Mama's Creations, Inc.

January 31, 2025

Note 1 -Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

Mama's Creations, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), (formerly known as MamaMancini's Holdings, Inc. and Mascot Properties, Inc.) was organized on July 22, 2009 as a Nevada corporation. The Company has a fiscal year-end of January 31.

Our subsidiary, MamaMancini’s Inc. (“MamaMancinis”), is a marketer, manufacturer and distributor of beef and turkey meatballs with sauce, grilled, roasted and breaded chicken, sausage & peppers, and other similar meats and sauces. In addition, the Company continues to diversify its product line by introducing new products such as ready-to-serve meals, single-size pasta and rice bowls, bulk deli, and packaged refrigerated protein products. MamaMancini's products feature many all-natural meals that were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture (the “USDA”) and approved as all-natural. The USDA defines "all-natural" as a product that contains no artificial ingredients, coloring ingredients or chemical preservatives and is minimally processed.

Our Subsidiary T&L Acquisition Corp. is a premier gourmet food manufacturer based in New York. T&L Acquisition Corp. DBA T&L Creative Salads (“T&L”) and Olive Branch (“OB”), offers a full line of foods for retail food chains and club stores, delis, bagel stores, caterers and provision distributors. T&L uses high-quality meats, seafood and vegetables, prepared to meet the standards set forth by the USDA and the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"). Olive Branch concentrates on selling olives, olive mixes, and savory products to large retail customers, primarily in pre-packaged containers.

On June 28, 2022, the Company acquired a 24% minority interest in Chef Inspirational Foods, LLC (“CIF”), a leading developer, innovator, marketer and sales company selling prepared foods, for an investment of $1.2 million. The investment consists of $500 thousand in cash and $700 thousand in the Company’s common stock. The acquisition of the interest in CIF was accounted for under the equity method of accounting for investments up until the Company acquired the remaining interest of CIF. On June 28, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of the remaining 76% of CIF, in accordance with the terms of the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated June 28, 2023 by and among the Company, Siegel Suffolk Family, LLC, and R&I Loeb Family, LLC (the “Sellers”) for approximately$3.7 million, including approximately$1.0 million in cash at closing and a $2.7 million promissory note (the "CIF Acquisition"). The promissory note required a principal payment of$1.2 million in cash on the first anniversary of the closing date (which was made during the year ended January 31, 2025), and a payment of$1.5 million in common stock of the Company on the second anniversary of the closing date.

The following presents the unaudited results of operations for the period June 28, 2022 (minority interest acquisition date) through January 31, 2023 and from February 1, 2023 through June 28, 2023 (CIF Acquisition date)of CIF (in thousands).

Note 2 -Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries as of the reporting period ending dates and for the reporting periods. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts in the prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions impact, among others, the following: allowance for credit losses, the fair value of stock-based compensation, inventory reserves, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and estimates for unrealized returns, discounts, and other variable considerations that are netted against revenue.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from our estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company operates in an industry that is subject to intense competition and changes in consumer demand. The Company’s operations are subject to significant risk and uncertainties including financial and operational risks including the potential risk of business failure.

The Company has experienced, and in the future expects to continue to experience, variability in sales and earnings. The factors expected to contribute to this variability include, among others, (i) the cyclical nature of the grocery industry, (ii) general economic conditions in the various local markets in which the Company competes, including a potential general downturn in the economy, and (iii) the volatility of prices pertaining to food and beverages in connection with the Company’s distribution of the product. These factors, among others, make it difficult to project the Company’s operating results on a consistent basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an origianal maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at one financial institution, which at January 31, 2025, exceeded insured amounts by approximately $6.2 million. The Company believes it mitigates such risk by having this cash held by a major financial institution.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company generally does not require collateral to support customer receivables. Estimated product returns are immaterial. Management assesses the collectability of outstanding customer invoices, and maintains an allowance resulting from the expected non-collection of customer receivables. In estimating this reserve, management considers factors such as historical collection experience, customer creditworthiness, specific customer risk, and current and expected general economic conditions. Customer balances are written off after all collection efforts are exhausted. As of January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, the reserve for uncollectible accounts was approximately $93 thousand and $93 thousand, respectively. For the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 the Company wrote off approximately $0 thousand, $140 thousand, and $0 thousand, respectively, against the allowance for credit losses established.

Inventories

The Company values its inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value (“NRV”). NRV is defined as estimated selling prices less costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The cost of inventory is determined on the first-in, first-out basis. The cost of finished goods inventories includes ingredients, direct labor, freight-in for ingredients, and indirect production and overhead costs. The Company monitors its inventory to identify excess or obsolete items on hand.

The Company reviews inventory quantities on hand and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on selling prices, indications from customers based upon current price negotiations, and purchase orders. In addition, and as necessary, specific reserves for future known or anticipated events may be established. As of January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, the reserve for obsolete inventory was approximately $95 thousand and $95 thousand, respectively.

Inventories by major category are as follows (in thousands):

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Asset lives for financial statement reporting of depreciation are:

(*)Amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease or the estimated useful lives, whichever period is shorter.

Upon sale or retirement of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company reviews the recoverability of property, plant and equipment when circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset class may not be recoverable. Indicators of impairment could include, among other factors, significant changes in the business environment, the planned closure of a facility, or deterioration in operating cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to evaluate the impact of operating changes and to estimate future cash flows. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance which do not substantially improve or extend the useful life of an asset are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill is the excess of the consideration paid for a business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed at least annually for impairment. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. However, the Company may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications of a potential impairment exist.

When performing its quantitative annual goodwill impairment test on January 31, 2025, the Company is comparing the fair value with its carrying amount. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as considering third-party market value indicators. The Company’s use of a discounted cash flow methodology includes estimates of future revenue based upon budgets and projections. The Company also develops estimates for future levels of gross and operating profits and projected capital expenditures. The Company’s methodology also includes the use of estimated discount rates based upon industry and competitor analysis as well as other factors. Calculating the fair value requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions regarding the fair value of the reporting units prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record impairments to its goodwill in future periods and such impairments could be material.

As of January 31, 2025 and 2024, there wereno impairment losses recognized for goodwill.

Other Intangibles

Other intangibles consist of trademarks, trade names and customer relationships. Intangible asset lives for financial statement reporting of amortization are:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The carrying value of the Company’s short-term financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, approximate fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturity of these instruments.

The interest rate on the Company’s line of credit and notes payable has a variable component, which is reflective of the market for such instruments at any given date, and as such the carrying value of the debt approximates its fair value.

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using the fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

Level 1: observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3: unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company's financial assets that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Research and Development

Research and development is expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses for the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were approximately $455 thousand, $414 thousand, and $135 thousand, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

The Company’s sales are primarily generated from the sale of finished products to customers. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, and the promised goods have been transferred. Control transfers when the product is shipped or delivered based upon applicable shipping terms. For each contract, the Company considers the transfer of product to be the performance obligation. Although some payment terms may be extended, generally the Company’s payment terms are approximately 15-30 days. Accordingly, there are no significant financing components to consider when determining the transaction price. The Company elected to treat shipping and handling activities as fulfillment activities, and the related costs are recorded as selling expenses in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company promotes its products with trade incentives and promotions. These programs include discounts, slotting fees, coupons, rebates, in-store display incentives and volume-based incentives. The trade incentives and promotions are recorded as a reduction to the transaction price based on amounts estimated as being due to customers at the end of the period. The Company derives these estimates based on historical experience. The Company does not receive a distinct service in relation to the trade incentives and promotions. The Company’s contracts are all short-term in nature; therefore, there areno unsatisfied performance obligations requiring disclosure as of January 31, 2025.

Reductions in the transaction price attributable to items such as slotting fees, sales discounts, and allowances are accounted for as a direct reduction of revenues as follows (in thousands):

Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The following table disaggregates gross revenue by significant geographic area for the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales represents costs related to the production and manufacturing of the Company’s products.

Advertising

Costs incurred for producing and communicating advertising for the Company are charged to operations as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Producing and communicating advertising expenses for the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were approximately $2.2 million, $1.2 million, and $693 thousand, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company provides compensation benefits in the form of performance stock awards, restricted stock units, stock options, and warrants. The cost of the stock-based compensation is recorded at fair value on the date of grant and expensed in our Consolidated Statement of Operations over the requisite service period.

