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SHF Holdings, Inc.

For the period ended Mar 31, 2025. Filed May 21, 2025.

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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Mar 31, 2025 · Filed May 21, 2025

SHFS$0.03-1.1%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Organization and Business Operations

Business Description

The Company is based in Golden, Colorado and specializes in providing financial solutions designed to facilitate compliant banking service on behalf of the financial institutions involved in the cannabis industry that partner with us.

The Company facilitates a range of financial services through its financial institution customers using a proprietary technology platform for deposit and ongoing deposit activity compliance with banking regulations and regulators. These include access to business checking and savings accounts, cash management, commercial lending, courier services, remote deposit services, ACH payments, and wire payments. These services enable cannabis businesses to manage their finances effectively. The Company generates revenue from fee income, investment income, loan interest income and by offering compliance services to certain financial institutions serving the cannabis industry.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and results of operations included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC.

Refer to Note 2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A for a description of the Company’s significant accounting policies. The Company has included disclosures below regarding basis of presentation and other accounting policies that (i) are required to be disclosed quarterly, (ii) have material changes or (iii) the Company views as critical as of the date of this report.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the SEC.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to state fairly the consolidated financial condition, results of operations, statements of shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows of the Company for the interim periods presented. Except as otherwise disclosed, all such adjustments consist only of those of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the current year ending December 31, 2025 or other interim periods.

The condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SHF Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries where the Company has controlling financial interests. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and the instructions to Form 10-Q.

Reverse Stock Split

As previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its common stock on March 14, 2025. Unless otherwise stated, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Material estimates that are particularly subject to change in the near term include the determination of the allowance for credit losses, indemnification liabilities, useful lives of intangibles and the fair value of financial instruments. Actual results could differ from the estimates.

Liquidity and Going Concern

Liquidity refers to our ability to meet anticipated cash and cash equivalents demands, including servicing debt, funding operations, maintaining assets, and covering other routine business expenses. Our primary cash outflows include interest repayments, operating costs, and general business expenditures. As of March 31, 2025, the Company does not have significant capital investment commitments.

Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern, the Company is responsible for evaluating whether conditions or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet future financial obligations within one year of the financial statement issuance date. This evaluation involves two steps: (1) assessing whether conditions or events raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, and (2) if substantial doubt is raised, evaluating whether the Company has plans to mitigate that doubt. Disclosures are required if substantial doubt exists or if the Company’s plans alleviate the substantial doubt. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

At March 31, 2025, the Company reported cash and cash equivalents of $931,397 and net working capital deficit of $6,723,895, compared to cash and cash equivalents of $2,324,647 and net working capital deficit of $983,833 as of December 31, 2024. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern depends on its capacity to generate sufficient liquidity to meet financial obligations, including interest repayments under the senior secured note with PCCU (as defined below). The Company has an operating loss of $1,477,923 for the period ended March 31, 2025.

In the first quarter of 2025, the Company experienced a $315,583 decline in total operating expenses compared to the first quarter of 2024, driven by a significant reduction in compensation and employee benefits. However, this positive trend was more than offset by reductions in depository activity, loan interest income, and fee income, in addition to ongoing legal expenses related to shareholder and employee matters. These factors have negatively impacted the Company’s ability to effectively address the going concern uncertainties.

As a result, the Company may need to raise additional debt or equity financing to resolve these challenges. In the event of a default on the Amended PCCU debt, and if the Company is unable to cure the default within the 30-day grace period, the provisions of the debt agreement would allow PCCU to subjectively accelerate the debt and elect to exercise its security interest in all of the Company’s assets. While it is highly likely that the Company’s services would continue in such circumstances, a default would significantly impact the Company’s valuation.

As of March 31, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents amounted to $931,397, which management does not believe is sufficient to fund our operations and meet our obligations as they come due over the next 12 months, as the current funds are projected to support operations only through September 30, 2025. Additionally, the reported working capital deficit, excluding adjustments for non-cash activities, along with the uncertainty surrounding cash flows from operations, raises substantial significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least twelve months from the issuance date of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently developing plans to address its liquidity needs, the probability of success of such plans is uncertain. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

In addition, on April 7, 2025, the Company was notified by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) that it no longer meets the continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market due to a stockholders’ equity deficit of $12,288,014 as of December 31, 2024, which was below the required $2.5 million minimum stockholders’ equity. The Company has been granted 45 calendar days, until May 22, 2025, to submit a plan to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. If the plan is accepted, Nasdaq may grant an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of this letter for the Company to meet the continued listing standards. The Company intends to timely submit a Compliance Plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance with the Shareholders’ Equity requirement. There can be no assurance that Nasdaq will accept the Company’s plan or that the Company will be able to regain compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) or maintain compliance with any other Nasdaq requirement in the future.

Management’s Plan Related to Going Concern

The Company has implemented several initiatives, to address these concerns, including implementing strategic partnerships to broaden its revenue base by providing additional financial services to cannabis operators, renegotiating its senior secured loan with PCCU, offering stock-based compensation in lieu of cash payments to attract and retain talent, and restructuring the Board of Directors’ compensation to better align with stock-based incentives. Additionally, the Company is actively engaged in discussions with various parties, including potential investors, lenders, and strategic partners, to explore financing options or other strategic transactions. While we are working diligently to secure additional financing, there can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful or that any financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or at all. If we are unable to secure sufficient capital, we may need to curtail certain operations or pursue other strategic alternatives. We continue to closely monitor our cash flow on weekly basis and liquidity position and are taking steps to preserve cash. Management remains focused on executing our business plan while addressing these liquidity challenges in a timely manner.

PCCU is the holder of the Senior Secured Promissory Note, as disclosed in Note 9 of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As the holder of this note, PCCU has a security interest in all of the Company’s assets. In the event of default, which may reasonably occur due to the liquidity challenges described herein, PCCU may exercise its rights under this security interest.

CRB deposits are maintained with the Company’s contracted financial institutions; accordingly, the Company’s liquidity issues do not affect the security of these deposits. Furthermore, we do not anticipate any significant impact on the services provided to our CRB clients. The only foreseeable change would be a potential shift in the ownership of the Company’s underlying business operations.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or amounts and classification of liabilities that may result should the Company not continue as a going concern as a result of this uncertainty.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from financial institutions, and investments with maturities of three months or less.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

Adopted Standards

Income Taxes

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). This ASU requires public business entities to disclose in their annual rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about income taxes paid, including certain disclosures that would be disaggregated by jurisdiction and other categories. This ASU is effective for fiscal years after December 15, 2024. Early adoption would be permitted. The Company has prospectively adopted this standard as of January 1, 2025, and the ASU has not had a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, Codification Improvements: Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. Since the Concept Statements are not considered authoritative and do not establish GAAP, the ASU eliminates references to these statements from the codification. The amendments are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and for all other entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company has prospectively adopted this standard as of January 1, 2025, and the ASU has not had a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Standards Pending to be Adopted

ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, was issued in November 2024 and requires public business entities to disaggregate certain income statement expense captions in the footnotes of the financial statements. Specifically, entities must provide disclosures that separately present expenses related to purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depletion (including depreciation, depletion, and amortization for oil and gas producing activities). While this ASU does not change the presentation of expense captions on the face of the statement of operations, it requires detailed disclosures in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt this ASU prospectively and does not anticipate a material impact on its financial reporting as a result of adopting this ASU.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). FASB is issued this update to clarify the effective date of Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendment in this update applies to all public business entities but only potentially affects non-calendar year-end entities. The amendment in this update amends the effective date of Update 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption of update is permitted. The Company will adopt this ASU prospectively and does not anticipate a material impact on its financial reporting as a result of adopting this ASU.

The Company will continue to monitor the development of these standards and intends to adopt them in accordance with their respective effective dates. Additional disclosures will be provided in future filings as the Company finalizes its assessment of these standards’ impacts.

Note 3. Deferred consideration

On November 11, 2022, the Company entered into the first Amendment to the Merger Agreement with Rockview Digital Solutions, Inc. (“Abaca”) and other parties. The Merger Agreement included a $30 million payment through a mix of cash and stock, including $9 million in cash over three instalments and 105,000 Class A Common Stock, alongside deferred stock considerations based on a 10-day volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) formula.

A Second Amendment to the Merger Agreement, dated October 26, 2023, introduced deferred stock consideration of 291,792 shares of Class A Common Stock at a recalculated value of $40.00 per share. No changes were made to the cash payments. Additionally, a third-anniversary consideration of $1.5 million was introduced, payable in cash or stock at the Company’s discretion, along with the issuance of 250,000 stock warrants at $40.00 per share.

The adjustments and changes to deferred consideration have been valued and recorded according to ASC 815 in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The change in the amount of deferred consideration from January 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025, is as follows:

Cash ConsiderationThird Anniversary Consideration Payment
January 1, 2024$2,889,792$810,000
Add: Fair value adjustment126,551(488,000)
December 31, 2024$3,016,343$322,000
Add: Fair value adjustment-(161,000)
March 31, 2025$3,016,343$161,000

On October 17, 2024, the Company caused a Complaint to be filed in the District Court for the City and County of Denver, Colorado, captionedSHF Holdings, Inc. v. Daniel Roda, Gregory W. Ellis, and James R. Carroll, Case No. 2024CV33187 (Denver County District Court). On November 21, 2024, in connection with the Company’s request, the Company caused the $3,000,000 (the “Merger Payment”) to be deposited into the Denver County District Court’s registry so that it can be distributed in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement. On December 19, 2024, Daniel Roda, Gregory W. Ellis, and James R. Carroll caused an answer and counterclaim to be filed in response to the Company Complaint.

On November 20, 2024, the Company deposited $3,000,000 with the District Court of Denver, Colorado, for the court to determine the appropriate disbursement method to Abaca shareholders. This amount is recorded under “Other Current Assets” on the balance sheet.

On January 16, 2025, the Company filed a motion to dismiss all counterclaims filed against the Company.

On April 18, 2025, the District Court for the City and County of Denver, Colorado (i) dismissed Gregory W. Ellis as a counter-plaintiff and third-party plaintiff because Mr. Ellis lacked standing to bring any claim, and (ii) denied a third-party’s request to intervene in the litigation. The remainder of the case will proceed to the discovery phase of litigation.

Note 4. Goodwill and Finite-lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The Company’s goodwill was derived from the Abaca Merger, where the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if a triggering event occurs.

On December 31, 2024, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test in accordance with ASC 350. The assessment determined that the fair value of the asset group was below its carrying amount, leading to a full goodwill impairment charge of $6.06 million.

The Company recorded a full impairment of goodwill for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. As a result, no impairment charges have been recognized for the reporting three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Finite-lived intangible assets

The Company reviews its finite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually on December 31 unless any events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of the finite-lived intangible assets is less than its carrying value.

In accordance with the Company’s established policy, an annual impairment review of finite-lived intangible assets was conducted on December 31, 2024. The recoverability test compared the sum of estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset group to its carrying amount. As the undiscounted cash flows were determined to be lower than the carrying amount, the Company performed a fair value assessment using a Discounted Cash Flow analysis. The results indicated that the fair value of the asset group was below its carrying amount, leading to full impairment charges of $0.05 million for market-related intangible assets, $0.05 million for customer relationships, and $2.99 million for developed technologies.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company did not perform an interim impairment assessment of its assets, as no triggering events were identified. Accordingly, no additional impairment charges were recognized during the reporting period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized amortization expenses of $2,540 for market-related intangible assets, $1,687 for customer relationships, and $152,628 for developed technologies.

The Company recorded a full impairment of market-related intangible assets, customer relationships, and developed technology for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. As a result, no amortization or impairment charges have been recognized for the reporting three months ended March 31, 2025.

Note 5. Loans Receivable

Commercial real estate loans receivable, net consist of the following:

March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate loans receivable, gross$388,944$392,186
Allowance for credit losses--
Commercial real estate loans receivable, net388,944392,186
Current portion(13,580)(13,332)
Noncurrent portion$375,364$378,854

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level believed to be sufficient to provide for estimated credit losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The Company’s estimated the allowance for credit losses on the reporting date in accordance with the credit loss policy described in Note 2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

The allowance for credit losses consists of the following activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Three months ended March 31, · 2025 · 2024
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance$-$10,723
Charge-offs--
Recoveries--
Benefits-(1,642)
Ending balance$-$9,081
Loans receivable:
Individually evaluated for impairment$-$-
Collectively evaluated for impairment388,944401,564
$388,944$401,564
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment$-$-
Collectively evaluated for impairment-9,081
$-$9,081

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no loans were past due, or classified as non-accrual or considered impaired. Additionally, no loans were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025, or 2024.

Credit Quality of Loans:

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks credit quality indicators based on the loan payment status on monthly basis. The Company continuously evaluates the credit quality of each loan by assessing the risk factors and assigning a risk rating based on a variety of factors. Risk factors include property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, projected cash flow, loan structure and exit plan, loan-to-value ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, project sponsorship, and other factors deemed necessary. Based on a 10-point scale, the Company’s loans are rated “0” through “10,” from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:

Risk ratingCategoryDescription
0Risk FreeFree of repayment risk. The loan is fully guaranteed by the full faith and backing of the US Government or entirely secured by cash controlled by SHF.
1Highest QualityHigh caliber loan with the lowest risk of default. Significant excess cash flow after debt service and moderate to low leverage.
2ExcellentHigh quality loan that carry’s a low risk of default. Strong cash flow and relatively few negative individual risk factors.
3GoodLoans with lower-than-average level of risk. Excess cash flow and other factors contributing to the overall low level of risk in the loan.
4AverageRisk factors may be mixed with some negative and some positive aspects, but the overall rating will indicate an average level of risk.
5FairLoans in this category have the maximum level of risk that can be accepted while still recommending a new loan for origination. The loan risk factors may contain multiple negative factors, but they are generally outweighed by the positive aspects of the loan.
6Watch ListThere is a temporary and curable condition resulting in a lower risk rating.
7Special MentionThere is a potential weakness that may result in the deterioration of the prospect of repayment that are not temporary and may require additional collection or workout efforts.
8SubstandardLoans in this category are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors or of the collateral pledged and have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt with distinct possibility of loss. SHF may be required to advance additional funds to manage the loan. Escalated collection activities such as foreclosure have been scheduled with anticipated losses up to 20% of the outstanding balance.
9DoubtfulCollection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. Escalated collection activities such as foreclosure have commenced with anticipated losses from 20% to 50% of the outstanding balance.
10LossUncollectable loans. A complete write-off is imminent although a partial recovery may be affected in the future.

The carrying value of the Company’s loan, excluding the CECL reserve and based on the risk rating, is as follows:

Risk ratingMarch 31, 2025December 31, 2024
6$388,944$392,186
Grand total$388,944$392,186

Note 6. Indemnification Liability

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no indemnified loans outstanding.

As discussed in Note 8 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and pursuant to the PCCU CAA (as defined below), PCCU used to fund loans through a third-party vendor. SHF earned the associated interest and paid PCCU a loan hosting fee at an annual rate of 0.35% of the outstanding loan principal funded and serviced by PCCU, and 0.25% of the outstanding loan principal serviced by SHF. SHF had agreed to indemnify PCCU for losses on certain PCCU loans. The indemnity liability reflected SHF management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent under the agreement as of the balance sheet date.

As per the Amended PCCU CAA (as defined below), effective December 31, 2024, the Company no longer serves as a guarantor of credit losses to PCCU, accordingly reduced the indemnity liability on loans funded by PCCU to $0 at December 31, 2024.

The provision for credit losses (benefit) on the statements of operations consists of the following activity for the years ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024:

March 31, 2025 · March 31, 2024
Commercial real estate loans · Indemnity liability · Total · Commercial real estate loans · Indemnity liability · Total
Credit loss (benefit)$-$-$-$(1,642)$(67,145)$(68,787)

Note 7. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consist of the following:

March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Equipment$45,397$45,397
Software51,69251,692
Improvements71,63571,635
Office furniture215,504215,504
Property and equipment, gross384,228384,228
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(382,515)(381,074)
Property and equipment, net$1,713$3,154

Depreciation and amortization expense was $1,441 and $195,709 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Note 8. Related Party Transactions

PCCU is considered a related party as it holds a significant ownership interest in the Company, is our most significant financial institution customer, serves as the Company’s sole lending financial institution, is the counterparty to the PCCU Note, and is where we maintain the majority of our deposits. The agreements between PCCU and the Company are as follows:

Commercial Alliance Agreement (the “PCC CAA”)

On March 29, 2023, the Company and PCCU entered into a PCCU CAA, which was subsequently amended and restated on December 31, 2024. This agreement sets forth the terms and conditions of lending and account-related services, governing the relationship between the Company and PCCU. The PCCU CAA outlined the application, underwriting, loan approval, and foreclosure processes for loans issued by PCCU to CRBs (as defined below), as well as the loan servicing and monitoring responsibilities of both parties.

In particular, the PCCU CAA provided procedures to be followed upon the default of a loan to ensure that neither the Company nor PCCU would take title to or possession of cannabis-related assets, including real property that may have served as collateral for loans funded by PCCU pursuant to the agreement.

Under the PCCU CAA, PCCU had the right to receive monthly fees for managing loans. For SHF-serviced loans (CRB loans provided by PCCU but primarily handled by SHF), a yearly fee of 0.25% of the remaining loan balance was applied. For loans both financed and serviced by PCCU, a yearly fee of 0.35% on the outstanding balance was charged. These fees were calculated based on the average daily balance of each loan for the preceding month.

Additionally, until December 31, 2024 the Company was obligated under the PCCU CAA to indemnify PCCU from certain default-related loan losses, as fully defined in the agreement.

Furthermore, the PCCU CAA outlined certain fees to be paid to the Company for specified account-related services, including cannabis-related income such as loan origination fees, interest income on CRB-related loans, participation fees, servicing fees, investment income, account activity fees, processing fees, and other revenue. These fees were set at $30.96 per account in 2022, $25.32-$27.85 per account in 2023, and $26.08-$28.69 in 2024.

Regarding CRB deposits held at PCCU, investment and interest income earned on these deposits (excluding interest income on loans funded by PCCU) was shared at a ratio of 25% to PCCU and 75% to the Company. Additionally, PCCU maintained its CRB-related deposits to total assets ratio at 60%, unless otherwise dictated by regulatory, regulator, or policy requirements. The initial term of the PCCU CAA was two years, with a one-year automatic renewal, unless either party provided a one hundred twenty-day written notice prior to the end of the term.

The Amended PCCU CAA extends the term through December 31, 2028, with automatic renewals every two years unless terminated with 12 months’ notice.

The key modifications under the Amended PCCU CAA include several significant changes:

●The indemnification obligations have been eliminated, meaning the Company is no longer required to indemnify PCCU for any loan-related losses under either the original or future agreements.
●The prior fee structure has been replaced by an asset hosting fee structure. Previously, the Company paid various fees to PCCU, including per-account servicing, investment hosting, and loan servicing fees. Under the new structure, the Company will pay a fixed asset hosting fee calculated as 0.01 multiplied by the average daily balance of account relationships generated by the Company, divided by the number of days in the year, and multiplied by the number of days in the applicable month.
●Provides the Company with all investment income earned on CRB funds invested on its behalf by PCCU, effectively eliminating the investment hosting fees that were previously payable.
●The Company’s interest income on all loans with PCCU are now calculated using a loan yield allocation formula that incorporates the Constant Maturity US Treasury Rate from Standard & Poor’s Capital IQ data service, along with a proprietary risk rating formula to determine the fee split between the Company and PCCU. Before the amendment, the Company received the entire interest income from the loan and was responsible for paying loan servicing fees of 0.25% of the loan balance. The amendment removes the loan servicing fees and indemnification liability, while introducing the interest income split between the Company and PCCU.
●There are penalties charged to the Company if it fails to maintain the agreed Loan-to-Share (LTS) Ratio. If the LTS Maximum (60%) is exceeded for over 90 days, the asset hosting fee increases from 1.00% to 1.10% of the average daily balance (ADB) until compliance is restored. If the LTS Minimum (27.5%) is breached, the Company must pay a quarterly adjustment fee based on the shortfall. Additionally, if the LTS Ratio exceeds 100% for 90 days, the Company incurs an interest charge at the Federal Funds Rate + 120 bps, calculated daily and paid monthly.

The schedule below illustrates the ratio of CRB-related loans funded by PCCU to the corresponding lending limits under the Amended PCCU CAA.:

March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
CRB related deposits$103,326,396$116,064,487
Capacity at 60%61,995,83869,638,692
PCCU net worth63,661,69782,400,677
Capacity at 1.312581,369,537108,150,889
Limiting capacity61,995,83869,638,692
PCCU loans funded55,585,48856,794,446
Amounts available under lines of credit1,291,5181,131,708
Incremental capacity$5,118,832$11,712,538

As of March 31, 2025, the Company implemented an improvement to its reporting of business metrics. CRB related deposits historically was computed as of the date reported. As of March 31, 2025, CRB related deposits are being computed using a 30day average. As of December 31, 2024, the incremental capacity if reported using the 30 day average of CRB related deposits of $95,437,402, would have resulted in a shortfall of $663,713.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $1,604,278 and $3,585,856, respectively, in the statements of operations related to the PCCU CAA and Amended PCCU CAA. Corresponding operating expenses under the PCCU CAA and Amended PCCU CAA amounted to $303,512 and $300,261 for the same periods, respectively.

The outstanding balances associated with the PCCU disclosed in the balance sheet are as follows:

March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Accounts receivable$634,076$968,023
Accounts payable157,82875,608
Senior Secured Promissory Note (Refer to Note 9 to the financial statements below)10,748,40811,004,173

Of the $0.9 million and $2.3 million of cash and cash equivalents on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, $0.8 million and $2.2 million of the cash and cash equivalents, respectively, were held in deposit accounts at PCCU.

Note 9. Senior Secured Promissory Note

March 31, 2025 · December 31, 2024
Senior Secured Promissory Note (current)$-$255,765
Senior Secured Promissory Note (long term)10,748,40810,748,408
Total$10,748,408$11,004,173

On March 29, 2023, the Company and PCCU entered into definitive transaction documents to settle and restructure the deferred obligation following the Business Combination under which the Company has issued the five-year Senior Secured Promissory Note (the “PCCU Note”) in the principal amount of $14,500,000 bearing interest at the rate of 4.25% and a Security Agreement, as referenced in Exhibit 3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2023, pursuant to which the Company will grant, as collateral for the PCCU Note, a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company.

The PCCU Note amount was to be paid in 54 installments of $295,487 each, covering both principal and interest, starting from November 5, 2023. For the period between March 29, 2023, and October 5, 2023, the Company had paid only the interest portion.

On January 29, 2025, the Company and PCCU agreed to a Letter Agreement to defer principal payments on the PCCU Note for February and March 2025, with interest payments continuing. On March 1, 2025, the Company entered into the Amended PCCU Note, replacing the original note dated March 29, 2023 and the letter agreement. The Amended PCCU Note has a principal balance of $10,748,408, accruing interest at 4.25% annually, with interest-only payments until January 5, 2027, and full repayment by October 5, 2030. The agreement maintains PCCU’s first-priority security interest and enforces a debt-service coverage ratio of 1.4 to 1.0.

The repayment schedule for the outstanding principal balance as on March 31, 2025, is as follows:

Year
2026 · $ · -
2027697,614
2028790,592
2029826,047
20308,434,155
Grand total$10,748,408

Note 10. Leases

The Company has a non-cancellable operating lease for facility space, which qualifies for capitalization under FASB ASC 842, Leases. The lease has a remaining term of approximately 24 months and includes an option to extend for up to ten additional years; however, the extension option is not recognized as part of the right-of-use asset as it is not reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company has elected not to capitalize leases with terms of one year or less. As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the net right-of-use asset recorded under the operating lease was $664,440 and $703,524, respectively, and the corresponding lease liability was $834,858 and $874,834, respectively.

The Company analyzes contracts above certain thresholds to identify leases and lease components. Lease and non-lease components are not separated for facility space leases. The Company uses its contractual borrowing rate to determine lease discount rates when an implicit rate is not available. Total lease cost for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, included in Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, is detailed in the table below:

Three months ended March 31, 2025Three months ended March 31, 2024
Short-term lease cost$61,006$69,437
Total Lease Cost$61,006$69,437
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
ROU asset that are related to lease properties are presented as follows:
Beginning balance$703,524$859,861
Additions to right-of-use asset--
Amortization charge for the year(39,084)(156,337)
Lease modifications--
Ending balance$664,440$703,524
Further information related to leases is as follows:
Weighted-average remaining lease term2.12 Years2.42 Years
Weighted-average discount rate6.87%6.87%

Future minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

Year
2025$163,534$217,925
2026222,275222,275
2027226,705226,705
2028231,216231,216
2029117,709117,709
Total future minimum lease payments$961,439$1,015,830
Less: Imputed interest126,581140,996
Operating lease liabilities$834,858$874,834
Less: Current portion165,842161,952
Non-current portion of lease liability$669,016$712,882

Note 11. Revenue

Disaggregated revenue

Revenue by type are as follows:

20252024
Account fee income$1,072,465$1,620,994
Loan interest income540,2221,636,756
Investment income300,435773,819
Safe Harbor Program income19,23019,230
Total Revenue$1,932,352$4,050,799

Account fee income is generated from businesses maintaining accounts with the Company’s financial institution partners and includes deposit account fees, account activity fees, and onboarding income. These fees are recognized periodically in accordance with the fee schedule established with financial institution partners. The Company also earns income from outsourced support services provided to financial institutions offering banking solutions to the cannabis industry, with revenue recognized based on usage as specified in the agreements.

Loan interest income includes interest earned on both direct loans and loans under the PCCU CAA, which were indemnified until December 31, 2024. Following the elimination of the indemnification liability upon the execution of the amended PCCU CAA on December 31, 2024, the indemnified status was removed. Under the Amended PCCU CAA, the Company’s interest income on all loans with PCCU has been calculated using a loan yield allocation formula that incorporates the Constant Maturity US Treasury Rate from Standard & Poor’s Capital IQ data service, along with a proprietary risk rating formula to determine the fee split between the Company and PCCU.

