Neuraxis, INC

1. Basis of Presentation, Organization and Other Matters

NeurAxis, Inc. (“we,” “us,” the “Company,” or “NeurAxis”) was established in 2011 and incorporated in the state of Indiana in 2012 under the name of Innovative Health Solutions, Inc. The name was changed to NeurAxis, Inc. in 2022 when the Company filed a Certificate of Conversion and became a Delaware corporation.

The Company is headquartered in Carmel, Indiana, and specializes in the development, production, and sale of medical neuromodulation devices. The Company has developed four FDA cleared products: (i) the IB-STIM (DEN180057, 2019), (ii) the Rectal Expulsion Device (“RED”) (K242304,2024), (iii) the NSS-2 Bridge (DEN170018, 2017) and (iv) the original 510(K) clearance (K140530, 2014).

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and following the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP can be condensed or omitted. These interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments which are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial information. These unaudited interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, or any other interim period or for any other future year. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

These significant accounting estimates or assumptions bear the risk of change due to the fact that there are uncertainties attached to these estimates or assumptions, and certain estimates or assumptions are difficult to measure or value.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience, and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. The Company uses estimates in accounting for, among other items, revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, stock-based compensation, income tax provisions, excess and obsolete inventory reserve, and impairment of property and equipment, and intellectual property. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances, net of an allowance for credit losses. Management evaluates many factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts, including, but not limited to, creditworthiness, past transaction and payment history, current economic industry trends and changes in payment terms. Management used assumptions and judgment based on the best available facts and circumstances to estimate and record an allowance. The Company estimates credit losses on accounts receivable by utilizing an aging schedule. The allowance for credit losses was $5,000 and $5,000 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company recorded credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 of $0 and $13,634, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. The inventory is comprised of finished medical devices on hand. Certain components within the devices have an expiration date that are removed from current inventory and expensed at the date of expiration. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no expired inventory expensed. Inventory reserves totaled $4,454 and $4,454 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company accounts for financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical unrestricted assets or liabilities in active markets that the reporting entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities: quoted prices in markets that are not active; or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market date, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These unobservable inputs reflect that reporting entity’s own assumptions about assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

The Company’s Level 1 accounts include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, prepaids, and other current assets. Management believes the estimated fair value of these accounts on March 31, 2025 approximate their carrying value as reflected in the balance sheets due to the short-term nature of these instruments or the use of market interest rates for debt instruments.

The Company’s Level 3 accounts include warrant liabilities. Inputs to determine fair value are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models. The valuation techniques involve management’s estimates and judgment based on unobservable inputs. The fair value estimates may not be indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a market exchange. Additionally, there may be inherent uncertainties or changes in the underlying assumptions used, which could significantly affect the current or future fair value estimates. Unobservable inputs used in the models are significant to the fair values of the assets and liabilities.

There were no transfers between any of the levels during the periods ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company had no assets that were measured on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings or loss per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss), net of preferred stock dividends, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents that were outstanding for the periods presented. In periods when losses are reported, which is the case for the three month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 presented in these financial statements, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding excludes common stock equivalents because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

The Company had the following potentially dilutive common stock equivalents:

The following table presents the calculation of the basic and diluted net loss per share and the effect of preferred stock dividends:

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all stock-based awards at fair value. The Company recognizes its stock-based compensation expense using the straight-line method. Compensation cost is not adjusted for estimated forfeitures, but instead is adjusted upon actual forfeiture.

The Company accounts for the granting of stock options and restricted stock units to employees and non-employees using the fair value method whereby all awards are measured at fair value on the date of the grant. The fair value of all employee stock options and restricted stock units is expensed over the requisite service period with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital. Upon exercise of stock options, the consideration paid by the option holder is recorded in additional paid-in capital, while the par value of the shares received is reclassified from additional paid-in-capital to common stock. Upon vesting of restricted stock units, the par value of the shares issued are reclassified from additional paid-in-capital to common stock.

Stock-based awards to non-employees are measured based on the fair value of the equity instrument issued. Compensation expense for non-employee stock awards is recognized over the requisite service period following the measurement of the fair value on the grant date.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options. The use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected term of the option, risk-free interest rates, the value of the common stock and expected dividend yield of the common stock. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with FASB’s ASC 606,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (“ASC 606”), the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, it performs the following five steps:

The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it determines that it is probable it will collect substantially all the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price, after consideration of variability and constraints, if any, that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company offers a Patient Assistance Program for patients without insurance coverage for IB-Stim. This program extends potential self-pay discounts for IB-Stim devices, based upon household income and size.

Also, the Company offers providers an opt-in program to address adequate insurance claim payments on IB-Stim devices. This program may extend a rebate or invoice credit where the insurance payment and patient responsibility (i.e., deductible, co-payment, and/or co-insurance amounts required by the Payer) are less than the acquisition cost of the IB-Stim device. The Company recognizes revenue at such a time that collection of the amount due is assured.

Certain economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of the Company’s revenue and cash flows. All of the Company’s products are sold to healthcare customers including hospitals, clinics and physician offices. Sales to healthcare customers lack seasonality and have a mild correlation with economic cycles. All of the Company’s sales are to customers located within the United States. Sales contracts consist of purchase orders that are short-term (i.e., less than or equal to one year).

The Company typically satisfies its performance obligations for goods at a point in time as they are received at the customer’s destination (rather than over time). Goods are shipped by common carrier to customers under FOB destination terms. As such, ownership of goods in transit is transferred to the customer upon receipt as the Company bears the associated risks (e.g., loss, damage, delay). Management typically relies on shipping information from common carriers to evaluate when the customer has obtained control of the goods. Shipping and handling costs are recorded as Cost of Goods Sold in the Statements of Operations.

The Company’s contracts with customers typically do not involve variable consideration. The information that the Company uses to determine the transaction price for a contract is similar to the information that the Company’s management uses in establishing the prices of goods to be sold.

Orders may not be cancelled after shipment. Customers may return devices within 10 days of delivery if the goods are found to be defective, nonconforming, or otherwise do not meet the stated technical specifications. At the option of the customer, the Company shall either:

At the time revenue is recognized, the Company estimates expected returns and excludes those amounts from revenue. The Company also maintains appropriate accounts to reflect the effects of expected returns on the Company’s financial position and periodically adjusts those accounts to reflect its actual return experience. Estimated returns totaled $6,587 and $5,000 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Payment for goods sold by the Company is typically due after an invoice is sent to the customer, within 30 days. The Company does not offer discounts if the customer pays some or all of an invoiced amount prior to the due date. None of the Company’s contracts have a significant financing component.

Medical devices that the Company contracts to sell and transfer to customers are manufactured by two third-party manufacturers located in Indiana and Michigan. In no case does the Company act as an agent (i.e., the Company does not provide a service of arranging for another party to transfer goods to the customer).

Going Concern

As of March 31, 2025, we had stockholders’ equity of $258,479 and short-term outstanding borrowings of $84,307. Additionally, we had cash of $2,005,370 and a working capital surplus of $439,823 as of March 31, 2025. However, we have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and have funded our operations primarily with a combination of sales, debt, and the sale of capital stock.

Our future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including progress with developing, manufacturing, and marketing our technologies, the time and costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, and enforcing patent claims and other proprietary rights, our ability to establish collaborative arrangements, marketing activities and competing technological and market developments, including regulatory changes and overall economic conditions in our target markets. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability requires us to successfully market and secure purchase orders for our products from customers currently identified in our sales pipeline and to new customers as well. The primary activity that will drive all customers and revenues is the adoption of insurance coverage by commercial insurance carriers nationally, which is a top priority of the Company. These activities, including our planned research and development efforts, will require significant uses of working capital through the rest of 2025 and beyond.

Management evaluates whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date the financial statements are issued.

While the Company believes in the viability of its strategy to further implement its business plan and generate sufficient revenues and in its ability to raise additional funds by way of a public or private offering of its debt or equity securities, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so on reasonable terms, or at all. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to further implement its business plan and generate sufficient revenues and its ability to raise additional funds by way of a public or private offering. Neither future cash generated from operating activities, nor management’s contingency plans to mitigate the risk and extend cash resources through the evaluation period, are considered probable. As a result, substantial doubt is deemed to exist about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As we continue to incur losses, our transition to profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure. We may never achieve profitability, and unless and until doing so, we intend to fund future operations through additional dilutive or nondilutive financing. There can be no assurances, however, that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

The financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic (220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosures that disaggregate, in a tabular presentation, each relevant expense caption on the face of the income statement that includes inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible amortization expense. Additional disclosures are also required to provide a qualitative description of the amounts in an expense caption that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively and the total amount of selling expenses including a definition. Public business entities are required to adopt the standard for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Disclosures are required for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Although the standard requires enhanced disclosures, the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-19, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires the enhancement of income tax disclosures to provide better insight into how an entity’s operations and related tax risks, planning and opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. The enhanced disclosures require (i) specific categories in a tabular rate reconciliation including both amounts and percentages and (ii) additional information for reconciling items and income tax paid that meet a quantitative threshold. Public business entities are required to adopt the standard for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. All other entities are required to adopt the standard for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

3. Related Party Transactions

The Company has two demand notes receivable from shareholders related to the sale of common stock on January 1, 2016. Both notes’ principal balances are $506,400, with interest calculated monthly based on applicable federal rates. No payments have been received on the notes. Since repayment is not assured, the Company provided an allowance for the entire balance of principal and interest as of December 31, 2019. The current allowance is $1,012,800 as of March 31, 2025. The current loan balances are as follows:

The Company was granted an exclusive, worldwide non-transferable, royalty-free license for the auricular portion of certain patents owned by a limited liability company in which the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Regulatory, Compliance and Privacy Officer both maintain an ownership interest. The license allows for the development, marketing and sales of electro-therapy treatments by stimulation of cranial nerves, cranial nerve branches, auricular nerves, auricular nerve branches, auricular nerve bundles and auricular anatomical structures in human patient. The exclusive license agreement expires on October 18, 2037, may be terminated by either party upon 60 days prior written notice and requires the Company to pay costs associated with the maintenance, prosecution and continuation of patent filings. The Company’s Board of Directors pre-approved the reimbursement of up to $10,000 for the year ending December 31,2025. The license costs totaled $1,317 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company owed the limited liability company $210 and $0 that are included in accounts payable in the Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

From time to time, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors purchases IB-STIM devices from the Company at cost to conduct research and development activities. The Company’s Board of Directors pre-approved the sale of these IB-STIM devices up to $10,000 for the year ended December 31,2025. The Company sold IB-STIM devices for a total of $1,957 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company’s former Chief Financial Officer is contracted for services through a third-party public accounting firm. He is the firm’s managing partner and majority shareholder. The firm is engaged by the Company to provide accounting and tax services on a continuous basis. The services totaled $21,871 and $62,987 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company owed the firm $2,710 and $4,173 that are included in accounts payable as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. On June 28, 2024, the Company also issued 20,000 common shares with a fair value $55,600 to the former Chief Financial Officer for services rendered during the IPO process.

4. Prepaids and Other Current Assets

Prepaids and other current assets consisted of the following:

5. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

6. Notes Payable

Promissory Notes

On August 9, 2024, the Company entered into a $210,000 promissory note to finance the premiums of a business insurance policy, bearing interest at a rate of 7.40% per annum and maturing on June 9, 2025. On November 1, 2024, the Company entered into a second promissory note with a principal balance of $64,328 to finance premiums of other business insurance policies, bearing interest at a rate of 7.65% per annum and maturing on September 1, 2025 (collectively referred to as the “2024 Promissory Notes”). The principal outstanding on 2024 Promissory Notes was $84,307 and $154,152 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

2024 Convertible Notes

On November 8, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) with a shareholder for the issuance 1,260,504 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), for an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000 paid in 15 monthly installments of $200,000 each, commencing on the later of January 10, 2024 or a date after stockholder approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to authorize the creation of the Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock was convertible at any time into shares of common stock of the Company without any further consideration. Following the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock, it would rank senior to the common stock with respect to payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company. Due to a delay in the stockholder approval, the Company amended the SPA on February 12, 2024 to issue a convertible promissory note, due and payable on the earlier of 15 months or 12 months if the Series B Preferred Stock has not been authorized, convertible into Series B Convertible Preferred Stock with identical funding amounts and terms (the “$3,000,000 Convertible Promissory Note”). The shareholder funded $800,000 of the $3,000,000 commitment in 2024.

The Company then proceeded to enter into a series of incremental convertible promissory notes with other investors totaling $1,135,000 with terms identical to the $3,000,000 Convertible Promissory Note (collectively referred to as the “Original 2024 Convertible Promissory Notes”) for an aggregate principal amount of $1,935,000.

The 2024 Original Convertible Promissory Notes earned interest at 8.5% per annum payable quarterly in either cash or common stock at the election of the Company. At any time following the date of shareholder approval to authorize the creation of Series B Preferred Stock prior to the maturity date, the investor may elect to convert all or part of the principal into the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock at a conversion price per share equal to $2.38. Without limiting the forgoing, all principal amounts outstanding on the maturity date will automatically convert into the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to cumulative dividends at 8.5% per annum (whether or not declared) payable quarterly in either cash or common stock at the $2.38 conversion price at the election of the Company. Upon conversion to Series B Preferred Stock, the investor may elect, at its option at any time, to convert all or part of the Series B Preferred Stock plus accrued but unpaid dividends into an equivalent amount of common stock at the $2.38 conversion price.

Subsequently, the Company entered into three convertible promissory notes with related institutional accredited investors with terms similar to the Original 2024 Convertible Promissory Notes (collectively referred to as the “Amended 2024 Convertible Promissory Notes”) for an additional principal amount of $3,000,000. Certain provisions to the SPA and Certificate of Designation previously issued on February 12, 2024 changed, including (i) the number of shares of preferred stock to be designated as Series B Preferred Stock was increased to 4,000,000 shares, (ii) the stated value of the Series B Preferred Stock was changed to $2.38 per share, (iii) the right to receive dividends will expire automatically on June 30, 2025, (iv) the liquidation rights will automatically expire on June 30, 2025, and (v) the number of shares of the common stock that a holder of Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to receive shall not exceed the maximum percentage chosen by the holder, which is initially set at between 4.99% and 19.99% until shareholder approval is obtained, of the number of outstanding shares of the common stock at the time of the conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock shares.

The maturity date was on the earlier of (i) June 21, 2025, (ii) upon written demand occurring on or after March 21, 2025 in the event that the Series B Preferred Stock has not been duly authorized on or before such date, or (iii) immediately upon the occurrence of an event of default. Automatic conversion into shares of Series B Preferred Stock (at a conversion price of $2.38 per share) would occur following the date of shareholder approval. In the event the Company failed to obtain shareholder approval before August 15, 2024, rights existed to convert the outstanding amount into shares of the common stock, at a price per share of $2.38.

As of August 15, 2024, the Company received $4,935,000 of the principal amount of the Amended 2024 Convertible Notes with the remainder due in monthly installments through March of 2025 resulting in an effective interest rate of 12.5%. On August 15, 2024, the Company’s shareholders authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock of which 4,000,000 shares were designated as $0.001 par value Series B preferred stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended 2024 Convertible Promissory Notes, the outstanding principal balance of $4,935,000 was mandatorily converted into 2,073,524 Series B Preferred Shares at a conversion price of $2.38 on August 15, 2024. Amortization of the debt discount on the Amended 2024 Convertible Notes totaled $21,683 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. There was no amortization of the debt discount for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as the unamortized debt discount of $165,577 was reclassified to Additional Paid-In-Capital in the Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) on August 15, 2024 upon mandatory conversion.

Interest expense totaled $2,237 and $26,560 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s accrued interest totaled $66,648 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

7. Leases

The Company’s leases are comprised of operating leases for office space. At the inception of the lease, the Company determines whether the lease contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the commencement date of the lease. Operating leases are recorded as operating lease right-of-use assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in the Balance Sheets. The Company did not have any finance leases at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company has two leases primarily consisting of office space in Versailles and Carmel, Indiana. The lease in Versailles started January 1, 2022 and had a term of one year, with automatic one year renewal, unless 60 day notice of vacating is given, commencing on the execution hereof and continuing through December 31 st of each year. The current monthly lease payment for this lease is $1,800 with a 4% per annum increase. A new lease in Carmel, Indiana commenced January 1, 2024. The initial term is five years and five months. The monthly lease payment started at $6,721 with an annual increase of 2.5%. As long as the Company is not in default, it is only obligated to pay an amount equal to 50% of the monthly base rent for the first 10 months of the term.

The Company recognized operating lease expense of $25,523 and $25,756 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, including short-term lease expense and variable lease costs.

The following table presents information related to the Company’s operating leases:

As of March 31, 2025, the maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities were as follows:

8. Common Stock and Warrants

The Company authorized 100,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 7,215,864 and 6,990,227 shares were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

On January 17, 2025, the Company issued (i)39,471 shares of common stock with a fair value of $112,493 to its Board of Directors for their service from April 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024, which was recorded as general and administrative expense in the Condensed Statements of Operations and (ii)186,166 shares of common stock to an investor in exchange for 502,647 warrants in a cashless exercise transaction with $186 reclassified from additional paid in capital to common stock in the Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit).

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued (i)11,000 common shares upon the exercise of warrants for $26,180, (ii)75,000 shares as payment to a vendor for services.

The following is a summary of warrant activity for common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024:

The following table summarizes the Company’s warrants outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2025:

9. Preferred Stock

On August 15, 2024, the Company’s shareholders authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock of which 4,000,000 shares were designated as $0.001 par value Series B Preferred Stock with 4,280,939 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025. Series B Preferred Stock shareholders vote with Common Stock shareholders on an as-converted basis and not as a separate class. Cumulative dividends accrue at 8.5% per annum and are due and payable in either cash for common shares as the Company’s discretion on a quarterly basis through June 30, 2025. Series B Preferred Stock converts to common stock on a 1:1 basis, subject to adjustments for stock dividends, splits, combinations and similar events as well as unpaid dividends thereon, solely at the election of the holder at any time.

Prior to August 15, 2024 the Company had 1,000,000 and 120,000 shares authorized as Series A and Series Seed Preferred Stock, respectively, of which zero shares are issued and outstanding for both classes of preferred stock as of December 31, 2023, respectively. The Series A and Series Seed Preferred Stock (i) voted together with common stock on an as-converted basis, and not as separate classes and (ii) converted 1:1 to common stock at any time at option of holder, subject to adjustments for stock dividends, splits, combinations, and similar events. The Series A Preferred Stock carried an annual 8% cumulative dividend, payable upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. For any other dividends or distributions, the Series A Preferred Stock participated with common stock on an as-converted basis. The Company’s 1,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 120,000 shares of Series Seed Preferred Stock were retired on August 15, 2024.

Pursuant to the terms of the Amended 2024 Convertible Notes, the principal balance of $4,935,000 on August 15, 2024 was mandatorily converted into 2,073,524 Series B Preferred Shares at a conversion price of $2.38. Subsequently, the Company then proceeded to issue 64,913 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to various investors for $154,500.

On November 11, 2024, the Company’s shareholders authorized (i) an increase in the number of designated Series B Preferred Stock to 5,000,000 shares and (ii) an extension of the 8.5% per annum cumulative dividend period to December 31, 2026. Subsequently, the Company issued 2,100,840 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to a dedicated life sciences fund for $5,000,000 and 41,662 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to various investors for $99,164.

Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the Series B Preferred Stock shareholders maintain priority preference over all other classes of capital stock. A merger or consolidation (other than one in which stockholders of the Company own a majority by voting power of the outstanding shares of the surviving or acquiring corporation) and a sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company will be treated as a liquidation event, thereby triggering payment of the liquidation preferences.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there wereno preferred stock dividends declared or paid. Series B Preferred Stock undeclared cumulative dividends totaled $424,811 and $211,268 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

Restricted Stock Units

Pursuant to the NeurAxis, Inc. 2022 Omnibus Securities and Incentive Plan, the Company initiated grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) on January 3, 2025 and March 4, 2025 to certain employees as follows:

The RSUs are subject to a three-year cliff-vesting period and are payable in shares of the Company’s common stock. The RSUs fully vest upon (i) death or disability or (ii) change of control. Dividend equivalents accrue on RSUs and are paid upon vesting; there were no accrued dividends on unvested RSUs as of March 31, 2025. No RSUs were granted during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Total stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs is classified in the Company’s Condensed Statements of Operations as general and administrative expense and amounted to $105,811 and $227,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, total unrecognized stock-compensation expense relating to unvested stock awards granted under the Company’s share-based compensation plans amounted to $1,654,312.

Stock Options

The following is a summary of the Company’s outstanding stock options as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

There wasno stock-based compensation expense related to stock options recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

11. Warrant Liabilities

The Company has evaluated financial instruments arising from warrants that are issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company utilizes a Black-Scholes option-pricing model to compute the fair value of the liability and to mark to market the fair value of the warrant at each balance sheet date. The inputs utilized in the application of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model included (i) an exercise price of $8.76 per share, (ii) an expected remaining term of each warrant based on the remaining contractual maturity of the each warrant, (iii) estimated volatility ranging from 75.0% to 84.5% based on historical stock prices of comparable companies with a look back period commensurate with the period to maturity, (iv) a risk-free interest rate ranging from 3.84% to 4.38% based on the interest rates of U.S. Treasury Notes consistent with the expected remaining contract term and (v) a 0% expected dividend yield as the Company has not paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends in the near future.

The following are the changes in the warrant liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024:

12.Segment Information

The Company evaluates the following factors to identify its reportable segments: (i) nature of products and services, (ii) type of customer for the products and services, (iii) sales, production and distribution methods of the products and services and (iv) the nature of the regulatory environment, if applicable. Based on an evaluation of these factors, management concluded that the Company’s operations are managed through one reportable segment, IB-STIM, that derives its revenues in the United States from a PENFS device that is used to treat patients 8-21 years of age with functional abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. IB-STIM currently is the only product marketed and sold by the Company. The accounting policies of the IB-STIM segment are the same as those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (see Footnote 2). The CODM regularly evaluates the performance of the IB-STIM segment for the purpose of allocating resources based on net sales and operating loss, both of which are reported in the Statements of Operations. The CODM uses net sales to evaluate IB-STIM’s adoption and utilization by insurance carriers and physicians. As Neuraxis is an emerging growth company, operating loss is used to monitor the Company’s cost structure in order to achieve future segment profitability. Both net sales and operating loss are measured against the budget on a periodic basis to assess achievement toward annual compensation incentive targets. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

The following reconciles the reportable segment net sales and operating loss to the Company’s reported net loss:

Total segment assets for IB-STIM amounted to $3,029,809 and $4,757,572 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Total segment capital expenditures for IB-STIM amounted to $18,000 and $14,722 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Total segment depreciation and amortization amounted to $6,356 and $10,737 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Significant segment non-cash charges settled in common stock include (i) consulting and advisory fees totaling $112,493 and $200,250 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

13. Settled Litigation

On February 6, 2019, plaintiff Ritu Bhambhani, M.D., initiated a lawsuit against Innovative Health Solutions, Inc. and others in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Plaintiffs Bhambhani and Sudhir Rao subsequently amended the complaint, with the Third Amended Complaint (“Complaint”) containing the most recent set of allegations. The Complaint asserted claims under the RICO Act, as well as of fraudulent misrepresentation, intentional misrepresentation by concealment, and civil conspiracy and sought compensatory damages in excess of $5 million, pre-judgment interest, punitive damages, attorney’s fees, court costs and designation of the case as a class action. The Complaint stated that the Company, distributors of the Company’s product, and medical billing and coding consultants allegedly made misrepresentations to the plaintiffs that the Company’s NeuroStim device and related procedures could be billed to, and reimbursed by, Medicare and other insurance payors as a surgically implantable neurostimulator. Plaintiffs claim to have suffered damages when Medicare administrative contractors declined to pay plaintiffs for their use of the device.

On February 11, 2022, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment based upon the plaintiffs not being proper parties to assert claims against the Company. On June 14, 2022, the Court granted the Company’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed the Complaint.

On July 14, 2022, plaintiffs Ritu Bhambhani and Sudhir Rao filed a notice of appeal with the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. On June 3, 2024, the Fourth Circuit denied the plaintiff’s appeal and entered judgment against the plaintiffs. On June 25, 2024, the Fourth Circuit entered its mandate declaring that its judgment against the plaintiffs took effect that day. The plaintiffs did not seek any further review or appeal of that judgment.

Also on July 14, 2022, plaintiffs Ritu Bhambhani, LLC; Box Hill Surgery Center, LLC; Pain and Spine Specialists of Maryland, LLC; and SimCare ASC, LLC initiated a lawsuit against the Company and others in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. The plaintiffs in this lawsuit are business entities owned or partially owned by the plaintiffs that initiated the litigation described above. The Complaint asserted claims under the RICO Act, as well as fraudulent misrepresentation, intentional misrepresentation by concealment, and civil conspiracy and seeks compensatory damages in excess of $75,000, pre-judgment interest, punitive damages, attorney’s fees, and court costs. The Complaint states that the Company, distributors of the Company’s product, and medical billing and coding consultants allegedly made misrepresentations to the plaintiffs that the Company’s NeuroStim device and related procedures could be billed to, and reimbursed by, Medicare and other insurance payors as a surgically implantable neurostimulator. Plaintiffs claim to have suffered damages when Medicare administrative contractors declined to pay plaintiffs for their use of the device.

On September 28, 2022, the Company filed a motion to dismiss all claims. On May 25, 2023, the Court issued an Order and a Memorandum Opinion which dismissed the plaintiffs’ claims related to the RICO Act. The remaining claims are still pending, and no trial date has been set for the case. The Court has vacated its Scheduling Order at the parties’ request so that the parties could try to resolve the disputes in both cases through an independent third-party mediator.

On April 25, 2025, the parties reached a tentative $750,000 settlement payable in 12 equal monthly installments beginning in January of 2026. The Company recorded a charge of $619,097 classified as general and administrative expense in the Condensed Statements of Operations during the three months ended March 31, 2025, while interest expense will be recorded as incurred. As of March 31, 2025, the Company accrued $187,500 as accrued expenses and $431,597 as other non-current liabilities in the Condensed Balance Sheets.

14.Commitments and Contingencies

Manufacturing Services Agreement

The Company is party to a manufacturing services agreement for the manufacture and supply of the Company’s IB-STIM device based on the Company’s product specifications that automatically renews annually unless either party provides a written termination notice to the other party within 180 days prior to the end of the then-current term. The Company provides the necessary equipment to the manufacturer and retains ownership. The manufacturer bears the risk of loss of and damage to the equipment and consigned materials. Performance under the agreement is initiated by orders issued by the Company and accepted by the manufacturer.

Advisory Agreement

On March 18, 2024, the Company terminated its private placement services agreement and entered into an advisory agreement for debt, equity and public securities market services for one year. The advisory agreement included a monthly fee of $30,000 and 7,563 common stock warrants to be issued monthly at an exercise price of $2.38 with a term of five years. On December 31, 2024, the Company and the financial advisor terminated the advisory agreement subject to the cancelation of all common stock warrants issued after July 2024 and the payment for services rendered totaling $180,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Settlement Agreements

The Company settled a 2023 convertible note dispute with an existing shareholder for $230,824 during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Board approved the issuance of 53,063 common shares on April 4, 2024 as consideration in lieu of payment recorded as financing charges in the Condensed Statements of Operations. There were no shares of common stock issued to settle any claims during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Furthermore, the Company authorized the issuance of 1,518 shares of its common stock to settle remaining claims with pre-IPO Series A Preferred Stock shareholders classified as $4,220 of other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 in the Condensed Statements of Operations and accrued expenses in the Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These common shares have not yet been issued as of the reporting date as the Company awaits execution of the settlement agreements by the counterparties. There are no further settlement obligations as of March 31, 2025.

Executive Employment Agreements

The Company, as authorized by the board of directors, entered into employment agreements with certain employees to provide incentives to improve shareholder value and to contribute to the growth and financial success of the Company. The agreements had an employment start date of October 1, 2022, with initial terms from 2 to 5 years andoptional one-year renewals.

There are seven key employees that have stock options of the Company totaling 1,238,712 shares. These key employees have a provision in their agreements whereas the Company will pay a special bonus equal to the aggregate of the strike price or exercise price of all their stock options plus a tax gross-up payment. The special bonus shall be paid in twenty percent (20%) installments starting January 2, 2024, and the same date each of the next four years. As a condition of the payment, the key employee must exercise at least 20% of their stated number of stock options. There are additional provisions to cover termination and change of control events.

In April 2023, the Company amended the employee agreements to, among other things, clarify that the special one-time incentive payment and the deferred bonus are contingent upon the effective date of the planned initial public offering. The amendment also sets forth a process for executives to exercise the stock options in accordance with the terms of the stock option agreement in effect as of the date of the employment agreement and to clarify that there is no modification to the stock option agreements.

The special options bonuses of $14,821,830 were contingent upon a successful initial public offering and will be recorded when paid.

On April 10, 2024, the employment of the Company’s Chief Operating Officer was terminated. Pursuant to the employment agreement, the Company (i) made salary continuation payments based on an annual salary of $275,000 through October 10, 2024, (ii) issued 25,832 shares of common stock at a fair value of $78,788 and (iii) made a $41,980 one-time payment in lieu of the exercise of 13,764 stock options that expired on January 2, 2024. The Company is contracted to provide health care coverage through October 2025 and has accrued for that obligation totaling $15,421 and $21,418 classified as Accrued Expenses in the Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Threatened Litigation

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of business. As of the date of issuance, other than those described below and in note 13, there were no pending or threatened legal proceedings that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the results of the Company’s operations. There are also no proceedings in which any of the Company’s directors, officers or affiliates is an adverse party to the Company or has a material interest adverse to the Company’s interest. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.

In January 2024, Dr. Arturo Taca served notice to the Company that asserted an interest in its U.S. Patent No. 10,413,719 valued at $2,000,000 based on his own work in neurostimulation. The Company denied both the neurostimulation patent and compensation claims. The case remains unresolved. While it is too early to predict the ultimate outcome of this matter, we believe the Company has meritorious defenses and intends to defend this matter vigorously.

15. Subsequent Events

On April 25, 2025, the parties reached a tentative $750,000 settlement payable in 12 equal monthly installments beginning in January of 2026. The Company recorded a charge of $619,097 classified as general and administrative expense in the Condensed Statements of Operations during the three months ended March 31, 2025, while interest expense will be recorded as incurred. As of March 31, 2025, the Company accrued $187,500 as accrued expenses and $431,597 as other non-current liabilities in the Condensed Balance Sheets.

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and determined that there have been no other events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the condensed financial statements.