Crexendo Inc

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

**Description of Business –**Crexendo, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Nevada. As used hereafter in the notes to consolidated financial statements, we refer to Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” or “our Company.” Crexendo, Inc. is an award-winning software technology company that is a premier provider of cloud communication platform software and unified communications as a service (UCaaS) offerings, including voice, video, contact center, and managed IT services tailored to businesses of all sizes. Our cloud communications software solutions currently support over five million end users globally, through an extensive network of over 235 cloud communication platform software subscribers and our direct retail offering. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Software Solutions.

**Basis of Presentation –**The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, which include Allegiant Networks, LLC, Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc., NetSapiens, LLC, Crexendo Business Solutions of Virginia, Inc., NSHC, Inc., NetSapiens Canada, Inc., NetSapiens International Limited and Crexendo International, Inc. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These consolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of our Company.

*Foreign Currency Translation -***The functional currency of our international subsidiaries is the local currency. We translate assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is their local currency, at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. We translate revenue and expenses at the monthly average exchange rates. We include accumulated net translation adjustments in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Due to changes in exchange rates between reporting periods and changes in certain account balances, the foreign currency translation adjustment will change from period to period. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded foreign currency translation gains/(losses) of ($6), and $21, respectively, in our statements of comprehensive income (loss).

**Cash and Cash Equivalents –**We consider all highly liquid, short-term investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $17,501 and $9,587, respectively.

**Trade Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses –**Trade receivables from our cloud telecommunications services and software solutions segments are recorded at invoiced amounts. Trade receivables are generally due within 30 days after the invoice date. We provide an allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience, the age of the receivables, specific troubled accounts and other currently available information.

The allowance for credit losses is determined based on an assessment of historical collection experience using the aging schedule method as well as consideration of current and future economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our trade receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary.

**Equipment Financing Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses –**Equipment financing receivables are comprised of sales-type leases. Sales-type leases are from financing options provided to clients for cloud telecommunications equipment (IP or cloud telephone desktop devices) and are generally due in installments over periods ranging from three to five years.

We provide an allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, current economic conditions and outlook based on reasonable and supportable forecasts. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary. Equipment financing receivables are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our equipment financing receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.

**Contract Assets and Allowance for Credit Losses–**Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date. The Company recognizes a contract asset when the Company transfers products or services to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional.

The allowance for credit losses is determined based on an assessment of historical collection experience using the loss-rate method as well as consideration of current and future economic conditions and changes in our loss-rate trends. We utilize a five-year lookback period to establish our estimate of expected credit losses, as our contractual terms range from three to five years. Contract assets are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our contract assets credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary.

**Contract Costs –**Contract costs primarily relate to incremental commission costs paid to sales representatives and sales leadership as a result of obtaining software solutions and telecommunication service contracts which are recoverable. The Company capitalized contract costs in the amount of $4,810 and $3,618 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Capitalized commission costs are amortized based on the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate which typically range from thirty-six to sixty months and are included in selling and marketing expenses. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company amortized $2,468 and $1,720, respectively, and there was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized.

**Inventory –**Finished goods telecommunications equipment inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (first-in, first-out method). In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we regularly evaluate whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. If net realizable value is less than cost, the write-down is recognized as a loss in earnings in the period in which the excess occurs.

**Property and Equipment –**Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to allocate the cost of depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives ranging from two to five years. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease. Depreciable lives by asset group are as follows:

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss on disposition is reflected in the statement of operations.

**Asset Acquisitions –**Periodically we acquire customer relationships that we account for as an asset acquisition and record a corresponding intangible asset that is amortized over its estimated useful life. Any excess of the fair value of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities is allocated on a relative fair value basis. No goodwill is recorded in an asset acquisition. If the fair value of the assets acquired exceeds the initial consideration paid as of the date of acquisition but includes a contingent consideration arrangement and ASC 450 and ASC 815 do not apply to contingent consideration, we analogize to the guidance in ASC 323 on recognizing contingent consideration in the acquisition of an equity method investment. The Company recognizes a liability equal to the lesser of, the maximum amount of contingent consideration or the excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired over the initial cost measurement. In accordance with the requirements of ASC 323 for equity method investments, the Company recognizes any excess of the contingent consideration issued or issuable, over the amount that was initially recognized as a liability, as an additional cost of the asset acquisition. If the amount initially recognized as a liability exceeds the contingent consideration issued or issuable, the entity recognizes that amount as a reduction of the cost of the asset acquisition.