Investment income is derived from interest earned on the daily deposit balances of cannabis businesses held with the Company’s financial institution partners and is recognized monthly based on the average net daily deposit balance.

The Safe Harbor Program provides financial institutions with a non-exclusive, non-transferable right to implement and utilize the documented process for managing compliance requirements.

Revenue from account fee income, loan interest income, investment income and Safe Harbor Program income is recognized over time. Payments for all revenue streams, except for Safe Harbor Program income, are collected on a monthly basis. Under the Safe Harbor Program, any difference between amounts collected and revenue recognized as of the reporting date is recorded as contract assets and contract liabilities. Refunds are applicable only to account fees collected from customers and are granted as part of the ongoing business relationship with the customer.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, PCCU’s contributions to the Company’s revenues included $1,068,430 from deposits, activities, and client onboarding, $292,436 from investment income, and $540,222 from loan interest income. The associated expenses for these revenues were $472,635 for account hosting, in accordance with the amended PCCU CAA, classified as “General and Administrative Expenses” in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, PCCU’s contributions to the Company’s revenues included $1,217,675 from deposits, activities, and client onboarding, $731,425 from investment income, and $1,636,756 from loan interest income. The related expenses for these revenue streams were $104,259 for account hosting, $160,101 for investment hosting fees, and $35,901 for loan servicing fees, classified as “General and Administrative Expenses” in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies

Contractual Commitments

In connection with the issuance of Class A Common Stock to Abaca shareholders, the Company commits to registering the stock upon the exercise of Abaca Warrants if required by law or regulation to ensure the shares can be sold without restrictive legends, known as the “Warrant Registration Requirement”. Should this requirement arise, the Company is obliged to file a registration statement with the SEC within 45 calendar days of notification of the Warrant Registration Requirement. The failure to file within this timeframe constitutes an event of default. Moreover, the Company is dedicated to making the registration statement effective as promptly as possible and maintaining its effectiveness, along with a current prospectus, until the Warrants expire according to this Agreement’s terms. In the event a registration statement triggered by a Warrant Registration Requirement is not declared effective by the SEC within one year from its filing date, Warrant holders are entitled to exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis from the 366th day post-filing until the statement becomes effective.

NASDAQ Listing Compliance

On April 7, 2025, the Company received a notice from Nasdaq indicating that it no longer meets the continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market. Specifically, the Company’s stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2024 was a deficit of $12,288,014, which is below the minimum required stockholders’ equity of $2.5 million as stipulated by Nasdaq’s Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). As a result, the Company does not comply with the Nasdaq Capital Market continued listing standards. Furthermore, the Company does not meet the alternative criteria for continued listing, which are based on the market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations.

The Company has been granted 45 calendar days, until May 22, 2025, to submit a plan to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. If the plan is accepted, Nasdaq may grant an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of this letter for the Company to meet the continued listing standards. The Company intends to timely submit a Compliance Plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance with the Shareholders’ Equity Requirement. There can be no assurance that Nasdaq will accept the Company’s plan or that the Company will be able to regain compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) or maintain compliance with any other Nasdaq requirement in the future.

Legal and Related Matters

The Company is involved in, or has been involved in, arbitrations or various other legal proceedings that arise from the normal course of its business. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain, and either unfavorable or favorable outcomes could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, balance sheets and cash flows due to defense costs, and divert management resources. The Company cannot predict the timing or outcome of these claims and other proceedings. With respect to the cases, described below, we evaluate the associated developments on a regular basis and accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Abaca legal case in Denver

On October 17, 2024, the Company caused a Complaint to be filed in the District Court for the City and County of Denver, Colorado, captionedSHF Holdings, Inc. v. Daniel Roda, Gregory W. Ellis, and James R. Carroll, Case No. 2024CV33187 (Denver County District Court). On November 21, 2024, in connection with the Company’s request, the Company caused the Merger Payment to be deposited into the Denver County District Court’s registry so that it can be distributed in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement. The Merger Payment has already been accounted for in the working capital deficit disclosed in the Liquidity and Going Concern section. On December 19, 2024, Daniel Roda, Gregory W. Ellis, and James R. Carroll caused an answer and counterclaim to be filed in response to the Company Complaint. For additional details, please refer to the section titled “Abaca legal case in Denver” in the Recent Updates of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, NOTE 3 – DEFERRED COMPENSATION to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q and the Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 18, 2024 and December 19, 2024.

Given the uncertainty of legal proceedings, the Company will continue to monitor the litigation and assess any potential financial impact in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. At this time, no loss contingency has been recorded, as the potential impact cannot be reasonably estimated.

Subsequent to the close of the quarter, the Company made an offer to settle an employment related legal matter for $300,000 in shares and cash. An accrual for such amount is included in “Accrued expenses” on the balance sheet and included as a component of “Professional services” in the statement of operations. At this time the counterparty has not accepted or rejected this settlement offer.

Note 13. Earnings Per Share

Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For the Company’s diluted earnings per share calculation, the Company uses the “if-converted” method for preferred stock and convertible debt and the “treasury stock” method for Warrants and Options.

For the three months ended March 3120252024
Net (loss)/profit$(313,627)$2,049,676
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic2,786,5382,760,680
Basic net (loss)/earnings per share$(0.11)$0.74
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted2,786,5382,813,404
Diluted net (loss)/earnings per share$(0.11)$0.73
Three months ended
Weighted average shares calculation – basicMarch 31, 2025March 31, 2024
Company public shares196,330196,330
Company initial stockholders170,159170,159
PCCU stockholders1,129,3071,129,307
Issuance of Equity for Marketing Services12,116-
Shares issued for Abaca acquisition396,790396,790
Restricted stock units issued68,27665,404
Conversion of Preferred stock813,560802,690
Grand total2,786,5382,760,680
Three months ended
Weighted average shares calculation - dilutedMarch 31, 2025March 31, 2024
Shares used in computation of basic earnings per share2,786,5382,760,680
Shares to be issued to Abaca shareholders-37,500
Share based payments-10,783
Conversion of preferred stock-4,441
Grand total2,786,5382,813,404

Certain share-based equity awards and warrants were excluded from the computation of dilutive earnings per share because inclusion of these awards would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The following table reflects the awards excluded.

