Mamas Creations Inc

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

October 31, 2024

Note 1 -Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

Mama's Creations, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”, "we", "our", or "us"), (formerly known as Mama Mancini's Holdings, Inc. and Mascot Properties, Inc.) was organized on July 22, 2009 as a Nevada corporation. The Company has a fiscal year-end of January 31.

Our subsidiary MamaMancini’s Inc. (“MamaMancini's”) is a marketer, manufacturer and distributor of beef and turkey meatballs with sauce, grilled, roasted and breaded chicken, sausage and peppers, and other similar meats and sauces. In addition, the Company continues to diversify its product line by introducing new products such as ready to serve meals, single-serve pasta bowls, bulk deli, and packaged refrigerated protein products. MamaMancini's products feature many all-natural meals that were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture (the “USDA”) and approved as "all-natural." The USDA defines "all-natural" as a product that contains no artificial ingredients, coloring ingredients or chemical preservatives and is minimally processed.

Our subsidiary T&L Acquisition Corp. is a premier gourmet food manufacturer based in New York. T&L Acquisition Corp., under the brands T&L Creative Salads (“T&L”) and Olive Branch offers a full line of foods for retail food chains and club stores, delis, bagel stores, caterers and provision distributors. T&L uses high-quality meats, seafood and vegetables, prepared to meet the standards set forth by the USDA and the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"). Olive Branch concentrates on selling olives, olive mixes, and savory products to a limited number of large retail customers, primarily in pre-packaged containers.

In 2022, the Company acquired a 24% minority interest in Chef Inspirational Foods, LLC (“CIF”), a leading developer, innovator, marketer and sales company selling prepared foods, for an investment of $1.2 million. The investment consisted of $500 thousand in cash and $700 thousand in the Company’s common stock. The acquisition of the interest in CIF was accounted for under the equity method of accounting for investments until the Company acquired the remaining interest in CIF. On June 28, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of the remaining 76% of CIF, in accordance with the terms of the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated June 28, 2023 by and among the Company, Siegel Suffolk Family, LLC, and R&I Loeb Family, LLC (the “Sellers”) for approximately $3.7 million, including approximately $1 million in cash at closing and a $2.7 million promissory note (the "CIF Acquisition"). The promissory note required a principal payment of $1.2 million in cash on the first anniversary of the closing date (which was made during the three months ended July 31, 2024), and requires a payment of $1.5 million in common stock of the Company on the second anniversary of the closing date.

The following presents the unaudited results of operations for the period February 1, 2023 through June 28, 2023 of CIF (in thousands):

Name Change

On July 31, 2023, the Company filed an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to change the Company’s name from “MamaMancini’s Holdings, Inc.” to “Mama’s Creations, Inc.” (the “Name Change”). The Name Change, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders at its annual meeting on July 31, 2023, did not alter the voting powers or relative rights of the Company.

Note 2 -Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, which are unaudited, include all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of October 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein should be read together with the historical Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for the years ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2024 (the "2024 Form 10-K"), as filed with the SEC on April 24, 2024. Operating results for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending January 31, 2025. Certain amounts in the prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions impact, among other items, allowance for credit losses, the fair value of stock-based compensation, inventory reserves, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and estimates for unrealized returns, discounts, and other variable considerations that are netted against revenue.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from our estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company operates in an industry that is subject to intense competition and changes in consumer demand. The Company’s operations are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including financial and operational risks, including the potential risk of business failure.

The Company has experienced, and in the future expects to continue to experience, variability in sales and earnings. The factors expected to contribute to this variability include, among others, (i) the cyclical nature of the grocery industry, (ii) general economic conditions in the various local markets in which the Company competes, including a potential general downturn in the economy, and (iii) the volatility of prices pertaining to food and beverages in connection with the Company’s distribution of the product. These factors, among others, make it difficult to project the Company’s operating results on a consistent basis.

Segment Reporting

For the three and nine months ending October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company was managed as a single operating segment. The Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and assessing financial performance, as well as for making strategic operational decisions and managing the organization. As such the Company hasone reportable segment. Additionally, all of the Company's assets are maintained in the United States.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The Company minimizes its credit risk associated with cash by periodically evaluating the credit quality of its primary financial institution. The balance at times may exceed federally insured limits. As of October 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $8.5 million that exceeded federally insured limits.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company generally does not require collateral to support customer receivables. Estimated product returns are immaterial. Management assesses the collectability of outstanding customer invoices and maintains an allowance resulting from the expected non-collection of customer receivables. In estimating this reserve, management considers factors such as historical collection experience, customer creditworthiness, specific customer risk, and current and expected general economic conditions. Customer balances are written off after all collection efforts are exhausted. The reserve for uncollectible accounts was approximately $93 thousand as of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024 the Company didnot write off any accounts deemed uncollectible. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023 the Company wrote off approximately $0 and $140 thousand of uncollectible accounts respectively.

Inventories

The Company values its inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value (“NRV”). NRV is defined as estimated selling prices less costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The cost of inventory is determined on the first-in, first-out basis. The cost of finished goods inventories includes ingredients, direct labor, freight-in for ingredients, and indirect production and overhead costs. The Company monitors its inventory to identify excess or obsolete items on hand. The Company reviews inventory quantities on hand and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on selling prices and indications from customers based upon current price negotiations and purchase orders. In addition, and as necessary, specific reserves for future known or anticipated events may be established. As of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024, the reserve for obsolete inventory was approximately $95 thousand.

Inventories by major category are as follows (in thousands):

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost net of depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed using straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives.

Asset lives for financial statement reporting of depreciation expense are:

(*)Amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining lease term at the time the assets were placed in service or their estimated useful lives.

Upon sale or retirement of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the underlying net assets of an acquired business. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or immediately if conditions indicate that an impairment could exist. The Company evaluates qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying value and whether it is necessary to perform goodwill impairment testing.

As of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024, there wereno impairment losses recognized for goodwill.

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets consist of trademarks, trade names and customer relationships. Intangible asset lives for financial statement reporting of amortization are:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation. The carrying amount of the Company’s short-term financial instruments approximates fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity for these instruments.

Research and Development

Research and development is expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses were $155 thousand and $352 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, compared to $124 thousand and $290 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

The Company’s sales are primarily generated from the sale of finished products to customers. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, and the promised goods have been transferred. Control transfers when the product is shipped or delivered based upon applicable shipping terms. For each contract, the Company considers the transfer of product to be the performance obligation. Although some payment terms may be extended, generally the Company’s payment terms are approximately 15- 30 days. Accordingly, there are no significant financing components to consider when determining the transaction price. The Company elected to treat shipping and handling activities as fulfillment activities, and the related costs are recorded as selling expenses in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company promotes its products with trade incentives and promotions. These programs include discounts, slotting fees, coupons, rebates, in-store display incentives and volume-based incentives. The trade incentives and promotions are recorded as a reduction to the transaction price based on amounts estimated as being due to customers at the end of the period. The Company derives these estimates based on historical experience. The Company does not receive a distinct service in relation to the trade incentives and promotions. The Company’s contracts are all short term in nature; therefore, there are no unsatisfied performance obligations requiring disclosure as of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024.

Expenses such as slotting fees, sales discounts, and variable considerations are accounted for as a direct reduction of revenues as follows (in thousands):

Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The following table disaggregates gross revenue by significant geographic area for the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Costs of Sales

Costs of sales represents costs directly related to the production and manufacturing of the Company’s products.

Advertising

Costs incurred for advertising for the Company are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred. Advertising expenses were $663 thousand and $1,480 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, compared to$380 thousand and $779 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company provides compensation benefits in the form of performance stock awards, restricted stock units, stock options, and warrants. The cost of the stock-based compensation is recorded at fair value on the date of grant and expensed in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations over the requisite service period.

