together with certain exhibits thereto, set forth the terms under which the Company agreed to: (i) purchase up to $170 million of 15.0% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock of IQHQ (the “IQHQ Preferred Stock”) at a price of $1,000 per share, together with corresponding warrants to purchase common equity units of IQHQ at an exercise price of $0.01 per unit, subject to the satisfaction of certain funding milestones of the IQHQ Preferred Stock; and (ii) provide a $100 million commitment to IQHQ as a member of a lender syndicate under an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “IQHQ Credit Facility”) with an initial term ofthree years, extendable by an additional 12 months upon payment of an extension fee and satisfaction of certain other conditions.
On September 30, 2025, the Company completed the initial purchase of an aggregate of 5,000 shares of IQHQ Preferred Stock for a total investment of $5.0 million. On October 31, 2025, the Company purchased an additional 45,000 shares of IQHQ Preferred Stock for $45.0 million. During the quarter ended June 30, 2026, the Company purchased an additional 120,000 shares of IQHQ Preferred Stock for $120.0 million, fulfilling its initial $170.0 million purchase commitment.
Pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, upon the initial closing, the Company obtained the right to appointone voting member to IQHQ’s board of directors, subject to certain ownership thresholds, and designated Paul Smithers, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, for this role. The Company also entered into a right of first offer letter with IQHQ, granting the Company a contractual right of first offer on certain real estate asset sales of IQHQ.
On September 25, 2026, the Company entered into another securities purchase agreement with IQHQ, pursuant to which the Company acquired an additional 30,000 shares of IQHQ Preferred Stock for $30.0 million, bringing its total investment to 200,000 shares for $200.0 million. The IQHQ Preferred Stock accrues cumulative dividends comprised of (i) a 10.0% annual cash dividend and (ii) a 5.0% paid-in-kind (“PIK”) dividend, with dividends payable quarterly in arrears. The PIK dividend rate increases by 1.25% on each of the fourth and fifth anniversaries of issuance. In the event of a failure by IQHQ to make required redemptions or cash dividend payments, the PIK dividend rate increases by an additional 5.0%, until the failure is cured, subject to a cap on the increase. The IQHQ Preferred Stock ranks senior to IQHQ's common equity and any junior securities, pari passu with its Series E Preferred Stock and other parity securities, and junior to its Series A and Series D-1 Preferred Stock with respect to dividends and liquidation preferences. The IQHQ Preferred Stock is not convertible and carries limited voting rights, except as required by law or with respect to charter amendments that are materially adverse to holder rights. The IQHQ Preferred Stock may be redeemed by IQHQ at any time at the greater of $1,560 per share or the then-current base amount and may also be subject to holder redemption upon a change of control or sale transaction. In connection with the purchase of the IQHQ Preferred Stock, the Company also received warrants (the “IQHQ Warrants”) to purchase common equity units of IQHQ.
IQHQ Credit Facility
In connection with the initial closing under the Securities Purchase Agreement, on September 30, 2025, the Company became a lender under the IQHQ Credit Facility and fully funded its $100.0 million commitment. The IQHQ Credit Facility bears interest at a fixed annual rate of 13.5%, consisting of 12.0% payable in cash and 1.5% PIK, with interest payable quarterly. The IQHQ Credit Facility has an initial maturity on September 30, 2028, with aone-time extension option of up to 12 months, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and payment of a facility extension fee. All obligations under the IQHQ Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed by IQHQ and secured by a first priority pledge of a majority ownership interest in IQHQ Fenway Center, LLC ("IQHQ Fenway") held by an affiliate of IQHQ, which will be subordinate to construction financing obtained for vertical construction. The IQHQ Credit Facility includes customary representations, warranties, and covenants, as well as major decision rights requiring lender approval. IQHQ is required to prepay loans with proceeds from certain asset or equity sales and may voluntarily prepay or reduce commitments subject to specified conditions.
IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan
On September 28, 2026 the Company entered into a $245.0 million commitment to IQHQ as a member of a lender syndicate under the Sixth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Mezzanine Loan Agreement (the “IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan Agreement”) with an initial maturity date of February 9, 2028, extendable by an additional 12 months upon satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions set forth in the IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan Agreement, including among others, payment of an extension fee. The IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan Agreement provides for an increase of the maximum principal amount of the mezzanine loan (the “IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan”) under the IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan Agreement by $267.0 million, bringing the total maximum principal amount of the IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan to $400.0 million, with the Company, through IIP Life Science Investments II LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership providing up to $245.0 million and the existing mezzanine lender providing up to $22.0 million of the loan increase. The IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan Agreement provides for a mezzanine construction loan facility to fund, among other things, the construction and development of Alewife Park, a master-planned, transit-oriented life science campus located on approximately 27 acres in West Cambridge, Massachusetts (the “Alewife Park Property”), including certain tenant improvement work, landlord work and campus amenity, outdoor and infrastructure work related to certain leases of premises at the Alewife Park Property.