Three months ended
March 31, 2025March 31, 2024
Shares to be issued to Abaca shareholders37,500-
Share based payments3,312-
Conversion of preferred stock4,440-
Warrants601,829639,329
Share-based payments211,512124,987
Grand total858,593764,316

The holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, dividends on shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-Class-A-Common-Stock basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Class A Common Stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the Class A Common Stock. No other dividends shall be paid on shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Note 14. Forward Purchase Agreement

On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a Forward Purchase Agreement (“FPA”) with Midtown East Management NL, LLC (“Midtown East”), which subsequently assigned obligations to purchase 83,334 shares of Class A Common Stock each to Verdun Investments LLC (“Verdun”) and Vellar Opportunity Fund SPV LLC – Series 1 (“Vellar”) through assignment and novation agreements. The collective acquisition involved 0.19 million shares of Class A Common Stock, with Midtown East, Verdun, and Vellar waiving their redemption rights. The Company incurred costs totaling $39.6 million, comprising $39.3 million for the shares and an additional $0.3 million in related expenses post-closing.

At the maturity of the FPA, on September 28, 2025, the parties will receive the value of their shares multiplied by the Forward Price. The Forward Price is the Redemption Price, as defined in Section 9.2(a) of the Counterparty’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed by the Counterparty with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 21, 2021. The FPA holders will also receive an additional amount in cash or shares, at the Company’s discretion.

An early termination clause allows for the shares to be sold on the open market, with any proceeds exceeding the Reset Price retained by the sellers. The Reset Price is initially the Redemption Price. The Reset Price shall be adjusted on the first Scheduled Trading Day of each month, commencing on the first calendar month following the closing of the Business Combination, to be the lowest of (a) the then-current Reset Price, (b) $200.00, and (c) the VWAP Price of the last ten (10) Scheduled Trading Days of the prior calendar month, but not lower than $100.00. However, if the Counterparty offers and sells Shares in a follow-on offering or series of related offerings at a price lower than, or upon any conversion or exchange price of currently outstanding or future issuances of any securities convertible or exchangeable for Shares being equal to a price lower than, the then-current Reset Price (the “Offering Price”), the Reset Price shall be further reduced to equal the Offering Price.

Following a price reset in 2022 to $25 per share, the FPA receivable was reduced from $37.9 million to $4.6 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company reclassified the entire value of the forward purchase receivable to additional paid-in capital, as certain conditions preventing its classification as equity were overcome.

The reconciliation statement of the Class A Common Stock held by the parties is as follows:

VellarMidtown EastVerdunTotal
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
As on December 31, 202448,5601,214,00575,8961,897,40558,9121,472,811183,3684,584,221
Less: Shares sold during the three months ended March 31, 2025--------
Less: Reclassification to additional paid-in capital during the three months ended March 31, 2025-(1,214,005)-(1,897,405)-(1,472,811)-(4,584,221)
Grand total48,560-75,896-58,912-183,368-

Note 15. Warrant Liabilities

Public and Private Placement Warrants

As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company has 287,500 public warrants and 13,205 private placement warrants, each with an adjusted exercise price of $230.

The public and private placement warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of Class A Common Stock.

The public and private placement warrants exercisable on September 28, 2022, the date of the Business Combination and will expire on September 28, 2027, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

No warrant will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and the Company will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, or an exemption from registration is available.

Redemption of warrants become effective when the price per share of Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $360.00. Once the warrants become redeemable, the Company may redeem the warrants:

●in whole and not in part;
●at a price of $0.01 per warrant;
●upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and
●if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $360.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like and certain issuances of Class A Common Stock and equity-linked securities) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing no earlier than the date the warrants become exercisable and ending on the third business day before the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption rights; this is also the case if the Company is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.

If the Company calls the warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Class A Common Stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.

The private placement warrants are identical to the public warrants, except that the private placement warrants and the Class A Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the private placement warrants were not transferable, assignable or saleable, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the private placement warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the private placement warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the public warrants.

PIPE Warrants

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had 51,125 PIPE Warrants, as referenced in Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 4, 2022.

The PIPE Warrants have an adjusted exercise price of $100.00 per share of Class A Common Stock to be paid in cash except if the shares underlying the warrants are not covered by an effective registration statement after the six-month anniversary of the closing date, in which case cashless exercise is permitted. The PIPE Warrants are also subject to adjustment for other customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits and similar corporate actions. The PIPE Warrants are exercisable for a period of five years following the Closing, or September 28, 2027. After exercise of a PIPE Warrant, the Company may be required to pay certain penalties if it fails to deliver the Class A Common Stock within a specified period of time.

Abaca Warrants

As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company had issued 250,000 Abaca warrants, as referenced in Exhibit 2.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 27, 2023.

The 250,000 Abaca warrants have an exercise price of $40.00 per share of Class A Common Stock to be paid in cash. An Abaca Warrant may be exercised only during the period commencing 1 year of the Effective Date and terminating five (5) years from the effective date of the registration statement. The Company may, in its sole discretion, settle the Abaca Warrant when exercised, in whole or in part, in cash in lieu of issuing shares of common stock underlying the Warrant. The Company may elect to pay the Registered Holder in cash in the amount equal to the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s Class A Common Stock on the date of exercise and the warrant price $40.00 multiplied by the number of shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company commits to promptly registering shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon Abaca Warrant exercises if required by law, ensuring these shares can be sold without restrictions. This registration must be filed within 45 days of receiving a notification of such a requirement, with failure to do so constituting a default. The Company will endeavor to keep the registration effective until the Warrants expire. If the registration is not effective within one year, Abaca Warrant holders may exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis, receiving shares based on a defined fair market value calculation. This process aims to facilitate the straightforward and lawful exercise of the Abaca Warrants, ensuring the shares issued are readily tradable without the need for restrictive legends.

Note 16. Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair value hierarchy ranks the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

○Level 1 – Observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets
○Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability
○Level 3 – Unobservable inputs with little or no market activity that require the Company to use reasonable inputs and assumptions

The Company uses fair value measurements to record adjustments to certain financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis. The Company may be required to record certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in specific circumstances, such as evidence of impairment. Methodologies used to determine fair value might be highly subjective and judgmental in nature; therefore, valuations may not be precise. If the Company determines that a valuation technique change is necessary, the change is assumed to have occurred at the end of the respective reporting period.

Assets and Liabilities Reported at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Public Warrants:

Public warrants are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company obtains exchange traded price, of Level 1 inputs, based on observable data to value these warrants.

Private Placement Warrants:

Private Placement Warrants are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis based upon an internal Company assessed value of these derivatives with Level 3 inputs, which are derived from the Black-Scholes model.

PIPE Warrants:

PIPE Warrants are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis based upon an internal Company assessed value of these derivatives with Level 3 inputs, which are derived from the Black-Scholes model.

Abaca Warrants:

Abaca Warrants are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company assessed the value of these derivatives with Level 3 inputs. Level 3 inputs, based on unobservable data derived from the Black-Scholes model.

Third Anniversary Payment Consideration:

Third anniversary payment consideration are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company values these derivatives based on third party reports for Level 3 inputs. Level 3 inputs are based on unobservable data period. The Company values these derivatives based on third party reports for Level 3 inputs. Level 3 inputs are based on unobservable data derived from the Monte Carlo Simulation model.

Forward Purchase Option Derivatives:

Forward purchase option derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. In 2022, the Company values these derivatives based on third party reports for Level 3 inputs. Since 2022, no significant risk factors such as volatility, expected term, reset price, or any other changes have been observed to impact the values of forward purchase option derivatives. As a result, the Company has maintained the same value for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The following tables summarize financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, by the level of valuation inputs in the fair value hierarchy on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Total Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)Total Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Description
Liabilities:
PIPE warrants$7,594-7,594$79,512-79,512
Public warrants$7,0447,044-$246,445246,445-
Private placement warrants$522-522$9,632-9,632
Abaca warrant$229,248-229,248$1,024,900-1,024,900
Forward purchase derivative liability$7,309,580-7,309,580$7,309,580-7,309,580
Third anniversary payment consideration$161,000-161,000$322,000-322,000

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis primarily comprises of property, plant and equipment, right-to-use asset, finite lived intangible assets and goodwill. The Company does not record these at fair value on a recurring basis, however, the carrying value of the assets may be reduced to fair value when the Company determines that impairment has occurred.

There were no assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company uses various methodologies and assumptions to estimate the fair value of certain financial instruments. With the exceptions of loans receivable, warrants and forward purchase option derivatives, the Company considers the carrying amounts of its financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable) in the balance sheet to approximate fair value because of the short-term or highly liquid nature of these financial instruments.

The following tables present the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments, by the level of valuation inputs in the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated:

Carrying amount · Fair value · Fair value measurement using
Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$931,397$931,397$931,397$-$-
Loans357,310359,505--359,505
Liabilities
Deferred consideration3,016,3433,016,3433,016,343--
Senior Secured Promissory note10,748,40810,221,652--10,221,652
Public warrants7,0457,0457,045--
Private placement warrants522522--522
PIPE Warrants7,5947,594--7,594
Abaca Warrants229,248229,248--229,248
Third anniversary payment consideration161,000161,000--161,000
Forward purchase derivative7,309,5807,09,580--7,309,580
Carrying amount · Fair value · Fair value measurement using
Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$2,324,647$2,324,647$2,324,647$-$-
Forward purchase receivables4,584,2214,584,221-4,584,221-
Loans360,552359,505--359,505
Liabilities
Deferred consideration3,016,3433,016,3433,016,343--
Senior Secured Promissory note11,004,17310,221,652--10,221,652
Public warrants246,447246,447246,447--
Private placement warrants9,6329,632--9,632
PIPE Warrants79,51279,512--79,512
Abaca Warrants1,024,9001,024,900--1,024,900
Third anniversary payment consideration322,000322,000--322,000
Forward purchase derivative7,309,5807,309,580--7,309,580

The change in the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value are presented in the following table:

PIPE WarrantsAbaca WarrantPrivate Placement WarrantsThird anniversary payment considerationForward Purchase Derivative
Balance at the beginning of the period$79,512$1,024,900$9,632$322,000$7,309,580
Fair value adjustment(71,918)(795,652)(9,110)(161,000)-
Balance at the end of the period$7,594$229,248$522$161,000$7,309,580
PIPE WarrantsAbaca WarrantPrivate Placement WarrantsThird anniversary payment considerationForward Purchase Derivative
Balance at the beginning of the period$273,124$3,384,085$25,070$810,000$7,309,580
Fair value adjustment(193,612)(2,359,185)(15,438)(488,000)-
Balance at the end of the period$79,5121,024,9009,632$322,000$7,309,580

As of March 31, 2025 and on December 31, 2024, the valuation of private placement warrants, PIPE warrants, and Abaca warrants was carried out using the Black-Scholes model, while the fair value of the Abaca third anniversary payment consideration was determined using the Black Scholes Merton Option pricing model. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, these warrants were valued using Level 3 inputs.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company evaluated the fair value of its FPA derivative using a Monte Carlo Simulation within a risk-neutral framework, a method derived from the Income Approach, based on calculations from December 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, and the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no significant changes in risk factors, such as volatility, expected term, and reset price, that would impact the valuation of the FPA derivative. The Company will continue to monitor the fair value of the forward option derivative each reporting period, with any necessary adjustments recorded in the Statements of Operations.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, there were no changes in the classification of financial instruments within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements inputs as it relates to the private placement warrants, public warrants, third anniversary payment consideration and Abaca warrants as of their measurement dates:

March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
PIPE WarrantsPrivate WarrantsThird Anniversary Payment ConsiderationAbaca WarrantsPIPE WarrantsPrivate WarrantsThird Anniversary Payment ConsiderationAbaca Warrants
Exercise price$100.00230.00-40.00$100.00230.00-40.00
Share Price$4.294.294.294.29$9.009.009.009.00
Expected term (years)2.492.490.513.572.742.740.763.84
Volatility91.92%91.92%91.92%91.92%103.00%103.00%103.00%103.00%
Risk-free rate3.89%3.89%3.89%3.94%4.26%4.26%4.26%4.33%

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements inputs as it relates to the forward purchase derivatives as of their measurement dates on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Reset Price$25.00$25.00
Expected term (years)0.490.74
Additional Maturity Consideration per share$40.00$40.00
Volatility46%46%
Risk-free rate4.20%4.2%
Risk-adjusted discount rate13.40%13.4%

Note 17. Tax

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded income tax expense of $0.00 for continuing operations. The effective tax rate of 0.00% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 varied from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the effect of permanent differences and a valuation allowance, net of the federal benefit. The Company has net deferred tax assets of $0 and $0 as of December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, respectively. The Company has deferred tax assets totaling $44.35 million. A full valuation allowance was established on these assets as of December 31, 2024, following an evaluation of the Company’s ability to utilize these assets before their expiration dates.

The Company recognizes income tax benefits from uncertain tax positions where the realization of the ultimate benefit is uncertain. As of both December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, the Company has no unrecognized income tax benefits.

Note 18.401(k) Plan

The Company offers to all employees a tax-qualified retirement contribution plan, with the Company’s 100% matching contribution up to 4% of a participant’s eligible compensation. The Company’s consolidated matching contributions for the three months ended March 31, 2025, amounted to $28,371, and March 31, 2024, amounted to $35,233, respectively.