**Business Acquisitions -**We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires that the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, of the acquisition be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent the Company identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. We include the results of all acquisitions in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Acquisition related transaction costs, such as banking, legal, accounting and other costs incurred in connection with an acquisition, are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expenses.

**Goodwill –**We have recorded goodwill related to various business acquisitions. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. In each of our acquisitions, the objective of the acquisition was to expand our product offerings and customer base and to achieve synergies related to cross selling opportunities, all of which contributed to the recognition of goodwill. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Items that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect key assumptions used in estimating fair value include but are not limited to: sustained decline in our stock price due to a decline in our financial performance due to the loss of key customers, loss of key personnel, emergence of new technologies or new competitors; and decline in overall market or economic conditions leading to a decline in our stock price.

The process of estimating the fair value of goodwill is subjective and requires the Company to make estimates that may significantly impact the outcome of the analysis. A qualitative assessment considers events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company specifications. If after performing this assessment, the Company concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company must perform the quantitative test. Under the quantitative test, a goodwill impairment is identified by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, goodwill is considered impaired and an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.

Impairment assessment inherently involves management judgments regarding a number of assumptions. The reporting unit fair value also depends on the future strength of the U.S. economy. New and developing competition as well as technological change could also adversely affect future fair value estimates. Due to the many variables inherent in the estimation of a reporting unit’s fair value and the relative size of the Company’s recorded goodwill, differences in assumptions could have a material effect on the estimated fair values. For further information, see Note 8 (Intangible Assets and Goodwill).

**Intangible Assets –**Our intangible assets consist of customer relationships, developed technologies, trademarks and trade name. The intangible assets are amortized following the patterns in which the economic benefits are consumed or straight-line over the estimated useful life. We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The determination of impairment is based on estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If an intangible asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will be equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset. There was no impairment of intangible assets identified for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Amortizable intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful lives as follows:

**Contract Liabilities –**Our contract liabilities consist primarily of advance consideration received from customers for telecommunications contracts. The product and monthly service revenue is recognized on completion of the implementation and the remaining activation fees are reclassified as contract liabilities.

**Use of Estimates –**In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported periods. Specific estimates and judgments include valuation of goodwill and intangible assets in connection with business acquisitions and asset acquisitions, allowances for doubtful accounts, uncertainties related to certain income tax benefits, valuation of deferred income tax assets, valuations of share-based payments, annual incentive bonuses accrual, recoverability of long-lived assets and intangible assets, and product warranty liabilities. Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on our expectations that are believed to be reasonable. The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material.

**C****ontingencies –**The Company accrues for claims and contingencies when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, the Company reviews each of its matters and, where it is probable that a liability has been or will be incurred, it accrues for all probable and reasonably estimable losses. Where the Company can reasonably estimate a range of losses it may incur regarding such a matter, it records an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes its best estimate. If the Company can reasonably estimate a range but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, it uses the amount that is the low end of such range.

**Service, Software Solutions and Product Revenue Recognition –**Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised services, software solutions or products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services and excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when we determine there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered and undelivered elements can impact the timing of revenue recognized but does not change the total revenue recognized on any agreement. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. For more detailed information about revenue, see Note 2.

**Cost of Service Revenue –**Cost of service revenue includes cloud telecommunications services. Cloud telecommunications cost of service revenue primarily consists of fees we pay to third-party telecommunications and broadband Internet providers, costs of other third-party services we resell, personnel and travel expenses related to system implementation, and customer service.

**Cost of Software Solutions Revenue –**Cost of software solutions revenue consists primarily of royalties and other fees paid to third parties whose technology or products are sold as part of the Company’s products, direct costs to manufacture and distribute products, direct costs to provide product support and professional support services, direct costs associated with delivery of the Company’s software offerings, and amortization expense related to developed technology intangible assets.

**Cost of Product Revenue –**Cost of product revenue primarily consists of the costs associated with the purchase of desktop devices and other third-party equipment we purchase for resale.

**Product Warranty –**We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time we recognize revenue. We evaluate our warranty obligations on a product group basis. Our standard product warranty terms generally include post-sales support and repairs or replacement of a product at no additional charge for a specified period of time. We base our estimated warranty obligation upon warranty terms, ongoing product failure rates, and current period product shipments. If actual product failure rates, repair rates or any other post-sales support costs were to differ from our estimates, we would be required to make revisions to the estimated warranty liability. Warranty terms generally last for the duration that the customer has service. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, actual warranty costs were approximately 0.7% and 0.9% of prior year net product revenue, respectively. The annual warranty provision for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately 1.0% and 0.9% of current year net product revenue, respectively.

**Contingent Consideration –**Contingent consideration represents deferred business acquisition and asset acquisition consideration to be paid out at some point in the future, typically over a one-year period or less from the acquisition date. Contingent consideration is recorded at the asset acquisition date fair value. Contingent consideration recorded in connection with a business acquisition is reported at fair value each reporting period until the contingency is resolved. Any changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. Contingent consideration recorded in connection with an asset acquisition is not derecognized until the related contingency is resolved and the consideration is paid or becomes payable. If the amount initially recorded as contingent consideration exceeds the amount paid or payable, the Company recognizes that excess amount as a reduction in the cost of the related intangible assets.

**Research and Development –**Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for the Company’s research and development staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation and the cost of certain third-party contractors. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs related to internally developed software are expensed as research and development expense until technological feasibility has been achieved, after which the costs are capitalized.

**Fair Value Measurements –**The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities was determined based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

Lease Obligations** –**We determine if an agreement is a lease at inception. We evaluate the lease terms to determine whether the lease will be accounted for as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities, current portion, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion in our consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

A lease that transfers substantially all of the benefits and risks incidental to ownership of property are accounted for as finance leases. At the inception of a finance lease, an asset and finance lease obligation is recorded at an amount equal to the lesser of the present value of the minimum lease payments and the property’s fair market value. Finance lease obligations are classified as either current or long-term based on the due dates of future minimum lease payments, net of interest.

**Notes Payable –**We record notes payable net of any discounts or premiums. Discounts and premiums are amortized as interest expense or income over the life of the note in such a way as to result in a constant rate of interest when applied to the amount outstanding at the beginning of any given period.

**Income Taxes –**We recognize a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are provided for in accordance with accounting guidance. Accordingly, we may recognize the tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting guidance is also provided on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. At December 31, 2024, we determined that it is more likely-than-not that we will not be able to realize our deferred income tax assets in the future. A valuation allowance of $5,417 and $4,782 was recorded against our gross deferred tax asset balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Interest and penalties associated with income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

**Stock-Based Compensation –**For equity-classified awards, compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period based on the computed fair value on the grant date of the award. Equity classified awards include the issuance of stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”).

Operating Segments** –**Accounting guidance establishes standards for the way public business enterprises are to report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires enterprises to report selected information about operating segments in financial reports issued to stockholders. The Company has reorganized into two operating segments, which consist of cloud telecommunications services and software solutions. The software solutions segment includes the results of operation of NetSapiens, LLC, NSHC, Inc., NetSapiens Canada, Inc., and NetSapiens International Limited. The cloud telecommunications segment includes the results of operations of Allegiant Networks, LLC, Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc., Crexendo International, Inc., and Crexendo Business Solutions of Virginia, Inc. We generate 94% of our total revenue from customers within the United States and 6% of our total revenues from customers in other parts of the world.

Significant Customers** –**No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total trade receivables as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, with additional updates and amendments being issued in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2022 (collectively, “ASC 326”). The new standard updates the impairment model for financial assets measured at amortized cost, known as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans, and other instruments, entities are required to use a new forward-looking "expected loss" model that generally results in the earlier recognition of an allowance for credit losses. The Company adopted ASC 326 on a modified retrospective basis as of January 1, 2023, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the Company's beginning accumulated deficit balance; the impact of the adoption was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The adoption of this standard and applicable amendments primarily impacted the estimation of our allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable and established an allowance for credit losses for our equipment finance receivables and contract assets. See Note 4 - Trade Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses, Note 5 – Equipment Financing Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses, and Note 2 – Revenues -Contract Assets and Allowance for Credit Losses for additional discussion regarding the impacts from the adoption of this standard.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure, to require a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 (Topic 280) on a retrospective basis as of December 31, 2024, adding significant segment expense disclosures for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. For more detailed information about reportable segments, see Note 19.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures, particularly in the rate reconciliation table and disclosures about income taxes paid. The ASU’s amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” ASU 2024-03 requires a public business entity (“PBE”) to disclose information in the notes to financial statements about purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depletion for each income statement line item that contains those expenses. Entities would also have to disclose other specific expenses, gains, or losses that are already required to be disclosed under GAAP in this same disclosure, a qualitative description of the amounts remaining that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and the total amount of selling expenses, as well as the PBE’s definition of selling expenses. In January 2025, the FASB Issued ASU No. 2025-01, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)," which clarified that ASU 2024-03 is effective public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Implementation of ASU 2024-03 may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The application of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements, as the guidance pertains only to disclosures

2. Revenue

Revenue is measured based on a consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product, service, or software solution to a customer. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. The following is a description of principal activities – separated by reportable segments – from which the Company generates its revenue. For more detailed information about reportable segments, see Note 19.