As of September 30, 2026, the Company funded $111.0 million of the IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan, which included $2.5 million of retained origination and underwriting fees resulting in a net cash funding of $108.5 million.
The IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan is secured by a pledge of certain IQHQ subsidiaries' interests in the fee owner of the Alewife Park Property. The IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan also has the benefit of a completion guaranty, an environmental guaranty and a guaranty of recourse obligations by IQHQ.
The IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the Applicable Rate (defined below), and interest is calculated by multiplying the daily interest rate based on the Applicable Rate, or the default rate if applicable, by the aggregate principal amount of all mezzanine loans related to the Alewife property and the senior mortgage loan, and then subtracting the amount of interest actually paid by IQHQ-Alewife on the senior mortgage loan for the applicable period and allocating the remainder pro rata between the IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan and the other holders of mezzanine loans related to the Alewife property. The Applicable Rate is a per annum rate equal to the greater of (a)14% per annum and (b) the applicable interest rate benchmark, which is initially the one-month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus a spread of 9.0% per annum (the "Applicable Rate"). The Applicable Rate at September 30, 2026 was 14.0% as SOFR +9.0% was lower than the 14.0% floor. Regular interest is payable monthly. The Company's expected yield is approximately 15.8% over the term of the loan, excluding fee and cost amortization.
- Loans Receivable
Seller Financed Note
In May 2026, we sold a property in New York for a contractual sales price of $88.5 million. At closing, the Company received $39.5 million in cash and provided a secured loan for $49.0 million to the buyer of the property (the "Seller Financed Note"). The Seller Financed Note is recorded at the amount of the loan outstanding andno allowance for credit losses has been recorded as of September 30, 2026. Interest income on the Seller Financed Note is recognized on an accrual basis and is included in interest and other income in our consolidated statements of income. On October 2, 2026, we received $49.0 million in full repayment of the outstanding principal balance of the seller financing note. See Note 15 "Subsequent Events" for additional details.
Construction Loan
In June 2021, we executed a secured construction loan agreement with a developer, pursuant to which we agreed to lend up to $23.0 million for the development of a regulated cannabis cultivation and processing facility in California (the "Construction Loan"). We have an option to purchase the property, and may execute a negotiated lease with an affiliate of the developer or with another third party, if we determine to exercise our purchase option. As of both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had funded $22.8 million of the Construction Loan. The Construction Loan is recorded at the amount funded andno allowance for credit losses has been recorded as of September 30, 2026. Interest income on the Construction Loan is recognized on a cash basis and is included in interest and other income in our consolidated statements of income. The borrower exercised the option to extend the maturity date to December 31, 2026.
- Debt
The following table details the gross principal amounts and total net carrying value of our debt instruments (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Exchangeable notes | $402,500 | $— |
| Revolving credit facilities | 187,500 | 102,500 |
| Term loans | 121,561 | — |
| Notes due 2026 | — | 291,215 |
| Total gross principal amount of debt instruments | 711,561 | 393,715 |
| Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs | (15,602) | (613) |
| Carrying value of debt instruments | $695,959 | $393,102 |
The following table details the cash and non-cash interest expense included within interest expense on the consolidated statement of income related to our debt instruments (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Exchangeable notes | ||||
| Cash coupon | $6,038 | $— | $7,044 | $— |
| Amortization of issuance cost | 1,086 | — | 1,230 | — |
| Revolving credit facilities | ||||
| Cash coupon | 1,819 | 75 | 5,804 | 75 |
| Amortization of issuance cost | 227 | 117 | 658 | 349 |
| Term loans | ||||
| Cash coupon | 2,495 | — | 4,150 | — |
| Amortization of issuance cost | 232 | — | 913 | — |
| Cash coupon | — | $4,004 | 6,387 | 12,089 |
| Amortization of issuance cost | — | 368 | 601 | 1,082 |
| Gross interest expense | 11,897 | 4,564 | 26,787 | 13,595 |
| Less: capitalized interest | (77) | (39) | (188) | (126) |
| Interest expense | $11,820 | $4,525 | $26,599 | $13,469 |
Exchangeable Notes, net
On June 15, 2026, our Operating Partnership issued $402.5 million of 6.00% exchangeable senior notes due 2029 (the “Exchangeable Notes”) in a private offering, including the exercise in full of the initial purchasers' option to purchase additional notes. The Exchangeable Notes are senior unsecured obligations of our Operating Partnership, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by us and are exchangeable by the holder for cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our Operating Partnership's option, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the stated maturity date. The initial exchange rate for the Exchangeable Notes is 14.4113 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Exchangeable Notes and the initial exchange price is $69.39 per share of our common stock. The initial exchange rate and initial exchange price are subject to adjustment for customary anti-dilution provisions and certain other specified events. The exchange rate and exchange price remained unchanged as of September 30, 2026. The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning December 15, 2026 until maturity on June 15, 2029. Our Operating Partnership does not have the right to redeem the Exchangeable Notes prior to maturity, but may be required to repurchase the Exchangeable Notes from holders under customary fundamental change events.
