AEHR TEST SYSTEMS

Item 1. Financial Statements

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of May 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.

(1) Includes restricted cash in other assets.

AEHR TEST SYSTEMS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization – Aehr Test Systems (the “Company”) was incorporated in California in May 1977 and develops and manufactures test and burn-in equipment used in the semiconductor industry. The Company’s principal products are the FOX-XP, FOX-NP, and FOX-CP wafer contact and singulated die/module parallel test and burn-in systems, the WaferPak full wafer contactor, the DiePak carrier, the WaferPak aligner, the DiePak autoloader, and test fixtures.

Basis of Presentation** –**The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim reporting. Accordingly, the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the interim periods presented have been prepared on a basis consistent with the May 31, 2023 audited Consolidated Financial Statements and reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial position and results of operations as of and for such periods indicated. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2023.

Principles of Consolidation** –**The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Critical Accounting Policies and use of Estimates* ***– The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include valuation of inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value and warranty reserves. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

*Reclassifications -*Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassifications had no impact on net income, total assets, total liabilities, or shareholders’ equity.

Concentration of Credit Risk – Financial instruments which subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral. The Company had revenues from individual customers in excess of 10% of total revenues as follows:

• Amount was less than 10% of total revenue

The Company had gross accounts receivable from individual customers in excess of 10% of gross accounts receivable as follows:

• Amount was less than 10% of total gross accounts receivable

*Recent Accounting Pronouncements —*The Company's accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts less allowance for any credit losses. According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 that the Company adopted on June 1, 2023, the Company recognizes credit losses based on forward-looking current expected credit losses ("CECL"). The Company makes estimates of expected credit losses based upon its assessment of various factors, including the age of accounts receivable balances, credit quality of its customers, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect from customers. The allowance for credit losses is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The uncollectible accounts receivable are written off in the period in which a determination is made that all commercially reasonable means of recovering them have been exhausted. The total allowance for credit losses was $0 at both February 29, 2024 and May 31, 2023, and there was no write-off of accounts receivable for the periods presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures: In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07), which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on its disclosures.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures: In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands the disclosures required for income taxes. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendment should be applied on a prospective basis while retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on its disclosures.

2. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair Value of Measurements — The Company measures its cash equivalents and money market funds at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be derived from observable market data. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and credit ratings.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activities.

The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 29, 2024, and the basis for that measurement:

The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of May 31, 2023, and the basis for that measurement:

Included in money market funds as of February 29, 2024 and May 31, 2023 is $150,000 restricted cash representing a security deposit for the Company’s United States manufacturing and office space lease. There were no financial liabilities measured at fair value as of February 29, 2024 and May 31, 2023. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024. The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain other accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities.

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and investments by security type as of February 29, 2024 and May 31, 2023, respectively:

Long-term investments are included in other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains and temporary losses on investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities are included within accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of any related tax effect. Upon realization, those amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to results of operations.

3. BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION

Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

Property and equipment

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

• Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term.

Product warranties

The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenues are recognized on the products shipped. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The standard warranty period is one year for systems and ninety days for parts and service.

The following is a summary of changes in the Company's liability for product warranties during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023:

The accrued warranty balance is included in accrued expenses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue, short-term consisted of the following:

4. INCOME TAX

The Company is subject to U.S federal and state and foreign income taxes as a corporation. The Company’s tax provision and the resulting effective tax rate for the interim period is determined based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate adjusted for the effect of discrete items arising in that quarter. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $7,000 and $43,000 for the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024, respectively, which consisted primarily of foreign withholding taxes and foreign income taxes. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $17,000 and $49,000 for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023, respectively, which consisted primarily of foreign withholding taxes and foreign income taxes.

Income taxes have been provided using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse, or the carryforwards are utilized. Valuation allowances are established when it is determined that it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.

Since fiscal 2009, a full valuation allowance was established against all deferred tax assets, as management determined that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets would not be realized. The Company continues to reassess the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions consistent with authoritative guidance. The guidance prescribes a “more likely than not” recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income taxes.

5. BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS

On January 16, 2020, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the Company may borrow up to (a) the lesser of (i) the revolving line of $4.0 million or (ii) the amount available under the borrowing base under a revolving line of credit which is collateralized by all the Company’s assets except intellectual property. The borrowing base is 80% of eligible accounts, as determined by SVB from the Company’s most recent borrowing base statement; provided, however, SVB has the right to decrease the foregoing percentage in its good faith business judgment to mitigate the impact of certain events or conditions, which may adversely affect the collateral or its value. Subject to an event of default, the principal amount outstanding under the revolving line of credit will accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal tothe greater of (a) the prime rate plus an additional percentage of up to 1%, which additional percentage depends on the Company’s adjusted quick ratio, and (b) 4.75%. Interest is payable monthly on the last calendar day of each month and the outstanding principal amount, the unpaid interest and all other obligations are due on the maturity date, which is 364 days from the effective date of January 13, 2020.

On January 14, 2021, the Company entered into the First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Amendment”) with SVB. The Amendment, among other things, extended the Revolving Line Maturity Date to July 14, 2021; provided, however, that if the Company achieved specified operating metrics on a consolidated basis on or prior to May 31, 2021 the Amended Revolving Line Maturity Date would be extended to January 13, 2022.

On January 11, 2022, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) with SVB. The Second Amendment, among other things, (A) increased the available amount of the line up to the lesser of (i) $10 million or (ii) the available amount under the borrowing base, under a revolving line of credit, (B) allowed for borrowing up to $3 million of the available balance based upon eligible customer purchase orders, (C) reduced the interest rate for account advances under the line tothe greater of (a) prime rate plus an additional percentage up to 1.0%, which additional percentage depends on the Company’s adjusted quick ratio, and (b) 3.25%, reduces the interest rate for purchase order advances under the line to the greater of (a) prime rate plus an additional percentage up to 1.5%, which additional percentage depends on the Company’s adjusted quick ratio, and (b) 3.75%, and (D) extended the maturity date to January 13, 2023.

On January 10, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with SVB. The Third Amendment, among other things, extends the Revolving Line Maturity Date to January 13, 2024, provided, however, that (i) if the Company submits a fiscal year 2024 plan of record that is generally acceptable to SVB, and (ii) the minimum net liquidity at the end of November 30, 2023 is at least $20.0 million, the Amended Revolving Line Maturity Date would be extended to January 13, 2025.

The Company terminated the revolving line on January 4, 2024.

6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Purchase Obligations

The Company has purchase obligations to certain suppliers. In some cases, the products the Company purchases are unique and have provisions against cancellation of the order.

Contingencies

The Company may, from time to time, be involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome of any litigation involving the Company, management does not believe any pending legal proceedings will result in judgment or settlement that will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In the normal course of business to facilitate sales of its products, the Company indemnifies other parties, including customers, with respect to certain matters, for example, including against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or from intellectual property infringement or other claims. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors, and the Company’s bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to the Company’s agents.

It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. To date, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material impact on the Company’s operating results, financial position or cash flow.

7. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

On August 25, 2021, the Board of Directors authorized management to take actions necessary for the execution of a $75 million shelf registration. A Registration Statement on Form S-3 was filed with the SEC on September 3, 2021. A Prospectus Supplement for an "At the Market" ("ATM") sale of $25 million of common stock was subsequently filed on September 17, 2021. On October 8, 2021, the Company executed the ATM offering by selling 1,696,729 shares of common stock at an average selling price of $14.73 per share. The gross proceeds to the Company were $25.0 million, before commission fees of $0.7 million and offering expenses of $0.3 million. Another Prospectus Supplement for an ATM sale of $25 million of common stock was subsequently filed on February 8, 2023. The Company partially executed the ATM offering by selling 208,917 shares of common stock at an average selling price of $34.78 per share. The gross proceeds to the Company during the quarter ended February 28, 2023 were $7.3 million, before commissions of $0.2 million and offering expenses of $0.2 million. As of February 29, 2024, the remaining amount of the ATM offering was $17.7 million.

8. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, were as follows (in thousands):

9. REVENUE

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by following a five-step process: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price, and (5) recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation, as further described below.

Performance obligations include sales of systems, contactors, spare parts, as well as installation and training services included in customer contracts. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company generally does not grant return privileges, except for defective products during the warranty period.

For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are based on multiple factors including, but not limited to historical discounting trends for products and services and pricing practices in different geographies. Revenue for systems and spares is recognized at a point in time, which is generally upon shipment or delivery and evidenced by transfer of title and risk of loss to the customer. Revenue from services is recognized over time as the customer receives the benefit over the contractual period of generally one year or less.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component as the Company’s standard payment terms are less than one year.

The Company sells its products primarily through a direct sales force. In certain international markets, the Company sells its products through independent distributors.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following presents information about the Company’s net revenues in different geographic areas, which are based upon ship-to locations, and by product category:

With the exception of the amount of service contracts and extended warranties, the Company’s product net revenues are recognized at a point in time when control transfers to the customer. The following presents net revenues based on timing of recognition:

Contract balances

Accounts receivable are recognized in the period the Company delivers goods or provides services and when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. Contract assets include unbilled receivables which represent revenues that are earned in advance of scheduled billings to customers. These amounts are primarily related to product sales where transfer of control has occurred but the Company has not yet invoiced. As of February 29, 2024, unbilled receivables were $345,000 and were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract assets were not significant as of May 31, 2023.

Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under a contract and are satisfied as the associated revenue is recognized. Contract liabilities as of February 29, 2024 and May 31, 2023 were $486,000 and $2,853,000, respectively, and were included in deferred revenue, short-term and deferred revenue, long-term on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024, the Company recognized $31,000 and $2,802,000 in revenue, respectively, which were included in contract liabilities as of May 31, 2023.

Remaining performance obligations

On February 29, 2024, the Company had $68,000 of remaining performance obligations, which were comprised of service contracts and extended warranty contracts not yet delivered. The Company expects to recognize approximately 30.2% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue in the remainder of fiscal 2024, and an additional 69.8% in fiscal 2025. The foregoing excludes the value of other remaining performance obligations, as they have original durations of one year or less and excludes information about variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation.

Costs to obtain or fulfill a contract

The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses as the amortization period is typically less than one year. Additionally, the majority of the Company’s cost of fulfillment as a manufacturer of products is classified as inventory and fixed assets, which are accounted for under the respective guidance for those asset types. Other costs of contract fulfillment are immaterial due to the nature of the Company’s products and their respective manufacturing process.

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock-based compensation expense consists of expenses for stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance RSUs (“PRSUs”), restricted shares, performance restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”), purchase rights. Stock-based compensation expense for stock options and ESPP purchase rights is measured at each grant date, based on the fair value of the award using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period. This model was developed for use in estimating the value of publicly traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of publicly traded options. For RSUs, PRSUs, restricted shares and performance restricted shares, stock-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the grant date and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period. All of the Company’s stock-based compensation is accounted for as equity instruments. See Note 13 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023 filed on August 28, 2023 for further information regarding the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and the ESPP. On October 23, 2023, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan and on October 27, 2023, the Company filed the Form S-8 to issue awards during this quarter onwards from a pool of 1,500,000 shares. Full value awards, which are equity awards other than options, stock appreciation rights or other awards that are based solely on an increase in value of the shares following the grant date, when granted or forfeited will be counted as the same number of common stock shares added or deducted to the remaining available shares for issuance under the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023:

Stock-based compensation expense totaling $252,000 and $120,000 was capitalized as part of inventory as of February 29, 2024 and as of May 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company’s nonvested RSU, PRSU and restricted shares activities during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024 were as follows:

Under the ESPP, the Company issued 24,000 and 109,000 shares, respectively, during the nine months ended February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023. As of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, ESPP shares available for issuance totaled 373,000 and 499,000, respectively.

11. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is determined using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is determined using the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares (representing the hypothetical number of incremental shares issuable under the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options, and vesting of outstanding RSUs and ESPP shares) during the period using the treasury stock method. The calculation of dilutive shares outstanding excludes securities that would have an antidilutive effect on net income (loss) per share.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

12. SEGMENT AND CONCENTRATION INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the chief executive officer, reviews discrete financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of regularly making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be in one operating segment.

Long-lived assets, net by geographic area are as follows: