TERADATA CORP /DE/

1. Basis of Presentation

These statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and, in accordance with those rules and regulations, do not include all information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of Teradata Corporation ("Teradata" or the "Company") for the interim periods presented herein. The year-end 2024 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may vary from these estimates.

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Teradata’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 Annual Report"). The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU")No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." This standard enhances disclosures related to income taxes, including the rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. This ASU became effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are assessing the impact of this ASU and upon adoption may be required to include certain additional disclosures in the footnotes to our annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (ASU 2024-03). The new guidance requires disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items on an annual and interim basis. This guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning the year ended December 31, 2027 and for interim periods thereafter. The new standard permits early adoption and can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (ASU 2025-06). The new guidance eliminates the requirement to classify software development costs by project stage, instead, entities now capitalize internal-use software costs when management has both authorized and committed funding for the project and it is probable the software will be completed and used as intended. This guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted and the standard may be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or using a modified approach. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents a disaggregation of revenue:

• Prior period information has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Rental revenue, which is included in recurring revenue in the above table, was as follows:

*Rental revenue includes hardware maintenance.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, contract assets, and customer advances and deposits (deferred revenue or contract liabilities) on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Accounts receivable include amounts due from customers that are unconditional. Contract assets relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for goods delivered or services completed and recognized as revenue but billing and the right to receive payment is conditional upon the completion of other performance obligations. Contract assets are included in other current assets on the balance sheet and are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. Deferred revenue consists of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Deferred revenue is classified as either current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize revenue. These assets and liabilities are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue from contracts with customers:

Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was$432 million.

Transaction Price Allocated to Unsatisfied Obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to the Company's unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) obligations at September 30, 2025:

The amounts above represent the price of firm orders for which work has not been performed or goods have not been delivered and exclude unexercised contract options outside the stated contractual term that do not represent material rights to the customer. Although the Company believes that the contract value in the above table is firm, approximately $997 million of the amount is under contracts that are subject to customer-only general cancellation for convenience terms that the Company is contractually obligated to perform unless the customer notifies us of cancellation. The Company expects to recognize revenue of approximately $459 million in the next year from contracts that are non-cancelable. The Company believes the inclusion of this information is important to understanding the obligations that the Company is contractually required to perform and provides useful information regarding remaining obligations related to these executed contracts.

4. Contract Costs

The Company capitalizes sales commissions and other contract costs that are incremental direct costs of obtaining customer contracts if the expected amortization period of the asset is greater than one year. These costs are recorded in capitalized contract costs, net on the Company’s balance sheet. The capitalized amounts are calculated based on the annual recurring revenue and contract value for individual multi-term contracts. The judgments made in determining the amount of costs incurred include whether the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. Costs to obtain a contract are amortized as selling, general and administrative expenses on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which is typically around four years. These costs are periodically reviewed for impairment. The following table identifies the activity relating to capitalized contract costs:

5. Supplemental Financial Information

Argentina Blue Chip Swap Transaction

The Central Bank of Argentina maintains currency controls that limit our ability to access United States ("U.S.") dollars in Argentina and remit cash from our Argentine operations. There is a foreign exchange mechanism known as Blue Chip Swaps, which effectively results in a parallel U.S. dollar exchange rate. The Company completed a Blue Chip Swap transaction during the three months ended September 30, 2025, that resulted in animmaterial pre-tax loss on investment and a cumulative pre-tax loss of$1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The Company didnot transact any Blue Chip Swaps during the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we entered into Blue Chip Swap transactions in order to remit cash from our Argentine operations that resulted in pre-tax loss on investment of $3 million.

6. Income Taxes

Income tax provisions for interim periods are based on estimated annual income tax rates, adjusted to reflect the effects of any significant infrequent or unusual items which are required to be discretely recognized within the current interim period. The Company expects that a majority of its foreign earnings will be repatriated back to the U.S. As a result, the effective tax rates in the periods presented are largely based upon the forecasted pre-tax earnings mix and allocation of certain expenses in various taxing jurisdictions where the Company conducts its business.

