BIOTRICITY INC.

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Biotricity Inc. (formerly MetaSolutions, Inc.) (the “Company” or “Biotricity”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on August 29, 2012. iMedical Innovations Inc. (“iMedical”) was incorporated on July 3, 2014 under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Biotricity through reverse take-over on February 2, 2016.

Both the Company and iMedical are engaged in research and development activities within the remote monitoring segment of preventative care. They are focused on a realizable healthcare business model that has an existing market and commercialization pathway. As such, its efforts to date have been devoted to building and commercializing an ecosystem of technologies that enable access to this market.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION, MEASUREMENT AND CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and are expressed in United States dollars (“USD”).

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a historical cost basis except Cash and derivative liabilities which are carried at fair value.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts presented in the prior year period have been reclassified to conform to current period consolidated financial statement presentation.

Going Concern, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company is in the early stages of commercializing its first product and is concurrently in development mode, operating a research and development program in order to develop, obtain regulatory clearance for, and commercialize other proposed products. The Company has incurred recurring losses from operations, and as of March 31, 2025, had an accumulated deficit of $139,441,785 (2024: $127,499,785) and a working capital deficiency of $15,996,856 (2024: $18,228,253). Those conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Management anticipates the Company will continue on its revenue growth trajectory and improve its liquidity through continued business development and after additional equity and debt capitalization of the Company. During fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Company raised $499,900 through government EIDL loan. During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company also raised total net proceeds of $14,545,805 through the underwritten public offering that was concurrent with its listing onto the Nasdaq Capital Markets. During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2021, the Company raised additional net proceeds of $11,756,563 through a term loan transaction (Note 6) and made repayment of the previously issued promissory notes and short-term loans. In connection with this loan, the Company and Lender entered into a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, as well as an Intellectual Property Security Agreement, wherein the Company agreed to secure the Credit Agreement with all of the Company’s assets, as well as secured by the Company’s right title and interest in the Company’s Intellectual Property. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company raised short-term loans and promissory notes, net of repayments of $853,030 from various lenders, and also raised convertible notes, net of redemptions of $2,962,386 from various lenders. The Company sold 36,897 common shares through use of its registration statement, for gross proceeds of $123,347, raising a net amount of $119,285 after paying a 3% placement fee and other issuance expenses.

Additionally, on September 19, 2023, the Company entered into a security purchase agreement with an institutional investor for the issuance and sale of 220 shares of the Company’s newly designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $9,091 per share of Series B Preferred Stock (Note 9), or gross proceeds of $2,000,000. Net proceeds after issuance costs amounted to $1,900,000 for the Series B Preferred Stock. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued an additional 220 Series B preferred shares for net proceeds of $1,732,532.

Shares of Series B Preferred Stock and shares of common stock of the Company that are issuable upon conversion of, or as dividends on, the Series B Preferred Stock were offered and were issued pursuant to the Prospectus Supplement, filed September 19, 2023, to the Prospectus included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-255544) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2021, and declared effective May 4, 2021.

As we proceed with the commercialization of the Bioflux, Biocore, and Biocare product development, we expect to continue to devote significant resources on capital expenditures, as well as research and development costs and operations, marketing and sales expenditures.

Based on the above facts and assumptions, we believe our existing cash, along with anticipated near-term financings, will be sufficient to continue to meet our needs for the next twelve months from the filing date of this report. However, we will need to seek additional debt or equity capital to respond to business opportunities and challenges, including our ongoing operating expenses, protecting our intellectual property, developing or acquiring new lines of business and enhancing our operating infrastructure. The terms of our future financings may be dilutive to, or otherwise adversely affect, holders of our common stock. We may also seek additional funds through arrangements with collaborators or other third parties. There can be no assurance we will be able to raise this additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to obtain additional funding on a timely basis, we may be required to modify our operating plan and otherwise curtail or slow the pace of development and commercialization of our proposed product lines.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) on April 1, 2018. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by applying the core principles – (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied.

Both the Bioflux mobile cardiac telemetry device, and the Biocore device are wearable devices. The cardiac data that the devices monitor and collect is curated and analyzed by the Company’s proprietary algorithms and then securely communicated to a remote monitoring facility for electronic reporting and conveyance to the patient’s prescribing physician or other certified cardiac medical professional. Revenues earned are comprised of device sales revenues and technology fee revenues (technology as a service). The devices, together with their licensed software, are available for sale to the medical center or physician, who is responsible for the delivery of clinical diagnosis and therapy. The remote monitoring, data collection and reporting services performed by the technology culminate in a patient study that is generally billable when it is complete and is issued to the physician. In order to recognize revenue, management considers whether or not the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of a commercial arrangement exists, and delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. For sales of devices, which are invoiced directly, additional revenue recognition criteria include that the price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured; for device sales contracts with terms of more than one year, the Company recognizes any significant financing component as revenue over the contractual period using the effective interest method, and the associated interest income is reflected accordingly on the statement of operations and included in other income; for revenue that is earned based on customer usage of the proprietary software to render a patient’s cardiac study, the Company recognizes revenue when the study ends based on a fixed billing rate. Costs associated with providing the services are recorded as the service is provided regardless of whether or when revenue is recognized.

The Company may also earn service-related revenue from contracts with other counterparties with which it consults. This contract work is separate and distinct from services provided to clinical customers, but may be with a reseller or other counterparties that are working to establish their operations in foreign jurisdictions or ancillary products or market segments in which the Company has expertise and may eventually conduct business.

The Company recognized the following forms of revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Inventories

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, cost being determined on a weighted average cost basis. Market value of our finished goods inventory and raw material inventory is determined based on its estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price less normally predictable costs of disposal and transportation. The Company records write-downs of inventory that is obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand or market value based on consideration of product lifecycle stage, technology trends, product development plans and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Actual demand may differ from forecasted demand, and such differences may have a material effect on recorded inventory values. Inventory write-downs are charged to cost of revenue and establish a new cost basis for the inventory.

Significant accounting estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions to be made in applying the accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and related assumptions are based on previous experiences and other factors considered reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making the assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Significant accounts that require estimates as the basis for determining the stated amounts include share-based compensation, impairment analysis and fair value of warrants, promissory notes, convertible notes and derivative liabilities.

The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees by reference to the fair value of equity instruments at the date at which they are granted. Estimating fair value for share-based payments requires determining the most appropriate valuation model for a grant of such instruments, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. The estimate also requires determining the most appropriate inputs to the Black-Scholes option pricing model, including the expected life of the instrument, risk-free rate, volatility, and dividend yield.

In determining the fair value of the warrant issued for services and issue pursuant to financing transactions, the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: volatility rate, risk-free rate, and the remaining expected life of the warrants that are classified under equity.

In determining the fair values of the derivative liabilities from the conversion and redemption features, the Company used Monte-Carlo and lattice models with the following assumptions: dividend yields, volatility, risk-free rate and the remaining expected life. Changes in those assumptions and inputs could in turn impact the fair value of the derivative liabilities and can have a material impact on the reported loss and comprehensive loss for the applicable reporting period.

Determining the appropriate functional currencies for entities in the Company requires analysis of various factors, including the currencies and country-specific factors that mainly influence labor, materials, and other operating expenses.

The Company employs significant estimates to determine the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, considering industry trends such as technological advancements, past experience, expected use and review of asset useful lives. The Company makes estimates when determining depreciation methods, depreciation rates and asset useful lives, which requires considering industry trends and company-specific factors. The Company reviews depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values annually or when circumstances change and adjusts its depreciation methods and assumptions prospectively.

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation, legal or constructive, as a result of a previous event, if it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the obligation. The amount recognized is the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligations. Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate of the expected future cash flows.

Contingencies can be either possible assets or possible liabilities arising from past events, which, by their nature, will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence and potential impact of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Market value of our inventory, which is all purchased finished goods, is determined based on its estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price less normally predictable costs of disposal and transportation. The Company estimates net realizable value as the amount at which inventories are expected to be sold, taking into consideration fluctuations in retail prices less estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Inventories are written down to net realizable value when the cost of inventories is estimated to be unrecoverable due to obsolescence, damage, or declining selling prices.

The calculation of current and deferred income taxes requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions and to exercise judgment regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities which are subject to accounting estimates inherent in those balances, the interpretation of income tax legislation across various jurisdictions, expectations about future operating results, the timing of reversal of temporary differences and possible audits of income tax filings by the tax authorities. In addition, when the Company incurs losses for income tax purposes, it assesses the probability of taxable income being available in the future based on its budgeted forecasts. These forecasts are adjusted to take into account certain non-taxable income and expenses and specific rules on the use of unused credits and tax losses.

When the forecasts indicate that sufficient future taxable income will be available to deduct the temporary differences, a deferred tax asset is recognized for all deductible temporary differences. Changes or differences in underlying estimates or assumptions may result in changes to the current or deferred income tax balances on the consolidated balance sheets, a charge or credit to income tax expense included as part of net income (loss) and may result in cash payments or receipts. Judgment includes consideration of the Company’s future cash requirements in its tax jurisdictions. All income, capital and commodity tax filings are subject to audits and reassessments. Changes in interpretations or judgments may result in a change in the Company’s income, capital, or commodity tax provisions in the future. The amount of such a change cannot be reasonably estimated.

The determination of the Company’s lease obligation and right-of-use asset depends on certain assumptions, which include the selection of the discount rate. The discount rate is set by reference to the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Significant assumptions are required to be made when determining which borrowing rates to apply in this determination. Changes in the assumptions used may have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company has adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260-10 which provides for calculation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings per share. Basic loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings or loss per share of common stock is computed similarly to basic earnings or loss per share except the weighted average shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of any common stock equivalents, if dilutive. The Company’s warrants, options, convertible promissory notes, convertible preferred stock, shares to be issued and restricted stock awards while outstanding are considered common stock equivalents for this purpose. Diluted earnings is computed utilizing the treasury method for the warrants, stock options, shares to be issued and restricted stock awards. Diluted earnings with respect to the convertible promissory notes and convertible preferred stock utilizing the if-converted method was not applicable during the periods presented as no conditions required for conversion had occurred. No incremental common stock equivalents were included in calculating diluted loss per share because such inclusion would be anti-dilutive given the net loss reported for the periods presented.

Cash

Cash includes cash on hand and balances with banks.

As of March 31, 2025, and 2024, cash balance of US$259,478 and US$752,399 were at financial institutions in the United States that were not covered by the United States Deposit Protection Regulation.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of the Company’s Canadian-based subsidiary is the Canadian dollar and the US-based parent is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss) for the year. In translating the financial statements of the Company’s Canadian subsidiary from their functional currency into the Company’s reporting currency of United States dollars, consolidated balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ deficiency. The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to the Company from medical facilities, which receive reimbursement from institutions and third-party government and commercial payors and their related patients, as a result of the Company’s normal business activities. Accounts receivable is reported on the consolidated balance sheets net of an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated uncollectible receivables based on historical experience, assessment of specific risk, review of outstanding invoices, and various assumptions and estimates that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, and recognizes the provision as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Uncollectible accounts are written off against the allowance after appropriate collection efforts have been exhausted and when it is deemed that a balance is uncollectible.

Customer Concentration

During the year ended March 31, 2025, one customer comprised 29% of total account receivables, there was no such concentration risk during the previous year ended March 31,2024.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820-10 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

● Level 1 – Valuation based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 – Valuation based on quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets.

● Level 3 – Valuation based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring management’s best estimate of what market participants would use as fair value.

In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments or interest rates that are comparable to market rates. These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, deposits and other receivables, convertible promissory notes and short term loans, federally guaranteed loans, term loans and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company’s derivative liabilities are carried at fair values and are classified as Level 3 financial instruments. The Company’s bank accounts are maintained with financial institutions of reputable credit, therefore, bear minimal credit risk.

The fair value of financial instruments measured on a recurring basis is as follows:

There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and improvements and betterments are capitalized. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for all assets with estimated lives as follow:

Impairment for Long-Lived Assets

The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. ASC 360 requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets, including right-of-use assets, used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal. Based on its review at March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company believes there was no impairment of its long-lived assets.

Leases

The Company is the lessee in a lease contract when the Company obtains the right to use the asset. Operating leases are included in the line items Operating right of use assets, Operating lease obligations, current, and Operating lease obligations, long-term in the consolidated balance sheet.

Right-of-use (“ROU”) asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent the Company’s obligations to make lease payments arising from the lease, both of which are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company determines the lease term by agreement with lessor. As the Company’s lease does not provide implicit interest rate, the Company uses the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Refer to Note 12 for further discussion.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740. The Company provides for Federal, State and Provincial income taxes payable, as well as for those deferred because of the timing differences between reporting income and expenses for consolidated financial statement purposes versus tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recoverable or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period of the change. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Research and Development

Research and development costs, which relate primarily to product and software development, are charged to operations as incurred. Under certain research and development arrangements with third parties, the Company may be required to make payments that are contingent on the achievement of specific developmental, regulatory and/or commercial milestones. Before a product receives regulatory approval, milestone payments made to third parties are expensed when the milestone is achieved**.**Milestone payments made to third parties after regulatory approval is received are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the approved product.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs including stock-based compensation for personnel in functions not directly associated with research and development activities. Other significant costs include sales and marketing costs, investor relation and legal costs relating to corporate matters, professional fees for consultants assisting with business development and financial matters, and office and administrative expenses.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based payments in accordance with the provision of ASC 718, which requires that all share-based payments issued to acquire goods or services, including grants of employee stock options, be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on their fair values, net of estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Compensation expense related to share-based awards is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.

The Company accounts for stock based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services, as prescribed by ASC 718-10, at either the fair value of the services rendered or the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more readily determinable, using the guidelines in ASC 505-50. The Company issues compensatory shares for services including, but not limited to, executive, management, accounting, operations, corporate communication, financial and administrative consulting services.

Convertible Notes Payable and Derivative Instruments

The Company has adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-11 to account for the down round features of warrants issued with private placements effective as of April 1, 2017. In doing so, warrants with a down round feature previously treated as derivative liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and measured at fair value are henceforth treated as equity, with no adjustment for changes in fair value at each reporting period. Previously, the Company accounted for conversion options embedded in convertible notes in accordance with ASC 815. ASC 815 generally requires companies to bifurcate conversion options embedded in convertible notes from their host instruments and to account for them as free-standing derivative financial instruments. ASC 815 provides for an exception to this rule when convertible notes, as host instruments, are deemed to be conventional, as defined by ASC 815-40. The Company accounts for convertible notes deemed conventional and conversion options embedded in non-conventional convertible notes which qualify as equity under ASC 815, in accordance with the provisions of ASC 470-20, which provides guidance on accounting for convertible securities with beneficial conversion features. Accordingly, the Company records, as a discount to convertible notes, the intrinsic value of such conversion options based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt.

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

The Series B convertible preferred stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) was accounted for as mezzanine equity and the embedded conversion and redemption features was accounted for as derivative liabilities with change in fair value at each reporting period end charged to the consolidated statement of operation and comprehensive loss in accordance with ASC 480 and ASC 815.

Preferred Share Redemption and Conversions

The Company accounted for preferred stock redemptions and conversions in accordance to ASU-260-10-S99. For Series A preferred stock redemptions, the difference between the fair value of consideration transferred to the holders of the preferred stock and the carrying amount of the preferred stock is accounted as deemed dividend distribution and subtracted from net loss. For Series B preferred stock conversions, no gain or loss is recognized upon Series B preferred stock conversion except for the fair value adjustment for the conversion and redemption feature derivative liabilities on the conversion date.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity where discrete financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Company has identified its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company operates in one operating segment. The Company’s CODM allocates resources and assesses performance at the consolidated level. The Company’s property and equipment and operating right of use lease asset are in the United States as of March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The CODM uses net loss for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. Significant expenses include non-cash stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and write-off of property and equipment, which are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The long-lived assets outside of U.S. are not material as of March 31, 2025. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. Refer to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 for total consolidated assets.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This pronouncement, along with subsequent ASUs issued to clarify provisions of ASU 2016-13, changes the impairment model for most financial assets and will require the use of an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. Under this model, entities will be required to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on such instruments and record an allowance to offset the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, resulting in a net presentation of the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. In developing the estimate for lifetime expected credit loss, entities must incorporate historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. On November 19, 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), finalized various effective date delays for private companies, not-for-profit organizations, and certain smaller reporting companies applying the credit losses (CECL), the revised effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company has adopted Topic 326 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements according to the effective date and the adoption has no significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Most amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. There is no significant impact from adopting ASU 2019-12 on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

In April 2021, The FASB issued ASU 2021-04 to codify the final consensus reached by the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) on how an issuer should account for modifications made to equity-classified written call options (hereafter referred to as a warrant to purchase the issuer’s common stock). The guidance in the ASU requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant that does not cause the warrant to become liability-classified as an exchange of the original warrant for a new warrant. This guidance applies whether the modification is structured as an amendment to the terms and conditions of the warrant or as termination of the original warrant and issuance of a new warrant. The Company adopted this guidance for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2022. There is no significant impact from adopting ASU 2021-04 on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

On March 28, 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. ASU 2023-01 is designed to clarify the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with common control leases, thereby reducing diversity in practice. The new standard is effective for the Company for its fiscal year beginning January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the standard.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”) to improve the disclosures regarding a public entity’s reportable segments and address requests from investors for additional, more detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses. The Company is required to adopt the guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, though early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new standard during the current year and conclude that there is no material impact.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”) to provide disaggregated income tax disclosures on rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The Company is required to adopt the guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2026, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company continue to evaluate the impact of the new accounting pronouncement, including enhanced disclosure requirements, on our business processes, controls and systems.

4. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables and accrued liabilities as at March 31, 2025 and 2024 included $373,744 and $837,945, respectively, due to a shareholder, who is a director and executive of the Company.

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES AND SHORT TERM LOANS

Series A Convertible Promissory Notes*:*

During the year ended March 31, 2021, the Company issued $11,275,500 (face value) in two series of convertible promissory notes (the “Series A Notes”) sold under subscription agreements to accredited investors. The Notes mature one year from the final closing date of the offering and accrue interest at 12% per annum.

For the first series of Series A Notes, commencing six months following the Issuance Date, and at any time thereafter (provided the Holder has not received notice of the Company’s intent to prepay the note), at the sole election of the Holder, any amount of the outstanding principal and accrued interest of this note (the “Outstanding Balance”) could be converted into that number of shares of Common Stock equal to:(i) the Outstanding Balance divided by (ii) 75% of the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for the 5 trading days prior to the Conversion Date (the conversion price).

For the first series of Series A Notes, the notes would automatically convert into common stock (in each case, subject to the trading volume of the Company’s common stock being a minimum of $500,000 for each trading day in the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date), upon the earlier to occur of (i) the Company’s common stock being listed on a national securities exchange, in which event the conversion price would be equal to 75% of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the 20 trading days prior to the conversion date, or (ii) upon the closing of the Company’s next equity round of financing for gross proceeds of greater than $5,000,000, in which event the conversion price would be equal to 75% of the price per share of the common stock (or of the conversion price in the event of the sale of securities convertible into common stock) sold in such financing. The Company could, at its discretion, redeem the notes for 115% of their face value plus accrued interest.

For the second series of Series A Notes, the notes could be converted into shares of common stock, at the option of the holder, commencing six months from issuance, at a conversion price equal to the lower of $24.00 per share or 75% of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the five trading days prior to the conversion date.

For the second series of Series A Notes, the notes would automatically convert into common stock (in each case, subject to the trading volume of the Company’s common stock being a minimum of $500,000 for each trading day in the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date), upon the earlier to occur of (i) the Company’s common stock being listed on a national securities exchange, in which event the conversion price would be equal to the lower of $24.00 per share or 75% of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the 20 trading days prior to the conversion date, or (ii) upon the closing of the Company’s next equity round of financing for gross proceeds of greater than $5,000,000, in which event the conversion price would be equal to the lower of $24.00 per share or 75% of the price per share of the common stock (or of the conversion price in the event of the sale of securities convertible into common stock) sold in such financing. The Company could, at its discretion, redeem the notes for 115% of their face value plus accrued interest.

The Company was obligated to issue warrants that accompany the convertible notes and provide 50% warrant coverage. The warrants have a 3-year term from date of issuance and an exercise price that is 120% of the 20-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares at the time final closing.

The Company was obligated to pay the placement agent of the first series of Series A Notes a 12% cash fee for $8,925,500 (face value) of the notes and 2.5% cash fee and other sundry expenses for the remaining $2,350,000 (face value) of the notes.

The Company was also obligated to issue warrants to the placement agent that have a 10-year term and cover 12% of funds raised for $8,925,550 (face value) of the notes (first series) and 2.5% of funds raised for the remaining $2,350,000 (face value) of notes (second series), with an exercise price that is 120% of the 20-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares at the time final closing. On final closing, which occurred on January 8, 2021, the warrants’ exercise price was struck at $6.36 per share.

Prior to January 8, 2021 (final closing date), the Company determined that the conversion and redemption features contained in those Notes represented a single compound derivative liability that meets the requirements for liability classification under ASC 815. The Company accounted for these obligations by determining the fair value of the related derivative liabilities associated with the embedded conversion and redemption features.

For the Series A Notes, The Company recognized debt issuance costs in the amount of $2,301,854 and treated these as a deduction from the convertible note liabilities directly, as a contra-liability, and amortized the debt issuance cost over the term of the Notes. The Company also recognized initial debt discount in the amount of $8,088,003 and accreted the interest over the remaining lives of those Notes. The debt issuance costs were fully amortized by March 31, 2022.

On December 30, 2022, the Company exchanged $500,000 of Series A Notes along with its outstanding interest accrual of $121,500 into a new convertible note with the same note holder. The new convertible note has principal of $621,500, stated interest rate of 12% per annum, as well as option to convert outstanding principal and accrued interest at the conversion price, calculated at 75% multiplied by the average of the three lowest closing prices during the previous ten trading days prior to the receipt of the conversion notice. The new convertible note matured on December 30, 2023.

During the year ended March 31 2025,, all of the Series A notes had been converted into common shares, with the exception of notes held by two investors, with a remaining face value in the amount of $821,000.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized discount amortization of $nil (2024: $49,393) as accretion and amortization expense. As of March 31, 2024, the discount on Series A convertible notes was fully amortized.

As of March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $272,342 and $173,762, respectively, of interest accruals for the Series A Notes.

During the years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense in the amount of $98,580 and $98,850, respectively.

Series B Convertible Notes

During the year ended March 31, 2021, the Company also issued $1,312,500 (face value) of convertible promissory notes (“Series B Notes”) to various accredited investors.

Commencing six months following the issuance date, and at any time thereafter, subject to the Company’s Conversion Buyout clause, at the sole election of the holder, any amount of the outstanding principal and accrued interest of the note (the “outstanding balance”) could be converted into that number of shares of Common Stock equal to: (i) the outstanding balance divided by (ii) the Conversion Price. Partial conversions of the note shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding principal amount of the note. The holder may exercise such conversion right by providing written notice to the Company of such exercise in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company (a “conversion notice”). Conversion price means (subject in all cases to proportionate adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, and similar transactions), seventy-five percent (75%) multiplied by the average of the three (3) lowest closing prices during the previous ten (10) trading days prior to the receipt of the conversion notice.

The Series B Notes will automatically convert into common stock upon a merger, consolidation, exchange of shares, recapitalization, reorganization, as a result of which the Company’s common stock shall be changed into another class or classes of stock of the Company or another entity, or in the case of the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company other than a complete liquidation of the Company. Within the first 180 days after the issuance date, the Company may, at its discretion, redeem the notes for 115% of their face value plus accrued interest. The Company is obligated to issue warrants that accompany the convertible notes and provide 50% warrant coverage. The warrants have a 3-year term from date of issuance and an exercise price that is $6.36 per share for 100,000 warrant shares and $9.0 per share for 35,417 warrant shares.

Net proceeds to the Company from convertible note issuances to March 31, 2021 amounted to $1,240,000 after the original issuance discount as well as payment of the financing related fees. The Company determined that the conversion and redemption features contained in the Series B Notes represented a single compound derivative liability that meets the requirements for liability classification under ASC 815. The Company accounted for these obligations by determining the fair value of the related derivative liability associated with the embedded conversion and redemption features.

The Company recognized debt issuance costs in the amount of $10,000 and treated these as a deduction from the convertible note liabilities directly, as a contra-liability, and amortized the debt issuance cost over the term of the Series B Notes. The Company recognized initial debt discount in the amount of $1,312,500 and accreted the interest over the remaining lives of those notes. The debt issuance costs were fully amortized by March 31, 2022.

During the year ended March 31, 2022, $472,500 (face value) of Series B Notes were converted into 34,586 common shares. As at March 31, 2022, $840,000 of Series B Notes remained unconverted and outstanding, which was equal to the face value of the relevant convertible notes.

During the year ended March 31, 2023, $555,600 (face value) of Series B Notes were converted into 126,833 common shares (Note 9 d).

During the year ended March 31, 2023, $126,680 (face value) of Series B Notes were redeemed by cash payment of $145,682. The redemption price was determined in accordance to the Series B note agreement, where the Company has an option to redeem the note at 115% of its principal value instead of converting the note upon receipt of a conversion notice. The difference between the redemption cash payment and the book value of the note redeemed, including the derivative liability associated to the note, was $24,408, and was recognized as a gain upon convertible note repayment.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company redeemed $22,009 of Series B Notes, through a cash payment of $25,342. A gain on redemption $8,320 was recognized as a result of this redemption, representing the difference between the cash payment and the face value of Series B Notes redeemed net of the related derivative liabilities ($8,320 for the year ended March 31, 2025).