Cloud Telecommunications Services Segment

Products and services may be sold separately or in bundled packages. The typical length of a contract for service is thirty-nine to ninety months. Customers are billed for these services on a monthly basis. For bundled packages, the Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct – i.e. if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The consideration (including any discounts) is allocated between separate products and services in a bundle based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the desktop devices and telecommunication services. For items that are not sold separately (e.g. additional features) the Company estimates stand-alone selling prices using the adjusted market assessment approach. When we provide a free trial period, we do not begin to recognize recurring revenue until the trial period has ended and the customer has been billed for the services.

Desktop Devices** –**Revenue generated from the sale of telecommunications equipment (desktop devices) is recognized when the customer takes possession of the devices and the cloud telecommunications services begin. The Company typically bills and collects the fees for the equipment upon entering into a contract with a customer. Cash receipts are recorded as a contract liability until implementation is complete and the services begin.

Equipment Financing Revenue** –**Fees generated from renting our cloud telecommunication equipment (IP or cloud telephone desktop devices) through leasing contracts are recognized as revenue based on whether the lease qualifies as an operating lease or sales-type lease. The two primary accounting provisions which we use to classify transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: 1) lease term to determine if it is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment and 2) the present value of the minimum lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease. The economic life of most of our products is estimated to be three years, since this represents the most frequent contractual lease term for our products, and there is no residual value for used equipment. Residual values, if any, are established at the lease inception using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. The vast majority of our leases that qualify as sales-type leases are non-cancelable and include cancellation penalties approximately equal to the full value of the lease receivables. Leases that do not meet the criteria for sales-type lease accounting are accounted for as operating leases. Revenue from sales-type leases is recognized upon installation and the interest portion is deferred and recognized as earned. Revenue from operating leases in recognized ratably over the applicable service period.

Cloud Telecommunications Services** –**Cloud telecommunication services include voice, data, collaboration software, broadband Internet access, managed IT services, cloud server rental and support, managed security, cabling, software license sales, interest generated from equipment financing revenue, and support for premise-based PBX phone systems. The Company recognizes revenue as services are provided in service revenue. Fees generated from reselling broadband Internet access are recognized as revenue net of the costs charged by the third-party service providers. Cloud telecommunications services are billed and paid on a monthly basis. Our telecommunications services contracts typically have a term of thirty-nine to ninety months.

Fees, Commissions, and Other, Recognized over Time** –**Includes contracted and non-contracted items such as:

One-Time Fees, Commissions, and Other** –**Includes contracted and non-contracted items such as:

Software Solutions Segment

The Software Solutions segment derives revenues from three primary sources: software licenses, software maintenance support and professional services. Software and services may be sold separately or in bundled packages. Generally, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, consisting of software and services. For bundled packages, the Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct – i.e. if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The consideration (including any discounts) is allocated between separate products and services in a bundle based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the software licenses and professional services. For items that are not sold separately (e.g. additional features) the Company estimates stand-alone selling prices using the adjusted market assessment approach. When we provide a free trial period, we do not begin to recognize recurring revenue until the trial period has ended and the customer has been billed for the services.

Software Licenses** -**The Company's software licenses typically provide a perpetual right to use the Company's software. The Company also sells term-based software licenses that expire and Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") based software which are referred to as subscription arrangements. The Company does not customize its software nor are installation services required, as the customer has a right to utilize internal resources or a third-party service company. The software is delivered before related services are provided and are functional without professional services or customer support. The Company has concluded that its software licenses are functional intellectual property that are distinct, as the user can benefit from the software on its own. The software license revenue could be recognized upon transfer of control or when the software is made available for download, as this is the point that the user of the software can direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the functional intellectual property. However, historical experience shows that customers regularly renegotiate the number of licenses during the installation process. Therefore, the Company recognizes revenue from software licenses when the setup is complete. The Company does not recognize software revenue related to the renewal of subscription software licenses earlier than the beginning of the subscription period.

Subscription Maintenance and Support -** **Subscription maintenance and support revenue includes revenue from maintenance service contracts, customer support, and other supportive services. The Company offers warranties on its products. The warranty period for the Company’s licensed software is generally 90 days. Certain of the Company's warranties are considered to be assurance-type in nature and do not cover anything beyond ensuring that the product is functioning as intended. Based on the guidance in ASC 606, assurance-type warranties do not represent separate performance obligations. The Company also sells separately-priced maintenance service contracts, which qualify as service-type warranties and represent separate performance obligations. The Company does not typically allow and has no history of accepting material product returns. Customer support includes software updates on a when-and-if-available basis, telephone support, integrated web-based support and bug fixes or patches. Subscription and maintenance support revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the customer support agreement, which is typically one year.

*Professional Services and Other -*The Company's professional services include consulting, technical support, resident engineer services, design services and installation services. Revenue from professional services and other is recognized when the performance obligation is complete and the customer has accepted the performance obligation.

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by primary major product line, and timing of revenue recognition. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments.

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows:

Contract assets and allowance for credit losses

Our contract assets balance consists of the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional. Contract assets were as follows (in thousands):

The allowance for credit losses is determined based on an assessment of historical collection experience using the loss-rate method as well as consideration of current and future economic conditions and changes in our loss-rate trends. We utilize a five-year lookback period to establish our estimate of expected credit losses, as our contractual terms range from three to five years. Based on that assessment, the allowance for credit losses as a percent of gross contract assets increased to 23.8% at December 31, 2024 from 20.0% at December 31, 2023.

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):

3. Earnings Per Common Share

Basic net income/(loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income/(loss) for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed giving effect to all dilutive common stock equivalents, consisting of common stock options. Diluted net loss per common share for the year ended December 31, 2023 is the same as basic net loss per common share because the common share equivalents were anti-dilutive due to the net loss. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income/(loss) per common share

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, the following potentially dilutive common stock, including awards granted under our equity incentive compensation plans, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would be anti-dilutive.

4. Trade Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Our trade receivables balance consists of traditional trade receivables. Trade receivables were as follows (in thousands):

The allowance for credit losses is determined based on an assessment of historical collection experience using the aging schedule method as well as consideration of current and future economic conditions. Based on that assessment, the allowance for credit losses as a percent of gross trade receivables increased to 3.3% at December 31, 2024 from 3.2% at December 31, 2023.

5. Equipment Financing Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Our equipment financing receivables balance consists of sales-type leases arising from lease financing of cloud telecommunication equipment (IP or cloud telephone desktop devices) bundled and sold with our cloud telecommunications services. The majority of our leases that qualify as sales-type leases are non-cancelable and include cancellation penalties approximately equal to the full value of the lease receivables. Revenue from sales-type leases is recognized upon installation and the interest portion is deferred and recognized as earned. These receivables are typically collateralized by a security interest in the underlying equipment. Equipment financing receivables were as follows (in thousands):

A summary of our gross equipment financing receivables’ future contractual maturities, is as follows (in thousands):

Allowance for Credit Losses

Aging of Receivables

The aging of gross equipment financing receivables was as follows (in thousands):

Our equipment financing receivable portfolio is primarily in the United States. The allowance for credit losses is determined principally based on an assessment of origination year and past collection experience as well as consideration of current and future economic conditions and changes in our customer collection trends. Based on that assessment, the allowance for credit losses was 6.1% of gross equipment financing receivables (net of unearned income) at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The allowance for credit losses represents an estimate of the losses expected to be incurred from the Company's equipment financing receivable portfolio. The projected loss rates are primarily based upon historical loss experience adjusted for judgments about the probable effects of relevant observable data including current and future economic conditions as well as delinquency trends, resolution rates, and the aging of receivables. The allowance for credit losses for equipment finance receivables is inherently more difficult to estimate than the allowance for trade receivables because the underlying lease portfolio has an average maturity, at any time, of approximately three to five years and contains unbilled amounts. We consider all available information in our quarterly assessments of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. We believe our estimates, including any qualitative adjustments, are reasonable and have considered all reasonably available information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events and economic conditions. The identification of account-specific exposure is not a significant factor in establishing the allowance for credit losses for equipment finance receivables. We continue to monitor developments in future economic conditions and trends, and as a result, our reserve may need to be updated in future periods.

The table below shows gross equipment financing receivables and current period gross write offs by year of origination (in thousands):

6. Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

7. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $303 and $404 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we disposed of computer and office equipment, computer software, and furniture and fixtures totaling $666 with accumulated depreciation of $666.

8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Acquired intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining useful life for customer relationships was 12.4 years, developed technologies was 2.4 years, and trademarks and trade names was 0.4 years.

Amortization expense for customer relationships intangible assets is included in selling and marketing expenses and totaled $2,105 and $2,182 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense for developed technologies intangible assets is included in cost of software solutions revenue and totaled $812 and $860 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense for trademark and trade name intangible assets is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $111 and $127 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, annual amortization of definite lived intangible assets, based on existing intangible assets and current useful lives, is estimated to be the following (in thousands):

The following table provides a summary of changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill (in thousands):

9. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

The changes in aggregate product warranty liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Product warranty expense is included in cost of product revenue and totaled $32 and $25 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

**10.**Notes Payable

Notes payable consists of a short and long-term financing arrangements (in thousands):

On February 27, 2023, we entered into a promissory note with CrossFirst Bank in the amount of $278. The promissory note has a term of three (3) years with monthly payments of Eight Thousand Five Hundred Forty-Three ($8,543), including interest of 6.58%, beginning on March 27, 2023. Additionally, the promissory note is subject to certain financial covenants.

On November 1, 2022, as part of the acquisition of Allegiant Networks, we entered into a promissory note with the seller in the amount of $1.1 million. The loan agreement has a term of three (3) years with quarterly payments of Ninety-Eight Thousand Three Hundred Eighty-One ($98,381), including interest at 4.00%, beginning on April 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance of the related party note payable was $478 and $843, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid principal of $365 and $257, respectively, and interest of $27 and $37, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, future principal payments are scheduled as follows (in thousands):

11. Line of Credit

The Company maintains a line of credit with a maximum principal amount of $700, payable upon demand. The line of credit was renewed on February 27, 2024 and will expire on February 27, 2025. The line of credit bears interest at 0.50% over the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate. As of December 31, 2024, there was an outstanding balance of $0, and $700 remained available for borrowing. The line of credit is collateralized by all Company assets and subject to certain financial covenants.

12. Fair Value Measurements

We have financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 for which the fair value is summarized below (in thousands):

We have no liabilities for which fair value is recognized in the balance sheet on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

13. Equity

Common Stock

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

14. Stock-Based Compensation

We have various incentive stock-based compensation plans that provide for the grant of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and other share-based awards of up to 8,734 shares to eligible employees, consultants, and directors. As of December 31, 2024, we had 1,612 shares remaining in the plans available to grant.

Stock Options

The weighted-average fair value of stock options on the date of grant and the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model were as follows:

The expected volatility of the options is determined using historical volatilities based on historical stock prices. The expected life of the options granted is based on our historical share option exercise experience. The risk-free interest rate is determined using the yield available for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the option. During 2023, the Company declared and paid one quarterly dividends of $0.005, however, the expected annual dividend yield was less than half of one percent during 2023. In March 2023, our Board of Directors cancelled the quarterly dividend.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the plans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share data):

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $5,098 and $154, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the total future compensation expense related to non-vested options not yet recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was approximately $1,712 and the weighted-average period over which these awards are expected to be recognized is approximately 1.5 years.

Restricted Stock Units:

The following table summarizes the RSUs outstanding with service vesting in future years (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the RSUs activity under the plans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except unit data):

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $5.24 and $1.87, respectively.

The total intrinsic value of RSUs that vested and were released during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $480 and $793 respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the total future compensation expense related to non-vested RSUs not yet recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was approximately $1,542 and the weighted-average period over which these awards are expected to be recognized is approximately 1.1 year.

The following table summarizes the statement of operations effect of stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

The tax benefit related to stock compensation expense on net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $812 and $747, respectively.

15. Income Taxes

The income tax benefit/(provision) consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

The income tax provision attributable to income before income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%, as a result of the following (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, significant components of net deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2024, we had NOL and research credit carry-forwards for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes of approximately $17,372 and $2, respectively. $7,002 of the NOLs will begin to expire in 2032 through 2037, and the remaining $10,370 of the NOLs will not expire. The research tax credit will begin to expire in 2039 through 2040. Approximately $1,230 of the NOL carryforwards and $2 of the research credit carryforwards relate to the NetSapiens and Centric acquisitions. A valuation allowance of $5,417 and $4,782 was recorded against our gross deferred tax asset balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on the evidence available, it is more-likely-than-not that such assets will not be realized. In making the assessment under the more-likely-than-not standard, appropriate consideration must be given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods by jurisdiction, unitary versus stand-alone state tax filings, our experience with loss carryforwards expiring unutilized, and all tax planning alternatives that may be available. As of December 31, 2024, management reviewed the weight of all the positive and negative evidence available. Management reviewed negative evidence such as three years of cumulative pretax loss in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, and positive evidence such as projections of future pretax income and the duration of statutory carry-forward periods. As of December 31, 2024 the Company has a cumulative pretax loss for the three year lookback excluding the gain on the sale of property and equipment, which is considered significant objectively verifiable negative evidence. Management also evaluated projections of future pretax income and the duration of statutory carry-forward periods to determine if the NOL carryforwards could be utilized in whole or in part before they expire unutilized. Forecasts and projections of future income are inherently subjective and therefore generally are given less weight, based on the extent to which the assumptions can be objectively verified based on historical experience. Although historical trends utilized in our projections are objectively verifiable we assigned less weight to this positive evidence given the subjective nature of assumptions in projections. Management reviewed negative evidence related to experience of credits and loss carryforwards expiring unutilized, and determined that although negative evidence exists, it was not significant evidence, as the current loss carryforwards do not begin to expire until 2032 and therefore risk is minimal. After reviewing the weight of the positive and negative evidence, management determined that the positive evidence was not sufficient enough to overcome the negative evidence of cumulative pretax losses for the three-year lookback to conclude that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets of $5,417 are realizable. Therefore, a valuation allowance of $5,417 was recorded against our gross deferred tax asset balance as of December 31, 2024.