The effective tax rate is as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company hadno material discrete tax adjustments.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded $1 million of net discrete tax benefit, as the discrete tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of 2025 related to the reversal of uncertain tax positions due to the Company's completion of its IRS audit of its 2020 tax return, was mostly offset by incremental tax expense from stock-based compensation vesting.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $3 million of net discrete tax expense, a majority of which related to additional tax expense from stock-based compensation vesting.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted. The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing and the business interest expense limitation, among other tax changes. While the Company continues to assess the impact of the tax provisions and elections available under the OBBBA on its consolidated financial statements, the Company currently believes that the tax provisions of the legislation are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate and statement of operations.

Effective January 1, 2024, many jurisdictions wherethe Company conducts business, including several European Union members and G20 countries, have enacted a 15% global minimum tax on the income generated in each of the jurisdictions in whichthe Company operates, referred to as "Pillar Two" of the Global Anti-Base Erosion rules framework that was undertaken by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD"). The Company continues to monitor developments and evaluate the impacts of the Pillar Two rules, however, as of the date of this Report on Form 10-Q, the Company does not expect the Pillar Two rules to have a material impact to its annual effective tax rate.

The Company estimates its annual effective tax rate for 2025 to be approximately 27%, which takes into consideration, among other things, the forecasted earnings mix by jurisdiction and the impact of discrete tax items to be recognized in 2025. Under U.S. tax law, U.S. shareholders are subject to a tax on global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company has elected to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year in which the tax is incurred. The Company is currently forecasting approximately$2 million of tax expense related to GILTI in our marginal effective tax rate for 2025.

7. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

As a portion of Teradata’s operations is conducted outside the U.S. and in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the Company is exposed to potential gains and losses from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. In an attempt to mitigate the impact of currency fluctuations, the Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge transactional exposures resulting predominantly from foreign currency denominated inter-company receivables and payables. The forward contracts are designated as fair value hedges of specified foreign currency denominated inter-company receivables and payables and generally mature in three months or less. The fair values of foreign exchange contracts are based on market spot and forward exchange rates and represent estimates of possible value that may not be realized in the future. Across its portfolio of contracts, Teradata has both long and short positions relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, Teradata’s net exposure is less than the total contract notional amount of the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts.

Gains and losses from foreign exchange forward contracts are fully recognized each period and reported along with the offsetting gain or loss of the related hedged item, either in cost of revenues, operating expenses or in other income (expense), depending on the nature of the related hedged item.

During June 2022, Teradata entered into a cross-currency swap designated as a net investment hedge, to hedge the Euro currency exposure of its net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries. This agreement is a contract to exchange fixed-rate payments in one currency for fixed-rate payments in another currency. Changes in the fair value of this swap are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in the same manner as foreign currency translation adjustments. In assessing the effectiveness of this hedge, the Company used a method based on changes in spot rates to measure the impact of the foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on both its foreign subsidiary net investment and the related swap.

The cross-currency swap contract has an expiration date of June 29, 2026. At maturity of the cross-currency swap contract, the Company will deliverthe notional amount of €143 million and will receive $150 million from the counterparty. The Company will receive monthly interest payments from the counterparty based on a fixed interest rate until maturity of the agreements.

On June 28, 2022, Teradata executed afive-year Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") interest rate swap, to fix the interest rate on approximately 90% of the principal balance of the $500 million term loan, with an initial notional amount of $450 million. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risks on future interest payments caused by interest rate changes on its variable rate term loan. The notional amount of the hedge steps down according to the amortization schedule of the term loan. The notional amount of the hedge was $422 million as of September 30, 2025.

The Company performed an initial effectiveness assessment on the interest rate swap and the net investment hedge foreign currency swap, and the hedges were determined to be effective. The hedges are being evaluated qualitatively on a quarterly basis for effectiveness. Changes in fair value are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and periodic settlements of the swap will be recorded in interest expense along with the interest on amounts outstanding under the term loan.

The following table identifies the contract notional amount of the Company’s derivative financial instruments:

All derivatives are recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at their fair value. The notional amounts represent agreed-upon amounts on which calculations of dollars to be exchanged are based and are an indication of the extent of Teradata’s involvement in such instruments. These notional amounts do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a measure of the instruments. Refer to Note 9 for disclosures related to the fair value of all derivative assets and liabilities.

The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes, nor does it hold or issue leveraged derivative instruments. By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in foreign exchange and interest rates, the Company exposes itself to credit risk. The Company manages exposure to counterparty credit risk by entering into derivative financial instruments with highly rated institutions that can be expected to fully perform under the terms of the applicable contracts.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings. In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits, governmental investigations, claims and other matters, including those that relate to the environment, health and safety, employee benefits, export compliance, intellectual property, tax matters and other regulatory compliance and general matters, including for Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and shareholder matters. It is not currently a party to any litigation, nor is it aware of any pending or threatened litigation against it that the Company believes would materially affect its business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows, other than the following.

On June 19, 2018, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries filed a lawsuit (the "TD-SAP 1" suit) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against SAP SE, SAP America, Inc., and SAP Labs, LLC (collectively, "SAP"). In the TD-SAP 1 lawsuit, the Company alleged, among other things, that SAP misappropriated certain of the Company’s trade secrets within the Company’s enterprise data analytics and warehousing products and used such trade secrets to help develop, improve, introduce, and sell one or more competing products. The Company further alleged that SAP employed anticompetitive practices using its substantial market position in the enterprise resource planning applications market to pressure the Company’s customers and prospective customers to use one or more of SAP's competing products and reduce or eliminate customers' and prospective customers' use of the Company's offerings. The Company sought an injunction barring SAP’s alleged conduct, monetary damages, and other available legal and equitable relief. In July 2019, SAP filed patent infringement counterclaims against the Company based onfive of SAP’s U.S. patents. On August 31, 2020, the Company filed a second lawsuit against SAP (the "TD-SAP 2" suit) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, in which the Company alleged infringement by SAP offour of the Company's U.S. patents. On February 16, 2021, SAP filed additional patent infringement counterclaims against the Company in response. On the same day, SAP also filed a lawsuit in Germany (the "TD-SAP 3" suit) for infringement of a single German patent. In November 2021, the district court dismissed the Company’s antitrust claims and most of its trade secret claims in the TD-SAP 1 suit. In December 2021, the Company appealed that decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington, D.C. That Court ruled the appeal should be decided by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and transferred the appeal to the Ninth Circuit, where a three-judge panel heard oral arguments on February 12, 2024. Soon after, the Company and SAP entered into a partial settlement agreement that resulted in full dismissal of all claims and counterclaims in the TD-SAP 2 suit in California and the TD-SAP 3 suit in Germany, as well as a stay of all claims and counterclaims remaining in the TD-SAP 1 suit pending resolution of the Company’s appeal. On December 19, 2024, the Ninth Circuit panel ruled in the Company’s favor, overturning the district court’s summary judgment decision with respect both to the antitrust claims and the trade secret claims, and remanding to the district court for further proceedings. On January 23, 2025, SAP petitioned the Ninth Circuit for rehearingen banc. The Ninth Circuit denied SAP’s rehearing petition on March 4, 2025, and issued its mandate returning the case to the district court on April 1, 2025. On June 2, 2025, SAP petitioned for awrit of certiorari ("cert") to the Supreme Court challenging the Ninth Circuit’s reasoning on applicability of theper se rule to the Company’s antitrust claim. The Supreme Court denied SAP’scert petition on October 6, 2025. Trial is set to begin with jury selection on March 30, 2026, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Currently, it is not possible to determine the likelihood of a loss or a reasonably estimated range of loss, if any, pertaining to any of SAP’s remaining patent counterclaims in the TD-SAP 1 lawsuit.

On June 14, 2024, a putative securities class action lawsuit was filed against the Company and certain of its officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California (the "Court"), captioned Ostrander v. Teradata Corporation, No. 24-cv-01034 (S.D. Cal.). The complaint asserts claims for alleged violations of federal securities laws related to statements concerning the Company’s business and 2023 financial outlook for Total ARR and Public Cloud ARR. The plaintiff seeks to represent a class of certain persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s stock during the period from February 13, 2023 to February 12, 2024 and seeks unspecified damages and other relief. On December 6, 2024, the lead plaintiff in the case filed an amended complaint, after which the Company filed a motion to dismiss on February 4, 2025. On September 26, 2025, the Court granted the motion to dismiss in full with leave to amend. Plaintiff elected not to file an amended complaint and will have 30 days from entry of final judgment to file a notice of appeal.

There are two pending shareholder derivative actions that adopt similar allegations as the securities class action and assert claims purportedly on behalf of Teradata and against the Company’s directors and officers. Brennan v. McMillan, et al., Case No. 25-cv-02113-BEN-BLM (S.D. Cal.); Lipshutz v. McMillan, et al., Case No. 25-cv-01121-CAB-MSB (S.D. Cal.). These cases have been consolidated and are currently stayed. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of any potential financial loss or cost that could result from Ostrander or the ancillary lawsuits at this stage of the litigation.

Other Contingencies. Additionally, the Company provides its customers with certain indemnification rights. In general, the Company agrees to indemnify the customer if a third party asserts patent or other infringement on the part of the customer for its use of the Company’s offerings. The Company has indemnification obligations under its charter and bylaws to its officers and directors, and has entered into indemnification agreements with the officers and directors of its subsidiaries. From time to time, the Company also enters into agreements in connection with its acquisition and divestiture activities that include indemnification obligations by the Company. The fair value of these indemnification obligations is typically not readily determinable due to the conditional nature of the Company’s potential obligations and the specific facts and circumstances involved with each particular agreement.

As such, the Company has generally not recorded a liability in connection with these indemnification arrangements. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Concentrations of Risk. The Company is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk on accounts receivable and financial instruments such as hedging instruments, and cash and cash equivalents. Credit risk includes the risk of nonperformance by counterparties. The maximum potential loss may exceed the amount recognized on the balance sheet. Exposure to credit risk is managed through credit approvals, credit limits, selecting major international financial institutions (as counterparties to hedging transactions) and monitoring procedures. Teradata’s business often involves large transactions with customers, and if one or more of those customers were to default in its obligations under applicable contractual arrangements, the Company could be exposed to potentially significant losses. However, management believes that the reserves for potential losses were adequate at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company is also potentially subject to concentrations of supplier risk. Our hardware components are assembled primarily by Flex Ltd. ("Flex"). Flex procures a wide variety of components used in the manufacturing process on behalf of the Company. Although many of these components are available from multiple sources, Teradata utilizes preferred supplier relationships to provide more consistent and optimal quality, cost and delivery. Typically, these preferred suppliers maintain alternative processes and/or facilities to ensure continuity of supply. Given the Company’s strategy to outsource its manufacturing activities to Flex and to source certain components from single suppliers, a disruption in production at Flex or at a supplier could impact the timing of customer shipments and/or Teradata’s operating results. In addition, a significant change in the forecasts to any of these preferred suppliers could result in purchase obligations for components that may be in excess of demand.

9. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value measurements are established utilizing a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or quoted prices in less-active markets for identical assets; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include money market funds, interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps and foreign currency exchange contracts. A portion of the Company’s excess cash reserves are held in money market funds which generate interest income based on the prevailing market rates. Money market funds are included in cash and cash equivalents in the Company’s balance sheet. Money market fund holdings are measured at fair value using quoted market prices and are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

When deemed appropriate, the Company minimizes its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates through the use of derivative financial instruments, specifically, foreign exchange forward contracts. Additionally, in June 2022, Teradata executed afive-year interest rate swap with a $450 million initial notional amount in order to hedge the variable interest rate on its term loan and afour-year cross-currency swap with initial notional amounts of €143 million/$150 million, as a net investment hedge to hedge the Euro currency exposure of our net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries. The fair value of these contracts and swaps are measured at the end of each interim reporting period using observable inputs other than quoted prices, specifically market spot and forward exchange rates. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Fair value of unrealized gains for open contracts are recorded in other assets and the fair value of unrealized losses are recorded in other liabilities in the Company's balance sheet (classified between current and long-term by their remaining duration). The fair value of foreign exchange forward contract assets and liabilities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was not material. Realized gains and losses from the Company’s fair value and net investment hedges net of corresponding gains or losses on the underlying exposures were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The Company’s other assets and other liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and subject to fair value disclosure requirements at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

10. Debt

On June 28, 2022, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement that provides for (i) afive-year unsecured term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $500 million (the "Term Loan"), and (ii) afive-year unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $400 million, including a $50 million sublimit for the issuance of standby letters of credit and a $50 million sublimit for swingline loans (the "Revolving Facility" and, collectively with the Term Loan, the "Credit Facility").

All outstanding borrowings pursuant to the Revolving Facility are due and payable on June 28, 2027, however, the maturity date of the Revolving Facility may be extended by agreement of the parties for up totwo additionalone-year periods. The Term Loan is payable in quarterly installments, which commenced on June 30, 2024, with 1.25% of the initial principal amount due on each of the first twelve payment dates, with all remaining principal due on June 28, 2027. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, Teradata from time to time and subject to certain conditions may increase the lending commitments under the Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount up to an additional $450 million, to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional commitments. The outstanding principal amount of the Credit Facility bears interest at a floating rate based upon, at Teradata’s option, a negotiated base rate or an adjusted term SOFR rate, plus in each case, a margin based on the Company's leverage ratio. As disclosed in Note 7, in June 2022, Teradata entered into an interest rate swap to hedge approximately 90% (or$422 million as of September 30, 2025) of the floating interest rate of the total$500 million Term Loan and a cross currency swap to hedge a portion of Euro currency exposure of its net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries.

The Credit Facility is unsecured but is guaranteed by certain of Teradata’s material domestic subsidiaries and contains certain customary representations and warranties, default provisions, and affirmative and negative covenants, including, among others, covenants regarding the maintenance of a leverage ratio and covenants relating to financial reporting, compliance with laws, subsidiary indebtedness, liens, sale and leaseback transactions, mergers and other fundamental changes, and entry into certain restrictive agreements. Most of the covenants are subject to materiality, thresholds, and exceptions. On September 21, 2023, the Credit Agreement was amended to establish key performance indicators with respect to certain environmental, social, and governance ("ESG") targets, pursuant to which certain positive or negative adjustments would be made to various fees and applicable margin based on Teradata’s performance against such ESG targets.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company hadno borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Facility, leaving$400 million in borrowing capacity available under the Revolving Facility and the Term Loan principal outstanding was$463 million. The Term Loan is recognized on the Company's balance sheet at the unpaid principal balance, net of deferred issuance costs, and is not subject to fair value measurement. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2025.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the blended all-in interest rate on the Credit Facility was 4.14% and 4.21%, respectively.

11. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reported period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share, except that the weighted average number of shares outstanding includes the dilution from potential shares resulting from stock options, restricted stock awards and other stock awards. The components of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

Options to purchase 0.1 million shares in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices of these options were greater than the average market price of the common shares for the period, and therefore would have been anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive options excluded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

12. Segment and Other Supplemental Information

On August 5, 2024, Teradata announced that it realigned its sales function and initiated global restructuring to optimize operations. Due to these organizational changes Teradata now manages its business undertwo segments, which are also the Company’s operating segments: (1) Product Sales and (2) Consulting Services. The Company’s Product Sales segment represents the results for the Recurring Revenue and Perpetual Software Licenses, Hardware and Other line items and the Consulting Services segment represents the Consulting Services line item, each as disclosed in the Company’s financial statements and in the tables in this Form 10-Q. For purposes of discussing results by segment, management excludes the impact of certain items, consistent with the manner by which management evaluates the performance of each segment. This format is useful to investors because it allows analysis and comparability of operating trends. It also includes the same information that is used by Teradata management to make decisions regarding the segments and to assess financial performance. The chief operating decision maker, who is the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the performance of the segments based on revenue and multiple profit measures, including segment gross profit. For management reporting purposes, assets are not allocated to the segments. Prior period segment information has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

The following table presents segment revenue and segment gross profit for the Company:

(1) Cost of Product Sales, for the three months ended September 30, included product costs of $60 million in 2025 and $55 million in 2024 for Public Cloud fees and direct product and third-party software costs associated with the Company's perpetual product sales. Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, included in Cost of Product Sales, was $18 million in 2025, and $19 million in 2024. The remaining cost of Product Sales included payroll and benefits costs, and corporate allocations including back-office information technology, real estate, and other support services. Cost of Product Sales, for the nine months ended September 30, included product costs of $183 million in 2025 and $164 million in 2024 for Public Cloud fees and direct product and third-party software costs associated with the Company's perpetual product sales. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, included in Cost of Product Sales, was $53 million in 2025, and $60 million in 2024. The remaining cost of Product Sales included payroll and benefits costs, and corporate allocations including back-office information technology, real estate, and other support services.

(2)Cost of Consulting Services, for the three months ended September 30, included payroll and benefit costs of $29 million in 2025 and $35 million in 2024. The remaining cost of Consulting Services included corporate allocations, including back-office information technology, real estate, and other support services. Cost of Consulting Services, for the nine months ended September 30, included payroll and benefit costs of $94 million in 2025 and $106 million in 2024. The remaining cost of Consulting Services included corporate allocations, including back-office information technology, real estate, and other support services.

Certain items, including stock-based compensation and reorganization-related costs, were excluded from segment gross profit to conform to the way the Company manages and reviews the results by segment.

13. Reorganization and Business Transformation

On August 5, 2024, the Company announced that it realigned its sales function and initiated global restructuring and cost actions to optimize operations, reduce non-revenue generating expenses, and drive efficiencies for long-term growth and profitability (the "Restructuring"). The majority of the actions related to the Restructuring have been completed as of September 30, 2025, with remaining actions to be substantially completed by early 2026.

The Company expects that the majority of the costs relating to the Restructuring will include one-time employee separation benefits, transition support, and other employee-related costs. The Company expects that it will incur total charges related to the Restructuring in the range of approximately $20 to $25 million. The Company recognized costs of $14 million related to the Restructuring in 2024. The Company expects to recognize the remainder of these charges during 2025. Cash expenditures related to these actions are estimated at approximately $45 to $50 million. The Company recorded $14 million of cash payments from these actions in 2024. Approximately $25 to $30 million are expected to occur during 2025, with the remaining payments being made in 2026.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized cost of revenue of $2 million for employee severance and other employee-related costs associated with the Restructuring and $4 million in selling, general and administrative expenses were recorded. There was no impact to the segment gross profit.

Cash paid related to the Restructuring was $19 million in 2025. Not included in the table below are approximately $11 million in 2025 of cash payments for international employees which did not have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as the Company accounts for its International postemployment benefits under Accounting Standards Codification 712, Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits ("ASC 712"), which uses actuarial estimates to accrue for severance benefits over the course of employees' service period.

The estimate of the savings (and any reinvestment thereof), costs, charges, and cash expenditures that the Company expects to incur in connection with the Restructuring, and the timing thereof, are subject to a number of assumptions, including local law requirements in various jurisdictions, and actual amounts may differ materially from the estimates. In addition, the Company may incur other costs and charges not currently contemplated due to unanticipated events that may occur, including in connection with the implementation of the Restructuring.

The Company may enter into additional restructuring programs and incur future additional restructuring expenses associated with these plans or new plans. At this time, we are unable to estimate the range of costs associated with any such future phases of any of our restructuring programs or the total costs we may incur in connection with such future programs.

The 2025 activity and the reserves related to the Restructuring are as follows: