IMPACT BIOMEDICAL INC.

Note 1. Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

Impact BioMedical, Inc., incorporated in the State of Nevada on October 16, 2018 (the “Company”, “Impact BioMedical”, “We”, “IBO”), discovers, confirms, and patents unique science and technologies which can be developed into new offerings in human healthcare and wellness in collaboration with external partners through licensing, co-development, joint ventures, and other relationships. By leveraging technology and new science with strategic partnerships, we provide advances in biopharmaceuticals, over the counter direct to consumer wellness offerings, and drug discovery for the prevention, inhibition, and treatment of neurological, oncologic, and inflammatory diseases. In addition to our existing efforts, we continually search for, and evaluate, other potential new offerings to add to our portfolio.

Our business model includes partnering and potentially direct sales for commercialization and distribution. Potential licensors and development partners include pharmaceutical, consumer packaged goods companies and others, who would commercialize IBO technologies in exchange for milestone, and royalty payments. Currently, our operations are conducted, and our assets are owned through our principal subsidiaries: (i) Global BioLife, Inc. (“Global BioLife”), which was incorporated on April 14, 2017, (ii) Impact BioLife Science, Inc. (“Impact BioLife”), which was incorporated on August 28, 2020, (iii) Global BioMedical, Inc. (“Global BioMedical”), which was incorporated on April 18, 2017, and (iv) Sweet Sense, Inc. (“Sweet Sense”), which was incorporated on April 30, 2018.

Impact has several unique and proprietary technologies that are in continuing development:

Linebacker™

Linebacker is a platform of small molecule electrophilically enhanced polyphenol compounds with potential application in oncology (solid tumors), inflammatory disorders, and neurology. Polyphenols are substances found in many nuts, vegetables, and berries. Linebacker compounds are modified Myricetin, which is a common plant-derived flavonoid. Myricetin exhibits a wide range of activities that include strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (source: NIH).

Linebacker can potentially be developed as monotherapy or co-therapy to down-regulate PIM (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) kinase which plays a key role as an oncogene in various cancers (e.g. colon, lung, prostate, breast). Additional potential applications include inflammatory disorders and neurology.

Linebacker-1 and Linebacker-2 compounds have been licensed to ProPhase Laboratories (NASDAQ: PRPH) for development and commercialization worldwide, from which Impact Biomedical could receive future milestone and royalty payments.

Laetose™

Laetose™ technology demonstrates compelling potential in reducing caloric intake and glycemic index in foods, while also inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a cytokine associated with inflammatory chronic diseases (data on file with IBO).

The patented formulation has potential to inhibit the inflammatory and metabolic response of sugar alone and has potential applications in therapeutic administration to reduce or limit inflammatory or metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes). Use of Laetose in a daily diet, compared to sugar, could result in 30% lower sugar consumption and lower caloric and glycemic index/load.

Functional Fragrance Formulation (“3F”)

3F is a suite of “functional fragrances” containing specialized botanical ingredients (e.g., terpenes) with potential application as an antimicrobial, or as an additive in insect repellents, detergents, lotions, shampoo, fabrics and other substances to increase effectiveness. Global BioLife is seeking to commercialize this product. Together with Chemia, we are attempting to license 3F. Any potential profits from the 3F project will be split between Global BioLife and Chemia pursuant to the terms of the 20- year Royalty Agreement.

Equivir™/Equivir G

Equivir/Equivir G technology is a novel blend of FDA Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) eligible polyphenols (e.g. Myricetin, Hesperetin, Piperine) which have demonstrated antiviral effects with additional potential application as health supplements or medication. Polyphenols are substances found in many nuts, vegetables, and berries. Myricetin is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Hesperitin is a flavanone and Piperine is an alkaloid, commonly found in black pepper. Equivir/Equivir G is licensed to ProPhase Laboratories for development and commercialization worldwide

Emerging Technology

IBO continually evaluates additional technologies that are in various phases of development which can be advanced to patent filings and allowances. These include, and are not limited to biopharmaceuticals, indoor air quality products, preservatives, bioplastics, personalized medicine (e.g., genomics, diagnostics), nanotechnology, cannabis products and technology, pain management, and others. These activities include discussions with inventors, scientists, universities, research foundations, and other parties, which, subject to completion of diligence, and approval of the respective management, could potentially expand the offerings of IBO.

As of the date of this report, we have not generated significant revenues from operations. We cannot guarantee we will be successful in our business operations. Our business is subject to risks inherent in the establishment of a new business enterprise, including possible delays in our research, testing and marketing efforts or wider economic downturns.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company and its majority owned and controlled subsidiaries. The Company consolidates entities in which it owns more than 50% of the voting common stock and controls operations. All intercompany transactions and balances among consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Non–controlling interest represents the minority equity investment in the Company’s subsidiaries, plus the minority investors’ share of the net operating results and other components of equity relating to the non–controlling interest.

The consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the entities as of the reporting period ending dates and for the reporting periods as follows:

As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the aggregate noncontrolling interest was equity of $2,967,000 and $2,978,000, respectively, which are separately disclosed on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the balance sheets and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

*Reclassifications *

Costs in the amount of $133,000 associated with research and development have been reclassed from Professional fees to Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated statements of operations to conform with current period presentation. Also, Accrued interest on notes receivable, related party for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were reclassed from Borrowings on notes receivable, related party on the accompanying Statement of cash flows to conform with current period presentation

Loss per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to the common stockholders by weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Fully diluted loss per share is computed like basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Dilutive financial instruments issued or outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and the year ended December 31, 2024 include 60,496,041 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares which are not eligible for conversion until April 10, 2027,880,000 options priced at $3.00 per share expiring on October 31, 2031 and 75,000 warrants priced at $3.75 per share expiring on June 13, 2025.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Fair Value Measurement Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

● Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets,

● Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

● Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet of cash, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The fair value of notes receivable approximates their carrying value as the stated or discounted rates of the notes do reflect recent market conditions. Notes payable, related party are recorded at fair value based on several factors (see Note 9).

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. There wereno cash equivalents as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Notes receivable, unearned interest, and related recognition

The Company records all future payments of principal and interest on notes as notes receivable, which are then offset by the amount of any related unearned interest income. For financial statement purposes, the Company reports the net investment in the notes receivable on the consolidated balance sheet as current or long-term based on the maturity date of the underlying notes. Such net investment is comprised of the amount advanced on the loans, adjusting for net deferred loan fees or costs incurred at origination, amounts allocated to warrants received upon origination, and any payments received in advance, if applicable. The unearned interest is recognized over the term of the notes and the income portion of each note payment is calculated so as to generate a constant rate of return on the net balance outstanding. If applicable, any net deferred loan fees or costs, together with discounts recognized in connection with warrants acquired at origination, are accreted as an adjustment to yield over the term of the loan. (Note 4)

Inventory

Inventories consist air filtration systems, which and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. At the closing of each reporting period, the Company evaluates its inventory in order to adjust the inventory balance for obsolete and slow-moving items. No allowance for obsolescence was deemed necessary as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Goodwill

Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. FASB ASC Topic 350 provides an entity with the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Some of the qualitative factors considered in applying this test include consideration of macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors affecting the business, and overall financial performance of the business. If, after completing the assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company will proceed to a quantitative test. If qualitative factors are not deemed sufficient to conclude that the fair value of the reporting unit more likely than not exceeds its carrying value, then a one-step approach is applied in making an evaluation. The evaluation utilizes an income approach (discounted cash flow analysis). The computations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including, among other things, selection of comparable publicly traded companies, the discount rate applied to future earnings reflecting a weighted average cost of capital, and earnings growth assumptions. The Company believes the estimates and assumptions used in our impairment assessments are reasonable and based on available market information, but variations in any of the assumptions could result in materially different calculations of fair value and determinations of whether or not an impairment is indicated. A discounted cash flow analysis requires management to make various assumptions about future sales, operating margins, capital expenditures, working capital, and growth rates. Cash flow projections are derived from one-year budgeted amounts plus an estimate of later period cash flows, all of which are determined by management. Subsequent period cash flows are developed for each reporting unit using growth rates that management believes are reasonably likely to occur. Impairment of goodwill is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over the fair values of recognized and unrecognized assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. As of December 31, 2024, the Company fully impaired its goodwill (Note 6).

Intangible Assets

The estimated fair values of acquired intangibles are generally determined based upon future economic benefits such as earnings and cash flows. Acquired identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Acquired intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment at least annually as of December 31 st, or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of those assets are below their estimated fair values. Impairment is tested under ASC 350. No impairment was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024 (Note 7).

Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate long-lived assets such as property, equipment and definite lived intangible assets, such as patents, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets recognized in our financial statements may not be recoverable. Factors that we consider include whether there has been a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, a significant change in the way an asset is being utilized, or a significant change, delay or departure in our strategy for that asset, or a significant change in the macroeconomic environment. Our assessment of the recoverability of long-lived assets involves significant judgment and estimation. These assessments reflect our assumptions, which, we believe, are consistent with the assumptions hypothetical marketplace participants use. Factors that we must estimate when performing recoverability and impairment tests include, among others, forecasted revenue, margin costs and the economic life of the asset. If impairment is indicated, we determine if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amounts of the asset or assets. If so, an impairment loss is measured and recognized.

Our impairment loss calculations require that we apply judgment in identifying asset groups, estimating future cash flows, determining asset fair values, and estimating asset’s useful lives. The Company reviews identifiable amortizable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on the lowest level of identifiable estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss is based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. Based on the uncertainty of forecasts inherent with a new product, events such as the failure to generate forecasted revenue from new products could result in a non-cash impairment in future periods.

Revenue Recognition

The Company has adoptedASC Topic 606,*Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”).*The Company enters into licensing and development agreements with collaborators for the development of its technologies. The terms of these agreements contain multiple performance obligations which may include (i) licenses, or options to obtain licenses, to the Company’s technology, (ii) rights to future technological improvements, and/or (iii) research activities to be performed on behalf of the collaborative partner. Payments to the Company under these agreements may include upfront fees, option fees, exercise fees, payments based upon the achievement of certain milestones, and royalties on product sales. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under the agreements, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it is entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when or as the performance obligation is satisfied.

Share-Based Payments

Compensation cost for stock awards are measured at fair value and the Company recognizes compensation expense over the service period for which awards are expected to vest. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model for determining the estimated fair value for stock-based awards. The Black-Scholes-Merton model requires the use of subjective assumptions which determine the fair value of stock-based awards, including the option’s expected term and the price volatility of the underlying stock. For equity instruments issued to consultants and vendors in exchange for goods and services the Company determines the measurement date for the fair value of the equity instruments issued at the earlier of (i) the date at which a commitment for performance by the consultant or vendor is reached or (ii) the date at which the consultant or vendor’s performance is complete. In the case of equity instruments issued to consultants, the fair value of the equity instrument is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement. The Company record stock based compensation expense of approximately $2,000 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively and is included in Sales, general and administrative compensation (inclusive of stock based compensation) on the accompanying Statement of Operations.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Total research and development costs were $103,000 and $183,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company adopted amended accounting guidance ASC Topic 326 which requires an allowance for credit losses to be deducted from the amortized cost basis of financial assets to present the net carrying value at the amount that is expected to be collected over the contractual term of the asset considering relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. In estimating expected losses in the loan and lease portfolio, borrower-specific financial data and macro-economic assumptions are utilized to project losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Assumptions and judgment are applied to measure amounts and timing of expected future cash flows, collateral values and other factors used to determine the borrowers’ abilities to repay obligations. After the forecast period, the Company utilizes longer-term historical loss experience to estimate losses over the remaining contractual life of the loans. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the Company has deemed that no additional reserve on credit losses were necessary.

Continuing Operations and Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of our assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying financial statements the Company has incurred operating losses as well as negative cash flows from operating activities over the past two years. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date that the financial statements are issued. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the specific amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, which might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

To continue as a going concern, the Company completed an initial public offering on September 16, 2024 raising $3,726,000 net of issuance costs and is currently listed on the NYSE American under the ticker symbol IBIO. The Company’s management intends to take additional actions necessary to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans concerning these matters include, among other things, monetization of its intellectual properties, and tightly controlling operating costs.

Recent Accounting Standards

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues various Accounting Standards Updates relating to the treatment and recording of certain accounting transactions. There are several new accounting pronouncements issued by FASB which are not yet effective. Each of these pronouncements, as applicable, has been or will be adopted by the Company. As of March 31, 2025, none of these pronouncements are expected to have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which improves reportable segment disclosure through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company has adopted the enhanced segment disclosures of the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company reports its segment information to reflect the manner in which the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews and assesses performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer have joint responsibilities as the CODM and review and assess the performance of the Company as a whole.

The primary financial measures used by the CODM to evaluate performance and allocate resources are net income (loss) and operating income (loss). The CODM uses net income (loss) and operating income (loss) to evaluate the performance of the Company’s ongoing operations and as part of the Company’s internal planning and forecasting processes. Information on Net income (loss) and Operating income (loss) is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Segment expenses and other segment items are provided to the CODM on the same basis as disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The CODM does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment assets, and therefore such information is not presented in the notes to the financial statements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. The Company adopted this as of December 31, 2024.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 (“ASU 2024-03”),Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“DISE”). ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. ASU 2024-03 does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. As revised by ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, the provisions of ASU 2024-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. With the exception of expanding disclosures to include more granular income statement expense categories, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2024-03 to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.

Note 3. Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following as of:

Note 4. Notes Receivable

On February 19, 2021, Impact BioMedical, Inc. entered into a promissory note with an individual. The Company loaned the principal sum of $206,000, with interest at a rate of 6.5%, and maturity date of August 19, 2022 later amended to February 19, 2026. Monthly payments are due on the twenty-first day of each month and continuing each month thereafter until February 19, 2026. This note is secured by certain real property situated in Collier County, Florida. The outstanding principal and interest as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, was approximately $200,000 and $201,000, respectively. At March 31, 2025, $200,000 is classified in Current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 is approximately $201,000 with $184,000 classified in Current portion of notes receivable and $17,000 classified as Notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

**Note 5 Property, Plant and Equipment, Net **

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following as of:

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $1,000 and $2,000, respectively.

Note 6. Goodwill

Goodwill balances and activity consisted of the following:

As of December 31, 2024, management performed annual goodwill impairment testing. A quantitative analysis was prepared utilizing the Market Approach and Income Approach valuing the Company and an impairment of goodwill was identified as result of these tests. As of December 31, 2024, the Company fully impaired its goodwill

Note 7. Intangible Assets

The definite-lived intangible assets, to be amortized between 1 and 20 years, balances, and activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024 consisted of the following:

On February 25, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets owned by DSS Pure Air, Inc. (“DSS PureAir”), a related party, for $1,150,000 to be paid by 545,024 shares of the Company’s common stock calculated on a 10-day VWAP. Assets acquired included approximately $655,000 of intellectual property of the Celios air purification system.

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $282,000 and $278,000, respectively.

The following table represents future amortization of developed technologies for the years ending December 31:

Note 8. Note payable, related party

On December 31, 2020, and later amended, the Company executed a Revolving Promissory Note (“Note”) with DSS, a related party, which accrues interest at a rate of 4.25% and is due in full at the maturity date of September 30, 2030. The Note was further amended on July 24, 2024 with an effective date of September 16, 2024 to i) allow the Company to pay certain principal and/or interest payments owing under the repayment terms in an exchange for potential of equity in the Company, ii) change the quarterly interest due dates to the last day of each calendar quarter (i.e. December 31, March 31, June 30 and September 30), iii) to adjust the On Demand feature so that it starts after the 24th month, iv) continue the planned repayment program commencing on the 37th month and on the last day of each month thereafter through August 31, 2030 to pay a fixed monthly payment of $126,381, v) to continue the scheduled maturity date of September 30, 2030, and vi) adjusts the interest rate to be the WSJ Prime Rate plus 0.50%. This Note is secured by the assets of the Company. As of March 31, 2025, the outstanding balance, inclusive of interest was $9,141,000 (net of change in fair value of the Note of $5,068,000). The $9,141,000 is recorded in Note payable, related party a March 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2024 the outstanding balance, inclusive of interest was $8,878,000 (net of change in fair value of the Note of $5,068,000). The $8,878,000 is recorded in Note payable, related party at December 31, 2024.

The Company accounts for this Note as a liability under ASC 480,Distinguishing Liabilities form Equity(“ASC 480”). In accordance with ASC 825-10, the carrying value of the Note will be recorded at fair value and will be remeasured at each reporting period with the changes in fair value recognized in earnings.

We considered various valuation methodologies in our analysis of the embedded derivative. Valuation methodologies can generally be aggregated into the following three approaches: the Market Approach, the Income Approach, and the Cost Approach. Based on our analysis of the facts and circumstances, in estimating the fair value of the Note payable, related party, we utilized a discounted cash flow method (income approach), in the form of a Monte Carlo simulation of the Company’s stock price and volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) throughout 36-month period from the Effective Date relative to its closing stock price and VWAP as March 31, 2025, or $0.870 and $0.83, respectively. The simulated analysis estimates the expected note cash flow from the date the first payment is due and until the equity conversion rights expire under the terms of the Note payable, related party based on the following steps:

Note 9. Financial Instruments

Cash, Note payable, related party

The following tables show the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and note payable, related party by significant investment category as of:

Note 10. Stockholders’ Equity

On September 16, 2024, Impact Biomedical Inc., entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Revere Securities, LLC., as representative (the “Representative”) of the underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Underwriters in a firm commitment initial public offering (the “Offering”) an aggregate of 1,500,000 of the Company’s shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share at a public offering price of $3.00 per share. On September 17, 2024, the Company closed the Offering. The total net proceeds to the Company from the Offering, after deducting discounts, expenses allowance and expenses, was approximately $3,726,000. A final prospectus relating to this Offering was filed with the Commission on September 16, 2024. The shares of Common Stock were approved to list on the NYSE American under the symbol “IBO” and began trading there on September 16, 2024. The Company also issued warrants to the Representative and its affiliates (the “Representative’s Warrants”) warrants to purchase the number of shares of Common Stock in the aggregate equal to 5% of the Common Stock to be issued and sold in this offering (including any Shares of Common Stock sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option, if applicable). The Representative’s Warrants are exercisable for a price per share equal to 125% of the public offering price. The warrants are exercisable at any time, in whole or in part, commencing nine (9) months from the date of commencement of sales of the offering and ending on the third anniversary thereof. As of March 31, 2025, the Representative had not exercised any of these warrants.

The Company records stock-based payment expense related to options and warrants based on the grant date fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 718. Stock-based compensation includes expense charges for all stock-based awards to employees, directors and consultants. Such awards include option grants, warrant grants, and restricted stock awards. On October 1, 2024,880,000 option grants with a purchase price of $3.00 per share were awarded to certain officers, directors and consultants of the Company. These options have various vesting periods, and all expire on October 31, 2031. Potential proceeds of these grants is $2,640,000 and are fair valued using a Black-Scholes model at approximately $50,000. The Company record stock based compensation expense of approximately $2,000 and $19,000 for the three month and year ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in Sales, general and administrative compensation (inclusive of stock based compensation) on the accompanying Statement of Operations

On February 25, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets owned by DSS Pure Air, Inc. (DSS PureAir”), a related party, for $1,150,000 to be paid by 545,024 shares of the Company’s common stock calculated on a 10-day VWAP. Assets acquired included accounts receivable, inventory and intellectual property of the Celios air purification system.

On February 26, 2025, the Company issued 36,433 shares of the Company’s common stock as payment of legal fees incurred associated with the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), registration of shares associated with its equity incentive plan as well as other related services.

Note 11. Related Party Transactions

General and Administrative Costs

There are certain general and administrative costs incurred by DSS, a related party, on behalf of the Company which are passed through to the Company on a monthly basis. These costs consist of primarily payroll costs for certain DSS employees and are allocated based on estimated time spent on behalf of the Company. Beginning in January 2024, these costs are approximately $31,000 per month. As March 31, 2024, the Company incurred approximately $93,000 in related expenses. Beginning October 2024, these costs are approximately $26,000 per month. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company incurred approximately $78,000 in related expenses.

Note payable, related party

On December 31, 2020, and later amended, the Company executed a Revolving Promissory Note (“Note”) with DSS, a related party, which accrues interest at a rate of 4.25% and is due in full at the maturity date of September 30, 2030. The Note was further amended on July 24, 2024 with an effective date of September 16, 2024 to i) allow the Company to pay certain principal and/or interest payments owing under the repayment terms in an exchange for potential of equity in the Company, ii) change the quarterly interest due dates to the last day of each calendar quarter (i.e. December 31, March 31, June 30 and September 30), iii) to adjust the On Demand feature so that it starts after the 24th month, iv) continue the planned repayment program commencing on the 37th month and on the last day of each month thereafter through August 31, 2030 to pay a fixed monthly payment of $126,381, v) to continue the scheduled maturity date of September 30, 2030, and vi) adjusts the interest rate to be the WSJ Prime Rate plus 0.50%. This Note is secured by the assets of the Company. As of March 31, 2025, the outstanding balance, inclusive of interest was $9,141,000 (net of change in fair value of the Note of $5,068,000). The $9,141,000 is recorded in Note payable, related party a March 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2024 the outstanding balance, inclusive of interest was $8,878,000 (net of change in fair value of the Note of $5,068,000). The $8,878,000 is recorded in Note payable, related party at December 31, 2024.

Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies

On August 15, 2018, the Company entered into Royalty Agreement with Chemia Corporation (“Chemia”) pursuant to which Chemia transferred to the Company all of its right to 3F (Functional Fragrance Formulation). This agreement has a 20-year term and auto renews for a period of 1 year unless mutually agreed upon by both parties. 3F consists of 3F Mosquito Repellant and 3F Anti-Viral formulations. Based on the Royalty Agreement, the Company should cover all the costs to prepare and finalize necessary patent application and other intellectual property related to 3F. Chemia agreed to support the Company in efforts leading to development of 3F intellectual property and it is licensing. Based on Royalty Agreement any payments received from development, sales, licensing or transfer of 3F technology will be paid 50% to the Company and 50% to Chemia. On November 27, 2018, Company and Chemia signed an Addendum to Royalty Agreement (“Addendum”), according to which the Company granted Chemia a royalty-based limited license for purposes of making and selling fragrances embodying the 3F technology. Based on the Addendum, Chemia should pay the Company 5% of net sales in royalty. On November 8, 2019, both companies entered into Amendment no.1 to Royalty Agreement, based on which certain expenses borne by the Company towards patent application and licensing should be reimbursed to the Company before any royalty payments are made. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there wereno reimbursements or royalties paid to the Company and the Company cannot be assured that Chemia’s efforts will end up in any future sales of the technology.

On March 19, 2022, Impact BioMedical entered into a License Agreement (“Equivir License”) with a third-party (“Licensee”) where the Licensor is granted the right, amongst other things, to develop, commercialize, and sell the Company’s Equivir technology. In exchange, the Licensee shall pay the Company a royalty of 5.5% of net sales. Under the terms of the Equivir Agreement, the Company shall reimburse the Licensee for 50% of the development costs provided that the development costs shall not exceed $1,250,000. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, a liability of $0 has been recorded in relation to the Equivir License.

Note 13. Acquisition

On February 25, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of the assets owned by DSS Pure Air, Inc. (“DSS PureAir”), a related party and under common control of DSS, Inc., for $1,150,000 to be paid by 545,024 shares of the Company’s common stock calculated on a 10-day VWAP. Assets acquired included accounts receivable valued at approximately $4,000, prepaid assets of approximately $2,000, inventory valued at approximately $489,000, and intellectual property of the Celios air purification system of approximately $325,000, inclusive of a $330,000 premium paid for the assets acquired. This premium of $330,000 is accounted for in accordance with ASC 805-50, when assets are transferred between entities under common control, the premium should not be recorded as an asset or as part of the transaction price. Instead, the premium is recorded directly to equity, reflecting the fact that the transaction is essentially an internal transfer within the consolidated group.

Note 14. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flows of noncash investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Note 15. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all subsequent events and transactions through May 14, 2025, the date that the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and noted no subsequent events requiring financial statement recognition or disclosure.