The Company has granted performance stock awards ("PSUs") to certain executive officers. Each performance stock award entitles the participant to earn shares of common stock upon the attainment of certain market conditions and/or certain performance goals over the applicable performance period. The recognition of the compensation expense for the performance stock awards is based upon the probable outcome of the market condition and performance conditions based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. To determine the value of PSUs with market conditions for stock-based compensation purposes, the Company used a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. For each path, the PSUs' payoff is calculated based on the contractual terms, whereas the fair value of the PSUs is calculated as the average present value of all modeled payoffs. The determination of the grant date fair value of PSUs issued is affected by a number of variables and subjective assumptions, including (i) the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the grant date of $1.17 and $1.40,

(ii) the expected common stock price volatility over the expected life of the award of 85.7% and 87.0%, (iii) the term of the awards of 5 years and 5 years, (iv) the risk-free interest rate of 3.7% and 3.4%, and (v) the expected dividend yield of 0% and 0%. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur. There wereno performance stock units that vested in thethree and nine months ending October 31, 2024. The Company's performance against the defined goals is re-evaluated on a quarterly basis throughout the performance period and the recognition of the compensation expense is adjusted for subsequent changes in the estimated or actual outcome.

The Company values stock options and warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Grants of stock-based payment awards issued to non-employees for services rendered have been recorded at the fair value of the stock-based payment, which is the more readily determinable value. The grants are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. If an award is granted, but vesting does not occur, any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed in the period related to the termination of service.

The Company values Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") at the closing stock price on the date of the grant.

Earnings Per Share

Basic net income or loss per share attributable to common stockholders excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders during the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income or loss per share reflects potential dilution and is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, which is increased by the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued. However, if the effect of any additional securities are anti-dilutive (i.e., resulting in a higher net income per share or lower net loss per share), they are excluded from the dilutive earnings per share computation. The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants, and restricted stock is calculated using the treasury stock method, and the dilutive effect of the Series B Preferred stock and PSUs is calculated using the if-converted method.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in computing basic and diluted net income attributable to common stockholders per common share (in thousands, except per share data):

Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided in accordance with ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” A deferred tax asset or liability is recorded for all temporary differences between financial and tax reporting and net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax expense results from the net change during the period of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. As of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset of $413 thousand and $503 thousand, respectively, which is included in other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company regularly evaluates the need for a valuation allowance related to the deferred tax asset.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity(“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies an issuer’s accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features. ASU 2020-06 also simplifies the settlement assessment that entities are required to perform to determine whether a contract qualifies for equity classification and makes targeted improvements to the disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings per share (EPS) guidance. This update was effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, "Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investment Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method." The amendments in this update permit reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. This guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Amendments - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative." The FASB issued the standard to introduce changes to U.S. GAAP that originate in either SEC Regulation S-X or S-K, which are rules about the form and content of financial reports. The provisions of the standard are contingent when the SEC removes the related disclosure provisions from Regulation S-X and S-K. The Company does not expect the provisions of the standard to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." The new guidance is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption ASU No. 2023-07 will have to the financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The new guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in the ASU address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2023-09 will have to the financial statements and related disclosures.

Management does not believe that any recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, when adopted, will have a material effect on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using the fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

Level 1: observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3: unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company's financial assets that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Note 3 –Property Plant and Equipment, Net:

Property plant and equipment, net on October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Depreciation expense was approximately $451 thousand and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, compared to approximately $255 thousand and $767 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 4 –Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following at October 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following at January 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):

Amortization expense was approximately $388 thousand and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, compared to approximately $388 thousand and $692 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively.

We expect the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the four succeeding fiscal years to be as follows (in thousands):

Note 5 –Related Party Transactions

Promissory Notes – Related Parties

Upon consummation of the acquisition of T&L in December 2021, the Company executed a $3 million promissory note with the sellers. The promissory note requires annual principal payments of $750 thousand, payable on each anniversary of the closing, together with accrued interest at a rate of three and one-half percent (3.5%) per annum. As of both October 31, and January 31, 2024, the outstanding balance under the note was $1.5 million, of which $750 thousand was recorded as Promissory notes – related parties and $750 thousand is recorded as Promissory notes – related parties, net of current, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest expense related to this note was approximately $14 thousand and $40 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, compared to approximately $20 thousand and $39 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. As of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024, accrued interest was approximately $44 thousand and $5 thousand, respectively.

Lease – Related Party

The Company leases a fully contained facility in Farmingdale, NY from 148 Allen Blvd LLC for production and distribution of T&L Creative Salads and Olive Branch products. 148 Allen Blvd LLC is owned by Anthony Morello, Jr., President of T&L, and various individuals related to Mr. Morello. This lease term is through November 30, 2031 with the option to extend the lease fortwo additionalten-year terms with base rent of approximately $20 thousand per month through December 31, 2026, increasing after that date to approximately $24 thousand per month through the end of the initial lease term. The exercise of optional renewal is uncertain and therefore excluded from the calculation of the right of use asset. Rent expense and other ancillary charges pursuant to the lease for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024 were approximately $81 thousand and $240 thousand, respectively, compared to $96 thousand and $267 thousand for the three and nine months ending October 31, 2023.

Chef Inspirational Foods, LLC – Related Party

The Company owned a 24% minority interest in CIF until June 28, 2023, when the Company acquired the remaining interest (refer to Note 1). For the period from February 1, 2023 to June 28, 2023, the Company recorded sales of approximately $10.9 million with CIF. For the period from February 1, 2023 to June 28, 2023, the Company recorded commission expense with CIF of approximately $175 thousand, respectively.

Note 6 –Loan and Security Agreements

M&T Bank

The Company has a working capital line of credit with M&T Bank for a maximum principal amount of $5.5 million (the "Credit Agreement"). On July 31, 2024, the Company extended the maturity date of the working capital line from October 31, 2025 to November 30, 2027. The principal outstanding bears interest at a variable rate per annum based on the Company’s Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), established with respect to the Borrower as of the date of any advance under the Credit Agreement as follows: if the Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA ratio is: (i) greater than 2.25,3.25 percentage point(s) above the applicable one-day (i.e. overnight) SOFR (as defined); (ii) greater than 1.50 but less than 2.25,2.75 percentage points above the one-day SOFR; (iii) less than or equal to 1.50,2.25 percentage points above the one-day SOFR. The facility is supported by a first priority security interest in all of the Company’s business assets and is further subject to various affirmative and negative financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with the covenants as of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024. Advances under the line of credit are limited to eighty percent (80%) of eligible accounts receivable (which is subject to an agreed limitation and is further subject to certain asset concentration provisions) and fifty percent (50%) of eligible inventory (which is subject to an agreed dollar limitation). All advances under the line of credit are due upon maturity. There wasno outstanding balance on the line of credit as of October 31, or January 31, 2024. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024 the Company incurredno interest, compared to approximately $1 thousand and $47 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively.

On December 29, 2021, the Company entered into a loan with M&T Bank for the original principal amount of $7.5 million payable in equal monthly principal installments over a 60-month amortization period (the “Acquisition Note”). The Maturity Date of the Acquisition Note is January 17, 2027. The Acquisition Note was amended effective December 4, 2023, to change the rate at which interest accrues and amended on July 31, 2024 to amend certain covenants. Effective December 4, 2023 the interest rate was amended to be based on the Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio (as defined in the Acquisition Note). If the Senior Funded Debt/EBITDA ratio is: (i) greater than 2.25,3.5 percentage point(s) above the applicable Variable Loan Rate; (ii) greater than 1.50 but less than or equal to 2.25,3.0 percentage points of the applicable Variable Loan Rate; or (iii) less than or equal to 1.50,2.5 percentage points above the applicable Variable Loan Rate;

provided that in all events the rate shall not be less than the recited percentage point margin over 0%. As of October 31, 2024, the outstanding balance and unamortized discount of the Acquisition Note were approximately $3.3 million and $25 thousand, respectively. As of January 31, 2024, the outstanding balance and unamortized discount of the Acquisition Note were approximately $4.6 million and $38 thousand, respectively. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, the Company incurred interest of approximately $72 thousand and $238 thousand, respectively, compared to approximately $112 thousand and $350 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 7 –Concentrations

Revenues

For the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company’s revenue was concentrated in two customers that accounted for approximately 43% and 10% of gross revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended October 31, 2024, the Company’s revenue was concentrated in one customer that accounted for approximately 41% of gross revenue.

For the three months ended October 31, 2023, the Company’s revenue was concentrated in two customers that accounted for approximately 39% and 12% of gross revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended October 31, 2023, the Company’s revenue was concentrated in three customers that accounted for approximately 22%,14%, and 11% of gross revenue, respectively.

Receivables

As of October 31, 2024, two customers represented approximately 35% and 17% of the total gross outstanding receivables, respectively. As of January 31, 2024, four customers represented approximately 20%,15%,13%, and 10% of total gross outstanding receivables, respectively.

Note 8 –Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 20 million shares of Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share. The Company has designated 120 thousand shares of Preferred Stock as Series A Convertible Preferred stock. As of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024, no shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were outstanding.

Series B Preferred Stock

The Company has designated 200 thousand shares of preferred stock, Series B Preferred Stock. As of October 31, 2024 and January 31, 2024, no shares of Series B Preferred Stock remain outstanding.

The holders of the Series B Preferred Stock were entitled to receive, upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the original issue price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid or the amount of cash, securities or other property to which such holder would be entitled to receive with respect to such shares of Series B Preferred Stock if such shares had been converted to common stock immediately prior to such liquidation.

Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock were entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends at an annual rate of eight percent (8%). Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock had no voting rights. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock was convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of common stock at a rate of 1 share of Series B Preferred Stock into 15 shares of common stock. The Company was able to force conversion at $2.00 per share of Common Stock at any time after 6 months after issue if the Common Stock had a closing price of $2.00 or higher in any 20 consecutive trading days. After 18 months, the Company could force holders to convert at a 20% discount to the most recent 20-day average closing price per share. The Company also had the right to cause a conversion following a Fundamental Change.

On June 22, 2023, all the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock converted the shares of Series B Preferred Stock into 819,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company.

The Company paid dividends of approximately $0 thousand and $49 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Such dividends related to the Company's then outstanding Series B Preferred Stock. Becauseno shares of Series B Preferred Stock were outstanding, no such dividends were paid during the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024.

Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the grant date. RSUs generally vest on a graded basis over three years tofour years of service. The terms of the RSUs include vesting provisions based solely on continued service.

The following is a summary of the Company’s restricted stock units activity:

During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units of an aggregate of approximately $136 thousand and $447 thousand, respectively, compared to $167 thousand and $98 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. The restricted stock expense was recorded to selling, general and administrative expenses or cost of goods sold depending on the nature of the employee's expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of October 31, 2024, there was unrecognized stock-based compensation of approximately $996 thousand related to future vesting of restricted stock units.

Options

The following is a summary of the Company’s option activity:

During the nine months ended October 31, 2024, there were 37,500 options exercised at a weighted average exercise price of $1.48 per share resulting in the issuance of approximately 38 thousand shares of common stock. The Company received approximately $55 thousand for the exercise of these options.

During the nine months ended October 31, 2024 the Company granted options to purchase 38,806 shares. The Company values stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The grants are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. If an award is granted, but vesting does not occur, any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed in the period related to the termination of service. For the nine months ended October 31, 2024, when computing the fair value of the stock options issued, the Company used the following variables:(i) risk-free interest rate of 3.5%, (ii) expected term of the award of 6 years, (iii) expected volatility of the underlying stock of 76%, and(iv)no expected dividend yield.

For the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to options of an aggregate of approximately $16 thousand and $23 thousand, respectively, compared to $12 thousand and $53 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023. The stock-based compensation expense related to the options is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the nine months ended October 31, 2024, certain employees and contractors resigned from the Company, which resulted in the reversal of approximately $11 thousand of previously recognized stock-based compensation expense. At October 31, 2024, there was unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of options of approximately $213 thousand.

Performance Stock Units

During the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company issued certain PSUs to the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer based on certain market and performance conditions of the Company compared to the respective targets. During the three and nine ended October 31, 2024, the Company issued PSUs to the Chief Operating Officer depending on the Company's Earnings per Share compared to respective targets. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to PSUs of approximately $91 thousand and $311 thousand, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense related to the PSUs is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Equity issuances

On May 15, 2024, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement with directors Alfred D’Agostino, Steven Burns, Dean Janeway and Thomas Toto (each, a “Director”), relating to certain options purported to have been granted by the Company in 2018 and 2019 (the "Purported Options") under prior management that exceeded the availability under the Company’s equity plan at the time of the purported grants.

In exchange for a release of any and all claims or rights related to the Purported Options, the Company agreed to issue each Director a payment of approximately $113 thousand and approximately 17 thousand shares of common stock. In connection with the Settlement Agreement and the issuance of the shares, the Company incurred a one-time charge of approximately $900 thousand within selling, general and administrative expense in the three months ended April 30, 2024.

During thethree and nine months ended October 31, 2024, the Company issued 3,007 shares valued at approximately $20 thousand to certain employees as compensation.

Note 9 -Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation, Claims and Assessments

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm its business.

Licensing and Royalty Agreements

On March 1, 2010, the Company was assigned a Development and License agreement, dated January 1, 2009, with Daniel Dougherty (the “License Agreement”). Under the terms of the License Agreement, the royalty rate payable by the Company is 6% of net sales up to $500 thousand of net sales (as defined in the agreement) for each year under the License Agreement;4% of net sales from $500 thousand up to $2.5 million of net sales for each year under the License Agreement;2% of net sales from $2.5 million up to $20 million of net sales for each year under the License Agreement; and 1% of net sales in excess of $20 million of net sales for each year under the License Agreement.

In order to continue exclusivity, the Company must pay a minimum royalty of $125,000 each year.

The Company incurred approximately $143 thousand and $448 thousand of royalty expenses for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, compared to $119 thousand and $437 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Royalty expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 10 –Leases

The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842 “Leases” (“ASC 842”). We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. This determination generally depends on whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified fixed asset explicitly or implicitly for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

In April 2024, the Company's lease of additional warehouse and office space in Farmingdale, New York became effective. The lease agreement has afive-year term with monthly rent of approximately $16.7 thousand for the first year, increasing to approximately $17.2 thousand for the second year, increasing to approximately $17.7 thousand for the third year, increasing to approximately $18.2 thousand for the fourth year and increasing to approximately $18.8 thousand for the fifth year. As a result of this lease the Company recognized a ROU)asset and a lease liability of approximately $873 thousand.

During the nine months ended October 31, 2024, the Company amended and subsequently extended its lease for 25 Branca Road, East Rutherford, NJ. The amended lease had a termination date of August 31, 2024. With the initial amendment of the lease the Company wrote off approximately $897 thousand of the ROU asset and ROU liability in the nine months ended October 31, 2024. On August 21, 2024, the Company amended its lease at 25 Branca Road. The amended lease has monthly rent of approximately $36 thousand until February 28, 2026, with a renewal option to extend the lease until August 31, 2029. The monthly rent during the renewal option ranges from approximately $38 thousand to approximately $42 thousand. As a result of this lease the Company recognized a ROU asset and a lease liability of approximately $615 thousand.

We have operating leases for offices and other facilities used for our operations. We also have finance leases consisting primarily of machinery and equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 0.50 years to 7.1 years.

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

The following table shows the weighted average lease term and weighted average discount rate for our ROU lease assets:

Maturities of lease liabilities for each of the succeeding fiscal years are as follows (in thousands):

Note 11 -Income Tax Provision

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ending October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023 is 23.8% and 25.1%, respectively. Differences from the statutory rate primarily relate to state taxes.

As of October 31, 2024, the net deferred tax asset was approximately $413 thousand.

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future generation of taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. There wasno valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets as of October 31, 2024 or January 31, 2024.

The Company evaluated the provisions of ASC 740 related to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, present, and disclose uncertain positions that the Company has taken or expects to take in its tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Differences between tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the net benefit recognized and measured pursuant to the interpretation are referred to as “unrecognized benefits.” A liability is recognized (or amount of net operating loss carryforward or amount of tax refundable is reduced) for unrecognized tax benefit because it represents an enterprise’s potential future obligation to the taxing authority for a tax position that was not recognized as a result of applying the provisions of ASC 740.