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company redeemed $135,710 of Series B Notes, through a cash payment of $162,851. A gain on redemption $18,540 was recognized as a result of this redemption, representing the difference between the cash payment and the face value of Series B Notes redeemed net of the related derivative liabilities ($45,681 for the year ended March 31, 2024).

As of March 31, 2025, there were no Series B Notes outstanding.

As of March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $88,881 and $88,602, respectively, related to the Series B Notes.

During the years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense in the amount of $279 and $3,739, respectively.

Series C Convertible Notes

The Company has issued Series C Notes of $1,812,700 (face value) by March 31, 2024, with net proceeds of $1,100,430 after payment of the relevant financing related fees.

The Series C Notes were sold under subscription agreements to accredited investors. The Notes mature one year from the final closing date of the offering and accrue interest at 15% per annum.

For Series C Notes, commencing six months following the Issuance Date, and at any time thereafter, at the sole election of the Holder, any amount of the outstanding principal and accrued interest of this note (the “Conversion Amount”) could be converted into that number of shares of Common Stock equal to: the Conversion Amount divided by the “Optional Conversion Price”, which is defined as lower of(i) seventy-five percent (75%) of the VWAP for the five (5) Trading Days prior to the Conversion Date, or (ii) eighty percent (80%) of the gross sale price per share of Common Stock (or conversion or exercise price per share of Common Stock of any Common Stock Equivalents) sold in a Qualified Financing (as defined in the Series C note agreements).

For Series C Notes, “Mandatory Conversion” ofthe notes would convert into common stock at the applicable “Mandatory Conversion Price”, if either (i) on each of any twenty (20) consecutive Trading Days (the “Measurement Period”) (A) the closing price of the Common Stock on the applicable Trading Market is at least $18.00 per share and (B) the dollar value of average daily trades of the Common Stock on the applicable Trading Market is at least $400,000 per Trading Day; or (ii) upon the closing of a Qualified Financing, provided that the dollar value of average daily trades of the Common Stock on the applicable National Exchange on each of the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days following such closing is at least $400,000 per Trading Day. Mandatory Conversion Price means, in the case of a Mandatory Conversion under situation (i) above, seventy percent (70%) of the VWAP over the Measurement Period, or in the case of a Mandatory Conversion under situation (ii) above, eighty percent (80%) of the gross sale price per share of Common Stock (or conversion or exercise price per share of Common Stock of any Common Stock Equivalents) sold in a Qualified Financing.

The Company was obligated to issue warrants that accompany the convertible notes and provide 100% warrant coverage. The warrants have a 4-year term from date of issuance and an exercise price that is 200% of the 5-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares at the time of final closing.

The Company was obligated to pay the placement agent of the first series of Series C Notes a 10% cash fee for the face value of the notes.

The Company was also obligated to issue warrants to the placement agent that have a 10-year term and cover 8% of face value of the notes, with an exercise price that equals to the 5-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares at the time final closing.

Prior to the final closing date (October 23, 2023), the Company determined that the conversion features contained in those Note, as well as the obligations to issue investor warrants and placement agent warrants represented a single compound derivative liability that meets the requirements for liability classification under ASC 815. The Company accounted for these obligations by determining the fair value of the related derivative liabilities associated with the embedded conversion features, as well as the obligations related to investor warrant and placement agent warrant issuance. Subsequently, the exercise price of all warrants was concluded and locked to $4.18 and $2.09, respectively, for the note holder and placement agent warrants, as of the final closing date October 23, 2023. Since the exercise price was no longer a variable, the Company concluded that the noteholder and placement agent warrants should no longer be accounted for as a derivative liability in accordance with ASC 815 guidelines related to equity indexation and classification. The derivative liabilities related to those warrants were therefore marked to market as of October 23, 2023 and then transferred to equity (collectively, “End of warrants derivative treatment”) in the amount of $1,278,786 (Note 8).

For the Series C Notes, the Company recognized debt issuance costs of $207,361 during the year ended March 31, 2024 and treated these as debt discounts. The Company also recognized additional debt discount in the amount of $1,005,829 in connection with the recognition of derivative liabilities for the conversion features, investor warrants and placement agent warrants. The debt discounts are recorded as a contra liability against the convertible note and are amortized and recognized as accretion expenses using the effective interest method over the remaining lives of the Notes.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024 the Company recognized discount amortization of $1,267,668 and $693,518, respectively, on Series C Notes as accretion and amortization expense. As of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the remaining unamortized discount on Series C convertible notes was $nil and $1,232,274, respectively.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, convertible notes with a face value of $1,487,700 and accrued interest of $237,230, were converted into 2,173,089 common shares. As of March 31, 2025,577,644 shares are recognized as an obligation for shares to be issued relating to the conversions. The fair value of common shares issued during the year ended March 31, 2025 is $2,431,178, and is determined based on market price upon conversion. Total value of debt settled is in the amount of $2,234,232, which consisted of the face value of notes converted, accrued interest of $237,230, and relevant derivative liability of $509,303. The Company recognized a loss upon conversion of $196,945, respectively, representing the difference between the value of debt settled and fair value of shares issued and to be issued.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, convertible notes with a face value of $150,000 and accrued interest of $34,864, were redeemed for a cash payment of $184,864. The Company recorded a $nil gain on redemption related to the conversion, representing the difference between the value of the debt settled and the cash payment value.

As of March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $53,188 and $253,643, respectively, related to the Series C Notes.

During the years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense in the amounts of $70,712 and $251,045, respectively.

Convertible Preferred Notes

The Company entered into a convertible preferred note financing on September 25, 2023 and issued a convertible note (“Preferred Note”) for a principal amount of $1,000,000. The Preferred Note matures on the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the issuance date, or if there be more than one closing pursuant to a qualified offering as defined in the financing agreement, the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the last closing date of the offering (the “Maturity Date”). The Preferred Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 12% which is payable in cash monthly.

The Company also issued a Preferred Note on October 25, 2023 in the principal amount of $250,000. The Preferred Note matures on the eighteen month anniversary of the issuance date, or if there will be more than one closing pursuant to a qualified offering as defined in the financing agreement, the eighteen month anniversary of the last closing date of the offering. The Preferred Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 12%, which is payable in cash quarterly.

The Company issued a further Preferred Note in January 2024 for a principal amount of $114,303. The Preferred Note matures on the twenty-four (24) month anniversary of the issuance date, or if there will be more than one closing pursuant to a qualified offering as defined in the financing agreement, the twenty-four month anniversary of the last closing date of the offering. The Preferred Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 8% which is payable in cash quarterly.

The Company also issued a Preferred Note on June 17, 2024, for a principal amount of $300,000. The Preferred Note matures on the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the issuance date, or if there will be more than one closing pursuant to a qualified offering as defined in the financing agreement, the eighteen month anniversary of the last closing date of the offering (the “Maturity Date”). The Preferred Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 12% which is payable in cash quarterly.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued $1,985,000 in unsecured convertible promissory notes to private investors; $100,000 of the notes mature on their six-month anniversary of issuance and bear interest of 20%; $710,000 of the notes mature on their twenty four-month anniversary of issuance and bear interest of 10%; and $1,175,000 of the notes mature on their eighteen-month anniversary of issuance and bear not interest; all of the notes have conversion features that require the mutual consent of the investor and the Company. Since the conversion is not in control of the holder of the note, the Company did not recognize a derivative liability in connection with the conversion option of the Other Convertible Notes.

As of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $36,163 and $4,103, respectively, related to the Preferred Notes.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized interest expense in the amount of $180,888 (2024: $74,851).

Other Convertible Notes

On January 23, 2023, the Company issued $2,000,000 (face value) in convertible preferred notes (“the Notes”) to an accredited investor. The Notes mature 18 months from the issuance date. This note bears interest rate at a fixed rate of 10% in the form of stock with a striker price equal to the closing stock price on the note issuance date. Therefore, the Company issued 45,045 units of common stock in lieu of interest on this convertible note. These stocks were valued at $221,621 and was recognized as a deferred cost on the convertible note, recorded as a contra liability against the convertible note, and was amortized and recognized as accretion expense using the effective interest rate method over the remaining lives of the Notes.

The conversion of the Notes is automatic upon a Qualified Financing which is in the control of the Company, or at maturity of the notes, upon mutual agreement by the noteholder and the Company. Since the conversion is not in control of the holder of the note, the Company did not recognize a derivative liability in connection with the conversion option of the Notes.