The Company incurred approximately $14.0 million of issuance costs in connection with the issuance of the Exchangeable Notes, inclusive of $2.5 million of additional advisory fees paid in the three months ended September 30, 2026 in connection with the original issuance. The amortization of the debt issuance costs is recognized as a non-cash component of interest expense over the term of the Exchangeable Notes. The effective interest rate, including the amortization of debt issuance costs, was 7.54%.
Term Loans, net
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company entered into several new term loan facilities with various lenders. These term loans are secured by, among other things, certain mortgages and security interests in the real and personal properties, certain assignments of leases and rents, and certain deposit accounts maintained with the lenders.
The following table summarizes the key terms, outstanding principal balances and carrying values of term loans outstanding as of September 30, 2026 (dollar amounts in thousands):
| Term Loan | Closing Date | Original Principal | Principal Outstanding | Net Carrying Value | Interest Rate | Effective Interest Rate | Maturity Date | Payment type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Term Loan #1 | Apr-26 | $20,000 | $19,854 | $19,474 | 9.00% | 10.18% | Apr-29 | Principal and interest |
| Term Loan #2(1) | May-26 | 56,500 | 49,730 | 48,472 | SOFR + 5% | 9.84% | May-29 | Interest only |
| Term Loan #3 | May-26 | 44,860 | 44,692 | 43,759 | 6.67% | 7.57% | Jun-31 | Principal and interest |
| Term Loan #5 | Jun-26 | 7,300 | 7,285 | 7,005 | 7.50% | 8.51% | Jun-31 | Principal and interest |
| Total | $128,660 | $121,561 | $118,710 | |||||
(1)The loan hastwo, one-year extension options that may extend the maturity through May 2031. SOFR is subject to a floor of 3.75%. On August 5, 2026 we repaid $6.8 million of the loan, reducing the outstanding principal balance to $49.7 million as of September 30, 2026. The loan also requires the Company to maintain a minimum net worth of $120.0 million and liquid assets with a market value of at least $12.0 million. As of September 30, 2026, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
The Company hadno Term Loans outstanding as of December 31, 2025.
Revolving Credit Facilities
Revolving Credit Facility
In October 2023, our Operating Partnership entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with a federally regulated commercial bank, as lender and as agent for lenders that become party thereto from time to time, which was originally scheduled to mature on October 23, 2026. The Loan Agreement initially provided $50.0 million in aggregate commitments for secured revolving loans (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), the availability of which is based on a borrowing base consisting of real properties owned by subsidiaries (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) of the Operating Partnership that satisfy eligibility criteria set forth in the Loan Agreement. The obligations of the Operating Partnership under the Loan Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, and are secured by certain assets of the Company. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate based on the greater of the prime rate and an applicable margin based on deposits with the participating bank(s) and a stipulated interest rate. At September 30, 2026, the interest rate was 9.0%. The Revolving Credit Facility is subject to an unused line of credit fee, calculated in accordance with the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement is subject to certain liquidity and operating covenants and includes customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The Loan Agreement also allows the Operating Partnership, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, to request additional revolving loan commitments up to a specified amount. In November 2024, our Operating Partnership entered into an amendment to the Loan Agreement, pursuant to which the aggregate commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility were increased from $50.0 million to $87.5 million. As of September 30, 2026, the outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility were $87.5 million. On October 21, 2026, our Operating Partnership entered into an amendment to the Loan Agreement, which extended the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility from October 23, 2026 to January 21, 2027. See Note 15 "Subsequent Events" for additional details.
IIP Life Science Credit Facility
In October 2025, our Operating Partnership and IIP Life Science Investments LLC ("IIP Life Science") entered into a loan agreement with a federally regulated commercial bank, as agent for the lenders that become party thereto from time to time (the “IIP Life Science Credit Facility”). Under the IIP Life Science Credit Facility, our Operating Partnership has a revolving line of credit available up to $100.0 million until the maturity date on October 3, 2028. The IIP Life Science Credit Facility includes an accordion feature under which the revolving line of credit may be increased up to an aggregate of $135.0 million, under certain conditions, including obtaining additional lender commitments. The availability of credit at any given time under the IIP Life Science Credit Facility is subject to, among other things, the amount of collateral available and a borrowing base formula based upon the value of eligible investments in certain securities and an eligible loan receivable. All obligations under the IIP Life Science Credit Facility are secured by substantial assets of the loan parties, including the Company’s investment through IIP Life Science in the IQHQ Preferred Stock, the IQHQ Warrants, and the IQHQ Credit Facility. Borrowings under the IIP Life Science Credit Facility bear interest on the outstanding daily balance at a rate of interest per annum equal to the greater of (i) the one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), as administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration, plus 2.0% and (ii)6.10%. As of September 30, 2026, the outstanding borrowings under our IIP Life Science Credit Facility were $100.0 million.
The IIP Life Science Credit Facility contains a liquidity covenant and a debt service coverage ratio covenant, which requires that the ratio of the Company’s consolidated EBITDA to debt service costs not be less than 2.0 to 1.0, measured as of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Company was in compliance with those covenants as of September 30, 2026.
Notes due 2026, net
In May 2021, our Operating Partnership issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Notes due 2026”). In connection with the issuance of the Notes due 2026, we recorded $6.8 million of issuance costs, which were amortized using the effective interest method and recognized as non-cash interest expense over the term of the Notes due 2026. The effective interest rate including amortization of issuance costs was 6.03%.
In February 2025, we made early partial repayments at a discount totaling $8.7 million on the Notes due 2026, reducing the principal balance by $8.8 million. Following the partial repayment, all other terms and conditions of the debt agreement remained unchanged.
In April 2026, we made early partial repayments at a discount totaling $9.1 million on the Notes due 2026, reducing the principal balance by $9.1 million from $291.2 million to $282.1 million. Following the partial repayment, all other terms and conditions of the debt agreement remained unchanged.
The Notes due 2026 matured on May 25, 2026 and were repaid in full.
The following table summarizes the contractual principal payments on our outstanding indebtedness as of September 30, 2026 (in thousands):
| Year | Amount |
|---|---|
| 2026 (three months ending December 31) | $87,798 |
| 2027 | 1,238 |
| 2028 | 101,321 |
| 2029 | 472,140 |
| 2030 | 1,036 |
| Thereafter | 48,028 |
| Total | $711,561 |
- Net Income Per Share
Grants of restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) of the Company in share-based payment transactions are considered participating securities prior to vesting and, therefore, are considered in computing basic earnings per share under the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method for calculating earnings per share when a company’s capital structure includes either two or more classes of common stock or common stock and participating securities. Earnings per basic share under the two-class method is calculated based on dividends declared on common shares and other participating securities (“distributed earnings”) and the rights of participating securities in any undistributed earnings, which represents net income remaining after deduction of dividends accruing during the period. The undistributed earnings are allocated to all outstanding common shares and participating securities based on the relative percentage of each security to the total number of outstanding participating securities. Earnings per basic share represents the summation of the distributed and undistributed earnings per share class divided by the total number of shares.
Through September 30, 2026, all of the Company’s participating securities received dividends or dividend equivalents at an equal dividend rate per share or unit. As a result, distributions to participating securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 have been included in net income attributable to common stockholders to calculate net income per basic and diluted share. The shares necessary to settle the Exchangeable Notes under the if-converted method were anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and were excluded in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
Computations of net income per basic and diluted share (in thousands, except share and per share data) were as follows:
| For the Three Months Ended · For the Nine Months Ended | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 30, · September 30, | |||||||
| 2026 · 2025 · 2026 · 2025 | |||||||
| Net income | $31,895 | $29,305 | $108,556 | $86,406 | |||
| Preferred stock dividends | (3,187) | (1,017) | (9,028) | (2,676) | |||
| Distribution to participating securities | (1,148) | (741) | (3,281) | (2,246) | |||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders used to compute net income per share (basic and diluted) | $27,560 | $27,547 | $96,247 | $81,484 | |||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||
| Basic | 27,356,738 | 27,912,881 | 27,928,270 | 28,036,179 | |||
| Restricted stock and RSUs | 604,891 | 390,719 | 536,939 | 365,884 | |||
| Diluted | 27,961,629 | 28,303,600 | 28,465,209 | — | 28,402,063 | ||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders per share: | |||||||
| Basic | $1.01 | $0.99 | $3.45 | $2.91 | |||
| Diluted | $0.99 | $0.97 | $3.38 | $2.87 | |||
- Fair Value
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Accounting guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets accessible to the Company at the measurement date.
Level 2—Observable inputs for the asset or liability, whether observed directly or indirectly, excluding quoted prices classified within Level 1.
Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability and reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing it, including assumptions about risk.
The following tables present the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, together with their classifications within the fair-value hierarchy at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| Carrying Value · Fair Value Hierarchy Level | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3 | ||||
| Assets | ||||
| IQHQ Credit Facility | $98,981 | $— | $— | $98,981 |
| IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan | 108,677 | — | — | 108,526 |
| Seller Financed Note | 49,000 | — | — | 49,000 |
| Construction Loan | 22,800 | — | — | 30,164 |
| Notes receivable (1) | 16,786 | — | — | 16,786 |
| Total assets | $296,244 | $— | $— | $303,457 |
| Liabilities | ||||
| Exchangeable Notes | $389,749 | $— | $406,143 | $— |
| Term Loans | 118,710 | — | — | 118,710 |
| Revolving Credit Facilities | 187,500 | — | 187,500 | — |
| Total liabilities | $695,959 | $— | $593,643 | $118,710 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy Level | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrying Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |
| Assets | ||||
| IQHQ Credit Facility | $96,908 | $— | $— | $96,908 |
| Construction Loan | 22,800 | — | — | 29,997 |
| Notes receivable (1) | 16,786 | — | — | 16,786 |
| Total assets | $136,494 | $— | $— | $143,691 |
| Liabilities | ||||
| Notes due 2026 | $290,602 | $— | $288,644 | $— |
| Revolving Credit Facilities | 102,500 | — | 102,500 | — |
| Total liabilities | $393,102 | $— | $391,144 | $— |
(1)Notes receivable relate to certain acquisitions of real estate which did not satisfy the requirements for sale-leaseback accounting (see Note 6 “Investments in Real Estate” for more information).
The IQHQ Credit Facility and IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan are included in life science investments, the Seller Financed Note and the Construction Loan are included in loans receivable, and notes receivable are included in other assets, net on our consolidated balance sheets. The IQHQ Preferred Stock is excluded from fair value leveling due to the Company's election of the ASC 321 measurement alternative. Refer to Note 7 "Life Science Investments" for additional information.
The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, interest receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate their fair values.
The fair value of the IQHQ Credit Facility, IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan, Seller Financed Note, Construction Loan, Term Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities were estimated based on discounted cash flow models with estimated market yields for instruments with similar terms and credit risk. The fair value of the Exchangeable Notes was estimated using third-party pricing based on observable market inputs.
- Common Stock Incentive Plans
Our Board of Directors adopted the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) to enable us to motivate, attract and retain the services of directors, employees and consultants considered essential to our long-term success. The 2016 Plan was terminated in June 2026 and was replaced with the 2026 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2026 Plan") upon stockholders' approval. Under the terms of the 2026 Plan, the aggregate number of shares of our common stock subject to options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and other awards, will be no more than 1,250,000 shares. Any equity awards that lapse, expire, terminate, are canceled or are forfeited (including forfeitures in connection with satisfaction of tax withholding obligations of the recipient) are re-credited to the 2026 Plan’s reserve for future issuance. The 2026 Plan will automatically terminate in June 2036.
A summary of the restricted stock activity under both the 2016 Plan and 2026 Plan (together the "Incentive Plans") and related information for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 is included in the table below:
| RestrictedStock | Weighted-AverageGrant Date FairValue | |
|---|---|---|
| Balance at December 31, 2025 | 109,591 | $80.61 |
| Granted | 113,937 | $49.85 |
| Vested | (28,355) | $78.07 |
| Forfeited(1) | (18,680) | $103.65 |
| Balance at March 31, 2026 | 176,493 | $58.72 |
| Granted | 44,529 | $59.77 |
| Vested | (6,291) | $57.23 |
| Balance at June 30, 2026 | 214,731 | $58.99 |
| Granted | 380 | $56.83 |
| Vested | (380) | $56.83 |
| Forfeited(1) | (868) | $58.54 |
| Balance at September 30, 2026 | 213,863 | $58.99 |
(1)Shares that were forfeited to cover the employees’ tax withholding obligation upon vesting or upon employee's cessation of employment.
The remaining unrecognized compensation cost of $8.6 million for restricted stock awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of 2.0 years as of September 30, 2026. The fair value of restricted stock that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was $2.7 million.
The following table summarizes our RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. RSUs are issued as part of the Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), which allows a select group of management and our non-employee directors to defer receiving certain of their cash and equity-based compensation. RSUs are subject to vesting conditions of the Deferred Compensation Plan and have the same economic rights as shares of restricted stock under the Incentive Plans:
| RestrictedStock Units | Weighted-AverageGrant Date FairValue | |
|---|---|---|
| Balance at December 31, 2025 | 280,555 | $104.19 |
| Granted | 87,366 | $49.85 |
| Vested and converted to common stock, net | (17,633) | $85.72 |
| Forfeited(1) | (9,258) | $75.35 |
| Balance at March 31, 2026 | 341,030 | $92.01 |
| Granted | 49,404 | $59.68 |
| Balance at June 30, 2026 and September 30, 2026 | 390,434 | $87.92 |
(1)Shares that were forfeited to cover employee's tax withholding obligation upon distribution from the Deferred Compensation Plan.
The remaining unrecognized compensation cost of $8.3 million for RSU awards is expected to be recognized over an amortization period of 1.9 years as of September 30, 2026.
- Commitments and Contingencies
Improvement Allowances. As of September 30, 2026, we had $6.2 million of commitments related to improvement allowances, which generally may be requested by the tenants at any time up until a date that is near the expiration of the initial term of the applicable lease.
IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan Commitment. At September 30, 2026, gross principal outstanding on the IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan was $111.0 million which included $2.5 million of retained origination and underwriting fees, aggregate cash disbursements were $108.5 million, and $134.0 million remained available under the commitment, subject to contractual funding conditions.
Environmental Matters. We follow the policy of monitoring our properties, both targeted acquisition and existing properties, for the presence of hazardous or toxic substances. While there can be no assurance that a material environmental liability does not exist, we are not currently aware of any environmental liabilities that would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow, or that we believe would require disclosure or the recording of a loss contingency.
Litigation.
Class Action Lawsuits
On April 25, 2022, a federal securities class action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its officers. The case was named Michael V. Mallozzi, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated v. Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Paul Smithers, Catherine Hastings and Andy Bui, Case No. 2-22-cv-02359, and was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. On September 25, 2024, the district court dismissed the action with prejudice, and on October 15, 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed the dismissal. On October 29, 2025, the appellant filed a petition for rehearing en banc, which was denied on November 13, 2025. Plaintiff did not file a petition for writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court. This action is concluded.
On January 17, 2025, a second federal securities class action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its officers. The case was named Alain Giraudon, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated v. Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Alan D. Gold, Paul E. Smithers, David Smith and Ben Regin, Case No. 1:25-cv-00182-RDB, and was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland. The lawsuit was purportedly brought on behalf of purchasers of our common stock and alleges that we and certain of our officers made false or misleading statements regarding our business in violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), SEC Rule 10b-5, and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. According to the filed complaint, the plaintiff is seeking an undetermined amount of damages, interest, attorneys’ fees and costs and other relief on behalf of the putative classes of all persons who acquired shares of the Company’s common stock between February 27, 2024, and December 19, 2024.
On June 23, 2025, a Consolidated Class Action Complaint was filed under the same Case Number, adding Catherine Hastings as a defendant, and asserting causes of action under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. According to the Consolidated Class Action Complaint, the plaintiff is seeking an undetermined amount of damages, interest, attorneys’ fees and costs and other relief on behalf of the putative classes of all persons who acquired shares of the Company’s common stock between February 26, 2024 and March 28, 2025. On August 22, 2025, defendants moved to dismiss the Consolidated Class Action Complaint, and on October 21, 2025, plaintiff responded with their opposition to defendants’ motion to dismiss. On November 20, 2025, defendants filed a reply in support of their motion to dismiss. On May 27, 2026, the district court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the operative complaint without prejudice. On June 26, 2026, plaintiff filed its Second Amended Class Action Complaint. On August 10, 2026, defendants moved to dismiss the Second Amended Class Action Complaint, and on September 24, 2026, plaintiff filed its opposition to defendants’ motion to dismiss. On October 23, 2026, defendants filed a reply in further support of their motion to dismiss. The motion is fully briefed and remains pending.
It is possible that similar lawsuits may yet be filed in the same or other courts that name the same or additional defendants. We intend to defend the lawsuit vigorously. However, at this time, we cannot predict the probable outcome of this action, and, accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Derivative Action Lawsuits
Five derivative lawsuits were filed related to the Mallozzi federal securities class action discussed above. Four of those derivative actions, two filed in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland and two filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, were voluntarily dismissed in October 2025 and February 2026 and are concluded. The remaining derivative action related to the Mallozzi class action is described below.
On May 9, 2024, a fifth derivative action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. The case was named Gary A Gedig, derivatively on behalf of Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. v. Paul Smithers, Catherine Hastings, Ben Regin, Andy Bui, Tracy Hager, Alan Gold, Gary A. Kreitzer, Mary Curran, Scott Shoemaker, M.D., and David Stecher, and Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Civil No. C-24-CV-24-000130, and filed in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland. Plaintiff and defendants in this action filed a Joint Stipulation to Stay the Proceedings, which was granted on July 30, 2024. On April 23, 2026, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss this derivative action. Plaintiff filed his opposition to the motion to dismiss on June 22, 2026, and defendants filed their reply in further support of the motion on July 22, 2026. This derivative action relates to the same allegations as those made in the Mallozzi class action, detailed above, and remains pending.
