Silvaco Group, Inc.

(Unaudited)

1. Description of Business

Silvaco Group, Inc. (“Silvaco” and the “Company” refers to Silvaco Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context specifically requires otherwise) was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on November 18, 2009. The Company is a provider of technology computer aided design (“TCAD”) software, electronic data automation (“EDA”) software and semiconductor intellectual property (“SIP”). TCAD, EDA and SIP solutions enable semiconductor companies to increase productivity, accelerate their products’ time-to-market and reduce their development and manufacturing costs. The Company’s TCAD solutions are used in the semiconductor industry to model and optimize manufacturing processes and device performance. The Company’s EDA software is used by semiconductor companies to design, simulate, and verify semiconductors. The Company’s SIP portfolio includes a range of products, including foundation technology, such as standard cells and memory compilers, as well as a suite of interface technologies. The Company’s customers include semiconductor manufacturers and systems companies that design and manufacture products containing semiconductors. Semiconductors are at the heart of innovation in many industries, including AI, display, power devices, automotive, memory, hyperscale and cloud computing, Internet of Things, telecommunications and many more.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

Basis of presentation and consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") and include the accounts of Silvaco and all of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries with operations in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2026, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, and 2025, are unaudited. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from these condensed consolidated financial statements, as permitted by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and regulations. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 12, 2026. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025, was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. In management’s opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s operating results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other future interim or annual period.

Emerging growth company status

The Company is an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that the Company (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. The Company’s most significant estimates relate to revenue recognition and the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets. Other estimates include, but are not limited to, current expected credit losses for accounts receivable and contract assets, stock-based compensation expense, contingent consideration, uncertain tax positions, legal contingencies and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentrations of credit risk

Accounts receivable from customers representing 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable were as follows:

• Customer accounted for less than 10% of total accounts receivable at period end.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 or 2025.

In addition to the concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables, the Company's cash on deposit with financial institutions is also exposed to concentration risk. The Company's cash on deposit with financial institutions is insured through various public and private bank deposit insurance programs, foreign and domestic; however, a significant portion of cash balances held as of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, exceeded insured limits.

As of September 30, 2026, $14.1 million, or 64%, of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents was maintained with two financial institutions, where the Company’s current deposits are in excess of federally insured limits, and $6.8 million, or 31%, was held by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss is composed of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities.

Foreign currencies

The financial statements of Silvaco's international subsidiaries with local functional currencies are translated to U.S. dollars upon consolidation. Assets and liabilities are translated at the effective exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Results of operations are translated at average exchange rates, which approximate rates in effect when the underlying transactions occur. The Company recorded foreign currency translation adjustments of $0.3 million and $20 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the same period in 2025, within accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Certain of the Company’s sales and intercompany transactions are denominated in foreign currencies. These transactions are recorded in functional currency at the appropriate exchange rate on the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the Company's functional currency or its subsidiaries' functional currencies are remeasured at the effective exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in Interest and other income (expense), net, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded a net foreign exchange transaction gain of $8 thousand and a loss of $0.1 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and a net foreign exchange transaction gain of $0.2 million and loss of $0.4 million for the same period in 2025.

Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Because the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, the diluted earnings per share are equal to the basic earnings per share as the effect of potentially dilutive securities would have been antidilutive.

The following outstanding securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect would be antidilutive.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss, total assets, total liabilities, or total stockholders' equity.

Recently adopted accounting standards

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This ASU provides a practical expedient that allows entities to estimate expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and contract assets assuming that conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2026, prospectively and the impact was not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting guidance issued and not yet adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires additional disclosure of certain amounts included in the expense captions presented on the statements of operations as well as disclosures about selling expenses. This ASU is effective on a prospective basis, with the option for retrospective application, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. This ASU eliminates the accounting consideration of software project development stages to align with the agile method for developing software and enhances the guidance related to assessing the probability of project completion. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenue

The Company's revenue is derived principally from software licensing, customization and related maintenance and services, which are generally accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns. Arrangements with both software licenses and customization services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price.

Revenue from software licenses is classified as software license revenue. Software license revenue is primarily recognized upfront upon delivery of the licensed software. Revenue associated with the license of the Company’s SIP is classified as software license revenue and recognized as revenue (i) upfront upon delivery of the standard SIP license, or (ii) over time when customization services are combined with the SIP license, as specific contractual milestones are met and incremental functionality is delivered to the customer.

Maintenance and service revenue, which consists of both PCS for software licenses and support services for SIP licenses, is recognized ratably over the term of the contract period. Professional services revenue, which is classified as maintenance and service revenue, is recognized based on when the Company delivers the related service pursuant to the terms of the arrangement.

Customer contracts

The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when both parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, each party’s rights and payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance, and it is probable the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration it is entitled to.

For multi-year software licenses, the Company generally invoices customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period.

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

As of September 30, 2026, approximately $53.2 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes both deferred revenue and backlog. The Company's backlog represents contracted future revenue associated with multi-year customer arrangements that have not yet been billed because the related annual billing period has not yet commenced. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 59% of these remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remaining balance recognized thereafter.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue is comprised mainly of unearned revenue related to PCS on software licenses and pending software license and SIP license deliveries. Deferred revenue also includes contracts for professional services to be performed in the future.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized revenue of $8.5 million that was included in the total deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2025. All other activity in deferred revenue is due to the timing of invoices in relation to the timing of revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, as described above.

4. Acquisitions

Optical Proximity Correction Suite of Tools

On March 4, 2025, the Company consummated an asset purchase agreement with Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (“Cadence”), pursuant to which, among other things, Silvaco agreed to acquire certain assets and assume certain liabilities comprising Cadence’s Process Proximity Compensation product line, an optical proximity correction suite of tools (the “OPC Business”), in exchange for $11.5 million in cash.

The Company expects that the addition of the OPC suite of tools and expert team, which are complementary to Silvaco’s EDA and TCAD suite, will enhance Silvaco’s ability to offer advanced computational lithography solutions that address the increasing complexity of semiconductor manufacturing at advanced nodes.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, and Silvaco recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. Silvaco recorded the excess of consideration transferred over the aggregate fair values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities as goodwill. The goodwill recorded was primarily attributable to synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and the value of the acquired workforce, and is expected to be deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

The following is a summary of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the OPC Business acquisition.

The fair value of developed technology was determined using a discounted cash flow model through application of the income approach, using the relief-from-royalty method, which assumed a market-based royalty rate applied to projected revenue. The fair value of customer relationships was determined using a discounted cash flow model under the income approach, specifically the multi-period excess earnings method, which discounts future cash flows attributable to existing customers, net of operating expenses and contributory asset charges.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred $0 and $0.6 million of acquisition-related expenses, respectively, in connection with the acquisition of the OPC Business, which were recognized in general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company didnot incur any acquisition-related expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.

Tech-X Corporation

On April 29, 2025, the Company consummated a stock purchase agreement with the shareholders of Tech-X Corporation (“Tech-X”), pursuant to which Silvaco agreed to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Tech-X for an aggregate purchase price of $8.2 million. The purchase consideration consisted of (i) $4.1 million in cash, (ii)457,666 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of $2.4 million on the closing date, and (iii) contingent consideration, with a maximum payout of $2.0 million, and with an estimated fair value of $1.7 million, payable upon the achievement of specified technical milestones through December 2026. In February 2026, the Company and one of the selling shareholders of Tech-X agreed to amend the form of payment of the contingent consideration and post-closing net working capital adjustments to be payable in shares of the Company’s common stock. As a result of the achievement of the first milestone and to settle the net working capital adjustments, the Company issued 167,281 shares of its common stock in February 2026 to a shareholder of Tech-X and recorded the issuance of shares at its fair value of $0.7 million in additional paid in capital. The Company paid the remainder of the earnout consideration attributable to the achievement of the first milestone to the other selling shareholders in cash of $43 thousand. The Company and the Tech-X selling shareholder representative also agreed to extend the date through which contingent consideration can be earned to July 2027. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the second earn-out milestone was achieved. As a result, the Company became obligated to pay cash of $0.1 million and issue 69,062 shares of common stock with a fair value of $0.7 million, which was recorded in additional paid in capital. During the three months ended September 30, 2026, the Company paid cash of $0.1 million and issued 69,062 shares of common stock to settle the second earn-out milestone achievement.

The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using a discounted cash flow model utilizing a probability weighted analysis, and is re-valued period to period with any changes recorded to interest expense and other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 14, Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional information.

The Company believes that integrating Tech-X’s advanced multi-physics simulation tools with Silvaco’s Victory TCAD platform will enhance customers’ ability to develop more accurate digital twin models for photonics, semiconductor devices and wafer-scale plasma etching.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The Company recognized the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the total consideration transferred over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill is primarily attributable to expected synergies from the integration of Tech-X’s technologies with the Company’s existing platform and the value of the acquired workforce. The goodwill is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

The following is a summary of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Tech-X acquisition.

The fair value of customer relationships was determined using a discounted cash flow model under the income approach, specifically the multi-period excess earnings method, which discounts future cash flows attributable to existing customers, net of operating expenses and contributory asset charges. The fair value of the developed technology and trade name intangibles were determined using a discounted cash flow model under the income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, which assumes a market-based royalty rate applied to projected revenues.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred $0 and $0.8 million of acquisition-related expenses in connection with the acquisition of Tech-X, which were recognized in general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company didnot incur acquisition-related expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.

Mixel Group, Inc.

On August 1, 2025, the Company consummated a stock purchase agreement with Mixel Group, Inc. (“Mixel”) and the shareholders of Mixel, pursuant to which Silvaco agreed to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Mixel for an aggregate purchase price of $22.5 million. The purchase consideration consisted of (i) $19.7 million in cash and (ii)643,617 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of $2.8 million on the closing date.

The Company believes that Mixel’s low-power connectivity silicon IP solutions complements Silvaco’s offerings and will position the Company for higher growth in low-power, high-performance connectivity solutions.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The Company recognized the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the total consideration transferred over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill is primarily attributable to synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and the value of the acquired workforce. The goodwill is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

The following is a summary of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Mixel acquisition.

The fair value of customer relationships was determined using a discounted cash flow model under the income approach, specifically the multi-period excess earnings method, which discounts future cash flows attributable to existing customers, net of operating expenses and contributory asset charges. The fair value of developed technology and tradename was determined using a discounted cash flow model under the income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, which assumes a market-based royalty rate applied to projected revenues.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred $1.4 million and $2.0 million in acquisition-related expenses, respectively, in connection with the acquisition of Mixel, recognized in general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company didnot incur acquisition-related expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.

5. Restructuring

In October 2025, the Company began implementing targeted cost-savings initiatives intended to streamline the Company’s organizational structure, improve execution, and enhance stockholder value (the “Restructuring Plan”). The Company announced a voluntary early retirement program and a voluntary exit program available to certain employees in the United States, Asia, and Europe that met the eligibility criteria. Participating employees received acceleration of any unvested RSUs held by the participating employees together with a grant of fully vested shares, such that the total value of the accelerated RSUs and additional shares was equal to four, six, or twelve months of the participating employee’s salary. In connection with the Restructuring Plan, on November 24, 2025, the Company also announced an involuntary reduction in force in the United States, which has continued during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026. The Company expects to incur up to $5.0 million of costs in connection with the Restructuring Plan that primarily consists of severance costs for 85 terminated employees and other costs such as the site closures as part of its global site strategy. Of the total expected costs, $0.2 million and $2.6 million were incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively. The Company expects to complete the Restructuring Plan in 2026.

The Company has $0.5 million and $0.1 million of remaining obligations related to the Restructuring Plan as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, which are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the change in the Company’s restructuring accrual balances during the reported period (in thousands):

Restructuring expenses are included within operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 (in thousands):

6. Intangible Assets

As of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, intangible assets were classified as follows:

On January 1, 2026, the Company retired $0.8 million of intangible assets that were fully amortized.

Amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, and 2025 was:

As of September 30, 2026, estimated future amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was as follows:

7. Related Parties

The Company has a commercial lease agreement with Kipee International, Inc., a related party controlled by a principal stockholder and member of the Company’s board of directors, for Silvaco's corporate office in Santa Clara, California. In connection with this lease arrangement, which expires on April 30, 2028, the Company recorded rent expense of $0.1 million in each of the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 and $0.2 million in each of the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. The Company's right-of-use asset and operating lease liability for this property is $0.4 million as of September 30, 2026.

The Company has international office leases with New Horizons (Cambridge) LTD (“NHC”) and New Horizons France (“NHF”) in Cambridgeshire, England and Grenoble, France, respectively. NHC and NHF are real estate entities owned and controlled by a principal stockholder and member of the Company’s board of directors. In connection with these lease arrangements, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of rent expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, and 2025. The NHF lease expired during the second quarter of 2026 and the Company extended the lease for an additional three months. Under the extended NHF lease, the Company did not record a right-of-use asset and lease liability as the lease is a short-term lease. During the three months ended September 30, 2026, the short-term NHF lease expired and was not renewed.

During the second quarter of 2026, the Company terminated its existing lease with NHC and executed a new office lease with NHC. Accordingly, the Company derecognized the right-of-use asset and operating lease liability of $0.7 million at the time of termination. Under the new NHC lease, the Company did not record a right-of-use asset and lease liability as the lease is a short-term lease.

In May 2025, the Company and two of our principal stockholders and members of our board of directors (the “Co-Defendants”) agreed to a Settlement Agreement in connection with a trial court judgment awarded to the Nangate Parties. The $32.5 million settlement (the “Settlement Payment”) consisted of $16.0 million paid on June 18, 2025, $4.1 million paid on August 15, 2025, $4.1 million paid on November 14, 2025, and a final payment of $8.3 million on February 13, 2026. Following the execution of the Settlement Agreement, the Co-Defendants, each a principal stockholder of the Company and a member of the Company’s board of directors, executed an apportionment agreement with the Company under which the Co-Defendants agreed to bear 25% of the Settlement Payment, with the Company bearing the remaining 75%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company made the final payment of $8.3 million and as of September 30, 2026, there is no remaining liability under the Settlement Agreement. Refer to Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information.

8. Debt and Financing Obligations

Convertible note

On August 6, 2026, the Company issued an unsecured convertible promissory note with a principal amount of $10.0 million (the “Note”) to Micron Technology, Inc. (“Micron”), a customer of the Company. The Note bears interest at 8.0% per annum, with accrued interest payable through conversion. The Note and accrued interest automatically convert into common stock on the earlier of (i) August 7, 2028, or (ii) upon a change of control, at a conversion price equal to the lower of 90% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the conversion date or 115% of the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading day immediately before the issuance date of the Note. In addition, the conversion price will be reduced by 10 basis points for each of six specified development projects that the Company has not completed by the date of conversion. Conversion of the Note is subject to stockholder approval to the extent the Note converts into shares of common stock in excess of 19.99% of outstanding shares of the Company. If stockholder approval is not obtained, the Company may be required to settle the portion exceeding that limitation in cash. All future indebtedness is expressly subordinated to the Company’s obligations under the Note while the Note is outstanding.

The Company determined that the feature that allowed for settlement of the Note into a variable number of shares required bifurcation as a derivative liability. The derivative was initially recorded at fair value, with the residual proceeds allocated to the Note. At issuance, the Company recorded an embedded derivative liability and a corresponding debt discount of $3.2 million, and the Note was recorded at $6.8 million. In addition, debt issuance costs of $0.1 million are presented as a direct deduction from the Note’s carrying amount. The resulting debt discount, together with debt issuance costs, is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method through August 7, 2028. The embedded derivative liability is presented together with the Note in convertible note payable, non-current on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The embedded derivative is remeasured at fair value each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in interest and other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized a loss on the fair value of the embedded derivative of $19 thousand.

Vendor financing obligation

On April 11, 2024, the Company amended its license to use, perform, display, copy, reproduce, modify, adapt, alter, customize, translate or otherwise create derivative works based on certain technology of NXP Semiconductors Netherlands B.V. to develop and make licensed designs for the Company’s account, and to market, demonstrate, promote, sell, offer to sell, distribute and otherwise dispose of such licensed designs for total cash consideration of $6.0 million, to be paid over 5 years, pursuant to which the Company recorded an associated vendor financing obligation, which has a balance of $3.4 million and $3.2 million as of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company determined that this vendor financing obligation had an imputed interest rate of 9%, which is reflective of its borrowing rate for arrangements with similar terms. The Company recognized interest expense of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the same period in 2025, respectively. The Company’s vendor financing obligation is comprised of the following payments as of September 30, 2026:

9. Significant Balance Sheet Components

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

(a)Balance reflects commissions paid for new contracts, primarily new multi-year term license arrangements to be amortized over the anticipated customer life offive years.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

(a)Silvaco has entered into various renewable license agreements under which the Company has been granted access to the licensor's technology and the right to sell the technology in its product line. Royalties are payable to developers of the software at various rates and amounts, which generally are based upon unit sales, revenue or flat fees. Royalty fees are reported in cost of revenue upon delivery pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Company’s contractual obligations.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company accelerated 9,092 and 124,391 RSUs and recognized $0.1 million and $0.8 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the acceleration and grant of fully vested shares related to the Restructuring Plan, respectively. Refer to Note 5, Restructuring, for additional information.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had a bonus accrual of $0.7 million that was expected to be paid in cash. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company amended the bonus terms and settled the liability in shares of common stock. Accordingly, the Company reversed the bonus accrual and recorded the issuance of common stock of $0.7 million in additional paid-in capital.

The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense of $2.2 million and $8.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, as compared to $3.1 million and $7.5 million, for the same period in 2025, respectively. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by function for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, and 2025:

As of September 30, 2026, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $14.3 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.

11. Income Taxes

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, as compared to $3.6 million and $4.0 million during the same period in 2025, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, was 1% and 4%, respectively, as compared to 41% and 10% during the same period in 2025, respectively.

The Company determines its income tax provision or benefit for interim periods using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate adjusted for discrete items occurring during the periods presented. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 is primarily attributable to foreign income taxes, the effect of certain permanent differences, the release of tax reserves, and a full valuation allowance against US net deferred tax assets. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate for the same periods in 2025 is primarily attributable to foreign income taxes, the effect of certain permanent differences, and the release of a valuation allowance from acquired deferred tax liabilities.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions and certain foreign jurisdictions. There are no audits currently underway for federal, state, local, and foreign authorities. All tax years remain open to examination by major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject for a period of 3 years for federal, 4 years for states, and 4 or more years for foreign jurisdictions, after the utilization of net operating losses and credits.

12. Segment Reporting

The Company manages its operations through an evaluation of a consolidated business segment that solves semiconductor design challenges by offering artificial intelligence (“AI”) driven manufacturing solutions, including TCAD and multi-physics software and our Fab Technology Co-Optimization (FTCO™) solution, and AI-driven design solutions, including EDA software and semiconductor design IP, to support engineers and researchers across the globe. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is the Company’s CEO, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company’s operations constitute a single operating segment andone reportable segment.

The CODM considers its payroll expenses when making decisions about how to allocate operating and capital resources, as well as the Company’s overall performance against its budget. The following table presents a summary of revenue, payroll expenses, and total other expenses as a reconciliation to condensed consolidated net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, and 2025.