As of March 31, 2024, the discount on Other Convertible Notes was fully amortized. As of March 31, 2023, the remaining unamortized discount on Other Convertible Notes was $186,404.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024 the Company recognized discount amortization of $nil and $186,404, respectively, on the Notes as accretion and amortization expense.

Other Short-term loans and Promissory Notes

In December 2022, the Company entered into a short-term bridge loan agreement with a collateralized merchant finance company that advanced gross proceeds of $400,000, prior to the deduction of issuance costs in the amount of $9,999. The issuance costs were recognized as a debt discount and amortized via the effective interest method. The term of the finance agreement is 40 weeks. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $13,995 ($560,000 in the aggregate). As of March 31, 2024, the principal was fully repaid and discount for this loan was fully amortized. The discount amortization during the years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024 was $nil and $6,142, respectively, and was recognized as part of the accretion and amortization expenses. In addition, the Company recognized $nil and $66,213 accretion expenses, during the years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, respectively, related to the increase in present value of the loan over its term. For the year ended March 31, 2025, total repayments for the loan amounted to $nil.

In December 2022, the Company also entered into a short-term collateralized bridge loan agreement with a finance company that advanced gross proceeds of $800,000, prior to the deduction of issuance costs in the amount of $32,000. The issuance costs were recognized as a debt discount and amortized via the effective interest method. The term of this second agreement is 40 weeks. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $29,556 ($13,999 for the first four weeks, and $1,120,000 in the aggregate). As of March 31, 2024, the principal was fully repaid and discount for this loan was fully amortized. The discount amortization during years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, was $nil and $20,800, respectively, which was recognized as part of the accretion and amortization expenses. In addition, the Company recognized $nil and $148,027 accretion expenses, during the years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, respectively, related to the increase in present value of the loan over its term. As of March 31, 2025, total repayments for the loan amounted to $nil.

In December 2022, the Company entered into a promissory note agreement with an individual investor that resulted in gross proceeds of $600,000 (the “Principal Amount”). The note has a fixed rate of interest at 25% per annum payable monthly on the first day of every month. This promissory note matured on December 15, 2023, when the Principal Amount became due. The note has various default provisions which would, if triggered, result in the acceleration of the Principal Amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. The note also has a 3% early payment penalty provision. As of March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the amount of principal outstanding on the note was $600,000, and accrued interest outstanding on the note was $12,723 and $12,723, respectively. The note continues to accrue interest, and no repayment demand notification was received from noteholder. During the years ended March 31, 2025, and March 21, 2024, the Company recorded interest expense in the amount of $150,000 and $150,411, respectively, related to the promissory note.

On December 30, 2022, the Company extinguished 51,101 warrants that were originally issued to Series A Convertible Noteholders and replaced these warrants with a new promissory note issued to the same warrant holder. The new promissory note has principal balance of $270,000, stated interest of zero, and maturity date of December 31, 2023. The fair value of this new promissory note was $248,479 as of the issuance date, which was calculated using a discount rate that was comparable to other loan issuance at the same time as well as the market bond rates at the time of the promissory note issuance. The difference between the fair value of the new note and its principal balance was $21,521, and was recognized as a discount, and amortized via effective interest rate method. The Company compared the fair value of the extinguished warrants immediately prior to extinguishment against the fair value of the new promissory note issued. As of March 31, 2025, the obligation to repay the principal balance at the original maturity date was waived for a finance charge of $50,000, which the Company recorded as interest expense in the in the statement of operations. As of March 31, 2025, the amount of principal outstanding on the note was $270,000, and the remaining unamortized discount was $nil. During years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, the Company recognized amortization of discount on this promissory note in the amounts of $nil and $7,304, respectively, as accretion and amortization expenses. As of March 31, 2025, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $50,000 related to this promissory note.

On March 29, 2023, the Company entered into an additional collateralized bridge loan agreement with a finance company that advanced gross proceeds of $300,000, prior to the deduction of issuance costs in the amount of $12,000. The issuance costs were recognized as a debt discount and would be amortized via the effective interest method. The term of this agreement is 40 weeks. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $5,250 for the first four weeks, and $11,083 for the remaining 36 weeks, which is $420,000 in aggregate. On July 18, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment with the finance company and increased total proceeds borrowed to $700,000. The proceeds from the amended loan balance were netted against previously outstanding balance of the loan, along with an issuance cost in the amount of $28,000. The term of this new loan agreement is 40 weeks. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $24,500, which is $980,000 in aggregate. The Company accounted for this amendment as a debt extinguishment and recognized a loss on the amendment of $59,161 in other expenses. The issuance costs on the amended loan were recognized as a debt discount and would be amortized via the effective interest method. As of March 31, 2025, the amount of principal outstanding under this amended agreement was $nil and the remaining unamortized issuance cost discount was $nil. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $2,800 of amortization of discount as accretion and amortization expenses. In addition, the Company recognized $4,152 accretion expenses, during the year ended March 31, 2025, related to the increase in present value of the loan over its term. During the year ended, net repayments for the loan amounted to $191,500.

In June 2023, the Company entered into a secured revolving account purchase credit and inventory financing facility (the “Revolving Facility”) with a revolving loan lender, pursuant to which the lender may from time to time purchase certain discrete account receivables from the Company (with full recourse) or may make loans and provide other financial accommodations, the payment of which are guaranteed and secured by certain assets of the Company. In assigning the selling accounts receivables to the revolving loan lender, the Company is receiving 85% of their value as an advance of its regular collection of those receivables, limited to $1.2 million in financing, and expects to receive the remaining balance as part of normal collection activities. The inventory financing provided by this facility was limited to the lower of $0.3 million, or a 40% maximum of inventory balances. The Revolving Facility was accounted for as a secured borrowing. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had drawn $1,541,797 (2024: $1,286,792) in accounts receivable financing and $158,000 (2024: $125,000) in inventory financing with aggregate principal outstanding of $1,699,797 (2024: $1,411,792). During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized interest expense in the amount of $431,356 (2024: $263,696) As of March 31, 2025, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $28,052 (2024: $23,879) related to the Revolving Facility.

On July 13, 2023, the Company entered into another short-term bridge loan agreement with a collateralized merchant finance company that advanced gross proceeds of $400,000, prior to the deduction of issuance costs in the amount of $24,000. The issuance costs were recognized as a debt discount and amortized via the effective interest method. The term of the finance agreement is 14 weeks. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $38,705 ($540,000 in the aggregate). As of March 31, 2025, the principal was fully repaid and discount for this loan was fully amortized. No repayments were made during the year ended March 31, 2025.

On August 11, 2023, the Company issued two short term promissory notes (“August 2023 Notes”), each for a principal amount of $250,000, to one investor for aggregate gross proceeds of $500,000. The August 2023 Notes do not accrue formal interest, but do contain administrative fees in the aggregate of $75,000. One of the notes matures three months from the issuance date upon which the principal amount of $250,000 and an administrative fee of $25,000 is due. The second note matures six months from the issuance date upon which the principal amount of $250,000 and an administrative fee of $50,000 is due. The administrative fees were accrued as interest expenses for the period of the loans outstanding. As of March 31, 2025, the amount of principal outstanding on the note was $72,500, and accrued interest outstanding on the note was $75,000.

On December 8, 2023, the Company entered into a short-term bridge loan agreement with a collateralized merchant finance company that advanced gross proceeds of $630,000, prior to the deduction of issuance costs in the amount of $15,750. The issuance costs were recognized as a debt discount and amortized via the effective interest method. The term of the finance agreement is 44 weeks. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $19,195 ($844,200 in the aggregate). As of March 31, 2025, the amount of principal outstanding under this short-term bridge loan agreement was $nil and the remaining unamortized issuance cost discount was $nil. During the year ended March 31, 2025 the Company recognized $10,023 (2024: $5,727) of amortization of discount as accretion and amortization expenses. In addition, the Company recognized $93,895 (2024: $120,305) accretion expenses during year ended March 31, 2025, related to the increase in present value of the loan over its term. As of March 31, 2025, total repayments for the loan amounted to $570,425.

During February 2024, the Company entered into a promissory note agreement with an individual investor that resulted in gross proceeds of $660,504 (the “Principal Amount”). The note has a fixed rate of interest at 12% per annum on the principle amount, payable monthly. As of March 31, 2025, the amount of principal outstanding on the note was $660,932, and accrued interest outstanding on the note was $86,455 (2024: $7,101). The note continues to accrue interest, and no repayment demand notification was received from note holder. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized interest expense in the amount of $79,312 (2024: $7,131) related to the promissory note.

On February 2, 2024, the Company entered into a short-term bridge loan agreement with a collateralized merchant finance company that advanced gross proceeds of $700,000, prior to the deduction of issuance costs in the amount of $35,000. The issuance costs were recognized as a debt discount and amortized via the effective interest method. The term of the finance agreement is 35 weeks. The Company is required to make weekly payments of $29,235 ($1,008,000 in the aggregate). As of March 31, 2025, the amount of principal outstanding under this agreement was $nil and the remaining unamortized issuance cost discount was $nil. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $26,879 (2024: $8,121) of amortization of discount as accretion and amortization expenses. In addition, the Company recognized $193,015 (2024: $114,985) accretion expenses during year ended March 31, 2025, related to the increase in present value of the loan over its term. As of March 31, 2025, total repayments for the loan amounted to $745,305.

6. TERM LOAN AND CREDIT AGREEMENT

Term Loan

On December 21, 2021, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with SWK Funding LLC (“Lender’); as part of this, the Company has borrowed $12.4 million, with a maturity date of December 21, 2026. The principal will accrue interest at the LIBOR Rate plus 10.5% per annum (subject to adjustment as set forth in the Credit Agreement). Interest payments are due each February, May, August and November commencing February 15, 2022. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Company will be required to make interest only payments for the first 24 months (which may be extended to 36 months under prescribed circumstances), after which payments will include principal amortization that accommodates a 40% balloon principal payment at maturity. The Company and the Lender have negotiated the terms under which the Company will be allowed to extend the interest-only period and delay the start of principal repayment. The negotiated terms indicate principal repayment of $2.4 million ($600,000 per quarter), during the final two years of the term. A current portion of the term loan of $2,400,000 was reported in the Company’s current liabilities as at December 31, 2024. Prepayment of amounts owing under the Credit Agreement is allowed under prescribed circumstances. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement the Company is subject to an Origination Fee in the amount of $120,000. Upon Termination of the Credit Agreement, the Company shall pay an Exit Fee, along with other fees that may be assessed during the term of the loan. As part of the loan transaction, the Company paid legal and professional costs directly in connection to the debt financing in the amount of $50,000 in cash. Total costs directly in connection to the debt financing in the amount of $193,437 (professional fee $48,484; lender’s origination fee, due diligence fee, and other expenses in the amount of $144,953) were deduced from the gross proceeds in the amount of $12,000,000. The Company also repaid $1,574,068 of existing short-term loan and promissory notes and relevant accrued interests by using the proceeds from the loan. Total costs directly in connection to the loan and fair value of warrants was in the amount of $1,042,149. And such costs were accounted for as debt discount and amortized using the effective interest method. The amortization of such debt discount was included in the accretion and amortization expenses. During November 2022, unpaid interest of $364,000 was added to the outstanding principal balance, since then interest onwards would be calculated on the updated principal balance. In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued 57,536 warrants to the Lender, which were fair-valued at $198,713 at issuance (Note 9). The warrants were accounted as part of the debt discount as well as a credit into additional paid-in capital and amortized using the effective interest method.

The Company and Lender also entered into a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement (“Collateral Agreement”) wherein the Company agreed to secure the Credit Agreement with all of the Company’s assets. The Company and Lender also entered into an Intellectual Property Security Agreement dated December 21, 2021 (the “IP Security Agreement”) wherein the Credit Agreement is also secured by the Company’s right title and interest in the Company’s Intellectual Property.

In November 2024, the Company completed an additional transaction with its term lender to receive an additional $635 thousand in term loan proceeds, and interest relief through the capitalization of approximately $1.5 million in interest amounts due on its existing term loan. As part of this arrangement, the Company issued 600,000, 7-year share warrants to the term lender with a strike price of $0.50 per share and agreed to increase the term loan exit fee to $1.425 million at the end of its 5-year term. Concurrently, the Company received waiver and forbearance relief on certain term loan covenants and their respective defaults.

The amortization of such debt discount was included in the accretion and amortization expenses. For the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the amortization of debt discount expense was $356,778 and $206,224 respectively.

Total interest expense on the term loan for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 $2,180,897 and $1,981,054, respectively. During November 2024, the unpaid interest of $1.5 million was added to the outstanding principal balance, since then interest onwards would be calculated on the updated principal balance.

The Company had accrued interest payable of $404,621 and $795,656, respectively, as of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

7. FEDERALLY GUARANTEED LOAN

Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”)

In April 2020, the Company received $370,900 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) under the captioned program. The loan has a term of 30 years and an interest rate of 3.75% per annum, without the requirement for payment in its first 12 months. The Company may prepay the loan without penalty at will.

In May 2021, the Company received an additional $499,900 from the SBA under the same terms.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company recorded accrued interest of $Nil for the EIDL loan (March 31, 2024: $26,497).

Interest expense on the above loan was $32,655 and $32,744 for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

8. DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

The Company analyzed the compound features of variable conversion and redemption embedded in the preferred shares instrument, for potential derivative accounting treatment on the basis of ASC 820 (Fair Value in Financial Instruments), ASC 815 (Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities), Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 00–19 and EITF 07–05, and determined that the embedded derivatives should be bundled and valued as a single, compound embedded derivative, bifurcated from the underlying equity instrument, treated as a derivative liability, and measured at fair value. A roll-forward of activity is presented below for the year ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The lattice methodology was used to value the derivative components, using the following assumptions:

In addition, the Company recorded derivative liabilities related to the conversion and redemption features of the convertible notes, as well as warrants that were issued in connection with the convertible notes (Note 5). Any noteholder and placement agent warrants that were issued after the finalization of exercise price was accounted for as equity.

The Monte-Carlo methodology was used to value the convertible note and warrant derivative components, using the following assumptions:

9. STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY

(a) Authorized and Issued Stock

As at March 31, 2025, the Company is authorized to issue 125,000,000 (March 31, 2024 –125,000,000) shares of common stock ($0.001 par value), and 10,000,000 (March 31, 2024 –10,000,000) shares of preferred stock ($0.001 par value),20,000 of which (March 31, 2024 –20,000) are designated shares of Series A preferred stock ($0.001 par value) and 600 (March 31, 2024 –600) are designated shares of Series B preferred stock ($0.001 par value).

At March 31, 2025, common shares and shares directly exchangeable into equivalent common shares that were issued and outstanding totaled 26,241,967 (2024 –9,514,440) shares; these were comprised of 26,081,295 (2024 –9,353,768) shares of common stock and 160,672 (2024 –160,672) exchangeable shares. At March 31, 2025, there were 201 Series A shares of Preferred Stock that were issued and outstanding (2024 –6,304), and there were 385 shares of Series B Preferred Stock that were issued and outstanding (March 31, 2024 –180). There is also one share of the Special Voting Preferred Stock issued and outstanding held by one holder of record, which is the Trustee in accordance with the terms of the Trust Agreement and outstanding as at March 31, 2025 and 2024.

(b) Series A Preferred Stock

The number of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 201 and 6,304.

The Series A Preferred Stock is junior to the Company’s existing undesignated preferred stock, and unless otherwise set forth in the applicable certificate of designations, shall be junior to any future issuance of preferred stock. The purchase price (the “Purchase Price”) for the Series A Preferred Stock to date has been $100 per share. Except as otherwise expressly required by law, the Series A Preferred Stock does not have voting rights and does not have any liquidation rights.

Preferred Stock Dividends

Dividends shall be paid at the rate of 12% per annum of the amount of the Series A Preferred Stockholder’s (the “Holder”) Purchase Price. Dividends shall be paid quarterly unless the Holder and the Company mutually agree to accrue and defer any such dividend.

Conversion

The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock commencing 24 months after the issuance date of the Series A Preferred Stock. Upon which, on a monthly basis, up to 5% of the aggregate amount of the Purchase Price can be converted (subject to adjustment for changes in the Holder’s ownership of the underlying Series A Preferred Stock). The conversion price is equal to the greater of $.001 or a 15% discount to the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s common stock five Trading Days immediately prior to the conversion date (the “Conversion Rate). Additionally, subject to certain provisions, the Holder may exchange its Series A Preferred Stock into any common stock financing being conducted by the Company at a 15% discount to the pricing of that financing.

Other Adjustments and Rights

● The Conversion Rate (and shares issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock) will be appropriately adjusted to reflect stock splits, stock dividends business combinations and similar recapitalization.

● The Holders shall be entitled to a proportionate share of certain qualifying distributions on the same basis as if they were holders of the Company’s common stock on an as converted basis.

Company Redemption

The Company may redeem all or part of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock after one year from the date of issuance by paying an amount equal to the aggregate Purchase Price paid, adjusted for any reduction in Series A Preferred Stock holdings, multiplied by 110% plus accrued dividends

During the year ended March 31, 2025, $6,104,444 of Series A Preferred Stock (face value) and $1,071,542 accrued dividends thereon were converted into 8,952,170 common shares. The conversion was accounted as an extinguishment and the difference between the total carrying value of the preferred shares converted, derivative liabilities derecognized and unpaid dividend at the time of conversion($7,984,463), and the fair value of the common shares issued ($11,039,142), was $3,054,680 and was recognized as a deemed dividend expense.

(c) Series B Preferred Stock and Mezzanine Equity

On September 19, 2023, the Company entered into a security purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an institutional investor (the “Investor”) for the issuance and sale of 220 shares of the Company’s newly designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $9,091 per share of Preferred Stock, and after accounted for other issuance related costs, the net proceeds received was in the amount of $1,900,000.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued an additional 110 Series B preferred shares were issued for net proceeds of $925,000. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued an additional and 220 Series B preferred shares for net proceeds of $nil and $1,732,532, respectively.

Shares of Series B Preferred Stock and shares of Common Stock of the Company that are issuable upon conversion of, or as dividends on, the Series B Preferred Stock were offered and were issued pursuant to the Prospectus Supplement, filed September 19, 2023, to the Prospectus included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-255544) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2021, and declared effective May 4, 2021.

Pursuant to the initial Purchase Agreement, on September 19, 2023, the Company filed a certificate of designations of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designations”) with the Nevada Secretary of State designating 600 shares of the Company’s shares of Preferred Stock as Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and setting forth the voting and other powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights of the Preferred Shares. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock has a stated value of $10,000 per share.

The Series B Preferred Stock, with respect to the payment of dividends, distributions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company, ranks senior to all capital stock of the Company unless the holders of the majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock consent to the creation of other capital stock of the Company that is senior or equal in rank to the Series B Preferred Stock.

Holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive cumulative dividends (“Dividends”), in shares of common stock or cash on the stated value at an annual rate of 8% (which will increase to 15% if a Triggering Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) occurs. Dividends will be payable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, upon any redemption, or upon any required payment upon any Bankruptcy Triggering Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations).

Holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to convert shares of Series B Preferred Stock into a number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the stated value (plus any accrued but unpaid dividends and other amounts due) by the conversion price. The initial conversion price is $3.50, subject to adjustment in the event the Company sells common stock at a price lower than the then-effective conversion price. Holders may not convert the Series B Preferred Stock to common stock to the extent such conversion would cause such holder’s beneficial ownership of common stock to exceed 4.99% of the outstanding common stock. In addition, the Company will not issue shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock in an amount exceeding 19.9% of the outstanding common stock as of the initial issuance date unless the Company receives shareholder approval for such issuances.

Holders may elect to convert shares of Series B Preferred Stock to common stock at an alternate conversion price equal to 80% (or 70% if the Company’s common stock is suspended from trading on or delisted from a principal trading market or if the Company has effected a reverse split of the common stock) of the lowest daily volume weighed average price of the common stock during the Alternate Conversion Measuring Period (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). In the event the Company receives a conversion notice that elects an alternate conversion price, the Company may, at its option, elect to satisfy its obligation under such conversion with payment in cash in an amount equal to 110% of the conversion amount.

The Series B Preferred Stock will automatically convert to common stock upon the 24-month anniversary of the initial issuance date of the Series B Preferred Stock.

At any time after the earlier of a holder’s receipt of a Triggering Event notice and such holder becoming aware of a Triggering Event and ending on the 20th trading day after the later of (x) the date such Triggering Event is cured and (y) such holder’s receipt of a Triggering Event notice, such holder may require the Company to redeem such holder’s shares of Series B Preferred Stock.

Upon any Bankruptcy Triggering Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), the Company will be required to immediately redeem all of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock.

The Company will have the right at any time to redeem all or any portion of the Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding at a price equal to 110% of the stated value plus any accrued but unpaid dividends and other amounts due.

Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will have the right to vote on an as-converted basis with the common stock, subject to the beneficial ownership limitation set forth in the Certificate of Designations.

The Series B Preferred Stock was accounted for as Mezzanine Equity in accordance with ASC 480 -Distinguishing Liabilities from Equityand the embedded conversion and redemption features was separated from the host instrument and recognized as derivative liabilities with change in fair value at each reporting period end recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. (Note 8).

During the three months ended December 31, 2023,40 Series B preferred shares and dividends accrued thereon were converted into 612,062 common shares. As a result of the conversion, the Company reduced the book value of mezzanine equity by $228,727 and reduced its accrued dividends liability by $16,789. The Company also reduced the fair value of derivative liabilities by $119,359 in relation to related to the shares converted. The Company recognized corresponding credits to common share par value and paid in capital.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024,25 Series B preferred shares and dividends accrued thereon were converted into 320,321 to be issued common shares. As a result of the conversion, the Company reduced the book value of mezzanine equity by $142,908. The Company also reduced the fair value of derivative liabilities related to the shares converted by $75,523. The Company recognized corresponding credits to be issued common share par value and paid in capital.

During the year ended March 31, 2025,100 Series B preferred shares and dividends accrued thereon were converted into 3,650,361 common shares. As a result of the conversion, the Company reduced the book value of mezzanine equity by $571,629. The Company also reduced the fair value of derivative liabilities related to the shares converted by $351,214 related to the shares converted during the the year ended March 31, 2025. The Company recognized corresponding credits to be issued common shares.

A roll-forward of activity is presented below for the year ended March 31, 2025:

(d) Share issuances

Share issuances during the year ended March 31, 2025

During the three months and the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company issuednil and 320,321 common shares to Series B preferred shareholders, respectively, in relation to shares to be issued obligation as of March 2024 for Series B preferred share conversions.

In October 2024, the Company issued 1,197,770 common shares on partial conversion of 25 shares of Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, and a further 233,441 additional common shares required to complete its conversion obligation of a conversion of 25 shares of Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock that was triggered on July 11, 2024. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued another 1,431,181 and 2,867,448 common shares to Series B preferred shareholders for an additional request to convert 25 and 75 Series B preferred shares, respectively (see Note 9(c)). In addition, during the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued 616,666 common shares for services received with a fair value of $292,596, which was recognized as a general and administrative expense with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital. During that same period, the Company issued 100,000 shares of common stock valued at $26,000 to a consultant as part of agreed contract remuneration In addition, the Company issued 480,000 common shares to an executive as part of a bonus compensation arrangement. The shares were issued in settlement of previously accrued bonus liabilities, with a total fair value of $206,400 recognized in the financial statements.During the year ended March 31, 2025, convertible notes with a face value of $1,487,700 were converted into 2,173,089 common shares. The fair value of common shares issued during the year ended March 31, 2025, is $2,431,178, and is determined based on market price upon conversion. Total value of debt settled is in the amount of $2,234,232, which consisted of the face value of notes converted, accrued interest of $237,230, and relevant derivative liability of $509,303. The Company recognized a loss upon conversion of $196,945, representing the difference between the value of debt settled and fair value of shares issued and to be issued. (Note 5).

During the year ended March 31, 2025, $6,104,444 of Series A Preferred Stock (face value) and $1,071,542 relevant accrued dividend were converted into 8,952,170 common shares. The conversion was accounted as an extinguishment and the difference between the total carrying value of the preferred shares converted, derivative liabilities derecognized and unpaid dividend at the time of conversion($7,984,463), and the fair value of the common shares issued ($11,039,142) was $3,054,680 and was recognized as deemed dividend expense.

The Company issued 1,000,413 common shares in settlement of $741,316 in amount due to a shareholder which was part of the accounts payable. The Company recognized a loss upon debt extinguishment of $249,093, which was the difference between the accounts payable settled and the fair value of common shares issued. The loss was included as part of the other income (expense) in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The Company issued 97,811 common shares for net proceeds of $125,227 pursuant to a registration statement filed on May 15, 2024.

The Company issued 716,666 shares pursuant to the services provided by consultant (236,666 shares) and a director of the Company (480,000), and the fair of those shares were determined by using market value relative to the issuance.

Share issuances during the year ended March 31, 2024

The Company sold 36,897 common shares through use of its registration statement, for gross proceeds of $123,347, raising a net amount of $119,285 after paying for a 3% placement fee and other issuance expenses. In addition,20,846 shares of common stock were issued to existing holders as a result of make whole provisions associated with the Reverse Split.

(e) Shares to be issued

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company issuednil common shares to Series C Note holders, in relation to shares to be issued obligation as of June 30, 2024, for Series C Note conversions.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued 320,321 common shares to Series B preferred shareholders in relation to shares to be issued obligation as of March 31, 2024, for Series B preferred share conversions.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, Series C Notes with a face value of $1,487,700, were converted into 2,173,089 common shares, respectively. As of March 31, 2025,577,644 shares are recognized as an obligation for shares to be issued relating to the conversion.