On February 12, 2025, a derivative action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. The case was named Joshua Steffens, derivatively on behalf of Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. v. Alan Gold, Paul Smithers, David Smith, Ben Regin, Gary Kreitzer, Gary Stecher, Scott Shoemaker, Mary Allis Curran, and Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Case Number 1:25-cv-00456-ABA, and was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. The lawsuit asserts putative derivative claims for violations of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and contribution against the directors and certain officers of the Company. The plaintiffs are seeking an undetermined amount of damages, interest, an accounting and constructive trust, punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On February 18, 2025, the case was reassigned and given Case Number 1:25-cv-00456-GLR. On February 19, 2025, the United States Court for the District of Maryland consolidated Case Nos. 1:25-cv-00469-BAH (detailed below) with case number 1:25-cv-00456-GLR as the lead case, which is stayed. Plaintiff and defendants in this action filed a Joint Stipulation and Order Staying the Consolidated Action, which was granted on March 13, 2025. This derivative action relates to the same allegations as those made in the Giraudon class action, detailed above.
On February 13, 2025, a derivative action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. The case was named Joshua Albers, derivatively on behalf of Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. v. Alan Gold, Paul Smithers, David Smith, Ben Regin, Gary Kreitzer, Gary Stecher, Scott Shoemaker, Mary Allis Curran, and Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Case Number 1:25-cv-00469-BAH, and was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. The lawsuit asserts putative derivative claims for violations of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and contribution against the directors and certain officers of the Company. The plaintiffs are seeking an undetermined amount of damages, interest, reform, punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On February 19, 2025, the United States Court for the District of Maryland consolidated Case Nos. 1:25-cv-00469-BAH with case number 1:25-cv-00456-GLR as the lead case. This derivative action also relates to the same allegations as those made in the Giraudon class action, detailed above, and was stayed pending resolution of the Giraudon motion to dismiss, by a March 13, 2025, Court order.
On August 14, 2025 and August 21, 2025, two derivative action lawsuits were filed against the Company and certain of its officers and directors in the Circuit Court for Baltimore County, Maryland: Joann Crepaz, derivatively on behalf of Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. v. Alan Gold, David Boyle, Mary Curran, Catherine Hastings, Gary Kreitzer, Ben Regin, Scott Shoemaker, David Smith, Paul Smithers, David Stecher, and Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Case Number C-03-CV-25-003997, and Edward Ramos, derivatively on behalf of Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. v. Alan Gold, David Boyle, Mary Curran, Catherine Hastings, Gary Kreitzer, Ben Regin, Scott Shoemaker, David Smith, Paul Smithers, David Stecher, and Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Case Number C-03-CV-25-004083. Each complaint asserts putative derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment against certain directors and officers and seeks an undetermined amount of damages, reform, restitution, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On September 18, 2025, the parties filed a joint motion to consolidate the actions, which the court granted on October 23, 2025, designating the Crepaz action as the lead case. These derivative actions relate to the same allegations as those asserted in the Giraudon class action described above and were stayed pending resolution of the Giraudon motion to dismiss, by an order of the Circuit Court of Baltimore County, Maryland that was issued on February 10, 2026.
On November 19, 2025, a derivative action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. The case was named James Loen, derivatively on behalf of Nominal Defendant Innovative Industrial Properties v. Alan Gold, Paul Smithers, David Smith, Ben Regin, Gary Kreitzer, Scott Shoemaker, Catherine Hastings, David Stecher, and Mary Curran, Case Number 1:25-cv-03786, and was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. The lawsuit asserts putative derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment against the directors and certain officers of the Company. The plaintiff is seeking an undetermined amount of damages, reform, restitution, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On January 23, 2026, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiff’s claims. On February 3, 2026, the defendants filed a motion to consolidate the Loen lawsuit with the Steffens and Albers consolidated action, 1:25-cv-00456. On February 17, 2026, the parties filed a Joint Stipulation and Order Staying Action pursuant to which the parties agreed to stay the lawsuit until the resolution of the Giraudon class action. The Court granted the motion on February 20, 2026. The stay can be lifted before then by either party with 30 days’ notice.
On October 6, 2026, a derivative action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors in the Circuit Court for Baltimore County, Maryland. The case was named Shawn Thomas, derivatively on behalf of Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. v. Paul Smithers, Alan Gold, Catherine Hastings, David Smith, Ben Regin, Scott Shoemaker, Mary Curran, David Stecher, Gary Kreitzer, and Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc., Case Number C-03-CV-26-004707. The plaintiff is seeking an undetermined amount of damages, reform of corporate governance and internal procedures, restitution and disgorgement, equitable and injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees and costs. This derivative action relates to allegations substantially similar to those asserted in the Giraudon class action described above.
The Company intends to vigorously defend each of these lawsuits. However, at this time, the Company cannot predict the probable outcome of these actions, and, accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
SEC Investigation
On February 13, 2026, the Company was notified that the SEC is conducting a formal investigation of the Company concerning matters generally similar to those alleged in the Giraudon case and related derivative lawsuits. On the same date, the Company received a subpoena from the Denver Regional Office of the Division of Enforcement of the SEC requesting the production of documents and information related to the investigation. The Company intends to cooperate fully with the SEC.
We may, from time to time, be a party to other legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of our business. Although the results of these proceedings, claims, inquiries, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the final outcome of these matters is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Regardless of final outcomes, however, any such proceedings, claims, inquiries, and investigations may nonetheless impose a significant burden on management and employees and may come with significant defense costs or unfavorable preliminary and interim rulings. At this stage of the investigation, the Company believes that a loss is neither probable nor estimable.
- Segment Information
Our reportable segments consist of the following as of September 30, 2026:
Cannabis Portfolio Segment, which primarily includes the acquisition, development and redevelopment, and leasing of real estate properties to regulated cannabis operators on a long-term triple-net basis.
Life Science Portfolio Segment, which includes the investments in the IQHQ Credit Facility, IQHQ Alewife Mezzanine Loan, IQHQ Preferred Stock and IQHQ Warrants.
The chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is our President and Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates the performance of each reportable segment and allocates resources based on segment net income. Items that are not directly assignable to a reportable segment are reflected as Unallocated, consistent with how our CODM utilizes segment information for planning and execution of our business strategy. Total capital expenditures are reviewed by the CODM on a consolidated basis as presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. All of our operations are conducted within the United States.
The segment net income, including significant segment expenses that are regularly reviewed by the CODM, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, and the total segment assets as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, are presented in the tables below (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended · For the Nine Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 30, | September 30, | |||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Cannabis Portfolio Segment | ||||
| Rental revenues (including tenant reimbursements) | $64,743 | $64,292 | $196,553 | $198,855 |
| Other revenues | 177 | 393 | 678 | 443 |
| Total reportable segment revenue | 64,920 | 64,685 | 197,231 | 199,298 |
| Property expenses | 6,939 | 7,951 | 21,711 | 22,197 |
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 19,572 | 18,639 | 56,955 | 55,530 |
| Impairment loss on real estate | 567 | — | 567 | 3,527 |
| Gain (loss) on sale of real estate, net | — | — | 12,269 | — |
| Interest and other income | 2,595 | 3,675 | 4,466 | 5,045 |
| Cannabis Portfolio Segment net income | 40,437 | 41,770 | 134,733 | 123,089 |
| Life Science Portfolio Segment | ||||
| Interest and other income | 10,373 | — | 24,388 | — |
| Life Science Portfolio Segment net income | 10,373 | — | 24,388 | — |
| Total reportable segment net income | 50,810 | 41,770 | 159,121 | 123,089 |
| Unallocated | ||||
| General and administrative expense | 8,458 | 8,681 | 26,526 | 25,768 |
| Interest and other income | 1,363 | 741 | 2,560 | 2,554 |
| Interest expense | (11,820) | (4,525) | (26,599) | (13,469) |
| Net income | 31,895 | 29,305 | 108,556 | 86,406 |
| Preferred stock dividends | (3,187) | (1,017) | (9,028) | (2,676) |
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $28,708 | $28,288 | $99,528 | $83,730 |
| Segment Total Assets | September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Cannabis Portfolio Segment | $2,085,136 | $2,165,359 |
| Life Science Portfolio Segment | 417,416 | 152,665 |
| Unallocated | 148,163 | 52,834 |
| Total | $2,650,715 | $2,370,858 |
- Subsequent Events
On October 2, 2026, we received $49.0 million in full repayment of the outstanding principal balance of the seller financing note. The note was originated in connection with our May 2026 sale of the property located in Perth, New York. The repayment was made without a prepayment penalty, and we haveno remaining principal outstanding under the note.
On October 19, 2026, we completed an underwritten public offering of 2,167,500 shares of our 9.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, which amount includes 167,500 shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ partial exercise of their overallotment option, at a public offering price of $25.00 per share. The offering generated gross proceeds of approximately $54.2 million before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.
On October 21, 2026, our Operating Partnership entered into an amendment to our Revolving Credit Facility, which extended the maturity date from October 23, 2026 to January 21, 2027. The amendment did not modify the aggregate commitments, interest rate, borrowing base or covenants under the Revolving Credit Facility.
In October 2026, we executed a new lease for our 270,000 square foot property in Saxton, Pennsylvania, contingent upon receipt of applicable cannabis license transfer approvals.
The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.