Performance stock awards ("PSUs") are granted to certain executive officers. Each performance stock award entitles the participant to earn shares of common stock upon the attainment of certain market conditions and certain performance goals over the applicable performance period. The recognition of the compensation expense for the performance stock awards is based upon the probable outcome of the market condition and performance conditions based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. To determine the value of PSUs with market conditions for stock-based compensation purposes, the Company used the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. For each modeling scenario, the PSUs' payoff is calculated based on the contractual terms, whereas the fair value of the PSUs is calculated as the average present value of all modeled payoffs. The determination of the grant date fair value of PSUs issued is affected by a number of variables and subjective assumptions, including (i) the fair value of the Company’s common stock of $1.17 and $1.40 at the grant dates, (ii) the expected common stock price volatility over the expected life of the awards of 85.7% and 87.0%, (iii) the term of the awards of 5 years and 5 years, (iv) risk-free interest rate of 3.7% and 3.4%, (v) there are no expected dividends. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur. There wereno performance stock units that vested in the year ended January 31, 2025. The Company's performance against the defined goals is re-evaluated on a quarterly basis throughout the performance period and the recognition of the compensation expense is adjusted for subsequent changes in the estimated or actual outcome.

The Company values stock options and warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Grants of stock-based payment awards issued to non-employees for services rendered have been recorded at the fair value of the stock-based payment, which is the more readily determinable value. The grants are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods, which is generally the vesting periods. If an award is granted, but vesting does not occur, any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed in the period related to the termination of service.

The Company values Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date the grant is issued and recognizes the expense related to this value on a straight-line basis over the vesting term.

For the year ended January 31, 2024, the Company issued 19,960 shares of the Company's common stock, valued at approximately $50 thousand, to certain employees as compensation.

For the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, when computing fair value of stock options issued, the Company has considered the following variables:

The expected option term is computed using the “simplified method” for “plain vanilla” options as permitted under the provisions of ASC 718-10-S99. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate expected term of share options and similar instruments.

The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s stock options was estimated using the historical volatilities of the Company’s common stock and if deemed necessary, adjusted for any forward-looking adjustments. Risk-free interest rates were obtained from U.S. Treasury rates for the applicable periods.

Earnings Per Share

Basic net income or loss per share attributable to common stockholders excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders during the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income or loss per share reflects potential dilution and is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, which is increased by the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued. However, if the effect of any additional securities is anti-dilutive (i.e., resulting in a higher net income per share or lower net loss per share), they are excluded from the dilutive net income computation. The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants, and restricted stock is calculated using the treasury stock method, and the dilutive effect of the Series B Preferred stock is calculated using the if-converted method.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in computing basic and diluted net income attributable to common stockholders per common share (in thousands, except per share amounts).

Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided in accordance with ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” A deferred tax asset or liability is recorded for all temporary differences between financial and tax reporting and net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change during the period of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. As of January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset of approximately $258 thousand and $503 thousand, respectively, which is included in long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company regularly evaluates the need for a valuation allowance related to the deferred tax asset.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, "Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity"(“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies an issuer’s accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features. ASU 2020-06 also simplifies the settlement assessment that entities are required to perform to determine whether a contract qualifies for equity classification and makes targeted improvements to the disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings-per-share (EPS) guidance. Entities can elect to adopt the new guidance through either a modified retrospective method of transition or a fully retrospective method of transition. The Company adopted this guidance effective February 1, 2024. Adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, "Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures" (Topic 323): Accounting for Investment Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method." The amendments in this update permit reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. The Company adopted this guidance effective February 1, 2024. Adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements." The new guidance clarifies or improves disclosure and presentation requirements on a variety of topics in the codification. The amendments will align the requirements in the FASB Accounting Standard Codification with the SEC’s regulations. The amendments are effective prospectively on the date each individual amendment is effectively removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, which is not expected to be material.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07,"Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." The new guidance is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Adoption of this standard led to enhanced segment reporting disclosures but did not impact the Company's results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. See Note 13, Segment Information in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes" (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The new guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in the ASU address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2023-09 will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued Final Rule No. 33-11275, "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors." If such rule remains in effect, the rule will require registrants to provide climate-related disclosures in their annual reports, including, but not limited to, material Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions (for large accelerated filers and accelerated filers); governance and oversight of material climate-related risks; the material impact of climate risks on the registrant’s strategy, business model, and outlook; risk management processes for material climate-related risks; and material climate targets and goals. Based on our current accelerated filer status, certain elements of the rule would be effective for our fiscal year ending January 31, 2027, with the remaining disclosure requirements effective for our fiscal years ending January 31, 2028 and 2029. In April 2024, the SEC issued an order staying implementation of such rule, pending the resolution of certain challenges. The outcome of ongoing litigation is currently unknown. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of such rule on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures" (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." Additionally, in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU No. 2024-03. The new guidance is intended to improve disclosures about a public business entity's expenses by enhancing specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period so that investors can better understand an entity’s overall performance, including its cost structure, and assess potential future cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, on a retrospective or prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-04, "Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options" (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments." The new guidance clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion or extinguishment of convertible debt. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2025 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption ASU No. 2024-04 will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3 -Property, Plant, and Equipment:

Property and equipment on January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

Depreciation expense was approximately $1.6 million, $1.0 million, and $0.9 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Note 4 –Intangible Assets, Net

Intangibles, net consisted of the following at January 31, 2025 (in thousands):

Intangibles, net consisted of the following at January 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was approximately $1.5 million, $1.1 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.

We expect the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the succeeding fiscal years to be as follows (in thousands):

Note 5 -Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses are composed of the following (in thousands):

Note 6 -Related Party Transactions

Promissory Note – Related Party

Upon consummation of the acquisition of T&L in December 2021, the Company executed a $3 million promissory note with the sellers. The promissory note requires annual principal payments of $750 thousand, payable on each anniversary of the closing, together with accrued interest at a rate of three and one-half percent (3.5%) per annum. As of January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, the outstanding balance under the note was $750 thousand and $1.5 million, respectively. For the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 interest expense for this note was approximately $50 thousand, $77 thousand, and $102 thousand, respectively. As of January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, accrued interest was approximately $2 thousand and $5 thousand, respectively.

Lease – Related Party

The Company leases a facility in Farmingdale, NY from 148 Allen Blvd LLC for production and distribution of T&L and Olive Branch products. 148 Allen Blvd LLC is owned by Anthony Morello, Jr., President of T&L and various individuals related to Mr. Morello. This lease term is through November 30, 2031 with the option to extend the lease fortwo additional 10-year terms with base rent of approximately $20 thousand per month through December 31, 2026, increasing after that date to approximately $24 thousand through the end of the initial lease term. The exercise of optional renewal is uncertain and therefore excluded from the calculation of the right of use asset. Rent expense and other ancillary charges pursuant to the lease for the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $322 thousand, $343 thousand and $262 thousand, respectively.

Chef Inspirational Foods, LLC

As noted above in Note 1, the Company acquired a 24% minority interest in Chef Inspirational Foods, LLC (“CIF”) on June 28, 2022 and acquired the remaining interest on June 28, 2023. For the period from February 1, 2023 to June 28, 2023 the Company recorded sales to CIF of approximately $10.9 million. For the period from June 28, 2022 to January 31, 2023 the Company recorded sales to CIF of approximately $14.7 million. For the years ended January 31, 2024 and January 31, 2023, the Company recorded commission expenses and consulting service expenses of approximately $267 thousand and $424 thousand to CIF. On June 28, 2023 the Company entered into a promissory note with the sellers of CIF. As of January 31, 2025 approximately$1.5 million is outstanding on this note.

Note 7 -Loan and Security Agreement

M&T Bank

The Company has a working capital line of credit with M&T Bank for a maximum principal amount of $5.5 million. On July 18, 2023, the Company extended the maturity of the working capital line from June 30, 2024 to October 31, 2025 and on July 31, 2024 the Company further extended the maturity date of the line until November 30, 2027. In addition, effective December 4, 2023, the Company amended the line of credit to change the rate at which interest accrues on the outstanding balance. Effective December 4, 2023 the principal outstanding bears interest ata variable rate per annum based on the Company’s Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio (as defined in the Agreement) established with respect to the Borrower as of the date of any advance under the Loan as follows: if the Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA ratio is: (i) greater than 2.25,3.25 percentage point(s) above the applicable one-day (i.e. overnight) SOFR (as defined); (ii) greater than 1.50 but less than 2.25,2.75 percentage points above the one-day SOFR; (iii) less than or equal to 1.50,2.25 percentage points above the one-day SOFR. The facility is supported by a first priority security interest in all of the Company’s business assets and is further subject to various affirmative and negative financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with the covenants as of January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024. Advances under the line of credit are limited to eighty percent (80%) of eligible accounts receivable (which is subject to an agreed limitation and is further subject to certain asset concentration provisions) and fifty percent (50%) of eligible inventory (which is subject to an agreed dollar limitation). All advances under the line of credit are due upon maturity. The outstanding balance on the line of credit was $0 thousand as of both January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024. During the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 the Company incurred interest expense of approximately $7 thousand, $47 thousand and $132 thousand to M&T Bank for the line of credit agreement, respectively. During the years ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 the Company incurred commitment fees of approximately$14 thousand and$12 thousand, respectively.

On December 29, 2021, the Company entered into a loan with M&T Bank for the original principal amount of $7.5 million, payable in equal monthly principal installments over a 60-month amortization period (the “Acquisition Note”). The Maturity Date of the Acquisition Note is January 17, 2027. The Acquisition Note was amended effective December 4, 2023 to change the rate at which interest accrues. Effective December 4, 2023 the interest rate was amended to be based on the Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio (as defined in the Acquisition Note). If the Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA ratio is: (i) greater than 2.25,3.50 percentage point(s) above the applicable Variable Loan Rate; (ii) greater than 1.50 but less than or equal to 2.25,3.0 percentage points of the applicable Variable Loan Rate; or (iii) less than or equal to 1.50,2.5 percentage points above the applicable Variable Loan Rate; provided that in all events the rate shall not be less than the recited percentage point margin over 0%. As of January 31, 2025, the outstanding balance and unamortized discount of the Acquisition Note was approximately $2.9 million and $22 thousand, respectively. As of January 31, 2024, the outstanding balance and unamortized discount of the Acquisition Note was approximately $4.6 million and $38 thousand, respectively. During the years ended January 31, 2025,2024 and 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of approximately $297 thousand, $450 thousand and $413 thousand for the Acquisition Note, respectively.

Note 8 -Concentrations

Revenues and Accounts Receivable

For the year ended January 31, 2025, the Company’s gross revenue was concentrated in one customer that accounted for approximately 44% of gross revenue. For the year ended January 31, 2024, the Company’s gross revenue was concentrated in three customers that accounted for approx imately 26%,11% and 10%, respectively. For the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company’s gross revenue was concentrated in two customers that accounted for approx imately 25% and 13%, respectively.

As of January 31, 2025, two customers represented approximately 38% and 16% of total gross outstanding receivables, respectively. As of January 31, 2024, four customers represented approximately 20%,15%,13% and 10% of total gross outstanding receivables, respectively.

Note 9 -Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 20 million shares of preferred stock, $0.00001 par value per share. The Company has designated 120 thousand shares of preferred stock as Series A Convertible Preferred stock. As of January 31, 2025 and 2024, no shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding.

Series B Preferred

The Company has designated 200 thousand shares of preferred stock, $0.00001 par value per share, as Series B Preferred Stock. The holders of the Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the amount of cash, securities or other property to which such holder would be entitled to receive with respect to such shares of Series B Preferred Stock if such shares had been converted to common stock immediately prior to such liquidation.

Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock were entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends at an annual rate of eight percent (8%). Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Each share of Series B Preferred stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of common stock at a rate of 1 share of Series B Preferred Stock into 15 shares of common stock.

For the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company sold approximately 55 thousand shares, raising gross proceeds of approximately $1.3 million.

On June 22, 2023, all the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock converted the shares of Series B Preferred Stock into 819 thousand shares of common stock of the Company.

As of both January 31, 2025 and 2024,0 shares of Series B Preferred Stock were outstanding.

During the year ended January 31, 2025, the Company paid no dividends on Series B Preferred Stock. During the years ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid dividends of approximately $49 thousand and $34 thousand, respectively on Series B Preferred Stock.

Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") is determined based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. RSUs generally vest on a graded basis over three tofour years of service.

A summary of the status of the Company's RSUs is presented below.

At January 31, 2025, there was approximately $897 thousand of total unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.25 years. During the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 the Company recognized stock-based compensation related to RSUs of an aggregate of approximately $595 thousand, $279 thousand, and $50 thousand, respectively, which was recorded to selling, general and administrative expenses or cost of goods sold, depending on the nature of the employee on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Of the total 103,206 RSUs issued during the year ended January 31, 2025,32,040 were issued to the Board of Directors, and 71,166 were issued to employees of the Company.

Stock Options

The following is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity:

During the year ended January 31, 2025,37,500 options at a weighted average exercise price of $1.48 per share were exchanged for approximately 38,000 shares of common stock. The Company received approximately $55 thousand for the exercise of these options, as a portion of the options were cashless exercised.

For the years ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized stock-based compensation related to stock options of an aggregate of approximately$45 thousand and $65 thousand, respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Stat ements of Operations. As of January 31, 2025, there was unrecognized stock-based compensation related to stock options of approximately$191 thousand.

Equity Issuances

On May 15, 2024, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement with directors Alfred D’Agostino, Steven Burns, Dean Janeway and Thomas Toto (each, a “Director”), relating to certain options purported to have been granted by the Company in 2018 and 2019 (the "Purported Options") under prior management that exceeded the availability under the Company’s equity plan at the time of the purported grants.

In exchange for a release of any and all claims or rights related to the Purported Options, the Company agreed to issue each Director a payment of approximately$113 thousand and approximately 17 thousand shares of common stock. In connection with the Settlement Agreement and the issuance of the shares, the Company incurred a one-time charge of approximately$900 thousand within selling, general and administrative expense.

Note 10 -Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation, Claims and Assessments

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm its business. The Company is currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that they believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or operating results.

Licensing and Royalty Agreements

On March 1, 2010, the Company was assigned a Development and License agreement (the “Agreement”). Under the terms of the Agreement the Licensor shall develop for the Company a line of beef meatballs with sauce, turkey meatballs with sauce and other similar meats and sauces for commercial manufacture, distribution and sale (each a “Licensor Product” and collectively the “Licensor Products”). Licensor shall work with Licensee to develop Licensor Products that are acceptable to Licensee. Upon acceptance of a Licensor Product by Licensee, Licensor’s trade secret recipes, formulas methods and ingredients for the preparation and production of such Licensor Products (the “Recipes”) shall be subject to this Development and License Agreement.

The Exclusive Term began on January 1, 2009 (the “Effective Date”) and ends on the 50 th anniversary of the Effective Date.

Per the Agreement, the Royalty Rate shall be:6% of net sales up to $500 thousand of net sales for each Agreement year;4% of Net Sales from $500 thousand up to $2.5 million of Net Sales for each Agreement year;2% of Net Sales from $2.5 million up to $20 million of Net Sales for each Agreement year; and 1% of Net Sales in excess of $20 million of Net Sales for each Agreement year.

In order to continue the Exclusive term, the Company shall pay a minimum royalty of $125 thousand each year.

The Company incurred approximately $679 thousand, $637 thousand, and $584 thousand of royalty expenses for the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Royalty expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Purchase Commitments

On December 20, 2024 the Company entered into aone year purchase commitment to buy six million eighty thousand pounds of chicken, to be delivered in equal weekly installments at a fixed price. We recognize liabilities for contingencies and commitments when a loss is probable and estimable.

Agreements with Placement Agents and Finders

Spartan Capital, LLC

The Company entered into a fourth Financial Advisory and Investment Banking Agreement with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan”) effective April 1, 2015 (the “Spartan Advisory Agreement”). Pursuant to the Spartan Advisory Agreement, if the Company enters into a change of control transaction during the term of the agreement through October 1, 2022, the Company shall pay to Spartan a fee equal to 3% of the consideration paid or received by the Company and/or its stockholders in such transaction. Based on this agreement with Spartan, during the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company paid Spartan approximately $36 thousand upon the payment for the 24% minority interest in CIF.

AGES Financial Services. Ltd.

On July 6, 2022, the Company executed a Proposed Offering Engagement Letter with AGES Financial Services. Ltd. (“AGES”) to act as a non-exclusive (i) dealer-manager, (ii) placement agent and/or (iii) financial advisor for a proposed issuance, or series of issuances, for up to $5 million of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Proposed Offering”) in a private placement to be conducted by the Company pursuant to the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated by the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The period of the Engagement was from July 5, 2022 through December 31, 2022.

In consideration for its services in the offering, AGES was entitled to a cash fee equal to 4% of the net dollar amount received by the Company from investors sourced by AGES plus 5-year warrants to buy common stock of the Company at the rate of 1 warrant for every $100 of such net dollar amount. The Company was responsible for payment of all expenses relating to the offering, including, but not limited to costs associated with the registration of any common stock which may be issued upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. For the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company paid AGES approximately $65 thousand.

Note 11 –Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Right of Use ("ROU") assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The Company’s leases consist of office space, manufacturing space and machinery and equipment. The Company utilized a portfolio approach in determining the discount rate. The portfolio approach takes into consideration the range of the term, the range of the lease payments, the category of the underlying asset and the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company also considered its recent debt issuances as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating the incremental borrowing rates.

The lease term includes options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Future obligations relating to the exercise of renewal options are included in the measurement if, based on the judgment of management, the renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised. Factors in determining whether an option is reasonably certain of exercise include, but are not limited to, the value of leasehold improvements, the value of the renewal rate compared to market rates, and the presence of factors that would cause a significant economic penalty to the Company if the option is not exercised.

Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, per the election of the practical expedient under ASC 842 "Leases."

The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company recognizes variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate are initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement date, otherwise variable lease payments are recognized in the period incurred.

During the year ended January 31, 2025, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment of Lease for its offices at 355 Murray Hill Parkway, East Rutherford, NJ. The amended lease has a termination date of January 31, 2030. The amended lease has monthly rent of approximately $10 thousand to $12 thousand. In accounting for the lease, the Company wrote off its existing right of use asset and lease liability of approximately $124 thousand and recognized a right of use asset of approximately $631 thousand.

During the year ended January 31, 2025, the Company amended and subsequently extended its lease for 25 Branca Road, East Rutherford, NJ twice. The first amended lease had a termination date of August 31, 2024. With the initial amendment of the lease, the Company wrote off approximately $897 thousand of the existing right of use asset and lease liability. On August 21, 2024, the Company amended its lease at 25 Branca Road. The amended lease has monthly rent of approximately $36 thousand until February 28, 2026, with a renewal option to extend the lease until August 31, 2029. The monthly rent during the renewal option ranges from approximately $38 thousand to approximately $42 thousand. As a result of this lease the Company recognized a right of use asset and a lease liability of approximately $615 thousand. In addition, on December 26, 2024, the Company amended the lease again with an effective date of February 1, 2025. This amended lease expanded the space available to the Company, has a monthly rent from approximately $73 thousand to approximately $84 thousand from February 1, 2025 to January 31, 2030, and required an initial direct payment of approximately $200 thousand. On the effective date of the lease, the Company will recognize a right of use asset and lease liability of approximately $4.2 million.

The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

Maturities of lease liabilities for each of the succeeding fiscal years are as follows (in thousands):

Note 12 -Income Tax Provision

The Company's income tax provision / (benefit) consists of the following (in thousands):

The Company had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of approximately $0.0 million and $0.0 million at January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, available to offset taxable income through 2034. The Company also has state NOLs of approximately $8.0 million and $8.8 million at January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, available to offset future taxable income through 2036.

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future generation of taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. There wasno valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets as of January 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company evaluated the provisions of ASC 740 related to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, present, and disclose uncertain positions that the Company has taken or expects to take in its tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Differences between tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the net benefit recognized and measured pursuant to the interpretation are referred to as “unrecognized benefits.” A liability is recognized (or amount of net operating loss carry-forward or amount of tax refundable is reduced) for unrecognized tax benefit because it represents an enterprise’s potential future obligation to the taxing authority for a tax position that was not recognized as a result of applying the provisions of ASC 740.

If applicable, interest costs related to the unrecognized tax benefits are required to be calculated and would be classified as “Other expenses – Interest” in the consolidated statements of operations. Penalties would be recognized as a component of “Selling, general and administrative expenses.”

No interest or penalties on unpaid taxes were recorded during the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. As of January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required to be reported. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits in the next year.

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various states. As of January 31, 2025, tax years for January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 are subject to examination by the tax authorities.

The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the effects of temporary differences attributable to the following (in thousands):

The expected tax provision (benefit) based on the statutory rate is reconciled with actual tax provision (benefit) as follows:

Note 13 -Segment Information

For the years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 the Company was managed as a single operating segment. The Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and assessing financial performance, as well as for making strategic operational decisions and managing the organization. As such, the Company hasone reportable segment. Additionally, all of the Company’s assets are maintained in the United States.

Segment reporting for the years ended January 31, (in thousands):

(A) The significant expense categories and amounts align with the information that is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker.

(B) This category contains commission expenses, royalty expenses, and freight-related expenses.