We also have state NOL and research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $30,266 and $13, which expire on specified dates as set forth in the rules of the various states to which the carryforwards relate. The company has recorded a valuation allowance of $13 and $19 against the research and development credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Accounting guidance clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions and requires companies to recognize the impact of a tax position in their financial statements, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which we have reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such a difference could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which it makes such determination.

The aggregate changes in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment or late payment of income taxes are classified as a component of income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no accrued interest and penalties as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our U.S. federal income tax returns for fiscal 2021 through 2024 are open tax years. We also file in various states, with few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to fiscal 2019.

16. Leases

Lessee Accounting

We determine if an agreement is a lease at inception. We lease office space, data center colocation space, other assets, and office equipment under operating leases. We lease data center equipment, including maintenance contracts and vehicles under finance leases.

Operating leases are recorded as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet, excluding leases that are less than 12 months. ROU assets represent our right to use the leased asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any variable lease payments, material residual value guarantees or any restrictive covenants. Our lease terms may include options, at our sole discretion, to extend or terminate the lease.

We currently lease office space in Tempe, Arizona under a non-cancelable operating lease agreement that expires in 2025. On August 9, 2023, in connection with the sale of our corporate office building and land, we entered into a lease agreement to leaseback the property. The operating lease agreement has an initial term of eighteen full calendar months, with an option to terminate the lease on the last day of the twelfth full calendar month with a sixty-day notice. The operating lease agreement includes fixed fees for property tax, insurance, and common area maintenance (CAM). We account for the lease components and non-lease components such as fixed fee property tax and insurance charges as a single lease component. The CAM charges are considered a separate non-lease component of the lease agreement and are excluded from the measurement of the lease liability.* *We utilized our incremental borrowing rate of 6.58% to determine the present value of lease payments to determine our lease liability. Rental expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $290 and $111, respectively. Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company terminated the lease agreement as of January 31, 2025.

We currently are in a non-cancelable commercial sublease operating agreement to sublease office space in Tempe Arizona, which is the headquarters for the Company. This sublease commenced on October 1, 2024, and will continue for thirty-seven (37) months through October 31, 2027. Thebase monthly rent is as follows: October 1, 2024 – September 30, 2025, $28; October 1, 2025 – September 30, 2026, $29, and October 1, 2026 – October 31, 2027, $30. The Company is entitled to three months of rent abatement, which will be January 2025, January 2026, and January 2027. If Operating Costs exceed $20 in a calendar year, then the Company shall be responsible for fifty (50%) percent of the amount exceeding $20. Rental expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $80 and $0, respectively

We leased office space in Reston, Virginia under a non-cancelable operating lease agreement that expired in October 2024. The operating lease contains customary escalation clauses. Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $48 and $39, respectively.

We currently lease office space in San Diego, California under a non-cancelable operating lease agreement that expires in 2025. Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $87 and $84, respectively.

We currently lease office space in Overland Park, Kansas under a non-cancelable operating lease agreement that expires in 2027. The operating lease contains customary escalation clauses. Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $170 and $196, respectively.

We currently lease other assets under multiple operating leases. The leases expire on various dates through 2027 and the interest rates range from 2.81% to 15.74%. The expense is included in cost of product expenses and totaled approximately $81 and $87 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We currently lease data center colocation space in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Las Vegas, Nevada, Dallas, Texas and Lenexa, Kansas, under non-cancelable operating lease agreements that expire through 2029. Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $451 and $388, respectively.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company leases equipment and support under finance lease agreements which extends through 2026. The Company also leases three vehicles under financing agreements and two of the vehicle leases ended in 2023. The outstanding balance for finance leases was $23 and $98 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded assets classified as property and equipment under finance lease obligations of $486 and $486 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Related accumulated depreciation totaled $403 and $337 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $40 in support contracts were classified as a prepaid expense and are being amortized over the service period of three years. One support contract expired in January 2021 and the other expired in June 2024. Amortization expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $2 and $5 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The interest rates on the finance lease obligations range from 1.37% and 15.74% and interest expense was $2 and $4 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The maturity of operating leases and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

17. Commitments and Contingencies

Annual Employee Bonus Plan Accrual

We utilize incentive bonuses to reward performance achievements, which provides potential annual cash bonus awards to Company employees, including Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”). Under the Bonus Plan, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) has established a bonus pool of $896, for our NEOs and executive management team for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Board established a bonus pool of $272 for our non-executive employees, for the year ended December 31, 2024. Participants will be eligible to receive cash bonus awards based upon annual performance targets established by the Compensation Committee for the year ended December 31, 2024, relating to annual revenue and adjusted EBITDA. Awards will be paid on a tiered scale based upon actual performance as a percentage of the performance targets with a floor and cap. Payments for individual performance targets met or exceeded are payable, whether or not all performance targets are met, consistent with the weighted amounts for each performance target within the bonus pools. Bonus awards for NEOs and executive management will be weighted 50% on annual revenue and 50% on Adjusted EBITDA. No bonus will be awarded for any performance target for which actual performance is less than 90% of target. At 90% or greater actual performance relative to the target, 50% of the weighted bonus amount for the performance target is payable. From 90% to 100% actual performance relative to the target, the remaining 50% of the weighted bonus amount is awarded pro rata with the percentage of actual performance exceeding 90% of target (i.e., each 1% excess over 90% of performance target equals 5% of the weighted bonus amount payable). If actual performance reaches 110% of performance target or greater for any individual performance target, then an additional 10% of the amount apportioned to that performance target will be payable as an additional bonus. Based on our financial performance for the year ended December 31, 2024, 100% of the revenue target was achieved and 110% of the Adjusted EBITDA was achieved. The Company accrued $1,197 for the employee bonus plan, which is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024.

Purchase Obligations

In February 2024, the Company entered into a $5.4 million non-cancellable five-year hosting service contract with Oracle, a third-party network service provider. The contract includes minimum quarterly commitments and the requirements to maintain the service level for the entire contract period. Under this agreement, $757 will be due during fiscal 2025, $1.2 million will be due during fiscal 2026, $1.3 million will be due during fiscal 2027, $1.5 million will be due during fiscal 2028, and $405 will be due during fiscal 2029. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has expensed $405 of the purchase obligation and $234 is included in accrued expenses at December 31, 2024.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may be involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations, and other proceedings, including patent infringement claims, employment litigation, regulatory compliance matters, and contractual disputes, that can arise in the normal course of the Company's operations. The Company recognizes a provision when management believes information available prior to the issuance of the financial statements indicates it is probable a loss has been incurred as of the date of the financial statements and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company adjusts the amount of the provision to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. As of December 31, 2024, the Company does not have a recorded liability for estimated losses. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

18. Employee Benefit Plan

We have established a retirement savings plan for eligible employees. The plan allows employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax compensation in accordance with specified guidelines. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we contributed approximately $538 and $517, respectively to the retirement savings plan.

19. Segments

The Company has two reportable operating segments, which consist of cloud telecommunications services and software solutions and uses segment income/(loss) from operations to assess performance against forecasted results and allocate resources to its segments. Segment income/(loss) from operations is determined on the same basis as consolidated income/(loss) from operations presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The cloud telecommunications services segment generates revenue from selling cloud telecommunication services, products, and other internet services. The software solutions segment generates revenue from selling perpetual software licenses and software subscriptions, subscription maintenance and support, and professional services.

Our chief operating decision maker (CODM) is our Chief Executive Officer, Jeffrey G. Korn. The CODM uses segment income/(loss) from operations before income taxes for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances on a quarterly basis using the segment income/(loss) before taxes measure when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segments. The CODM does not review assets in evaluating the results of the operating segments, and therefore, such information is not presented. Segment revenue, significant segment expenses, income/(loss) from operations, other income/(expense) and income/(loss) before income tax for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

The Company operates in two geographic areas, the United States and international. Revenue by geography is based on the location of the customer from which the revenue is earned. Revenue by geographic location is as follows (in thousands):

20. Quarterly Financial Information (in thousands, unaudited)