(f) Warrant issuances, exercises and other activity

Warrant issuances during the year ended March 31, 2025

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued a 1,200,000 warrant to its executive against the stock options from the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, with exercise price of 0.43. The Company recorded stock-based compensation of $422,456 under selling, general and administrative expenses with corresponding credit to additional paid in capital.

In November 2024, the Company issued 600,000, 7-year share warrants to the term lender with a strike price of $0.50 per share with the fair value of 152,184 against an additional transaction with its term lender. The Company increased the liability with corresponding credit to additional paid in Capital.

Warrant issuances during the year ended March 31, 2024

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 868,098 note holder warrants and 69,062 placement agent warrants related to the final closing of Series C convertible notes (Note 5). These warrants relate to Series C Convertible Notes. Prior to the final closing date (October 23, 2023) of Series C Convertible Notes, the Company determined that the obligations to issue note holder warrants and placement agent warrants represented a derivative liability that meets the requirements for liability classification under ASC 815. The Company accounted for these obligations by determining the fair value of the related derivative liabilities. Subsequently, the exercise price of all warrants was concluded and locked to $4.18 and $2.09, respectively, for the note holder and placement agent warrants, as of the final closing date October 23, 2023. Since the exercise price was no longer a variable, the Company concluded that the note holder and placement agent warrants should no longer be accounted for as a derivative liability in accordance with ASC 815 guidelines related to equity indexation and classification. The derivative liabilities related to those warrants were therefore marked to market as of October 23, 2023 and then transferred to equity (collectively, “End of warrants derivative treatment”). The warrants were therefore recognized with a reduction of $1,278,786 against the derivative liability and a corresponding credit against paid in capital.

Warrant exercises and issuances during the year ended March 31, 2023

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued 8,972 warrants as compensation to an executive of the Company who was not part of the Company stock options plan. The warrant expenses were fair-valued at $77,414, and recognized as general and administrative expenses, with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 19,714 warrants as compensation to an executive of the Company who was not part of the Company stock options plan. The warrant expenses were fair-valued at $77,332, and recognized as general and administrative expenses, with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital.

During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 36,463 warrants as compensation to an executive of the Company who was not part of the Company stock options plan. The fair value of the warrants at issuance was $77,780 and was recognized as a general and administrative expense, with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital. In addition, the Company added 52,083 warrants to its outstanding warrant schedule in connection with warrants issued to Series B convertible note holders. This has no impact on paid-in capital as the fair value of warrants was already accounted for as part of the original Series B convertible note issuance accounting entries. Lastly, the Company extinguished and exchanged 51,101 warrants for promissory notes [Note 5] that resulted in an adjustment to additional paid-in capital in the amount of $71,768.

Warrant issuances, exercises and expirations or cancellations during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 as follows:

Warrant activity during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is indicated below:

(g) Stock-based compensation

2016 Equity Incentive Plan

On February 2, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Company’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The purpose of the Plan is to advance the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing an incentive to attract, retain and reward persons performing services for the Company and by motivating such persons to contribute to the growth and profitability of the Company. The Plan seeks to achieve this purpose by providing for awards in the form of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock purchase rights, restricted stock bonuses, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and other stock-based awards.

The Plan shall continue in effect until its termination by the board of directors or committee formed by the board; provided, however, that all awards shall be granted, if at all, on or before the day immediately preceding the tenth (10th) anniversary of the effective date. The maximum number of shares of stock that may be issued under the Plan shall be equal to 1,241,422 shares ; provided that the maximum number of shares of stock that may be issued under the Plan pursuant to awards shall automatically and without any further Company or shareholder approval, increase on January 1 of each year for not more than 10 years from the effective date, so the number of shares that may be issued is an amount no greater than 20% of the Company’s outstanding shares of stock and shares of stock underlying any outstanding exchangeable shares as of such January 1; provided further that no such increase shall be effective if it would violate any applicable law or stock exchange rule or regulation, or result in adverse tax consequences to the Company or any participant that would not otherwise result but for the increase.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company granted 2,836,176 stock options (2024:7,210 options) with a weighted average grant date exercise price of $0.5 (2024: $2.774). The Company recorded stock-based compensation of $1,461,698 (2024: $1,025,930) under selling, general and administrative expenses with corresponding credit to additional paid in capital.

During the year ended March 31,2025, the Company Cancelled stock options 931,000 of fair value $41,246 granted to its executive and reissued the stock options of 900,000 with the exercise price of 0.43 per share and fair value of 316,842. In addition to that Company also granted 1,936,176 The Company recorded stock based – compensation with the net amount of 275,596 under selling, general and administrative expenses with corresponding credit to additional paid in capital.

The following table summarizes the stock option activities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025:

The following table summarizes the stock option activities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024:

The fair value of each option granted is estimated at the time of grant using multi-nominal lattice model using the following assumptions, for each of the respective years ended March 31**:**

2023 Equity Incentive Plan and the Employee Stock Purchase Plans

On March 31, 2023, the Company adopted the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”). The 2023 Plan authorizes grants of equity-based and incentive cash awards to eligible participants designated by the 2023 Plan’s administrator. The 2023 Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”). An aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”), plus the number of shares available for issuance under the Company’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan that had not been made subject to outstanding awards, were reserved for issuance under the 2023 Plan. Unless earlier terminated by the Board, the 2023 Plan will remain in effect until all Common Stock reserved for issuance has been issued, provided, however, that all awards shall be granted, if at all, on or before the day immediately preceding the tenth (10th) anniversary of the effective date of the 2023 Plan.

The Company also adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP allows eligible employees of the Company and the Company’s designated subsidiaries the ability to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a discount, subject to various limitations. Under the ESPP, employees will be granted the right to purchase Common Stock at a discount during a series of successive offerings, the duration and timing of which will be determined by the ESPP administrator (the “Administrator”). In no event can any single offering period be longer than 27 months. The purchase price (the “Purchase Price”) for each offering will be established by the Administrator. With respect to an offering under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (“Section 423 Offering”), in no case may such Purchase Price be less than the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 85 percent of the fair market value on the commencement date, or (ii) an amount not less than 85 percent of the fair market value the on the purchase date. In the event of financial hardship, an employee may withdraw from the ESPP by providing a request at least 20 Business Days before the end of the offering period (the “Offering Period”). Otherwise, the employee will be deemed to have exercised the purchase right in full as of such exercise date. Upon exercise, the employee will purchase the number of whole shares that the participant’s accumulated payroll deductions will buy at the Purchase Price. If an employee wants to decrease the rate of contribution, the employee must make a request at least 20 Business Days before the end of an Offering Period (or such earlier date as determined by the Administrator). An employee may not transfer any rights under the ESPP other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. During a participant’s lifetime, purchase rights under the ESPP shall be exercisable only by the participant.

10. INCOME TAXES

Income taxes

The provision for income taxes differs from that computed at combined corporate tax rate of approximately 26% as follows:

Income tax recovery

Deferred tax assets

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company decided that a valuation allowance relating to the above deferred tax assets of the Company was necessary, largely based on the negative evidence represented by losses incurred and a determination that it is not more likely than not to realize these assets, such that, a corresponding valuation allowance, for each respective period, was recorded to offset deferred tax assets.

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has approximately $73,379,434 and $70,043,631, respectively, of non-capital losses available to offset future taxable income. These losses will expire between 2035 to 2039.

As of March 31, 2025, and 2024 the Company was not subject to any uncertain tax positions.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

There are no claims against the Company that were assessed as significant, which were outstanding as at March 31, 2025 and, consequently, no provision for such has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

12. OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE OBLIGATIONS

The Company has one operating lease primarily for office and administration.

During December 2021, the Company entered into a new lease agreement. The Company paid $85,000 deposit that would be returned at the end of the lease. In December 2022, the Company started a new lease with an additional suite in the same premise as the existing lease.

When measuring the lease obligations, the Company discounted lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate. The weighted-average-rate applied is 11.4%.

The operating lease expense was $587,045 for the year ended March 31, 2025 (2024: $564,167) and included in the selling, general and administrative expenses. Operating cash flows from operating leases amounted to $587,164 and $509,041 during the years ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.

The following table represents the contractual undiscounted cash flows for lease obligations as at March 31, 2025:

13. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

During the year-ended March 31, 2022, the Company purchased leasehold improvements of $12,928 (useful life:5 years) as well as furniture & fixtures of $16,839 (useful life:5 years). There wereno purchases of property and equipment during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024. The Company recognized depreciation expense for these assets in the amount of $5,953 and $5,953 during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

During the period from April 1 to July 15, 2025, the following events occurred: