Sidus Space Inc.

DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Organization

Sidus Space Inc. (“Sidus”, “we”, “us” or the “Company”), was formed as Craig Technologies Aerospace Solutions, LLC, in the state of Florida, on July 17, 2012. On April 16, 2021, the Company filed a Certificate of Conversion to register and incorporate with the state of Delaware and on August 13, 2021 changed the company name to Sidus Space, Inc.

Description of Business

Founded in 2012, Sidus Space is an innovative, agile space mission enabler providing flexible, cost-effective solutions to government, defense, intelligence, and commercial companies around the globe. Our products and services include satellite manufacturing and technology integration, AI-driven space-based data solutions, mission planning and management operations, AI/ML products and services and space and defense manufacturing. With our mission of Space Access Reimagined®, Sidus is committed to rapid innovation, adaptable and cost-effective solutions, and the optimization of space system and data collection performance.

We offer customers a variety of mission options whether the ability to host a technology, procure a satellite bus, or simply purchase data as a service. Our flight proven modular satellite, LizzieSat® is a 3D printed, multi-sensor, multi-mission satellite, which is the first of its kind, offering a flexible, cost-effective platform that can be easily adapted to integrate new technologies or customized and scaled to create a new satellite design to meet mission requirements.

Through our Sidus Orlaith™ AI ecosystem, we enable near real-time on-orbit data processing, enhancing the speed and efficiency of data delivery from LizzieSat® sensors. Orlaith™ offers high-performance on-orbit edge computing and data processing from diverse sensor sets leveraging Sidus’ proprietary FeatherEdge™ hardware and Cielo™ software. Orlaith’s systemic capabilities provide industry-leading and differentiated data delivery for a wide range of end uses including methane detection, AIS tracking, border security, and technology characterization. Orlaith’s data processing can also be seamlessly customized for new and/or esoteric missions

Reverse Stock Split

On December 6, 2023, the Board approved a one-for-one hundred(1-for-100) reverse split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). On December 19, 2023, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate of amendment to its certificate of incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to effect the Reverse Stock Split. All share and per share information in these financial statements retroactively reflect this reverse stock split.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and are presented in US dollars. The Company uses the accrual basis of accounting and has adopted a December 31 fiscal year end.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the variable interest entity (“VIE”), Aurea Alas Limited (“Aurea”), of which we are the primary beneficiary. Aurea is a Limited company organized in the Isle of Man, which entered into a license agreement with a third party vendor, whereby they licensed the rights to use certain available radio frequency spectrum for satellite communications. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

For entities determined to be VIEs, an evaluation is required to determine whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity specifically determining if the Company has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance (“the power”) and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE (“the benefits”). When making the determination on whether the benefits received from an entity are significant, the Company considers the total economics of the entity and analyzes whether the Company’s share of the economics is significant. The Company utilizes qualitative factors, and, where applicable, quantitative factors, while performing the analysis.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex, and, consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates. Examples of estimates and assumptions include: for revenue recognition, determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations,, the fair value of and/or potential impairment of property and equipment; product life cycles; useful lives of our property and equipment; allowances for doubtful accounts; the market value of, and demand for, our inventory; fair value calculation of warrant; and the potential outcome of uncertain tax positions that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of balance sheet presentation and reporting of cash flows, the Company considers all unrestricted demand deposits, money market funds and highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of less than 90 days to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company hadno cash equivalents at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Periodically, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions more than the federally insured limit of $250,000 per institution. The amount in excess of the FDIC insurance as of December 31, 2024, was $645,275. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institutions, that the credit risk with regard to these deposits is not significant. The Company has also mitigated some of the risk through the use of a premium savings account. This account is used for amounts that are over a set balance maintained in the Company’s general operating account. Balances in the premium savings account are insured up to $150 million.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount of consideration from customers of which the Company has an unconditional right to receive plus any accrued and unpaid interest. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions. The Company sells certain accounts receivable with recourse in order to accelerate the receipt of cash. Bechtel, Craig Technologies and TNO make up approximately 38%,19% and 12% of the total revenue respectively in FY24 and 13%,44% and 34% respectively of December 31, 2024 accounts receivable. Bechtel and L3 make up approximately 31% and 9% of the total revenue respectively for FY23 and 58% and 11% of the total December 31, 2023, accounts receivable respectively.

Bad Debt and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Historically the Company has been able to collect all past due amounts and has not written off past due invoices, therefore there is limited historical data on the company’s historical losses or expected losses at this time. In compliance with GAAP the Company has determined the following policy will be followed regarding outstanding customer invoices.

An allowance for doubtful accounts has been established to reflect the anticipated uncollectible value of the related receivable account. Review procedures have been established to provide a realistic reserve based on past collection experience and anticipated losses on the receivables.

The company will utilize the allowance method based on accounts receivable aging in order to accrue bad debt expense and the contra balance sheet account, allowance for doubtful accounts. The accounts receivable aging will be reviewed quarterly and necessary adjustments made to the allowance for doubtful accounts account balance. The Company will review their policy annually to determine if adjustments should be made based on more recent accounts receivable trends.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded bad debt of $87,129 and $17,871, respectively. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts balance at December 31, 2024 was $112,500 and $25,370 at December 31, 2023.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period or vesting period. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.

Share-based payments are valued using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The grants are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods, which is generally the vesting period. If an award is granted, but vesting does not occur, any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed in the period related to the termination of service.

The expected option term is computed using the “simplified” method as permitted under the provisions of ASC 718-10-S99. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate expected term of share options and similar instruments as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The share price as of the grant date was determined by current market prices for our common stock. Expected volatility is based on the historical stock price volatility of comparable companies’ common stock, as our stock does not have sufficient historical trading activity. Risk free interest rates were obtained from U.S. Treasury rates for the applicable periods.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The amounts included within contract assets and contract liabilities are related to the company’s long-term construction contracts. The Company accounts for the majority of its fixed price or time and materials contracts as performance obligations satisfied over times, due to the Company’s enforceable right to collect based on services provided through any applicable date of termination. Amounts recognized as revenue over time due to this, but in which the Company does not yet have the right to invoice for due to contractual arrangements are reflected as contract assets until such time as they are invoiced, and the Company has the right to receive payment. Retainage for which the company has an unconditional right to payment that is only subject to the passage of time is classified as contracts receivable. Retainage subject to conditions other than the passage of time are included in contract assets and contract liabilities on a net basis at the individual contract level. Contract assets represent revenue recognized in excess of amounts paid or payable (contracts receivable) to the company on uncompleted contracts. Contract liabilities represent the company’s obligation to perform on uncompleted contracts with customers for which the company has received payment or for which contracts receivable are outstanding.

Inventory

Inventory consists of work in progress and consists of estimated revenue calculated on a percentage of completion based on direct labor and materials in relation to the total contract value. The Company does not maintain raw materials.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, consisting mostly of plant and machinery, motor vehicles and computer equipment, is recorded at cost reduced by accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Construction in progress generally involves short-term capital projects and is not depreciated until the development has reached completion and the asset has been put into service. Depreciation expense is recognized over the assets’ estimated useful lives ofthree toten years using the straight-line method. Major additions and improvements are capitalized as additions to the property and equipment accounts, while replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred. Estimated useful lives are periodically reviewed and, when appropriate, changes are made prospectively. When certain events or changes in operating conditions occur, asset lives may be adjusted and an impairment assessment may be performed on the recoverability of the carrying amounts.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the undiscounted future cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If impairment is indicated, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs, when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expense and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and loans payable, are carried at historical cost. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximated their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

Business Combinations

Business combinations are recorded using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the tangible assets, liabilities, identifiable intangible assets acquired and non-controlling interest, if any, based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses are expensed as incurred.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired.

Intangible assets with finite lives are initially recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic useful lives of the respective assets.

Acquired intangible assets from business combinations are recognized and measured at fair value at the time of acquisition. The identifiable intangible asset recognized in the Company’s acquisitions is a customer list, which will be tested for impairment annually.

Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers using the modified retrospective transition approach. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recognized in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled for exchange of those goods or services. The Company’s updated accounting policies and related disclosures are set forth below, including the disclosure for disaggregated revenue. The impact of adopting ASC 606 was not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue from the Company is recognized under Topic 606 in a manner that reasonably reflects the delivery of its services and products to customers in return for expected consideration and includes the following elements:

These five elements, as applied to each of the Company’s revenue category, are summarized below:

Revenues from fixed price manufacturing related contracts that are still in progress at month end are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the percentage of total costs incurred to date to the estimated total costs for each contract. This method is used because management considers total costs to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts. Revenue from fixed price contracts and time-and-materials contracts that are completed in the month the work was started are recognized when the work is shipped. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps: identify the contract with the client, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenues when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenues from fixed price service contracts that contain provisions for milestone payments primarily related to satellite technology related contracts are recognized at the time of the milestone being met. This method is used because management considers that the payments are nonrefundable unless the entity fails to perform as promised. If the customer terminates the contract, the Company is entitled to retain any progress payments received from the customer and the Company has no further rights to compensation from the customer. Even though the payments made by the customer are nonrefundable, the cumulative amount of those payments is not expected, at all times throughout the contract, to at least correspond to the amount that would be necessary to compensate the Company for performance completed to date. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the progress under the contract as a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps: identify the contract with the client, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenues when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company accounts for the majority of its fixed price or time and materials contracts as performance obligations satisfied over times, due to the Company’s enforceable right to collect based on services provided through any applicable date of termination. Amounts recognized as revenue over time due to this, but in which the Company does not yet have the right to invoice for due to contractual arrangements are reflected as contract assets until such time as they are invoiced, and the Company has the right to receive payment.

Cost of revenue

Costs are recognized when incurred. Cost of revenue consists of direct labor, subcontract, materials, depreciation on machinery and equipment, and other direct costs.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock

The Company has adopted ASC Topic 260,“Earnings per Share” which requires presentation of basic earnings per share on the face of the statements of operations for all entities with complex capital structures and requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic earnings per share computation. In the accompanying financial statements, basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive outstanding shares of common stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common stock issuable through contingent share arrangements, stock options and warrants unless the result would be antidilutive.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the following common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the result of the computation was anti-dilutive.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities - current, and operating lease liabilities - noncurrent on the balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities in our balance sheets.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we generally use our incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded on our balance sheet and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in our statement of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company adopted FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, at its inception. Under FASB ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax expense represents the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are individually classified as current and non-current based on their characteristics. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. No deferred tax assets or liabilities were recognized as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own ordinary shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes pricing model.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, ASC Subtopic “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”. These amendments clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its financial statements.

Note 3. Variable Interest Entity

The consolidated financial statements include Aurea Alas Limited, which is a variable interest entity of which we are the primary beneficiary, and on August 26, 2020, the Company entered into a licensing agreement with Aurea. Aurea is a Limited company organized in the Isle of Man, which entered into a license agreement with a third-party vendor, whereby they licensed the rights to use certain available radio frequency spectrum for satellite communications. The Company is responsible for 100% of the operations of Aurea and derives 100% of the net profits or losses derived from the business operations. The assets, liabilities and the operations of Aurea from the date of inception (July 20, 2020), were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Through a declaration of trust,100% of the voting rights of Aurea’s shareholders have been transferred to the Company so that the Company has effective control over Aurea and has the power to direct the activities of Aurea that most significantly impact its economic performance. There are no restrictions on the consolidated VIE’s assets and on the settlement of its liabilities and all carrying amounts of VIE’s assets and liabilities are consolidated with the Company’s financial statements.

If facts and circumstances change such that the conclusion to consolidate the VIE has changed, the Company shall disclose the primary factors that caused the change and the effect on the Company’s financial statements in the periods when the change occurs.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Aurea’s assets and liabilities are as follows:

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, Aurea’s net loss was $170,114 and $157,467, respectively.

Note 4. Prepaid expense and Other current assets

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, prepaid expense and other current assets are as follows:

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded interest expense of $18,492 and $26,302 related to financing of our prepaid insurance policies.

Note 5. Inventory

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, inventory is as follows:

Work in Process consists of components and related labor and other costs incurred on applicable contracts based on estimated total costs to complete. Related labor and other non-component costs for longer term contracts subject to contractual invoicing arrangement are reflected in contracts receivable. For comparison purposes 2023 was adjusted to reflect labor and other related costs for longer term contracts subject to contractual invoicing arrangements previously reflected in Work in Process to be reflected in contracts receivable.

Note 6. Property and Equipment

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, property and equipment consisted of the following:

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, construction in progress represents components to be used in the manufacturing of our satellites.

Depreciation expense of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is $2,171,873 and $217,107 of which $1,921,649 and $176,321 are included as components of cost of revenue, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company purchased assets of $7,474,836 and $7,208,200, respectively.

Note 7. Business Acquisition

On August 18, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Conveyance Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Exo-Space Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Exo-Space”), and certain shareholders thereof. The Purchase Agreement provided for the acquisition by the Company of substantially all of the assets of Exo-Space (the “Assets”) which includes the customer contracts and lists related to Exo-Space’s business of providing analytics services by (i) providing on-orbit data processing services, including satellite imaging intelligence services, and (ii) the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning technology and software used for the on-orbit processing of data (the “Business”) from Exo-Space. The purchase price for the Assets was approximately $468,000 in cash.

In addition, on August 18, 2023, the Company entered into a Sale of Business Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement with Exo-Space Inc. and each of Jeremy Allam (“Allam”), Mark Lorden (“Lorden”), Marcel Lariviere (“Lariviere”) and Tate Schaar (“Schaar” and collectively, with Allam, Lorden and Lariviere, the “Sellers”) pursuant to which the Sellers agreed to keep confidential certain information related to the Business and agreed to a five (5) year non-compete and non-solicitation.

On August 21, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed its acquisition of the Assets related to Exo-Space (the “Acquisition”). As part of the Acquisition, Jeremy Allam, Marcel Lariviere, Mark Lorden and Tate Schaar entered into employment agreements with the Company which granted non-statutory stock options to Jeremy Allam, Marcel Lariviere, Mark Lorden and Tate Schaar with respect to the following number of shares of the Company’s common stock:1,898,502 (Allam);949,251 (Lariviere);711,938 (Lorden) and 395,521 (Schaar). These option awards were made outside of the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and are made pursuant to the NASDAQ inducement grant exception in connection with such individuals’ commencement of employment with the Company which is August 21, 2023. The option awards have an exercise price of $0.16 which is equal to the fair market value of our stock on August 21, 2023, the date of grant of such options. The options have a five (5)-year term and shall vest in four (4) equal installments on each of the first four (4) anniversaries of the date of grant, in each case subject to the optionee continuing to provide services to the Company through the applicable vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing vesting conditions, no portion of the options shall be exercisable prior to the second (2 nd) anniversary of the date of grant. In the event that the applicable optionee resigns from employment for any reason prior to the second (2 nd) anniversary of the date of grant, the option will be immediately cancelled and terminated on the date of such resignation.

Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of the Acquisition was not material to our consolidated results of operations. Acquisition-related costs included legal fees of $220,632 and were expensed as incurred. The following table summarizes the amounts for the business acquisition which were allocated to the fair value of aggregated net assets acquired:

Note 8. Accounts payable and other current liabilities

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, accounts payable and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 accounts payable included $92,500 and $37,500 related to Q4 Board of Director compensation payments.

Note 9. Asset-based loan

The Company is party to a recourse loan and security agreement with an unrelated lender dated November 30, 2022, whereby the lender will provide loans secured by certain accounts receivable for up to 90% of the face amount, which is paid to the Company in the form of a cash advance. The Company has a revolving line of credit for $3 million with a collateralized loan interest rate of 16.2% annum and uncollateralized loan interest rate of 19.5% annum on outstanding balances. In 2024, the Company agreed to increase a revolving line of credit for $7 million. Additionally, in the event of default the Lender at its option can increase the loan interest rate by 5% per annum for each month or partial month default on outstanding balances. Under the loan and security agreement, the Company must pay back any invoices that become uncollectable. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company’s collateralized and uncollateralized asset-based loan balance was $6,902,636 and $2,587,900, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the costs and interest incurred by the Company in connection with the loan and security agreement activities were $542,501 and $155,716, respectively. As of January 31, 2025 the Company’s revolving line of credit was increased from $7 million to $10.5 million with same interest rates noted above for collateralized and uncollateralized loan interest rates. The Company used the increase in its revolving line of credit to pay off the approximately $3.2 million note payable with Decathlon.

Note 10. Contract assets and liabilities

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, contract assets and contract liabilities consisted of the following:

Note 11. Leases

Operating lease

We have a noncancelable operating lease entered in November 2016 for our warehouse space that expired in July 2021 and had renewal options to May 2024 The monthly “Base Rent” was $10,392 and the Base Rent was increased by 2.5% each year. In May 2023 the Company exercised its option and extended the lease to May 31, 2024.

In May 2021, we entered into a new lease agreement which included both our office and warehouse space that expired May 31, 2024. The Company had the option to terminate the lease after 12 months and 24 months from the commencement date. The office facility monthly “Base Rent” was $11,855 and the Base Rent was increased by 2.5% each year.

We have a new lease contract entered June 1, 2024 which includes both our office facility and warehouse space that expires May 31, 2025. The monthly “Base Rent” is $11,876 and $12,767.

We recognized total lease expense, primarily related to our operating leases, on a straight-line basis in accordance with ASC 842.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a refundable security deposit of $10,000 for its warehouse space and is included in other assets on the balance sheet.

The operating lease expense were as follows:

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases that have initial noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2024, were as follows:

Sublease

On August 1, 2021, the Company entered into a Sublease Agreement with its related party and a principal shareholder (“Sublandlord”), whereby the Company shall sublease certain offices, rooms and shared use of common spaces located at 150 Sykes Creek Parkway, Merritt Island, FL. The Lease is a month-to-month lease and may be terminated with 30 days’ notice to the Sublandlord. The monthly rent shall be $4,570 from inception through January 31, 2022, $4,707 from February 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023 and $4,847 from February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2024. On February 1, 2024, the Company extended the month-to-month Sublease agreement. The monthly rent shall be $4,618.03 from February 1, 2024 to January 31, 2025, $4,756.57 from February 1, 2025 to January 31,2026 and $4,899.27 from February 1, 2026 to January 31, 2027. A common area maintenance fee (CAM) will be charged in addition to the monthly rent. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $79,005 and $58,024 directly related to this short-term month to month lease to lease expenses.

Note 12. Notes Payable

Decathlon Note

On December 3, 2021, we entered into a Loan Assignment and Assumption Agreement, or Loan Assignment, with Decathlon Alpha IV, L.P., or Decathlon and Craig Technical Consulting, Inc (“CTC”) pursuant to which we assumed the Decathlon Note. In connection with our assumption of the Decathlon Note, CTC reduced the principal of the Note Payable – related party by $1.4 million for an aggregate principal balance of $2.6 million. The Company recorded a reclassification of $1,106,164 from Note Payable – related party to Note payable – non- current (Decathlon note) and recorded forgiveness of note payable – related party of $293,836. (See Note 12)

Management believes that the assumption of the Decathlon Note from CTC was in our best interests because in connection therewith, Decathlon released us from a cross-collateralization agreement it was a party to with CTC for a loan of a greater amount. Also in connection with the Loan Assignment on December 3, 2021, we entered into a Revenue Loan and Security Agreement, or RLSA, with Decathlon and our CEO, Carol Craig, pursuant to which we pay interest based on a minimum rate of one (1) times the amount advanced and make monthly payments based on a percentage of our revenue calculated as an amount equal to the product of (i) all revenue for the immediately preceding month multiplied by (ii) the Applicable Revenue Percentage, defined as 4% of revenue for payments due during any month. The Decathlon Note was amended November 16, 2023. The maturity date was extended from December 9, 2023 to December 9, 2024 and final payoff of indebtedness and release of security executed January 29, 2025. The monthly interest was converted to a fixed amount of $50,000 per month. The Decathlon Note is secured by our assets and is guaranteed by CTC and matures the earliest of: (i)December 9, 2024, (ii) immediately prior to a change of control, or (iii) upon an acceleration of the obligations due to a default under the RLSA. As a result, on December 31, 2021, the Company recorded the forgiveness of note payable-related party of $293,836 and the reclass of $1,106,164 from Note Payable – related party to Note Payable.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded interest expense of $1,192,481 and $721,119, respectively, which included an additional accrual estimate based on the principal and accrued but unpaid interest payment due when the note matures, and made payments of $150,000 and $252,983, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded principal amount and accrued interest of $3,059,767 and $2,017,286 on the balance sheet, respectively. On January 31, 2025 the Company fully paid off the principal amount and accrued but unpaid interest of approximately $3.2 million.

Note 13. Related Party Transactions

Revenue and Accounts Receivable

The Company recognized revenue of $798,942 and $952,220 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and accounts receivable of $641,376 and $67,447 and contract asset and contract liability of $46,953 and $43,173 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from contracts entered into by Craig Technical Consulting, Inc, a principal stockholder, and subcontracted to the Company for four customers.

Accounts Payable

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owed $581,243 and $677,039 to Craig Technical Consulting, Inc. Advances are unsecured, due on demand and non-bearing-interest.

Cost of Revenue and Operating expenses

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded cost of revenue to Craig Technical Consulting, Inc. of $712,669 and $654,605, and general and administrative expense of $93,476 and $24,363, respectively.

Professional Service Agreements

A Professional Services Agreement, effective November 15, 2021, was made, between the Company and Craig Technical Consulting, Inc. The period of performance for this Agreement was December 1, 2021, through November 30, 2022. The agreement was amended and the term of agreement was extended to June 30, 2025.

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded professional services of 160,221 and $106,057, respectively.

Sublease

On August 1, 2021, the Company entered into a Sublease Agreement with its related party and a principal shareholder (“Sublandlord”), whereby the Company shall sublease certain offices, rooms and shared use of common spaces located at 150 Sykes Creek Parkway, Merritt Island, FL. The Lease is a month-to-month lease and may be terminated with 30 days’ notice to the Sublandlord. The monthly rent shall be $4,570 from inception through January 31, 2022, $4,707 from February 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023 and $4,847 from February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2024. On February 1, 2024, the Company extended the month-to-month Sublease agreement. The monthly rent shall be $4,618.03 from February 1, 2024 to January 31, 2025, $4,756.57 from February 1, 2025 to January 31,2026 and $4,899.27 from February 1, 2026 to January 31, 2027. A common area maintenance fee (CAM) will be charged in addition to the monthly rent. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $79,005 and $58,024 directly related to this short-term month to month lease to lease expenses.

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that will have, individually or in aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.

License Agreement

The consolidated financial statements include Aurea Alas Limited, which is a variable interest entity of which we are the primary beneficiary (see Note 3). On August 18, 2020, Aurea entered into a license agreement with a third-party vendor (the “Vendor”), whereby they licensed the rights to use certain available radio frequency spectrum for satellite communications. The Company shall pay an annual Reservation Fee of $120,000 while the Company pursues up to four (4) NGSO satellite filing(s) via the Vendor. The Reservation Fee is levied on the date the filing(s) is received at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The Reservation Fee is payable annually at the anniversary of the date of receipt, as long as the customer retains the NGSO filing(s). The Reservation Fee payment continues to be payable until any of the frequency assignments of the NGSO filing(s) are brought into use. Upon the submission to the ITU to bring into use any of the frequency assignments of a given constellation, an annual License Fee of $120,000 shall be paid in lieu of the Reservation Fee. On February 1, 2021, the Vendor submitted the license filing to the ITU and on April 6, 2021, the ITU published the license filing for LIZZIE IOMSAT. Payments began in February 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 the Company recorded payments of $120,000 in Other General and Administrative expenses. These are eliminated upon consolidation.

Note 15. Stockholder’s Equity

Authorized Capital Stock

Effective July 3, 2023, the Company filed Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to amend for authorized capital stock to authorize the Company to issue 215,000,000 shares.

The Company has authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001.

The Company has authorized 210,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. The Class B Common Stock is entitled to 10 votes for every 1 vote of the Class A Common Stock.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On October 11, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to such investor, in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”), an aggregate of 2,000 shares of the Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share and stated value of $1,000 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) at an offering price of $1,000 per share. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $10.152 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Conversion Price (subject to certain exceptions). The Series A Preferred Stock (and the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Class A Common Stock”)) underlying the Series A Preferred Stock) were offered by the Company pursuant to its shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-273430), which was originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 26, 2023 and declared effective by the SEC on August 14, 2023. Concurrently with the sale of the Series A Preferred Stock, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in a concurrent private placement, for each share of Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock purchased by the investor, such investor received from the Company an unregistered warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”). Each Warrant will be exercisable for one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.152 per share, will be exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will have a term of five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Class A Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Class A Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable exercise price (subject to certain exceptions).

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,372 and 1,628 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock and a related dividend of $27,374 and $166,483 were converted into 106,748 and 176,791 shares of Class A common stock, respectively.

The Company had 0 and 372 shares of Series A Convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Class A Common Stock

The Company had 15,956,816 and 983,173 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fiscal year 2024

On January 29, 2024, the Company closed a public offering of an aggregate of 1,181,900 shares of Class A Common Stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 69,900 shares of Class A Common Stock in lieu of Shares, which were sold pursuant to that certain Underwriting Agreement, dated January 29, 2024, by and between the Company and the Representative of the Underwriters. Gross proceeds from the offering were $5,632,650 and net proceeds after underwriter discount, various fees and expenses was $5,008,259.

On February 29, 2024, the Company closed a public offering of an aggregate of 1,321,000 shares (the “Shares”) of Class A Common Stock, which were sold pursuant to that certain Underwriting Agreement, dated February 29, 2024, by and between the Company and the Representative of the Underwriters. Gross proceeds from the offering were $7,926,000 and net proceeds after underwriter discount, various fees and expenses was $7,102,527.

On November 14, 2024, the Company completed a public offering of 4,520,000 shares of our Class A common stock at a public offering price of $1.25 per share, and Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to 1,080,000 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $1.249 per pre-funded warrant, for which we received approximately $6.1 million of net proceeds. Pre-funded warrants were exercised fully. In addition, the Company issued 332,700 shares pursuant to it over-allotment option.

On December 17, 2024, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements (the “Purchase Agreement”) for the issuance and sale in a private placement of (i)5,657,090 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 1,162,802 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and (iii) warrants to purchase up to 3,409,946 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at a purchase price of $2.25 per share of Common Stock and accompanying warrants. The Common Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance at an exercise price of $2.25 per share and have a term of exercise equal to five and one-half years from the date of issuance. Pre-funded warrants were still outstanding as of December 31, 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2024,372 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock and a related dividend of $58,941 were converted into 106,748 shares of Class A common stock.

During the year ended December 31, 2024,686,735 shares of Class A common stock were issued for exercise of warrants. Gross proceeds from the exercise of the warrants were $1,966,539.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 17,671 shares for employee compensation, valued at $25,270.

Fiscal year 2023

On January 30, 2023, the Company offered an aggregate of up to 26,400 shares of our Class A common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 123,600 shares of Class A common stock. In addition, the company issued 22,500 prefunded warrants to cover over-allotments. All pre-funded warrants were exercised and total issued stock in this offering was 172,500 aggregate shares of Class A common stock. The purchase price for each share of Class A common stock was $30.0. Warrants equal to 4% of the number of securities issued by the Company in the offering were issued to the underwriter at an exercise price of 125% of the offering price per share. Gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $5.2 million, and net proceeds of approximately $4.6 million after underwriter expenses.

On April 20, 2023, the Company sold an aggregate of 85,720 shares of our Class A Common Stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 217,310 shares of Class A Common Stock and warrants to purchase up to 303,030 shares of Class A Common Stock. In addition, the Company sold 37,880 shares of Class A Common Stock and 37,880 of accompanying warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the partial exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. The purchase price for each share of Class A Common Stock and accompanying warrant was $33.0. Warrants equal to 3% of the number of securities issued by the Company in the offering at an exercise price of 125% of the offering price per share was issued to the underwriter. Gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $11.2 million, and net proceeds of approximately $10.2 million after underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

During the year ended December 31, 2023,166,530 Class A Common Stock were issued upon cashless exercise of warrants and 363,410 Class A Common Stock were issued upon exercise of pre-funded warrants of $3,634.

Class B Common Sock

The Company had 100,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Warrants

January 2023 offering

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 146,100 pre-funded warrants exercisable for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $30.0 in connection with the common stock sold in January 2023. These warrants were fully exercised into Class A Common stock as part of the offering previously described. In addition, the Company issued a total of 6,901 underwriter warrants exercisable 180 days after the January 30, 2023 date of the offering agreement, for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $37.5 in connection with the common stock sold. The Company recognized the value of 6,901 underwriter warrants of $566,229 as finance expense for compensation of services.

April 2023 offering

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 217,310 pre-funded warrants and 340,910 warrants exercisable for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $33.0 in connection with the common stock sold in April 2023. During the second and third quarters of 2023, a total of 217,310 pre-funded warrants and 333,049 warrants were exercised into Class A Common stock. In addition, the Company issued a total of 10,228 underwriter warrants exercisable 180 days after the April 20,2023 date of the offering agreement, for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $41.25 in connection with the common stock sold. The Company recognized the value of 10,228 underwriter warrants of $240,525 as finance expense for compensation of services.

October 2023 offering

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 197,006 warrants exercisable for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $10.152 in connection with the Series A Convertible Preferred stock sold in October 2023. In addition, the Company issued a total of 11,820 underwriter warrants exercisable any time after the October 11, 2023 date of the offering for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $12.69 in connection with the common stock sold. The Company recognized the value of 11,820 underwriter warrants of $111,094 as finance expense for compensation of services.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 200 warrants exercisable for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $100 to a prior employee.

January 2024 offering

The Company issued a total of 69,900 pre-funded warrants exercisable for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $4.50 in connection with the common stock sold in January 2024. These warrants were fully exercised into Class A Common stock as part of the offering previously described. In addition, the Company issued a total of 62,585 underwriter warrants exercisable 180 days after the January 29, 2024 date of the underwriting agreement, for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $5.625 in connection with the common stock sold. The Company recognized the value of 62,585 underwriter warrants of $528,818 as direct incremental costs of the offering and recorded as a reduction of additional paid in capital.

February 2024 offering

The Company issued a total of 66,050 underwriter warrants exercisable 180 days after the February 29, 2024 date of the offering agreement, for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $7.50 in connection with the common stock sold. The Company recognized the value of 66,050 underwriter warrants of $576,061 as direct incremental costs of the offering and recorded as a reduction of additional paid in capital.

November 2024 offering

The Company issued a total of 296,635 underwriter warrants exercisable 180 days after the November 14, 2024 date of the offering agreement, for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $1.56 in connection with the common stock sold. The Company recognized the value of 296,635 underwriter warrants of $361,636 as direct incremental costs of the offering and recorded as a reduction of additional paid in capital.

December 2024 offering

The Company issued pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 1,162,802 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and warrants to purchase up to 3,409,946 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at a purchase price of $2.25 per share of Common Stock and accompanying warrants. The Common Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance at an exercise price of $2.25 per share and have a term of exercise equal to five and one-half years from the date of issuance. In addition, the Company issued a total of 340,995 underwriter warrants exercisable 180 days after the December 18, 2024 date of the offering agreement, for a period offive years at an exercise price per share of $2.25 in connection with the common stock sold. The Company recognized the value of 340,995 underwriter warrants of $1,881,092 as direct incremental costs of the offering and recorded as a reduction of additional paid in capital.

The Company concluded that the warrants met the requirements to be classified in stockholders’ equity. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes model to value its warrants. The Company utilized the following assumptions:

A summary of activity of the warrants during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 as follows:

The intrinsic value of the warrants as of December 31, 2024 is $14,107,379.

Stock Options

On August 21, 2023, the Company granted 39,552 options with an exercise price of $16.0, with a term of five (5) years to exercise from the grant date, to employees of the Company. Options issued vest at 25% of shares subject to the option on each anniversary date, on August 21, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027.

In October 2023, the Company granted 200 options with an exercise price of $100.0, with a term of five (5) years to exercise from the grant date, to an employee of the Company under separation agreement. Options vest at grant date.

On February 6, 2024, the Company granted 25,000 options with an exercise price of $4.12, with a term of five (5) years to exercise from the grant date to employees of the Company. Options issued vest at 33% of shares subject to the option on each anniversary date, on February 6, 2025, 2026 and 2027.

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes model to value its stock options. The Company utilized the following assumptions:

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 25,000 and 39,752 options valued at $95,325 and $583,580, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock option expense of $174,736 and $49,688, respectively, and as of December 31, 2024, $454,483 remains unamortized. The intrinsic value of the 64,752 options outstanding as of December 31 2024, is $17,000.

A summary of activity of the stock options during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, is as follows:

Note 16. Income tax

The Company has not made a provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, since the Company has the benefit of net operating losses in these periods and the Company changed from a limited liability partnership to a C corporation during 2021.

Due to uncertainties surrounding the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income to realize deferred income tax assets arising as a result of net operating losses carried forward, the Company has not recorded any deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2024. The Company has incurred a net operating loss of $17,707,422. The net operating loss carry forwards can offset 80 percent of future taxable income and carryforward indefinitely as determined by respective tax regulating authorities. The Company’s net operating loss carry forwards may be subject to annual limitations, which could eliminate, reduce or defer the utilization of the losses because of an ownership change as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code U.S. federal tax returns are closed by statute for years through 2014. The status of state and non-U.S. tax examinations varies due to the numerous legal entities and jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

A reconciliation between expected income taxes, computed at the federal income tax rate of 21% applied to the pretax accounting loss, and our blended state income tax rate of 5.5% in 2024 and 2023, and the income tax net expense included in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Net deferred tax assets consist of the following components as of:

**Note 17. Segment **

The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis. The CODM uses consolidated operating margin and net income to assess financial performance and allocate resources. These financial metrics are used by the CODM to make key operating decisions, such as the determination of the rate at which the Company seeks to grow global operating margin and the allocation of budget between cost of revenues, sales and marketing, technology and development, and general and administrative expenses.

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Note 18. Subsequent events

Subsequent to December 31, 2024, the Company issued a total of 2,247,667 shares of Class A common stock.1,068,332 shares were from warrants exercised at an exercise price of $2.25 per share from the Company’s December 2024 offering.1,162,802 shares were from prefunded warrants exercised, also related to the Company’s December 2024 offering, The remaining 16,533 shares related to vested Officer and Director equity compensation issued in the form of Class A common stock.