Note 19. Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

On January 28, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock at a ratio of 1-for-20 shares, which reverse stock split became effective on March 14, 2025.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1,250,000 shares of preferred stock, with a par value of $0.0001 per share, with such designation rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors. As of March 31, 2025, there were 111 shares of Class A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and there were 111 shares of Class A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding on December 31, 2024. The holders of preferred stock shall be entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, dividends on shares of preferred stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-Class-A-Common-Stock basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Class A Common Stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the Class A Common Stock. No other dividends shall be paid on the preferred stock. The terms of the preferred stock provide for an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share of Class A Common Stock, which conversion price is subject to downward adjustment on each of the dates that are 10 days, 55 days, 100 days, 145 days and 190 days after the effectiveness of a registration statement registering the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the preferred stock to the lower of the Conversion Price and the greater of(i) 80% of the volume weighted average price of the Class A Common Stock for the prior five trading days and (ii) $50.00 (the “Floor Price”), provided that, so long as a preferred stock holders continues to hold any preferred shares, such preferred stock holder will be entitled to receive the aggregate shares of Class A Common Stock that would be issuable based upon its initial purchase of preferred stock at the adjusted Conversion Price. Additionally, on January 25, 2023, at a special meeting of the Company’s stockholders, the stockholders approved a reduction in the floor conversion price of the outstanding preferred stock from $40.00 per share to $25.00 per share.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 130,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, with a par value of $.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 2,786,538 and 2,783,667 shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,183,369 Class A Common Stock are held by the purchasers under Forward Purchase Agreement dated June 16, 2022, by and among the Company and such purchasers.

2022 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 totaled $249,239 and $612,124, respectively.

The 2022 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 28, 2022. The 2022 Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, and performance compensation awards. The Company has not issued stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock bonus awards, or performance compensation awards in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, a total of 351,857 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the Company’s equity incentive plan, of which 53,658 shares remained available for future issuance.

Stock Options

Stock options are awarded to encourage ownership of the Company’s Class A Common Stock by employees and to provide increased incentive for employees to render services and to exert maximum effort for the success of the Company. The Company’s incentive stock options generally permit net-share settlement upon exercise. The option exercise price, vesting schedule and exercise period are determined for each grant by the administrator (person appointed by board to administer the stock plans) of the applicable plan. The Company’s stock options generally have a 10-year contractual term.

The assumptions used to determine the fair value of options granted in the three months ended March 31, 2025 using the Black-Scholes-Merton model are as follows:

Dividend yield · - · %
Risk-free interest rate3.62 to 4.23%
Expected volatility (weighted-average and range, if applicable)100%
Expected term6 to 6.5 years

The expected term of the options granted is calculated based on the simplified method by taking average of contractual term and vesting period the awards. The shares and the redeemable warrants of the Company were listed on the stock exchange for a limited period of the time and the share price has also dropped significantly from the date of listing. Based on these factors Management has considered the expected volatility at 100% for the current period. The risk-free interest rate used is the current yield on U.S. Treasury notes with a term equal to the expected term of the options at the grant date. The expected dividend yield is based on annualized dividends on the underlying share during the expected term of the option.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activities and related information for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is as follows:

Stock OptionNo. of Stock OptionWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Stock OptionWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)
January 1, 2025105,090$98.550.65
Granted127,1533.401.26
Exercised---
Expired---
Cancelled / Forfeited(20,731)(69.07)-
March 31, 2025211,512$44.240.93

A summary of the Company’s stock option activities and related information for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:

Stock OptionNo. of Stock OptionWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Stock OptionWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)
January 1, 2024114,301$108.621.65
Granted---
Exercised--
Expired---
Cancelled / Forfeited(9,211)(76.60)-
December 31, 2024105,090$98.550.65

The following options were outstanding at their respective exercise price:

Exercise price options outstandingMarch 31, 2025December 31, 2024
$8.0045,757-
$9.6881,396-
$31.2015,03418,265
$51.6017,50017,500
$80.006,8256,825
$133.4045,00062,500
Total211,512105,090

As of March 31, 2025, there was $499,035 of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options. This unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately one years based on vesting under the award service conditions.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

A summary of the Company’s RSU activities and related information for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is as follows:

Restricted Stock UnitsNo. of RSUWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per RSUWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)
January 1, 20258,583$26.201.00
Granted---
Vested(4,292)26.20-
Expired--
Cancelled / Forfeited(980)--
March 31, 20253,311$26.200.75

A summary of the Company’s RSU activities and related information for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:

Restricted Stock UnitsNo. of RSUWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per RSUWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)
January 1, 202416,175$26.202.00
Granted---
Vested(5,392)26.20-
Expired--
Cancelled / Forfeited(2,200)26.20-
December 31, 20248,583$26.201.00

The following RSU were outstanding at their respective vest price:

Vest price RSU outstandingMarch 31, 2025December 31, 2024
$26.203,3118,583
Total3,3118,583

As of March 31, 2025, there was $65,613 of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to RSU. This unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately nine months based on vesting under the award service conditions.

Note 20. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to March 31, 2025 through the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. Except as disclosed in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements previously and items below, there are no other events to report:

On April 28, 2025, James H. Dennedy, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, informed the Company of his intention to resign from his position, effective June 6, 2025. Mr. Dennedy will remain with the Company until the Resignation Date to assist with the transition of his responsibilities. The Company plans to conduct an executive search for a new Chief Financial Officer. In the interim, the Board of Directors has appointed Terrance Mendez, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, as interim Chief Financial Officer, effective as of the Resignation Date.

On May 2, 2025, Karl Racine informed the Company of his decision to resign from his role as a director and as a member of the Board of Directors’ Nomination and Governance Committee, effective immediately. Mr. Racine’s resignation was due to personal reasons and was not a result of any disagreement with the Company concerning its operations, policies, or practices.

On May 2, 2025, the Board of Directors appointed Francis A. Braun III as a Class I director. Mr. Braun will receive compensation for his Board and committee service in accordance with the Company’s outside director compensation program, prorated for any partial years of service. Also, effective from May 21, 2025, Mr. Braun will begin serving as the audit committee chair.

On May 15, 2025, Jennifer Meyers notified the Company of her decision to resign from her position as a director of the Company effective immediately. Ms. Meyers’ resignation from the Company was for personal reasons and is not a result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the operations, policies or practices of the Company.

On May 15, 2025, Douglas Fagan notified the Company of his decision to resign from his position as a director of the Company effective immediately. Mr. Fagan’s resignation from the Company was for personal reasons and is not a result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the operations, policies or practices of the Company.

On May 16, 2025, Jonathan Summers informed the Company of his decision to not stand for re-election as a director of the Company. As a result, Mr. Summers’ term as an independent director will end at the next Annual Meeting of the Company’s stockholders. Mr. Summers’ decision to not stand for re-election was for personal reasons and is not a result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the operations, policies or practices of the Company.

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