LivaNova PLC

LIVANOVA PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES’

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Note 1. Nature of Operations

Description of the Business

LivaNova PLC is a market-leading global medical technology company. The Company designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells products, therapies, and services that are consistent with LivaNova’s mission to “create ingenious medical solutions that ignite patient turnarounds.” LivaNova is a public limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales and is headquartered in London, England. LivaNova’s ordinary shares are listed for trading on the Nasdaq under the symbol “LIVN.”

Business Segments

For the periods presented herein, LivaNova was comprised oftwo reportable segments: Cardiopulmonary and Neuromodulation.

Cybersecurity Incident

As previously disclosed, in November 2023, LivaNova detected a cybersecurity incident that resulted in a disruption of portions of the Company’s IT systems. As a result, the Company engaged external cybersecurity experts, coordinated with law enforcement, implemented remediation measures, and notified affected individuals and regulators as required by applicable law. The incident was contained, and the Company’s mitigation efforts are considered complete. For further discussion on related legal and regulatory matters, refer to “Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies.”

Through December 31, 2025, LivaNova incurred direct costs totaling $13.1 million in connection with this cybersecurity incident, including $1.5 million, $9.0 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The total direct costs incurred primarily include external cybersecurity expert and legal fees, system restoration costs, and $1.2 million related to a class action settlement, and do not include business interruption losses. The Company may incur additional costs related to this incident in the future.

LivaNova maintains insurance, including cyber insurance, which is subject to certain retentions and policy limitations that will likely limit the amount that the insurers may reimburse the Company. LivaNova has filed claims for insurance reimbursement of direct costs and business interruption losses and, as of December 31, 2025, the reimbursement process is substantially complete. Through December 31, 2025, LivaNova has received $10.7 million of insurance reimbursements, including $6.8 million in reimbursement of direct costs and $3.9 million inreimbursement of business interruption losses. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, LivaNova received $1.7 million and $5.1 million, respectively, in reimbursement of direct costs. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, LivaNova received $0.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively, in reimbursement of business interruption losses. LivaNova will submit additional claims for reimbursement if incremental costs are incurred. The Company’s insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all costs and expenses related to this cybersecurity incident or may be unavailable to cover all costs and expenses related to this cybersecurity incident.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation, Use of Accounting Estimates, and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of LivaNova have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements for LivaNova include LivaNova’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and the Trust. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of LivaNova’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in such financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that LivaNova may undertake in the future. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, valuation and amortization of intangible assets; goodwill, other long-lived assets (asset group); measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities; uncertain income tax positions; contingent consideration arrangements; derivative assets and liabilities; legal and other contingencies; share-based compensation; obsolete and slow-moving inventories; models, such as an impairment analysis; and, in general, allocations to provisions and the fair value of assets and liabilities recorded in a business combination. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

During the second quarter of 2025, the Company identified and corrected an immaterial error related to the classification of certain employee costs in the Cardiopulmonary segment between cost of sales and selling, general, and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income (loss). This misclassification understated cost of sales and overstated selling, general, and administrative expense by equal and offsetting amounts, with no impact to operating income (loss) or net (loss) income for annual and interim periods for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2025. The Company evaluated the error and determined that the related impact was not material to the consolidated statements of income (loss) for any prior period and had no impact on the consolidated balance sheets, statements of comprehensive income (loss), statements of cash flows, or statements of shareholders’ equity for any of the above periods. The Company has revised the previously issued consolidated statements of income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 to correct for the error, and these revisions are reflected in these financial statements. A summary of the corrections to the impacted financial statement line items in the previously issued consolidated statements of income (loss) and disaggregated Cardiopulmonary segment income disclosure for each affected period is presented in “Note 20. Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements.”

Reclassifications

The Company has reclassified certain prior period amounts on the consolidated statements of cash flows for comparative purposes.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

LivaNova considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, consisting of demand deposit accounts and money market mutual funds, to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at cost, which approximates their fair value.

Restricted Cash

The Company classifies cash that is not available for use in its operations as restricted cash within current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025, LivaNova did not have a restricted cash balance. As of December 31, 2024, LivaNova’s restricted cash balance was comprised of cash deposits with Barclays held as collateral for the SNIA Litigation Guarantee. As security for the SNIA Litigation Guarantee, LivaNova was required to grant cash collateral to Barclays in USD in an amount equal to the USD equivalent of 105% of the amount of the SNIA Litigation Guarantee calibrated on a biweekly basis. On March 31, 2025, as a result of the decision by the Italian Supreme Court, the SNIA Litigation Guarantee was terminated, and the restriction on the cash deposit held as collateral was released. For additional information regarding the SNIA litigation, refer to “Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies.”

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consists of trade receivables from direct customers and distributors. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses based on its estimates of the ability of customers to make required payments, historical credit experience, existing economic conditions, and expected future trends. LivaNova writes off uncollectible accounts against the allowance when all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted.

Inventories

LivaNova states its inventories at the lower of cost, using the first-in-first-out method, or net realizable value. The Company’s calculation of cost includes the acquisition cost of raw materials and components, direct labor, and overhead, including depreciation of manufacturing related assets. LivaNova reduces the carrying value of inventories for those items that are potentially excess, obsolete, or slow moving based on changes in customer demand, technology developments, or other economic factors.

PP&E

PP&E is carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged to expense as incurred, while significant renewals and improvements are capitalized. LivaNova computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the asset’s estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the following terms: the useful life of the asset or a term that includes required lease periods and renewals that are deemed to be reasonably assured on the date the leasehold improvements are purchased. Capital improvements to buildings are added as building components and are depreciated over the useful life of the improvement or the building, whichever is less.

The Company capitalizes direct development costs for internal-use software once the preliminary project stage is complete, management has authorized funding, and it is probable the software will be completed and placed in service. Capitalization ceases when the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, beginning when the software is available for use.

Goodwill

LivaNova allocates the amounts the Company pays for an acquisition to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair values at the date of acquisition, including property, plant, and equipment; inventories; accounts receivable; long-term debt; and identifiable intangible assets which either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. The Company bases the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination, including IPR&D, on valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management, which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. LivaNova allocates any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired to goodwill. Transaction costs associated with these acquisitions are expensed as incurred and are reported in SG&A on the consolidated statements of income (loss). LivaNova recognizes adjustments to the provisional amounts identified during the measurement period with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts is recorded in the same period’s consolidated financial statements, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date.

Intangible Assets, Other Than Goodwill

Intangible assets shown on the consolidated balance sheets consist of finite-lived and indefinite-lived assets expected to generate future economic benefits and are recorded at their respective fair values as of their acquisition date. Finite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of developed technology and technical capabilities, including patents, related know-how, and licensed patent rights, as well as trade names and customer relationships. Customer relationships consist of relationships with hospitals and surgeons in the countries where LivaNova operates. Indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill are composed of IPR&D assets acquired in acquisitions. LivaNova amortizes its finite-lived intangible assets over the assets’ useful lives using the straight-line method. Estimating the useful lives of intangible assets requires LivaNova to apply significant judgment.

Amortization expense is included in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss) within cost of sales or SG&A based on the nature of the underlying intangible asset. LivaNova evaluates its intangible assets each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances indicate either a different useful life or impairment. If LivaNova changes its estimate of the useful life of an asset, the Company amortizes the carrying amount over the revised remaining useful life.

Impairments of Long-lived Assets and Goodwill

Long-lived Assets Impairment

Assets Held and Used

LivaNova evaluates the carrying value of its long-lived assets and investments for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Such changes in circumstance may include, among other items, (i) an expectation of a sale, discontinuation, or disposal of a long-lived asset or asset group; (ii) adverse changes in market or competitive conditions; (iii) an adverse change in legal factors or business climate in the markets in which LivaNova operates; and (iv) operating or cash flow losses.

For PP&E and intangible assets used in LivaNova’s operations, recoverability generally is determined by comparing the carrying value of an asset or group of assets to the expected undiscounted future cash flows. If the carrying value of an asset, or group of assets is not recoverable, the amount of impairment loss is measured as the difference between the carrying value of the asset or group of assets and its estimated fair value. The asset grouping as well as the determination of expected undiscounted cash flow amounts requires significant judgments, estimates, and assumptions, including with regard to cash flows generated upon disposition. LivaNova measures fair value as the price that would be received if the Company were to sell the assets in an orderly transaction. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their financial statement carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

LivaNova conducts impairment testing of its indefinite-lived intangible assets on October 1st each year. LivaNova tests indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized when the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value.

Goodwill Impairment

LivaNova conducts impairment testing of its goodwill on October 1st each year. Testing is performed at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or a component of an operating segment that constitutes a business for which financial information is available and is regularly viewed by management. LivaNova’s operating segments are deemed to be its reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing. LivaNova tests goodwill for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

If LivaNova determines that goodwill is more likely impaired than not, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Fair value refers to the price that would be received if LivaNova were to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction. Fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow model and requires various assumptions, including discount rates. If the carrying amount of the Company’s reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, up to and including the carrying amount of the goodwill.

If the aggregate fair value of LivaNova’s reporting units exceeds its market capitalization, the Company evaluates the reasonableness of the implied control premium, which includes a comparison to implied control premiums from recent market transactions within its industry or other relevant benchmark data.

Goodwill impairment evaluations are highly subjective. In most instances, such evaluations involve expectations of future cash flows that reflect LivaNova’s judgments and assumptions regarding future industry conditions and operations. The estimates, judgments, and assumptions used in the application of LivaNova’s goodwill impairment policies reflect both historical experience and an assessment of current operational, industry, market, economic, and political environments. The use of different estimates, judgments, assumptions, and expectations regarding future industry and market conditions and operations could result in materially different asset carrying values and operating results.

Quantitative factors used to determine the fair value of the reporting units reflect LivaNova’s best estimates, which the Company believes are reasonable. Future declines in the reporting units’ operating performance or LivaNova’s anticipated business outlook may reduce the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units and result in an impairment in the future. Factors that could have a negative impact on the fair value of the reporting units include, but are not limited to:

•Decreases in revenue as a result of the inability of LivaNova’s sales force to effectively market and promote the Company’s products;

•Increased competition, patent expirations, or new technologies or treatments commercialized by competitors;

•Higher operating costs required to sustain the business;

•The outcome of litigation, legal proceedings, investigations, or other claims resulting in significant cash outflows; and

•Increases in the market-participant risk-adjusted weighted-average cost of capital.

Derivatives and Risk Management

Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and are classified as short-term or long-term based on the scheduled maturity of the instrument. At the inception of the contract, the derivative is designated as either a freestanding derivative or a hedge. Derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments are referred to as freestanding derivatives, with changes in fair value included in earnings.

If the derivative qualifies for hedge accounting, depending on the nature of the hedge and hedge effectiveness, changes in the fair value of the derivative will either be recognized immediately in earnings or recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The changes in the fair value of the derivative are intended to offset the change in fair value of the hedged asset, liability, or probable commitment.

Cash flows from hedging and economic hedges are reported as operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Cash flows for embedded and capped call derivatives are reported as financing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Fair Value Measurements

LivaNova follows the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures with respect to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis. Under this guidance, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The authoritative guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability, based on market data obtained from sources independent of LivaNova. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect LivaNova’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The categorization of financial assets and financial liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels defined as follows:

•Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 - Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

•Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability.

LivaNova’s financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 2 include derivative instruments, primarily forward and option currency contracts, which are valued using standard calculations and models that use readily observable market data as their basis.

LivaNova’s financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 include contingent consideration liability arrangements and embedded and capped call derivative instruments.

Contingent consideration liabilities result from acquisition agreements that include potential future payment of consideration that is contingent upon the achievement of performance milestones and/or sales-based earnouts. Contingent consideration is recognized at fair value at the date of acquisition based on the consideration expected to be transferred and estimated as the probability of future cash flows, discounted to present value in accordance with accepted valuation methodologies. The discount rate used is determined at the time of measurement. Contingent consideration is remeasured each reporting period with the change in fair value, including accretion for the passage of time, recorded in earnings. The change in fair value of contingent consideration based on the achievement of regulatory milestones is recorded as research and development expense while the change in fair value of sales-based earnout contingent consideration is recorded as cost of sales. Contingent consideration payments made soon after the acquisition date are classified as an investing activity. Contingent consideration payments that are not made soon after the acquisition date are classified as a financing activity up to the amount of the contingent consideration liability recognized at the acquisition date, with any excess classified as an operating activity. For additional information on LivaNova’s Level 3 contingent consideration liability arrangements, refer to “Note 8. Fair Value Measurements.” For additional information on LivaNova’s Level 3 derivative and embedded derivative instruments, refer to “Note 8. Fair Value Measurements” and “Note 9. Financing Arrangements.”

Investments

LivaNova’s investments on the consolidated balance sheets comprise equity and debt securities of companies in various stages of development.

Equity method investments represent investments in affiliates in which the Company has significant influence, but does not control, and that do not have a readily determinable fair value. LivaNova’s share of net income or loss is reflected as one line item on the Company’s consolidated statements of income (loss) under loss from equity method investments and will increase or decrease, as applicable, the carrying value of the Company’s equity method investment reported under investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

Investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values and are not accounted for under the equity method are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value included in foreign exchange and other income/(expense) on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

Investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values and are not accounted for under the equity method are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or a similar investment of the same issuer and are included within foreign exchange and other income/(expense) on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

Available-for-sale debt securities are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value included in AOCI and realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities included in foreign exchange and other income/(expense) on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

LivaNova regularly reviews its investments for changes in circumstance or the occurrence of events that suggest its investments may not be recoverable, and if an impairment is considered to be other than temporary, the loss is recognized on the consolidated statements of income (loss) in the period the determination is made.

Warranty Obligation

LivaNova offers a warranty on various products. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under warranties and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the product is sold. The amount of the reserve recorded is equal to the estimated net costs to repair or otherwise satisfy the claim. LivaNova includes the warranty obligation in accrued liabilities and other on the consolidated balance sheets. Warranty expense is recorded to cost of sales in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss).

Retirement Benefit Plan Assumptions

LivaNova sponsors various retirement benefit plans, including defined benefit pension plans (pension benefits), defined contribution savings plans, and termination indemnity plans, covering substantially all U.S. employees and employees outside the U.S. Pension benefit costs include assumptions for the discount rate, retirement age, compensation rate increases, and the expected return on plan assets.

Product Liability Accruals

Accruals for product liability claims are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated based on existing information. Accruals for product liability claims are adjusted periodically as additional information becomes available.

Revenue Recognition

Refer to “Note 3. Revenue Recognition.”

Research and Development

All R&D costs are expensed as incurred. R&D includes costs of basic research activities as well as engineering and technical effort required to develop a new product or make significant improvements to an existing product or manufacturing process. R&D costs also include regulatory and clinical study expenses, including post-market clinical studies.

Leases

LivaNova determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at its inception. For operating leases with a term greater than 12 months, LivaNova recognizes operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date. LivaNova does not record an operating lease asset and corresponding liability for leases with terms of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes the lease payments for such short-term leases within profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments, such as common area rent, maintenance charges, and rent escalations not known upon lease commencement, are not included in the determination of the minimum lease payments and are expensed in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Operating lease assets also includes any lease payments made in advance and excludes lease incentives. LivaNova’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As most of LivaNova’s leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, LivaNova uses its IBR based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. LivaNova’s IBR represents an estimate of the interest rate the Company would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the lease term within a particular currency environment.

Additionally, LivaNova monitors for events or changes in circumstances that may require a reassessment of the Company’s leases to determine whether a remeasurement is required. For additional information, refer to “Note 10. Leases.”

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Awards

LivaNova may grant share-based awards to directors, officers, and key employees. The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair market value of the award. LivaNova recognizes equity-based compensation expense ratably over the period that services are provided in exchange for the entire award (all vesting periods). LivaNova issues treasury shares for vesting of RSUs and the exercise of SARs and new shares upon stock option exercises. The Company has the right to elect to pay the cash value of vested RSUs in lieu of the issuance of new shares.

SARs

LivaNova may grant SARs that confer upon the grantee the contractual right to receive an amount of cash, shares, or a combination of both, that equals the appreciation in the Company’s shares from the award’s grant date to the exercise date. SARs may be exercised at the grantee’s discretion during the exercise period and do not give the grantee an ownership right in the underlying shares. SARs do not involve payment of an exercise price. LivaNova uses the Black-Scholes option pricing methodology to calculate the grant date fair market value of SARs and compensation is expensed ratably over the service period. The Company determines the expected volatility of the awards based on historical volatility. Calculation of compensation for SARs requires the Company to estimate historical volatility and forfeiture rates.

Service-Based RSUs

LivaNova may grant service-based RSUs at no purchase cost to the grantee. The grantees of unvested units have no voting rights or rights to dividends, and sale or transfer of the units is restricted until they are vested. The fair market value of service-based RSUs is determined using the market closing price on the grant date, and compensation is expensed ratably over the service period. Calculation of compensation for RSUs requires the Company to estimate forfeiture rates.

Market Performance-Based RSUs

LivaNova may grant market performance-based RSUs at no purchase cost to the grantee. The grantees of unvested units have no voting rights or rights to dividends and sale or transfer of the units is restricted until they are vested. The number of shares that are ultimately transferred to the grantee is dependent upon the Company’s percentile rank of total shareholder return relative to a peer group. The fair market value of market performance-based RSUs is determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation on the grant date and compensation is then expensed ratably over the service period. Calculation of compensation for market performance-based RSUs requires the Company to estimate historical volatility and forfeiture rates.

Operating Performance-Based RSUs

LivaNova may grant operating performance-based RSUs at no purchase cost to the grantee. The grantees of unvested units have no voting rights or rights to dividends and sale or transfer of the units is restricted until they are vested. The number of shares that are ultimately transferred to the grantee is dependent upon the Company’s percent achievement of certain targets for cumulative adjusted free cash flow and adjusted return on invested capital. The fair market value of operating performance-based RSUs is determined using the market closing price on the grant date. Compensation is expensed ratably over the service period and is adjusted based upon the estimated and actual percentage achievement of the related financial metrics as compared to target.

Income Taxes

LivaNova is a UK corporation and operates through the Company’s various subsidiaries in a number of countries throughout the world. LivaNova’s provision for income taxes is based on the tax laws and rates applicable in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates and earns income. LivaNova uses significant judgment and estimates in accounting for its income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the anticipated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of LivaNova’s assets and liabilities, which are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

LivaNova periodically assesses the recoverability of its deferred tax assets by considering whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the actual benefit of those assets will be realized. To the extent that realization does not meet the “more-likely-than-not” criterion, the Company establishes a valuation allowance. LivaNova periodically reviews the adequacy and necessity of the valuation allowance by considering significant positive and negative evidence relative to its ability to recover deferred tax assets and to determine the timing and amount of valuation allowance that should be released. This evidence includes: profitability in the most recent quarters; internal profitability forecasts for the current and next two future years; the amount of deferred tax asset relative to estimated profitability; the potential effects on future profitability from increasing competition, healthcare reforms, and overall economic conditions; limitations and potential limitations on the use of LivaNova’s net operating losses due to ownership changes, pursuant to IRC Section 382; and the implementation of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, if any.

LivaNova files federal and local tax returns in many jurisdictions throughout the world and is subject to income tax examinations for its fiscal year 2020 and subsequent years, with certain exceptions. While LivaNova believes that its tax return positions are fully supported, tax authorities may disagree with certain positions the Company has taken and assess additional taxes, and as a result, LivaNova may establish reserves for uncertain tax positions, which require a significant degree of management judgment. LivaNova regularly assesses the likely outcomes of its tax positions in order to determine the appropriateness of the Company’s reserves; however, the actual outcome of an audit can be significantly different from LivaNova’s expectations, which could have a material impact on the Company’s tax provision. LivaNova’s tax positions are evaluated for recognition using a more-likely-than-not threshold. Uncertain tax positions requiring recognition are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon effective settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Some of the reasons a reserve for an uncertain tax benefit may be reversed are: completion of a tax audit; a change in applicable tax law, including a tax case or legislative guidance; or an expiration of the statute of limitations. LivaNova recognizes interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits and records interest in interest expense, and penalties in SG&A, in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss).

Foreign Currency

LivaNova’s reporting currency is the USD; however, a portion of the revenues earned and expenses incurred by certain of LivaNova’s subsidiaries are denominated in currencies other than the USD. LivaNova determines the functional currency of its subsidiaries that exist and operate in different economic and currency environments based on the primary economic environment in which the subsidiary operates, that is, the currency of the environment in which an entity primarily generates and expends cash. LivaNova’s significant foreign subsidiaries are located in Europe and the United States. The functional currency of LivaNova’s significant European subsidiaries is the Euro, and the functional currency of LivaNova’s significant U.S. subsidiaries is the USD.

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the USD are translated into USD based on a combination of both current and historical exchange rates, while their revenues earned, and expenses incurred are translated into USD at average period exchange rates. Translation adjustments are included in AOCI in LivaNova’s consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency different from an entity’s functional currency are included in foreign exchange and other income/(expense) in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss). Taxes are not provided on cumulative translation adjustments as substantially all translation adjustments are related to earnings which are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in the countries where earned.

Contingencies

LivaNova is subject to product liability claims, environmental obligations, government investigations, and other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Legal fees and other expenses related to litigation are expensed as incurred and included in SG&A in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss). Contingent liabilities are recorded when LivaNova determines that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. Due to the fact that legal proceedings and other contingencies are inherently unpredictable, LivaNova’s assessments involve significant judgment regarding future events.

Note 3. Revenue Recognition

LivaNova generates revenue through contracts with customers consisting primarily of hospitals, healthcare institutions, and distributors. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in customer contracts and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company measures the consideration based upon the estimated amount to be received. The amount of consideration LivaNova ultimately receives varies depending upon the return terms, sales rebates, discounts, and other incentives the Company may offer, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize.

LivaNova has historically experienced a low rate of product returns, and the total value of product returns has not been significant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

LivaNova recognizes revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or providing service to a customer. Some of LivaNova’s contracts include the purchase of multiple products and/or services. In such cases, LivaNova allocates the transaction price based upon the relative estimated standalone selling price of each product and/or service sold. LivaNova records state and local sales taxes net; that is, the Company excludes sales tax from revenue. Typically, LivaNova’s contracts do not have a significant financing component.

LivaNova incurs incremental commission fees paid to the sales force associated with the sale of products. LivaNova applies the practical expedient within ASC 606-10-50-22 and has elected to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset the entity would otherwise recognize is one year or less. As a result, no commissions have been capitalized as contract costs since adoption of ASC 606. The following is a description of the principal activities (separated by reportable segments) from which LivaNova generates its revenue. For more detailed information about LivaNova’s reportable segments, including disaggregated revenue results by major product line and primary geographic markets, see “Note 17. Geographic and Segment Information.”

Cardiopulmonary Products and Services

Cardiopulmonary products include HLMs, oxygenators, autotransfusion systems, perfusion tubing systems, cannulae, and other related accessories.

Cardiopulmonary products may include performance obligations associated with assembly and installation of equipment. Accordingly, LivaNova allocates a portion of the sales prices to installation obligations and recognizes that revenue when the service is provided. LivaNova recognizes revenue for equipment and accessory product sales when control of the equipment or product passes to the customer.

Technical services include installation, repair, and maintenance of cardiopulmonary equipment under service contracts or upon customer request. Technical service agreements generally provide for upfront payments in advance of rendering services or periodic billing over the contract term. Amounts billed in advance are deferred and recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. Technical services are not a significant component of Cardiopulmonary revenue and are presented with the related equipment and accessories revenue.

Neuromodulation Products

Neuromodulation products are comprised of neuromodulation therapy systems for the treatment of DRE and DTD. LivaNova’s Neuromodulation product line includes the VNS Therapy System, which consists of an implantable pulse generator, a lead that connects the generator to the vagus nerve, and other accessories. LivaNova recognizes revenue for Neuromodulation product sales when control passes to the customer.

Contract Balances

Due to the nature of LivaNova’s products and services, revenue producing activities may result in contract assets and contract liabilities. These activities relate primarily to Cardiopulmonary technical services contracts for short-term and multi-year service agreements. Contract assets are primarily comprised of unbilled revenues, which occur when a performance obligation has been completed, but not billed to the customer. Contract liabilities are made up of deferred revenue, which occurs when a customer pays for a service before a performance obligation has been completed. Contract assets are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets and were insignificant as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, contract liabilities of $17.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively, were included within accrued liabilities and other and other long-term liabilities in LivaNova’s consolidated balance sheets.

Note 4. Restructuring

From time to time, LivaNova initiates restructuring plans to leverage economies of scale, streamline distribution and logistics, and strengthen operational and administrative effectiveness to reduce overall costs.

On January 5, 2024, LivaNova’s Board of Directors approved the 2024 Restructuring Plan to enhance the Company’s focus on its core Cardiopulmonary and Neuromodulation segments. The main component of the 2024 Restructuring Plan was to wind down the ACS segment, which was substantially completed in 2024. LivaNova recognized restructuring expense under the 2024 Restructuring Plan of $0.1 million in other operating expense, and $12.6 million for inventory obsolescence in cost of sales on its consolidated statements of income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that the carrying amounts associated with the ACS segment, including the long-lived assets (asset group), may not be recoverable. This was determined to be a triggering event occurring in the fourth quarter of 2023 requiring an impairment assessment, based on certain factors, including the results of an updated long-term financial outlook for the ACS segment.

As such, LivaNova recorded impairments of the following long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2023, included within impairment of long-lived assets on its consolidated statements of income (loss) (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2025, the 2024 Restructuring Plan was complete. LivaNova incurred pre-tax restructuring charges of $13.2 million related to this plan, primarily comprised of severance expenses and retention bonuses. Minimal residual activities and expenses are expected, though estimates remain subject to change.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the accruals and other reserves recorded in connection with LivaNova’s restructuring plans included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other on the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

The following table presents restructuring expense by reportable segment (in thousands):

(1)“Other” primarily includes restructuring expense not allocated to segments.

Note 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents LivaNova’s finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets (in thousands):

The following table presents estimated future amortization expense based on LivaNova’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

In connection with the 2024 Restructuring Plan, as previously discussed in “Note 4. Restructuring,” LivaNova recorded impairments of the ACS developed technology and trade names intangible assets of $78.1 million and $7.1 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included within impairment of long-lived assets on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

Goodwill

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

LivaNova performed a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment for its Cardiopulmonary and Neuromodulation reporting units as of October 1, 2025. The assessment was performed using management’s current estimate of future cash flows and discount rates to present value. LivaNova concluded that the fair value of its Cardiopulmonary and Neuromodulation reporting units exceeded the carrying value of the respective reporting units and were, therefore, not impaired on the October 1, 2025 test date.

Note 6. Investments

The following table presents the carrying value of LivaNova’s investments:

(1)On October 10, 2024, Ceribell, Inc. (Nasdaq: CBLL) announced its initial public offering and began trading on October 11, 2024. Per the amended Articles of Incorporation, LivaNova’s Series B Preferred shares converted to common stock upon the offering. As a result, LivaNova’s investment in Ceribell, Inc. was classified as an investment with readily determinable fair value and measured on a recurring basis (Level 1) (previously Level 3 with fair value measured on a nonrecurring basis). As of December 31, 2024, LivaNova held 391,952 common shares. During 2025, LivaNova liquidated its investment in Ceribell, Inc. in a series of transactions with an average sales price of $16.69 per common share, resulting in net proceeds of $6.5 million from an initial investment in 2018 of $3.0 million.

As of December 31, 2025, LivaNova has committed capital to venture capital investment funds totaling $20.8 million, of which $13.5 million remains callable through 2031. The aggregate carrying amount of these funds was $6.8 million and $3.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 7. Derivatives and Risk Management

Due to the global nature of LivaNova’s operations, the Company is exposed to FX fluctuations. LivaNova enters into FX derivative contracts to reduce the impact of FX fluctuations on earnings and cash flow.

LivaNova is also exposed to equity price risk in connection with its 2029 Notes, including exchange/conversion and settlement provisions based on the price of its ordinary shares at exchange/conversion or maturity of the 2029 Notes. The Capped Call Transactions associated with the 2029 Notes also include settlement provisions that are based on the price of LivaNova’s ordinary shares, subject to a capped price per share.

These derivatives are intended to serve as economic hedges and follow the cash flows of the economic hedged item. LivaNova does not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes.

LivaNova had no designated hedging instruments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Freestanding FX Derivatives

LivaNova uses freestanding derivative forward contracts to offset exposure to the variability of the value associated with intercompany loans denominated in a foreign currency. The gross notional amount of freestanding FX derivative contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $113.2 million and $442.3 million, respectively. LivaNova recorded net gains of $25.9 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and a net loss of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from freestanding derivatives. These amounts are included in foreign exchange and other income/(expense) in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss).

Capped Call Derivatives

The Capped Call Transactions are carried on the consolidated balance sheets as a derivative asset at their estimated fair value and are adjusted at the end of each reporting period, with unrealized gain or loss reflected in foreign exchange and other income/(expense) in the consolidated statements of income (loss). The Capped Call Transactions are measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes model utilizing observable and unobservable market data, including share price, remaining contractual term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividend yield, as applicable. For additional information, refer to “Note 8. Fair Value Measurements,” “Note 9. Financing Arrangements,” and “Note 18. Supplemental Financial Information.”

2029 Capped Calls

In March 2024, LivaNova issued the 2029 Notes. In connection with the pricing of the 2029 Notes, the Company entered into related privately-negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions. Under the 2029 Capped Calls, the Company purchased a capped call option with an initial strike price of $69.40 and an initial cap price of $94.28 per share. The strike price, which is subject to certain adjustments, corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2029 Notes. The 2029

Capped Calls are intended to offset any cash payments and/or cash equivalent value of ordinary shares upon conversion of the 2029 Notes if the market value per ordinary share is greater than the strike price, with such offsets being subject to the initial cap price of $94.28 per share. However, the proceeds under the 2029 Capped Calls are limited to the initial cap price in the event the Company’s share price exceeds the cap price at the time of conversion. The 2029 Capped Calls expire on March 15, 2029, and must be settled in cash. The 2029 Capped Calls are subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 2029 Notes and cover the number of LivaNova’s ordinary shares underlying the 2029 Notes. If the 2029 Capped Calls are terminated early, settlement occurs at their termination value, which is equal to their fair value at the time of the early termination.

2025 Capped Calls

In June 2020, LivaNova issued the 2025 Notes. In connection with the pricing of the 2025 Notes, the Company entered into related privately-negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions. Under the 2025 Capped Calls, the Company purchased a capped call option with an initial strike price of $60.98 and an initial cap price of $100.00 per share. The strike price, subject to certain adjustments, corresponds to the initial exchange price of the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls were intended to offset any cash payments upon exchange of the 2025 Notes in excess of the principal amount. In connection with the issuance of the 2029 Notes, the Company repurchased an aggregate principal amount of $230.0 million of the 2025 Notes and unwound a corresponding portion of the 2025 Capped Calls at the fair value of such portion of the 2025 Capped Calls. The Company received $22.5 million in cash consideration, the fair value of the terminated portion, upon settlement. The remaining 2025 Capped Calls expired with a fair value ofzero on December 15, 2025.

Embedded Derivatives

The 2025 Notes included, and the 2029 Notes include, terms resulting in a bifurcated embedded derivative. The Embedded Derivatives are measured at fair value using a binomial lattice model and estimated discounted cash flows that utilize observable and unobservable market data and are adjusted at the end of each reporting period, with the unrealized gain or loss reflected in foreign exchange and other income/(expense) in the consolidated statements of income (loss). For additional information, refer to “Note 18. Supplemental Financial Information.”

Counterparty Credit Risk

LivaNova is exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to the Company’s derivatives.

The Option Counterparties are financial institutions. To limit LivaNova’s credit risk, the Company selected financial institutions with a minimum long-term investment grade credit rating. LivaNova’s exposure to the credit risk of the Option Counterparties is not secured by any collateral. If one or more of the Option Counterparties becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, LivaNova will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings, with a claim equal to the Company’s exposure at that time under the 2029 Capped Calls, as applicable, with that Option Counterparty.

To manage credit risk with respect to LivaNova’s FX derivatives, the Company selects and periodically reviews counterparties based on credit ratings, limits its exposure with respect to each counterparty, and monitors their respective market positions. However, if one or more of these counterparties were in a liability position to the Company and were unable to meet their obligations, any transactions with the counterparty could be subject to early termination, which could result in losses for the Company.

Balance Sheet Presentation

LivaNova offsets fair value amounts associated with its derivative instruments that are executed with the same counterparty under master netting arrangements on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Master netting arrangements include a right to set off or net together purchases and sales of similar products in the settlement process.

The following tables present the fair value and the location of derivative contracts reported on the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

Note 8. Fair Value Measurements

LivaNova reviews its fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the ability to observe valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities in the fair value hierarchy. Excluding LivaNova’s investment in Ceribell, Inc., as discussed in “Note 6. Investments,” there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, or 2023.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the level in the fair value hierarchy at which the Company’s assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis (in thousands):

Reconciliation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

The tables below present reconciliations of recurring fair value measurements that use significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

(1)For the year ended December 31, 2025, the contingent consideration change in fair value resulted in an increase of $4.2 million recorded tocost of sales and an increase of $3.6 million recorded to R&D. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the contingent consideration change in fair value resulted in an increase of $1.3 million recorded tocost of sales and an increase of $2.0 million recorded to R&D.

(2)Changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities and capped call derivative assets are recognized in foreign exchange and other income/(expense) in the consolidated statements of income (loss). For additional information on changes in fair value as it relates to the embedded and capped call derivatives, refer to “Note 7. Derivatives and Risk Management.”

Share Price Volatility

The following table presents the share price volatility utilized in determining the fair value of LivaNova’s capped call derivative assets and embedded derivative liabilities:

(1)The embedded and capped call derivatives are classified as Level 3 because the Company uses historical volatility and implied volatility from actual options traded to determine expected share price volatility, an unobservable input that is significant to the valuation. In general, an increase in LivaNova’s share price or share price volatility would increase the fair value of the embedded and capped call derivatives, which would result in an increase in net expense. As the remaining time to the expiration of the derivatives decreases, the fair value of the derivatives decreases. The future impact of the derivatives on net (loss) income depends on how significant inputs, such as share price, share price volatility, and time to the expiration of the derivatives, change in relation to other inputs.

Contingent Consideration Arrangements

The ImThera business combination involved contingent consideration arrangements comprised of potential cash payments upon the achievement of a certain regulatory milestone and a sales-based earnout associated with sales of products. The sales-based earnouts are valued using projected sales from LivaNova’s internal strategic plan. These arrangements are Level 3 fair value measurements and include the following significant unobservable inputs as of December 31, 2025:

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

LivaNova’s investments in equity securities of non-consolidated affiliates without readily determinable fair values are reported at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. LivaNova’s investments in non-financial assets such as goodwill, intangible assets, and PP&E are measured at fair value if there is an indication of impairment and adjusted to the new fair value when an impairment is recognized. LivaNova classifies the measurement input for these assets as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.

Other

The carrying value of LivaNova’s long-term debt including the current portion as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $376.1 million and $627.0 million, respectively. The fair value of the 2029 Notes as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $399.1 million and $343.7 million, respectively. The fair value of the 2025 Notes as of December 31, 2024 was $58.7 million. For all other long-term debt obligations, LivaNova believes the carrying value approximates fair value. The fair value was estimated using quoted market prices for the publicly registered Senior Notes, which are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair values and principal values consider the terms of the related debt and exclude the impacts of debt discounts and hedging activity.

The carrying values of LivaNova’s cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these items.

Note 9. Financing Arrangements

The following table presents a summary of LivaNova’s long-term debt obligations (in thousands, except interest rates):

(1)Includes finance leases, primarily payable semiannually and expiring in 2045.

The following table presents the aggregate contractually scheduled maturities of LivaNova’s long-term debt obligations for the next five years, excluding unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs, as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

Revolving Credit and Term Facilities

The outstanding principal amount of LivaNova’s short-term unsecured revolving credit agreements and other agreements with various banks was $0.6 million and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, with an average interest rate of 5.33% and loan terms ranging from overnight to 364 days as of December 31, 2025.

On March 8, 2024, LivaNova and LivaNova USA entered into Incremental Facility Amendment No. 3, which provides for LivaNova USA to obtain revolving commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $225.0 million. The $225.0 million revolving facility is subject to the terms and conditions of the 2021 First Lien Credit Agreement, as amended thereof. The revolving facility is available for working capital and other general corporate purposes and, if drawn, can be repaid at any time without premium or penalty. The $225.0 million revolving facility matures on March 8, 2029. There wereno outstanding borrowings under the revolving facilities under the 2021 First Lien Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The 2021 First Lien Credit Agreement, as amended, also requires the payment of certain commitment fees on the unused portion of the commitments, at a variable percentage based on LivaNova’s Total Net Leverage Ratio. As of December 31, 2025, the applicable commitment fee percentage was 0.25% per annum.

On July 6, 2022, LivaNova and its wholly-owned subsidiary, LivaNova USA, entered into Incremental Facility Amendment No. 2, which provides for LivaNova USA to, among other things, obtain commitments for term loan facilities from a syndicate of lenders in an aggregate principal amount of $350 million consisting of (i) the Initial Term Facility with an aggregate principal amount of $300 million and (ii) the Delayed Draw Term Facility with an additional aggregate principal amount of $50 million. On April 6, 2023, LivaNova drew $50 million under the Delayed Draw Term Facility for general corporate purposes.

The Term Facilities have a maturity offive years. The Term Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to an adjusted term SOFR plus a variable margin based on the Company’s consolidated total net leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2025, the applicable margin over adjusted term SOFR was equal to 3.00% per annum. The Term Facilities are subject to an original issue discount of 1.5% of their principal amount. The Term Facilities are subject to quarterly principal repayment, based on the following amortization schedule: (i) during the first year from the initial funding date:1.9%; (ii) year two:5.0%; (iii) year three:5.0%; (iv) year four:7.5%; and (v) year five:10.0%, with the remainder to be paid at maturity. The effective interest rate of the Term Facilities as of December 31, 2025 was 7.04%.

The 2021 First Lien Credit Agreement, as amended, contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants, including the requirement to maintain a Senior Secured First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of not more than 3.50 to 1.00, calculated as the ratio of Consolidated Senior Secured First Lien Net Indebtedness to Consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the credit agreement, for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on the calculation date and an Interest Coverage Ratio of not less than 2.00 to 1.00, calculated as the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense, both as defined in the credit agreement, for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on the calculation date. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the 2021 First Lien Credit Agreement.

On May 2, 2025, LivaNova made an early repayment of $200 million on principal borrowings under the Term Facilities. The early repayment resulted in the recognition of a loss on debt extinguishment of $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, associated with the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, and is included within loss on debt extinguishment on the consolidated statements of income (loss). On January 8, 2026, LivaNova paid $97.7 million in an early repayment of the amount outstanding under the Term Facilities in full, along with accrued interest.

Debt discount and issuance costs related to the Initial Term Facility were $9.6 million. The unamortized debt discount and issuance costs related to the Initial Term Facility were $0.9 million and $4.8 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

2029 Notes Issuance and 2025 Notes Repurchase Transactions

On March 8, 2024, LivaNova issued $345.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.50% notes due 2029 by private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, which included exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase up to an additional $45.0 million principal amount of the 2029 Notes. The 2029 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. The Company used part of the proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes to repurchase $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes in privately-negotiated transactions for an aggregate cash repurchase consideration of $270.5 million.

The 2025 Notes Repurchase Transaction was treated as a debt extinguishment. The carrying value of the related 2025 Notes, which included the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs and the fair value of the embedded derivative, was derecognized, and the 2029 Notes issued were recognized at fair value. The difference between the consideration used to extinguish the 2025 Notes, the carrying value of the 2025 Notes, and the fair value of the embedded derivative was recognized as a loss on debt extinguishment of $25.5 million in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2024. Third-party costs incurred directly related to the 2025 Notes Repurchase Transaction were deferred and capitalized as additional debt issuance costs to be amortized on the 2029 Notes.

Contemporaneously with the 2025 Notes Repurchase Transaction, the Company and the financial institutions party to the 2025 Capped Calls agreed to terminate a portion of the 2025 Capped Calls in a notional amount corresponding to the amount of 2025 Notes repurchased. The Company received $22.5 million in cash consideration, the fair value of the terminated portion, upon settlement. For additional information on LivaNova’s embedded and capped call derivative instruments, refer to “Note 7. Derivatives and Risk Management.”

2029 Notes

The sale of the 2029 Notes resulted in $332.1 million in net proceeds to the Company after deducting issuance costs. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The effective interest rate of the 2029 Notes was 9.84% as of December 31, 2025. The 2029 Notes mature on March 15, 2029, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted.

Debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2029 Notes were $99.6 million, including $87.5 million of discount attributable to the embedded derivative and $12.1 million of new debt issuance costs related to the 2029 Notes. The debt discount and issuance costs are amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2029 Notes. The unamortized debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2029 Notes as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $69.4 million and $87.0 million, respectively.

Holders are entitled to convert the 2029 Notes at any time during specified periods, at their option, subject to certain conditions. This includes the right to convert the 2029 Notes during any calendar quarter if the last reported sale price of LivaNova’s ordinary shares is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price, or $90.22 per share, for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter. The initial conversion rate for the 2029 Notes is 14.4085 ordinary shares per $1,000 principal amount of 2029 Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of $69.40 per share). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, as set forth in the indenture governing the 2029 Notes.

As of December 31, 2025, the conditions for conversion were not met. As a result, the Company included its obligations from the 2029 Notes and the associated embedded derivative as long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025, and the 2029 Notes are not convertible for the three months ending March 31, 2026.

Upon any conversion of the 2029 Notes, LivaNova will be required to pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes to be converted and may elect to settle the conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes being converted in cash, shares, or a combination of the two.

On or after December 15, 2028, holders may convert their 2029 Notes at their option at any time until the close of business on the second Scheduled Trading Day (as defined in the indenture governing the 2029 Notes) immediately preceding the maturity date.

The Company may redeem the 2029 Notes, in whole or in part, at its option on or after March 22, 2027 for cash if the last reported sale price of LivaNova’s ordinary share has been at least 130% of the conversion price, or $90.22 per share, then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. Additionally, the Company may redeem the 2029 Notes at its option, prior to the stated maturity, in whole but not in part, in connection with certain tax-related events.

Holders may require the Company to repurchase their 2029 Notes upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2029 Notes) at a repurchase price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. In addition, in connection with certain corporate events or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their 2029 Notes in connection with such corporate event or during the relevant redemption period.

The indenture governing the 2029 Notes contains customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the Trustee (as defined in the indenture governing the 2029 Notes) or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes then outstanding may declare the entire principal amount of all the 2029 Notes, and accrued and unpaid interest on such 2029 Notes, to be immediately due and payable. Upon events of default in connection with specified bankruptcy events involving the Company, the 2029 Notes will become due and payable immediately.

2025 Notes

On June 17, 2020, LivaNova USA issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% notes due 2025 by private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The 2025 Notes were senior unsecured obligations of the Company. The sale of the 2025 Notes resulted in $278.0 million in net proceeds to the Company after deducting issuance costs. Interest was payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. On March 8, 2024, in connection with the issuance of the 2029 Notes, the Company used part of the net proceeds to repurchase $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes in privately-negotiated transactions. For additional information, refer to “2029 Notes Issuance and 2025 Notes Repurchase Transactions” above. On December 15, 2025, LivaNova repaid the 2025 Notes in full upon maturity, along with accrued interest.

Debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2025 Notes were $82.0 million, including $75.0 million of discount attributable to the embedded derivative and $7.0 million of allocated issuance costs to the 2025 Notes related to legal, bank, and accounting fees. The debt discount and issuance costs were amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2025 Notes. Upon the closing of the 2025 Notes Repurchase Transaction in March 2024, the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2025 Notes were $5.8 million. The unamortized debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2025 Notes as of December 31, 2024 were $3.6 million.

Note 10. Leases

LivaNova has operating leases primarily for (i) office space; (ii) manufacturing, warehouse, and R&D facilities; and (iii) vehicles. LivaNova’s leases include options to extend the leases, and some of which include options to terminate the leases at the Company’s sole discretion. The following table presents the components of operating lease assets and liabilities (in thousands):

The following table presents the components of operating lease cost (in thousands):

The following table presents the contractual maturities of LivaNova’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

The following table presents the weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates:

The following table presents the supplemental lease information (in thousands):

Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies

Saluggia Site Hazardous Substances

LSM, formerly a subsidiary of Sorin, one of the companies that merged into LivaNova PLC in 2015, manages site services for the campus in Saluggia, Italy. In addition to being a former LivaNova manufacturing facility, the Saluggia campus is also the location of manufacturing facilities of third parties, a cafeteria for workers, and storage facilities for hazardous substances and equipment previously used in a nuclear research center, later turned nuclear medicine business, between the 1960s and the late 1990s. Pursuant to authorization from the Italian government, LSM performs ordinary maintenance, secures the facilities, monitors air and water quality, and files applicable reports with the competent environmental authorities.

In 2020, LSM received correspondence from ISIN requesting that, within five years, LSM demonstrate the financial capacity to meet its obligations under Italian law to clean and dismantle any contaminated buildings and equipment, as well as to deliver hazardous substances to a national repository. The national repository will be built by the Italian government at a location and time yet to be determined. ISIN subsequently published Technical Guide n. 30, which identifies the technical criteria and general safety and protection requirements for the design, construction, operation, and dismantling of temporary storage facilities for the hazardous substances.

Although there is no legal obligation to deliver any hazardous substances, as the performance of these obligations is contingent on the construction of the as-yet unbuilt national repository, based on the aforementioned factors, the Company concluded its obligation to clean, dismantle, and deliver any hazardous substances to a national repository is probable and reasonably estimable. The estimated liability as of December 31, 2025 was $41.8 million (€35.6 million), which represented the estimated low end of the range of loss, with an estimated maximum end of the range of loss of $58.5 million (€49.9 million). The estimated liability as of December 31, 2024 was $36.7 million (€35.4 million).

SNIA Environmental Litigation

Sorin was created as a result of a spin-off from SNIA in 2004. SNIA subsequently became insolvent, and the Public Administrations sought compensation from SNIA in an aggregate amount of approximately $4.0 billion for remediation costs relating to the environmental damage at chemical sites previously operated by SNIA’s other subsidiaries. In 2012, SNIA filed a civil action against Sorin in the Civil Court of Milan, asserting joint liability of a parent and a spun-off company; the Public Administrations entered voluntarily into the proceeding, asking Sorin, as jointly liable with SNIA, to pay compensation for SNIA’s environmental damages. In 2015, Sorin was merged into LivaNova.

In 2016, the Court of Milan dismissed all legal actions of SNIA and of the Public Administrations, further requiring the Public Administrations to pay Sorin €292,000 ($343,000 as of December 31, 2025) for legal fees. The Public Administrations appealed the 2016 Decision to the Court of Appeal. In March 2019, the Court of Appeal issued a partial decision on the merits declaring LivaNova jointly liable with SNIA for SNIA’s environmental liabilities in an amount up to the fair value of the net worth received by Sorin because of the spin-off of Sorin from SNIA in 2004, an estimated €572.1 million ($671.1 million as of December 31, 2025). LivaNova appealed the partial decision on liability to the Italian Supreme Court in August 2019.

In 2021, the Court of Appeal delivered the remainder of its decision, ordering LivaNova to pay damages of €453.6 million ($532.1 million as of December 31, 2025). LivaNova appealed the decision on damages in December 2021. In February 2022, the Court of Appeal notified the Company that it granted the Company a suspension with respect to the payment of damages until a decision was reached on the appeal to the Italian Supreme Court, subject to LivaNova providing a first demand bank guarantee of €270.0 million ($316.7 million as of December 31, 2025); LivaNova delivered the SNIA Litigation Guarantee in March 2022.

In November 2022, the Italian Supreme Court issued a procedural document whereby the Italian Supreme Court referred a question on the interpretation of a European directive on demergers to the ECJ. Specifically, the ordinance asked the ECJ to provide a binding decision as to whether a company resulting from a demerger can be held jointly and severally liable not only for the established liabilities of the demerged company that were articulated at the time of demerger, but also for the environmental liabilities of the demerged company that materialized after the demerger which are derived from actions performed prior to the demerger. In July 2024, the ECJ issued a judgment, stating that a demerged company can be held responsible for liabilities not established prior to a demerger as long as the liabilities derive from the conduct of a demerged company prior to the demerger. The ECJ judgment also states that national law should determine whether liability for damages stemming from conduct after a demerger can be assigned to a demerged company.

On March 14, 2025, the Italian Supreme Court issued its decision in response to all of the appeals of the Company and counter-appeals submitted by the Public Administrations. The Italian Supreme Court determined that LivaNova can be held jointly and severally liable for the established liabilities of SNIA at the time of demerger, as well as the environmental liabilities of the demerged company that materialized after the demerger, which are derived from actions performed prior to the demerger; however, the Italian Supreme Court also ruled that the Company should not be held responsible for certain payments previously approved by the Court of Appeal in the amount of €157.3 million ($184.5 million as of December 31, 2025). The case was referred back to the Court of Appeal to implement the decisions respecting costs and damages in accordance with the judgment of the Italian Supreme Court.

On March 31, 2025, as a result of the decision by the Italian Supreme Court, the SNIA Litigation Guarantee was terminated, and the restriction on the cash deposit held as collateral was released. For additional information on the financing of the guarantee, refer to “Note 18. Supplemental Financial Information.”

On May 15, 2025, as a procedural step, the Public Administrations served the Company with a filing to return the proceedings to the Court of Appeal. In addition to seeking a return of the case to the Court of Appeal, the Public Administrations asserted that the Court of Appeal forgo an examination of the amounts disapproved by the Italian Supreme Court and instead impose costs of €108.8 million ($127.6 million as of December 31, 2025) at a minimum. These assertions are counter to the decision of the Italian Supreme Court’s judgment, which disapproved costs of €157.3 million ($184.5 million as of December 31, 2025). The Public Administrations’ filing is not a legal judgment or demand for payment.

At a hearing on January 28, 2026, the Court of Appeal scheduled a hearing for June 24, 2026 to allow the parties to discuss a possible out-of-court resolution of the matter. Discussions remain ongoing, and there can be no assurance that they will result in a settlement.

As a result of the March 14, 2025 decision by the Italian Supreme Court, the Company recorded a current liability in the first quarter of 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the current liability on the consolidated balance sheet was €337.8 million ($396.2 million), representing the Company’s best estimate inclusive of estimated costs, fees, interest, and taxes. These estimated costs do not include the Company’s legal fees, which are expensed as incurred and included in SG&A in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss). As of the date of this filing, the Company believes the amount recorded for the SNIA matter remains its best estimate and has determined that it has sufficient resources to satisfy the liability.

Product Liability Litigation

The Company continues to be involved in litigation involving LivaNova’s 3T device. The litigation includes the cases remaining in the federal multi-district litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania and various U.S. state courts, as well as claims in jurisdictions outside the United States. As of February 25, 2026, the Company was aware of approximately 65 filed and unfiled claims worldwide. The complaints generally seek damages and other relief based on theories of strict liability, negligence, breach of express and implied warranties, failure to warn, design and manufacturing defect, fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation or concealment, unjust enrichment, and violations of various state consumer protection statutes.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, LivaNova recorded an additional liability of $4.7 million, $19.7 million, and $34.5 million, respectively, upon receiving new information regarding the nature of certain claims. As of December 31, 2025, the provision for these matters was $15.6 million. While the amount accrued represents LivaNova’s best estimate for those worldwide filed and unfiled claims of which LivaNova is aware and believes are both probable and estimable at this time, the actual liability for resolution of these matters may vary from the Company’s provision. A provision has not been recorded for any claims where a potential loss is not determined to be probable, or a potential loss or range of potential loss is not reasonably estimable at this time.

The following table presents the changes in the litigation provision liability for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):

(1)Adjustments to the litigation provision represent updates to LivaNova’s estimates and are included in other operating expense on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

(2)Included in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Italian MedTech Payback Measure

In 2015, the Italian Parliament introduced a law regarding public contracts with the National Healthcare System for the supply of goods and services. In particular, the law introduced a payback measure requiring companies selling medical devices in Italy to repay a percentage of the healthcare expenditures exceeding the regional maximum caps for medical devices. In August 2022, a decree was published that provided guidance and timetables for the payback measure. In response, LivaNova filed an appeal at the Administrative Court against the decree of the Ministry of Health, assessing the amount payable and against the payback law. LivaNova also filed appeals against the regions requesting payments. In July 2024, the Constitutional Court determined that the payback law is compliant with the Italian Constitution. On June 30, 2025, the Italian Government introduced a decree that would allow companies to settle their 2015-2018 payment obligations by paying 25% of the originally requested amounts if those companies were to withdraw any outstanding appeals related to that period and remit payment within 30 days of the law entering into force. The law entered into force on August 10, 2025. In September 2025, the Company paid €3.5 million ($4.1 million as of December 31, 2025), representing 25% of the originally requested amounts in full settlement of its 2015-2018 payment obligations and reversed the remaining $3.8 million reserve for that period. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had a reserve of $12.8 million for the years 2019 to the present reflecting its best estimate of the full potential obligation; however, the actual liability could vary. As of December 31, 2024, the reserve was $16.0 million, including $7.0 million for the years 2015-2018. The reserve is included in accrued liabilities and other in the consolidated balance sheets. Amounts recognized associated with the Italian MedTech payback measure are recorded as a reduction to net revenue in the consolidated statements of income (loss).

Cyber Litigation

In connection with the cybersecurity incident initially reported on November 20, 2023, LivaNova USA was named as a defendant insix putative class action lawsuits filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas in June and July 2024. Those cases were consolidated in a single action, and the plaintiffs filed against LivaNova USA a consolidated class action complaint, which asserted claims of negligence, breach of contract, and violation of various state consumer protection laws. The plaintiffs sought damages, equitable/injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses, among other relief. The parties entered into mediation and agreed to a class action settlement, with respect to which the Company recorded an accrual of $1.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The class action settlement received approval from the court on April 4, 2025, and all settlement administration activities are materially complete.

HHS’s Office for Civil Rights investigated the incident pursuant to its authority to enforce the HIPAA rules regarding privacy, security, and breach notification. The Office for Civil Rights issued a request for information regarding the Company’s response to the incident and the Company’s compliance with HIPAA rules, to which the Company responded. On December 3, 2025, the Office for Civil Rights notified LivaNova that the agency had formally closed its investigation into the incident and did not intend to take further action against the Company on the basis of the incident. The investigation did not result in civil monetary penalties, a corrective action plan, or other injunctive relief. The Company does not expect to receive additional government requests for information about the incident.

Other Matters

Additionally, LivaNova is the subject of various pending or threatened legal actions and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of LivaNova’s business. These matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes that are not predictable and that may not be known for extended periods of time. Since the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, the costs associated with them could have a material adverse effect on LivaNova’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.

Note 12. Shareholders’ Equity

The following table presents the change in each component of AOCI, net of tax and the reclassifications out of AOCI into net (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):

(1)Taxes were not provided for foreign currency translation adjustments, as translation adjustments are related to earnings that are intended to be reinvested in the countries where earned.

Note 13. Share-Based Incentive Plans

Share-Based Plans

For the year ended December 31, 2025, LivaNova issued share-based compensatory awards to its employees with terms approved by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors and issued share-based compensatory awards to its directors with terms approved by the Board of Directors. The employee awards with service conditions generally vest ratably over three years for RSUs andfour years for SARs, and are subject to forfeiture unless service conditions are met. The employee market performance-based awards that were issued generally cliff vest after three years, subject to the rank of LivaNova’s total shareholder return for thethree-year period ending December 31, 2027 relative to the total shareholder returns of the S&P 500 Health Care Equipment index. The employee adjusted free cash flow and return on invested capital operating performance-based awards that were issued generally cliff vest after three years, subject to the achievement of certain thresholds of cumulative results for thethree-year period ending December 31, 2027. The Board of Director RSU awards with service conditions generally cliff vest atone year.

Prior to June 11, 2025, share-based awards could be granted under the 2015 Plan and the A&R 2022 Plan in the form of stock options, SARs, RSUs, and other share-based and cash-based awards. On June 11, 2025, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2025 Director Incentive Plan and the Second A&R 2022 Plan. The 2025 Director Incentive Plan provides equity-based compensation to non-executive directors by making available a total of 300,000 shares for awards granted on or after the date on which the 2025 Director Incentive Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders. The 2025 Director Incentive Plan is intended to be the successor to the 2015 Plan. No further awards may be made under the 2015 Plan, although any outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan will continue to remain in full force and effect. The Second A&R 2022 Plan provides for an aggregate of 2,200,000 shares that can be issued pursuant to awards granted on or after the date on which the Second A&R 2022 Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders. Additionally, forfeited and expired shares granted under the prior

A&R 2022 Plan are applied to the Second A&R 2022 Plan. The other terms of the Second A&R 2022 Plan, including its expiration date, remain unchanged from the A&R 2022 Plan. As of December 31, 2025, under the 2025 Director Incentive Plan, there were 259,423 shares available for future grants to LivaNova’s non-executive directors, and under the Second A&R 2022 Plan, there were 2,377,127 shares available for future grants to LivaNova’s employees.

The Company also provides an ESPP.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents the amounts of share-based compensation expense recognized in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss), by expense category (in thousands):

The following table presents the amounts of share-based compensation expense recognized in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss) by type of arrangement (in thousands):

Unrecognized Share-Based Compensation

The following table presents the amounts of unrecognized share-based compensation cost related to non-vested awards, including awards issued as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

Stock Appreciation Rights and Stock Options

LivaNova uses the Black-Scholes option pricing methodology to calculate the grant date fair market value of SARs. The following table lists the assumptions LivaNova utilized as inputs to the Black-Scholes model:

(1)LivaNova has not paid dividends, and no future dividends have been approved.

(2)LivaNova uses yield rates on U.S. Treasury securities for a period that approximates the expected term of the awards granted to estimate the risk-free interest rate.

(3)LivaNova estimated the expected term of the awards granted using historic data of actual time elapsed between the date of grant and the exercise or forfeiture of options or SARs for employees.

(4)LivaNova determines the expected volatility of the awards based on historical volatility.

The following tables present the activity for service-based SARs and stock option awards:

(1)The aggregate intrinsic value of SARs and stock options is based on the difference between the fair market value of the underlying share as of December 31, 2025, using the market closing share price, and the exercise price for awards where the market closing share price exceeds the exercise price.

(2)Includes the impact of expected future forfeitures.

Restricted Stock Units Awards

The following tables present the activity for service-based RSU awards:

The following tables present the activity for performance-based RSU awards:

(1)Represents the difference between the target units granted and the actual units awarded based upon the attainment of performance goals for the Company.

Note 14. Employee Retirement Plans

Defined Benefit Plans

LivaNova sponsors several defined benefit pension plans, which include plans in the U.S., Italy, Germany, Japan, and France. The Company maintains a frozen cash balance retirement plan in the U.S. that is a contributory, defined benefit plan designed to provide the benefit in terms of a stated account balance dependent on the employer’s promised interest-crediting rate. In Italy and France, LivaNova maintains a severance pay defined benefit plan that obligates the employer to pay a severance payment in case of resignation, dismissal, or retirement. In other jurisdictions, LivaNova sponsors non-contributory, defined benefit plans designated to provide guaranteed minimum retirement benefits to eligible employees.

Risks Related to Defined Benefit Plans

The defined benefit plans expose LivaNova to various demographic and economic risks such as longevity risk, investment risks, currency and interest rate risks, and in some cases inflation risk. Pension fund Trustees are responsible for and have full discretion over the investment strategy of the plan assets. In general, Trustees manage pension fund risks by diversifying the investments of plan assets and in some cases by matching the interest rate risk of liabilities in whole or in part.

The Company has an active de-risking strategy in which it consistently looks for opportunities to reduce the risks associated with its defined benefit plans. The plans are governed by Trustees who have a legal obligation to evenly balance the interests of all stakeholders and operate under the local regulatory framework.

The following table presents the changes in benefit obligations and plan assets, and the funded status of LivaNova’s U.S. and non-U.S. pension benefits (in thousands):

(1)In certain non-U.S. countries, fully funding pension plans is not a common practice. Consequently, certain pension plans have been partially funded.

The following table presents U.S. and non-U.S. net periodic benefit cost of LivaNova’s defined benefit pension plans by component (in thousands):

The following table presents the major actuarial assumptions used in determining the benefit obligations and net periodic benefit costs for LivaNova’s significant U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit plans:

To determine the discount rate for LivaNova’s U.S. benefit plan, the Company used the FTSE Above Median Pension Discount Curve. For the discount rate used for non-U.S. benefit plans, LivaNova considers local market expectations of long-term returns, primarily utilizing the iBoxx Corporate Index Bond rating AA, duration higher than 10 years. The resulting discount rates are consistent with the duration of plan liabilities.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption for LivaNova’s U.S. defined benefit plan was derived from a study conducted by the Company’s investment managers. The study includes a review of the anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes and considers the appropriate asset allocation strategy, given the anticipated funding requirements of the plan, to determine the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested.

Retirement Benefit Plan Investment Strategy

In the U.S., LivaNova has an account that holds the defined benefit frozen balance pension plan assets. The Plan Committee sets investment guidelines for the U.S. pension plan. Plan assets in the U.S. are invested in accordance with sound investment practices that emphasize long-term fundamentals. The investment objective for the plan assets in the U.S. is to achieve a positive rate of return that would be expected to close the current funding deficit and enable LivaNova to terminate the frozen pension plan at a reasonable cost. The Plan Committee also oversees the investment allocation process, selects the investment managers, and monitors asset performance. The plan investments consist of a diversified portfolio of fixed income and equity index funds. Securities are also diversified in terms of investment location (domestic and international), tenor (short- and long-term securities), investment objective (growth and value), and size of market.

Outside the U.S., pension plan assets are typically managed by decentralized fiduciary committees. There is a significant variation in asset allocation policy from country to country. Local regulations, local funding rules, and local financial and tax considerations influence the funding and investment allocation process in each country.

The following table presents LivaNova’s U.S. and non-U.S. pension plan target allocations by asset category:

Retirement Benefit Fair Values

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for retirement benefit plan assets measured at fair value:

Mutual Funds: Comprised of investments in equity and fixed income securities held in pooled investment vehicles. The valuations of mutual funds are based on the respective net asset values which are determined by the fund daily at market close. The net asset values are calculated based on the valuation of the underlying assets which are determined using observable inputs. The net asset values are publicly reported.

Fixed Income Securities: Fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows.

Money Markets: Valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

The following tables present information by level for the U.S. retirement benefit plan assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

The following tables present information by level for the non-U.S. retirement benefit plan assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

For information of the fair value measurement terms of Levels 1, 2, and 3, refer to “Note 2. Basis of Presentation, Use of Accounting Estimates, and Significant Accounting Policies.”

Defined Benefit Retirement Funding

LivaNova makes the minimum required contribution to fund the U.S. pension plan as determined by the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act and the Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014. The Company contributed $0.9 million, $1.5 million, and $1.4 million to the pension plans (U.S. and non-U.S.) for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. LivaNova anticipates the Company will make contributions to the U.S. pension plan of $0.1 million for the year ending December 31, 2026.

The following table presents benefit payments expected to be paid, including amounts to be paid from LivaNova’s assets, and reflecting expected future service, as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

Defined Contribution Plans

LivaNova sponsors defined contribution plans in the U.S., including the Cyberonics Employee Retirement Savings Plan, which qualifies under Section 401(k) of the IRC, covering U.S. employees, and the Cyberonics Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, covering certain U.S. middle and senior management. In addition, LivaNova sponsors the Belgium Defined Contribution Pension Plan for Cyberonics’ Belgium employees. LivaNova incurred expenses for the Company’s defined contribution plans of $11.6 million, $9.6 million, and $11.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Note 15. Income Taxes

Effective for the year ended December 31, 2025, LivaNova adopted ASU 2023-09 on a prospective basis, which resulted in certain additional disclosures presented below for 2025.

(Loss) Income Before Income Tax and Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The following table presents the domestic and foreign components of (loss) income before income tax and income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands):

The following table presents the U.S. and non-U.S. components of income (loss) before income tax and LivaNova’s income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands):

Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

LivaNova PLC is resident in the UK for tax purposes. LivaNova’s subsidiaries conduct operations and earn income in numerous countries and are subject to the laws of taxing jurisdictions within those countries, and the income tax rates imposed in the tax jurisdictions in which LivaNova’s subsidiaries conduct operations vary. As a result of the changes in the overall level of the Company’s income, the earnings mix in various jurisdictions, and the changes in tax laws, LivaNova’s consolidated effective income tax rate may vary from one reporting period to another.

LivaNova is subject to income taxes as well as non-income-based taxes in the U.S., the UK, the EU, and various other jurisdictions. LivaNova continues to monitor the adoption of Pillar Two by the taxing jurisdictions in which it operates. The UK has enacted legislation providing for a minimum effective tax rate of 15% through a multinational top-up tax and a domestic top-up tax for accounting periods beginning on or after December 31, 2023. Since LivaNova does not have significant operations in jurisdictions with tax rates below 15%, the multinational top-up tax and domestic top-up taxes under Pillar Two do not have a material impact on the effective rate for 2025. LivaNova will continue to monitor legislative developments and related guidance in the UK and other jurisdictions that may impact LivaNova’s operations.

LivaNova’s effective income tax rate was (9.8%) and 28.4% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Compared with the year ended December 31, 2024, the change in the effective tax rate for 2025 was primarily attributable to year-over-year changes in income before income tax in countries with varying statutory tax rates; certain discrete tax items, including the SNIA environmental liability; and changes in valuation allowances.

The following tables present a reconciliation of the statutory income tax rate to LivaNova’s effective income tax rate expressed as a percentage of income (loss) before income tax (in thousands, except for percentages):

Income Taxes Paid

The following table presents the domestic and foreign components of cash paid for income taxes, net (in thousands):

Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents the significant components of LivaNova’s deferred tax assets and liabilities (in thousands):

The Company operates in multiple jurisdictions worldwide and assesses the recoverability of its deferred tax assets for each period and jurisdiction by considering whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers all available evidence (both positive and negative) in determining whether a valuation allowance is required. Depending on operating results in the future, a release of the valuation allowance could occur within the next 12 months. The timing and amount of the valuation allowance release could vary based on the Company’s assessment of all available evidence. Any changes to the realizability of the deferred tax assets due to transactions and other events in 2026 will be accounted for during the quarter in which they occur. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, LivaNova had valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of $127.6 million and $158.8 million, respectively. The decrease in valuation allowance primarily relates to the release of valuation allowances for expired tax credits and utilization of previously valued deferred tax assets.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of LivaNova’s deferred tax asset valuation allowances (in thousands):

The following table presents NOL and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2025, which can be used to reduce LivaNova’s income tax payable in future years (in thousands):

No provision has been made for income taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 because it is LivaNova’s intention to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries. In the event of the distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends, a sale of the subsidiaries, or certain other transactions, LivaNova may be liable for income taxes and withholding taxes. As of December 31, 2025, it was not practicable to determine the exact amount of the deferred tax liability related to those investments.

Uncertain Income Tax Positions

LivaNova operates in multiple jurisdictions with complex legal and tax regulatory environments, and the Company’s tax returns are periodically audited or subjected to review by tax authorities. LivaNova monitors tax law changes and the potential impact on its results of operations. Tax authorities may disagree with certain positions LivaNova has taken and assess additional taxes. LivaNova regularly assesses the likely outcomes of the Company’s tax positions in order to determine the appropriateness of its reserves for uncertain tax positions. However, there can be no assurance that LivaNova will accurately predict the outcome of these audits, and the actual outcome of an audit could have a material impact on LivaNova’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, and financial position.

The following table presents a reconciliation of LivaNova’s total gross unrecognized tax benefit (in thousands):

The following table presents the components of LivaNova’s total gross unrecognized tax benefit (in thousands):

Accrued interest and penalties totaled $0.4 million, $0.1 million, and $0.7 million, as of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and were included in other long-term liabilities in LivaNova’s consolidated balance sheets. LivaNova records accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and foreign exchange and other income/(expense), respectively, in LivaNova’s consolidated statements of income (loss).

The major jurisdictions where LivaNova is subject to income tax examinations as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:

Note 16. Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per share:

The following table presents the reconciliations of net (loss) income and weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

(1)For the year ended December 31, 2025, the 2029 Notes were outstanding and potentially dilutive securities, but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

(2)Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were shares for stock options, SARs, and RSUs totaling 2.4 million,2.8 million, and 3.0 million, respectively, because to include them would have been anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method.

Note 17. Geographic and Segment Information

Segment Information

LivaNova identifies operating segments based on how it manages, evaluates, and internally reports its business activities to allocate resources, develop and execute its strategy, and assess performance. Prior to 2024, LivaNova operated through three segments: Cardiopulmonary, Neuromodulation, and ACS. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company reorganized its operating and reporting structure upon initiating the 2024 Restructuring Plan. This involved transitioning all ACS standalone cannulae and accessories, including ProtekDuo and transseptal (TandemHeart) cannulae, into its Cardiopulmonary segment.

Operations for other ACS products, including LifeSPARC and Hemolung systems, were discontinued in 2024. For additional information, refer to “Note 4. Restructuring.” This restructuring, along with changes in how the Company’s CODM regularly reviews information, allocates resources, and assesses performance, resulted in modifications to LivaNova’s reportable segments. Specifically, LivaNova’s former ACS segment is now included in “Other,” excluding the ACS standalone cannulae and accessories business, which is now included in the Cardiopulmonary reportable segment. As a result, LivaNova now hastwo reportable segments: Cardiopulmonary and Neuromodulation. The segment financial information presented herein reflects these changes for all periods presented.

LivaNova’s Cardiopulmonary segment is engaged in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of cardiopulmonary products, including HLMs, oxygenators, autotransfusion systems, perfusion tubing systems, cannulae, and other related accessories, and provides services related to certain of these products.

LivaNova’s Neuromodulation segment is engaged in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of devices that deliver neuromodulation therapy for treating DRE and DTD. Neuromodulation products include the VNS Therapy System, which consists of an implantable pulse generator, a lead that connects the generator to the vagus nerve, and other accessories. It also includes the development and management of clinical testing of LivaNova’s aura6000 System for treating OSA.

The following table presents net revenue by operating segment and geographic region (in thousands):

(1)“Europe” includes the UK, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Portugal, Finland, and Denmark. Excluding Europe and the U.S., “Rest of World” includes all other countries where LivaNova operates.

(2)“Other Revenue” includes revenue from the Company’s former ACS reportable segment, as discussed above, as well as rental and site services income not allocated to segments.

(3)Net revenue to external customers includes $55.9 million, $48.9 million, and $41.5 million in the UK, LivaNova’s country of domicile, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

(4)No single customer represented over 10% of the Company’s consolidated net revenue. No country’s net revenue exceeded 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue except for the U.S.

LivaNova defines segment income as operating income before restructuring expense, amortization of intangible assets, the Saluggia site provision, merger and integration expense, and other income and expense not allocated to segments. Other income and expense not allocated to segments primarily includes corporate expense, rental income, and the results of LivaNova’s former ACS reportable segment, as discussed above. LivaNova’s CODM is the Company’s CEO, who is regularly provided the results comprising segment income to make strategic business decisions, including, but not limited to, evaluation of the Company’s business portfolio, R&D investment decisions, and consideration of the Company’s organizational structure.

The following table presents a reconciliation of segment income to consolidated (loss) income before income tax (in thousands):

(1)Interest expense includes contractual interest expense associated with LivaNova’s short- and long-term financing arrangements and the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs of $23.1 million, $21.6 million, and $19.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the components of segment income, including significant expenses, of LivaNova’s reportable segments (in thousands):

The following table presents assets by reportable segment (in thousands):

(1)“Other assets” primarily include corporate assets not allocated to segments.

The following table presents capital expenditures by segment (in thousands):

(1)“Other capital expenditures” primarily includes corporate capital expenditures not allocated to segments and capital expenditures of LivaNova’s former ACS reportable segment.

Geographic Information

The following table presents property, plant, and equipment, net(1) by geographic region (in thousands):

(1)No country’s property, plant, and equipment, net exceeded 10% of LivaNova’s consolidated property, plant, and equipment, net except for the U.S. and Italy. Italian plant, property, and equipment, net included within Europe was $110.4 million and $73.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 18. Supplemental Financial Information

The following table presents the components of inventories (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, inventories included adjustments totaling $18.0 million and $16.4 million, respectively, to record balances at lower of cost or net realizable value.

The following table presents the components of property, plant, and equipment, net (in thousands):

(1)Building and building improvements includes right-of-use assets associated with finance leases.

The following table presents the components of accrued liabilities and other (in thousands):

(1)Refer to “Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies.”

(2)Refer to “Note 10. Leases.”

(3)Refer to “Note 7. Derivatives and Risk Management.”

(4)Refer to “Note 4. Restructuring.”

The following table presents the items included within foreign exchange and other income/(expense) on the consolidated statements of income (loss) (in thousands):

(1)Refer to “Note 8. Fair Value Measurements.”

(2)Refer to “Note 6. Investments.”

The following tables present supplemental information to the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

(1)Restricted cash represents funds held as collateral for the SNIA Litigation Guarantee. For additional information, refer to “Note 2. Basis of Presentation, Use of Accounting Estimates, and Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies.”

Note 19. New Accounting Pronouncements

Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

The following table presents a description of LivaNova’s adoption of a new ASU issued by the FASB and the impact of the adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements:

Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

The following table presents a description of future adoptions of new ASUs issued by the FASB that may have an impact on LivaNova’s consolidated financial statements when adopted:

Note 20. Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

As discussed in “Note 2. Basis of Presentation, Use of Accounting Estimates, and Significant Accounting Policies,” the Company identified and corrected an immaterial error related to the classification of certain employee costs in the Cardiopulmonary segment between cost of sales and selling, general, and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income (loss).

The following table presents a summary of the corrections to the impacted financial statement line items in the Company’s financial statements previously issued in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and unaudited Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (in thousands):

The following table presents a summary of the corrections to the impacted Cardiopulmonary disaggregated segment income table line items in “Note 17. Geographic and Segment Information” and “Note 10. Geographic and Segment Information” previously included in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and unaudited Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, respectively (in thousands):