bioAffinity Technologies, Inc.

In addition to other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the “Risk Factors” discussed in the 2024 Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial might materially adversely affect our actual business, financial condition, and operating results. The following information updates and should be read in conjunction with the information disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” contained in our 2024 Form 10-K. Except as disclosed below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Risks Related to Our Financial Position

Our business plan relies upon our ability to obtain additional sources of capital and financing. If the amount of capital we are able to raise from financing activities, together with our revenues from operations, is not sufficient to satisfy our capital needs, we may be required to cease operations.

Prior to 2022, we had not generated any revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we generated revenue of approximately $1.9 million, and $9.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024.

To become and remain profitable, we must succeed in generating additional laboratory revenue and developing and commercializing our diagnostic tests and therapeutic products that we expect will generate significant income in the planned timeframe. This will require us to be successful in a range of challenging activities, including completing preclinical testing and clinical trials of our diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, obtaining regulatory approval for our diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, manufacturing, marketing, and selling any diagnostic tests and therapeutic products for which we may obtain regulatory approval, and establishing and managing our collaborations at various phases of each diagnostic test and therapeutic product candidate’s development. We are in the preliminary phases of these activities. We may never succeed in these activities and, even if we do, may never generate sufficient income to achieve profitability.

To become profitable, we must develop our diagnostic tests and therapeutic products, which will depend in large part on our ability to:

Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to become and remain profitable would depress our value and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, maintain the research and development efforts, diversify our diagnostic tests and therapeutic product offerings, or even continue our operations. A decline in our value could also cause you to lose all or part of your investment.

As of March 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $56.3 million and $0.4 million cash on hand. As of May 13, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents were $2.3 million. Despite our recent financings, we will need to raise further capital through the sale of additional equity or debt securities or other debt instruments, strategic relationships or grants, or other arrangements to support our future operations. Our business plan includes expansion for our commercialization efforts which will require additional funding. If we are unable to improve our liquidity position, we may not be able to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to generate revenue and raise capital from financing transactions. Without funding from the proceeds of a capital raise or strategic relationship or grant, management anticipates that our cash resources are sufficient to continue operations through August 2025. Based on our current expected level of operating expenditures, current expected levels of revenue, and the cash and cash equivalents on hand at March 31, 2025, of $0.4 million, management concludes that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve (12) months subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report. Our future is dependent upon our ability to obtain financing and upon future profitable operations from the development of new business opportunities. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in accomplishing these objectives. Without such additional capital, we may be required to curtail or cease operations and be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment. WithumSmith+Brown, PC, our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, has included an explanatory paragraph in its opinion that accompanies our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, indicating that our current liquidity position raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We are unable to precisely estimate when we will begin to generate significant profit from revenue, if ever, from PPLS’ services, the amount of profit or revenue that will be generated, or the expenses that will be incurred.

We do not expect to immediately derive profit from revenue from PPLS’ services. Since its acquisition in September 2023, we have generated $13.7 million in revenue from PPLS. Once we begin to generate such profit, there is no guarantee that it will be sufficient to realize the expected financial benefits of the acquisition. In addition, since we have limited experience operating a clinical laboratory, we may not accurately estimate the expenses we will incur.

The shares of our Common Stock are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BIAF” and our Tradeable Warrants are listed under the symbol “BIAFW.” On February 7, 2025, we received written notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that for the preceding 30 consecutive business days (December 23, 2024, through February 6, 2025), our Common Stock did not maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 (“Minimum Bid Price Requirement”) per share as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our Common Stock, and the Common Stock will continue to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BIAF.” In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we have a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until August 6, 2025, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). Compliance may be achieved without further action if the closing bid price of our Common Stock is at or above $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days at any time during the 180-day compliance period, in which case Nasdaq will notify us if it determines we are in compliance and the matter will be closed; however, Nasdaq may require the closing bid price to equal or to exceed the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement for more than 10 consecutive business days before determining that a company complies.

If, however, we do not achieve compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by August 6, 2025, we may be eligible for additional time to comply. In order to be eligible for such additional time, we will be required to meet the continued listing requirements for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and must notify Nasdaq in writing of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. We intend to actively monitor the bid price of our Common Stock and will consider available options to regain compliance with the Nasdaq listing requirements.

If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market, such as the corporate governance requirements, the stockholder’s equity requirement, or the minimum closing bid price requirement, The Nasdaq Capital Market may take steps to de-list our Common Stock or Tradeable Warrants. As reported in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our stockholders’ equity of approximately $1.4 million is below the Nasdaq required stockholders’ equity of $2.5 million. As a result, we will be unable to request an additional 180 day period within which to comply with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Such a de-listing or even notification of failure to comply with such requirements would likely have a negative effect on the price of our Common Stock and Tradeable Warrants and would impair the ability to sell or purchase our Common Stock when you wish to do so. In the event of a de-listing, we would take actions to restore our compliance with The Nasdaq Capital Market’s listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our Common Stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price, improve the liquidity of our Common Stock, prevent our Common Stock from dropping below The Nasdaq Capital Market minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with The Nasdaq Capital Market’s listing requirements.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our Common Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, it is a covered security. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of covered securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. Further, if we were to be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, our Common Stock would cease to be recognized as a covered security and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

Our management collectively owns a substantial percentage of our Common Stock.

Based on the provisions for determining beneficial ownership in accordance with Rule 13d-3 and Item 403 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act, our officers and directors own or exercise control of approximately 26% of the voting power of our outstanding Common Stock. As a result, investors may be prevented from affecting matters involving our Company, including:

Furthermore, this concentration of voting power could have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a change of control or other business combination that might otherwise be beneficial to our stockholders. This significant concentration of share ownership may also adversely affect the trading price for our Common Stock because investors may perceive disadvantages in owning stock in a company that is controlled by a small number of stockholders.