Dine Brands Global Inc

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. General

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Dine Brands Global, Inc. (the “Company” or “Dine Brands Global”) have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the twelve months ending December 31, 2024.

The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

2. Basis of Presentation

The Company’s fiscal quarters end on the Sunday closest to the last day of each calendar quarter. For convenience, the fiscal quarters of each year are referred to as ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31. The first fiscal quarter of 2024 began on January 1, 2024 and ended on March 31, 2024, the second fiscal quarter of 2024 ended on June 30, 2024, and the third fiscal quarter of 2024 ended on September 29, 2024. The first fiscal quarter of 2023 began on January 2, 2023 and ended on April 2, 2023, the second fiscal quarter of 2023 ended on July 2, 2023, and the third fiscal quarter of 2023 ended on October 1, 2023.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries that are consolidated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, if any, at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates are made in the calculation and assessment of the following: impairment of tangible and intangible assets and goodwill; income taxes; allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivables; lease accounting estimates; contingencies; and stock-based compensation. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates based on historical experience, current conditions and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted in the Current Fiscal Year

Additional new accounting guidance became effective for the Company as of the beginning of fiscal 2024 that the Company reviewed and concluded was either not applicable to its operations or had no material effect on its consolidated financial statements in the current or future fiscal years.

Newly Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure," which updates reportable segment disclosure requirements. The ASU primarily requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and the title and position of the CODM with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss used to assess segment performance. All annual disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting”, will be required to be disclosed in interim periods. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU in the Company's disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The standard requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Continued)

adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU in the Company's disclosures.

The Company reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they were either not applicable or not expected to have a significant impact to the consolidated financial statements.

4. Revenues

Franchise revenues and revenues from company-operated restaurants are recognized in accordance with current guidance for revenue recognition as codified in Accounting Standards Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised services or goods to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for those services or goods.

Franchise Revenues

The Company franchises the Applebee's Neighborhood Grill & Bar® (“Applebee's”) concept in the American full-service restaurant segment within the casual dining category of the restaurant industry, the International House of Pancakes® (“IHOP”) concept in the family dining mid-scale full-service category of the restaurant industry, and the Fuzzy's Taco Shop®(“Fuzzy's”) concept in the Mexican food segment within the fast-casual dining category of the restaurant industry. The franchise arrangement for the brands is documented in the form of a franchise agreement and, in most cases, a development agreement. The franchise arrangement between the Company as the franchisor and the franchisee as the customer requires the Company to perform various activities to support the brands that do not directly transfer goods and services to the franchisee, but instead represent a single performance obligation, which is the transfer of the franchise license. The intellectual property subject to the franchise license is symbolic intellectual property as it does not have significant standalone functionality, and substantially all the utility is derived from its association with the Company’s past or ongoing activities. The nature of the Company’s promise in granting the franchise license is to provide the franchisee with access to the respective brand’s symbolic intellectual property over the term of the license. The services provided by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and as such are considered to represent a single performance obligation.

The transaction price in a standard franchise arrangement for the brands primarily consists of (a) initial franchise/development fees; (b) continuing franchise fees (royalties); and (c) advertising fees. Since the Company considers the licensing of the franchising right to be a single performance obligation, no allocation of the transaction price is required. Additionally, all domestic IHOP franchise agreements require franchisees to purchase proprietary pancake and waffle dry mix from the Company.

The Company recognizes the primary components of the transaction price as follows:

•Franchise and development fees are recognized as revenue ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement commencing with the restaurant opening date. As these fees are typically received in cash at or near the beginning of the franchise term, the cash received is initially recorded as a contract liability until recognized as revenue over time;

•The Company is entitled to royalties and advertising fees based on a percentage of the franchisee's gross sales as defined in the franchise agreement. Royalty and advertising revenues are recognized when the franchisee's reported sales occur. Depending on timing within a fiscal period, the recognition of revenue results in either what is considered a contract asset (unbilled receivable) or once billed, accounts receivable, and are included in “receivables, net” on the balance sheet;

•Revenue from the sale of proprietary pancake and waffle dry mix and other proprietary products is recognized in the period in which distributors ship the franchisee's order; recognition of revenue results in an accounts receivable included in “receivables, net” on the balance sheet.

In determining the amount and timing of revenues from contracts with customers, the Company exercises significant judgment with respect to collectability of the amount; however, the timing of recognition does not require significant judgments as it is based on either the term of the franchise agreement, the month of reported sales by the franchisee or the date of product shipment, none of which require estimation.

The Company does not incur a significant amount of contract acquisition costs in conducting franchising activities. The Company believes its franchising arrangements do not contain a significant financing component.

4. Revenues (Continued)

Company Restaurant Revenues

Company restaurant revenues comprise retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Sales by company-operated restaurants are recognized when food and beverage items are sold. Company restaurant sales are reported net of sales taxes collected from guests that are remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities, with no significant judgements required.

The following table disaggregates franchise revenues by major type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Changes in the Company's contract liability for deferred franchise and development fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows:

The balance of deferred revenue as of September 30, 2024 is expected to be recognized as follows:

5. Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”)

The CECL reserve methodology requires companies to measure expected credit losses on financial instruments based on the total estimated amount to be collected over the lifetime of the instrument. Under the CECL model, reserves may be established against financial asset balances even if the risk of loss is remote or has not yet manifested itself. The Company records specific reserves against account balances of franchisees deemed at-risk when a potential loss is likely or imminent as a result of prolonged payment delinquency (greater than 90 days past due) and where notable credit deterioration has become evident. For financial assets that are not currently deemed at-risk, an allowance is recorded based on expected loss rates derived pursuant to the Company's CECL methodology that assesses four components - historical losses, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and a reversion to history, if applicable.

5. Current Expected Credit Losses (Continued)

The Company considers its portfolio segments to be the following:

Accounts Receivable

Most of the Company’s short-term receivables due from franchisees are derived from royalty, advertising, and other franchise-related fees, and from distributors related to the sale of proprietary products to franchisees through the Company’s network of suppliers and distributors.

Gift Card Receivable

Gift card receivable consist primarily of amounts due from third-party vendors. Receivables related to gift card sales are subject to seasonality and usually peak around year-end as a result of the December holiday season.

Notes Receivable

Notes receivable balances primarily relate to the conversion of certain past due franchisee accounts receivable to notes receivable, cash loans to franchisees for working capital purposes, a note receivable in connection with the sale of IHOP company restaurants, franchise fees, and other notes. The notes are typically collateralized by the franchise. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company wrote off $4.4 million of Applebee's notes receivable which were fully reserved. The remaining notes have reserves recorded against them amounting to $0.7 million as of September 30, 2024.

Equipment Leases Receivable

Equipment leases receivable primarily relate to IHOP franchise development activity prior to 2003 when IHOP typically leased or purchased the restaurant site, built and equipped the restaurant, then franchised the restaurant to a franchisee. Equipment lease contracts are collateralized by the equipment in the restaurant. The estimated fair value of the equipment collateralizing these lease contracts are not deemed to be significant given the very seasoned and mature nature of this portfolio. The weighted average remaining life of the Company’s equipment leases is 2.7 years as of September 30, 2024.

Real Estate Leases Receivable

Real estate leases receivable primarily relate to IHOP franchise development activity prior to 2003 when IHOP provided the financing for leasing or subleasing the site. Real estate leases at September 30, 2024 comprised of 17 leases with a weighted average remaining life of 10.7 years, and relate to locations that IHOP is leasing from third parties and subleasing to franchisees.

5. Current Expected Credit Losses (Continued)

Changes in the allowance for credit losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows:

(1) Primarily gift card receivable and credit card receivable.

The Company's primary credit quality indicator for all portfolio segments is delinquency. Generally, the notes receivables, leases receivables, equipment receivables, and other receivables (primarily consists of credit card receivables) are not delinquent.

The year of origination of the Company's financing receivables at September 30, 2024 is as follows:

The Company does not place its financing receivables in non-accrual status.

6. Leases

The Company engages in leasing activity as both a lessee and a lessor. The Company currently leases from third parties the real property on which approximately 504 IHOP franchisee-operated restaurants andone Applebee's franchisee-operated restaurant are located; the Company (as lessor) subleases the property to the franchisees that operate those restaurants. The Company also leases property it owns to the franchisees that operate approximately 50 IHOP restaurants andone Applebee's restaurant. The Company leases from a third party the real property on whichone Fuzzy's company-operated restaurant is located. The Company also leases office space for its principal corporate office in Pasadena, California and a restaurant support center in Irving, Texas. The Company does not have a significant amount of non-real estate leases.

The Company's existing leases/subleases related to IHOP restaurants generally provide for an initial term of 20 to 25 years, with most having one or more five-year renewal options. Leases related to Applebee's restaurants generally have an initial term of 10 to 20 years, with renewal terms offive to 20 years. Option periods were not included in determining liabilities and right-of-use assets related to operating leases. Approximately 295 of the Company's leases met the sales levels that required variable rent payments to the Company (as lessor), based on a percentage of restaurant sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Approximately 45 of the leases met the sales levels that required variable rent payments by the Company (as lessee), based on a percentage of restaurant sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

6. Leases (Continued)

The Company's lease (income) cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

Future minimum lease payments under noncancellable leases as lessee as of September 30, 2024 were as follows:

The weighted average remaining lease term as of September 30, 2024 was 5.6 years for finance leases and 6.0 years for operating leases. The weighted average discount rate as of September 30, 2024 was 9.2% for finance leases and 5.9% for operating leases.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company made the following cash payments for leases:

6. Leases (Continued)

The Company's income from operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

Future minimum payments to be received as lessor under noncancellable operating leases as of September 30, 2024 were as follows:

The Company's income from real estate leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

Future minimum payments to be received as lessor under noncancellable real estate leases as of September 30, 2024 were as follows:

7. Long-Term Debt

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, long-term debt consisted of the following components:

On June 5, 2019, Applebee’s Funding LLC and IHOP Funding LLC (the “Co-Issuers”), each a special purpose, wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, issuedtwo tranches of fixed rate senior secured notes, the Series 2019-14.194% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (“2019 Class A-2-I Notes”) in an initial aggregate principal amount of $700 million and the Series 2019-14.723% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II in an initial aggregate principal amount of $600 million (the “2019 Class A-2-II Notes” and, together with the 2019 Class A-2-I Notes, the “2019 Class A-2 Notes”). The 2019 Class A-2 Notes were issued pursuant to an offering exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On August 12, 2022, the Co-Issuers established a new revolving financing facility, the 2022-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes, Class A-1 (the “Credit Facility”), that allows for drawings up to $325 million of variable funding notes on a revolving basis and the issuance of letters of credit. In connection with this transaction, the Co-Issuers terminated their $225 million revolving financing facility, the 2019-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes, Class A-1.

On April 17, 2023, the Co-Issuers completed a refinancing transaction and issued $500 million of Series 2023-17.824% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2 (the “2023 Class A-2 Notes”). The 2023 Class A-2 Notes were issued pursuant to an offering exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company used the net proceeds of the 2023 Class A-2 Notes to repay the entire outstanding balance of approximately $585.1 million of the 2019 Class A-2-I Notes and to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Class A-2 Notes. The remaining 2019 Class A-2-II Notes and the Credit Facility, together with the 2023 Class A-2 Notes are referred to collectively herein as the “Notes.” The Notes were issued in securitization transactions pursuant to which substantially all the domestic revenue-generating assets and domestic intellectual property held by the Co-Issuers and certain other special-purpose, wholly-owned indirect subsidiaries of the Company (the “Guarantors”) were pledged as collateral to secure the Notes.

The Notes were issued under a Base Indenture, dated as of September 30, 2014, amended and restated as of June 5, 2019 and further amended and restated as of April 17, 2023 (the “Base Indenture”). In addition, the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes were issued under the related Series 2019-1 Supplement to the Base Indenture, dated June 5, 2019 (the “Series 2019-1 Supplement”), among the Co-Issuers and Citibank, N.A., as the trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”) and securities intermediary, the Credit Facility was issued under the related Series 2022-1 Supplement to the Base Indenture, dated August 12, 2022 (“Series 2022-1 Supplement”), among the Co-Issuers and Citibank, N.A., as Trustee and securities intermediary, and the 2023 Class A-2 Notes were issued under the related Series 2023-1 Supplement to the Base Indenture, dated April 17, 2023 (the “Series 2023-1 Supplement”), among the Co-Issuers and Citibank, N.A., as Trustee and securities intermediary. The Base Indenture, Series 2019-1 Supplement, Series 2022-1 Supplement, and Series 2023-1 Supplement (collectively, the “Indenture”) will allow the Co-Issuers to issue additional series of notes in the future subject to certain conditions set forth therein.

2019 Class A-2 Notes

The 2019 Class A-2-I Notes were voluntarily repaid in full on April 17, 2023, while the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes remain outstanding as of September 30, 2024. For a description of the 2019 Class A-2-I Notes, refer to Note 8 — Long-Term Debt of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The legal final maturity of the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes is June 2049, but rapid amortization will apply if the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes are not repaid by June 2026 (the “2019 Class A-2-II Anticipated Repayment Date”). If the Co-

Issuers have not repaid or refinanced the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes by the 2019 Class A-2-II Anticipated Repayment Date, then additional interest will accrue on the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes, as applicable, at the greater of: (A)5.0% and (B) the amount, if any, by which the sum of the following exceeds the applicable 2019 Class A-2-II Note interest rate: (x) the yield to maturity (adjusted to a quarterly bond-equivalent basis) on the 2019 Class A-2-II Anticipated Repayment Date of the United States Treasury Security having a term closest to 10 years plus (y)7.64% for the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes.

While the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes are outstanding, payment of principal and interest is required to be made on the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes on a quarterly basis. The quarterly principal payment of $1.5 million on the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes may be suspended when the leverage ratio for the Company and its subsidiaries is less than or equal to 5.25 x. Exceeding the leverage ratio of 5.25 x does not violate any covenant related to the Notes. In general, the leverage ratio is the Company's indebtedness (as defined in the Indenture) divided by adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Indenture) for the four preceding quarterly periods. The complete definitions of all calculation elements of the leverage ratio are contained in the Indenture.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company's leverage ratio was approximately 4.1 x. As a result, quarterly principal payments on the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes of $1.5 million currently are not required.

The Company may voluntarily repay the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes at any time without any associated make-whole premium.

2022 Class A-1 Notes

In August 2022, the Co-Issuers entered into the Credit Facility that allows for drawings up to $325 million of variable funding notes on a revolving basis and the issuance of letters of credit. The applicable interest rate under the Credit Facility depends on the type of borrowing by the Co-Issuers. The applicable interest rate for advances is generally calculated at a per annum rate equal to the commercial paper funding rate or one-, two-, three- or six-month Term SOFR Rate, in either case, plus 2.50%. The applicable interest rate for swingline advances and unreimbursed draws on outstanding letters of credit is a per annum base rate equal to the sum of (A) the greatest of (i) the Prime Rate in effect from time to time; (ii) the Federal Funds Rate in effect from time to time plus 0.50%; and (iii) Term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect at such time plus 0.50% plus (B)2.00%.

The legal final maturity of the Credit Facility is June 2052, but rapid amortization will apply if there are outstanding amounts under the Credit Facility after June 2027 (the “Class A-1 Renewal Date”). The Class A-1 Renewal Date may be extended at the Co-Issuers’ election for up totwo successiveone-year periods if certain conditions are met. If the Co-Issuers have not repaid or refinanced the Credit Facility by the Class A-1 Renewal Date (after giving effect to any extensions), then interest will accrue on the Credit Facility at a rate equal to 5.00% in addition to the regular interest rate applicable to the Credit Facility.

As of September 30, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Credit Facility was $100 million. The amount of $0.6 million was pledged against the Credit Facility for outstanding letters of credit, leaving $224.4 million of the Credit Facility available for borrowing at September 30, 2024. It is anticipated that any principal and interest on the Credit Facility outstanding will be repaid in full on or prior to the quarterly payment date in June 2027, subject totwo additionalone-year extensions at the option of the Company upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. The letters of credit are used primarily to satisfy insurance-related collateral requirements. The weighted average interest rate for the period outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 7.93%.

2023 Class A-2 Notes

The legal final maturity of the 2023 Class A-2 Notes is in March 2053, but it is anticipated that, unless repaid earlier to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the 2023 Class A-2 Notes will be repaid in June 2029 (the “2023 Class A-2 Anticipated Repayment Date”). If the Co-Issuers have not repaid or refinanced the 2023 Class A-2 Notes by the 2023 Class A-2 Anticipated Repayment Date, then additional interest will accrue on the 2023 Class A-2 Notes, as applicable, at the greater of: (A)5.0% and (B) the amount, if any, by which the sum of the following exceeds the Series 2023-1 Class A-2 Note interest rate: (x) the yield to maturity (adjusted to a quarterly bond-equivalent basis) on the 2023 Class A-2 Anticipated Repayment Date of the United States Treasury Security having a term closest to 10 years plus (y)9.24% for the 2023 Class A-2 Notes.

While the 2023 Class A-2 Notes are outstanding, payment of principal and interest is required to be made on the 2023 Class A-2 Notes on a quarterly basis. The quarterly principal payment of $1.25 million on the 2023 Class A-2 Notes may be suspended when the leverage ratio for the Company and its subsidiaries is less than or equal to 5.25 x.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company's leverage ratio was approximately 4.1 x. As a result, quarterly principal payments on the 2023 Class A-2 Notes of $1.25 million currently are not required.

The Company may voluntarily repay the 2023 Class A-2 Notes at any time; however, if the 2023 Class A-2 Notes are repaid prior to certain dates, the Company would be required to pay make-whole premiums. As of September 30, 2024, the make-whole premium associated with voluntary prepayment of the 2023 Class A-2 Notes was approximately $37.8 million. The Company also would be subject to a make-whole premium in the event of a mandatory prepayment required following a Rapid Amortization Event or certain asset dispositions. The mandatory make-whole premium requirements are considered derivatives embedded in the Notes that must be bifurcated for separate valuation. The Company estimated the fair value of these derivatives to be immaterial as of September 30, 2024, based on the probability-weighted discounted cash flows associated with either event.

Repurchase Program

On February 16, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a debt repurchase program of up to $100 million. Repurchases of the Company’s debt, if any, are expected to reduce future cash interest payments, as well as future amounts due at maturity or upon redemption. Under the authorization, the Company may make repurchases of the Company's debt from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions upon such terms and at such prices as management may determine.

Covenants and Restrictions

The Notes are subject to a series of covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including: (i) that the Co-Issuers maintain specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the Notes, (ii) provisions relating to optional and mandatory prepayments, and the related payment of specified amounts, including specified call redemption premiums in the case of Class A-2 Notes under certain circumstances; (iii) certain indemnification payments in the event, among other things, the transfers of the assets pledged as collateral for the Notes are in stated ways defective or ineffective and (iv) covenants relating to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters. The Notes are subject to customary rapid amortization events provided for in the Indenture, including events tied to failure of the Securitization Entities (as defined in the Indenture) to maintain the stated debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”), the sum of domestic retail sales for all restaurants being below certain levels on certain measurement dates, certain manager termination events, certain events of default and the failure to repay or refinance the Class A-2 Notes on the anticipated repayment dates. The Notes are also subject to certain customary events of default, including events relating to non-payment of required interest, principal or other amounts due on or with respect to the Notes, failure of the Securitization Entities to maintain the stated DSCR, failure to comply with covenants within certain time frames, certain bankruptcy events, breaches of specified representations and warranties and certain judgments.

In general, the DSCR ratio is Net Cash Flow (as defined in the Indenture) for the four quarters preceding the calculation date divided by the total debt service payments (as defined in the Indenture) of the preceding four quarters. The complete definitions of the DSCR and all calculation elements are contained in the Indenture. Failure to maintain a prescribed DSCR can trigger a Cash Flow Sweeping Event, A Rapid Amortization Event, a Manager Termination Event or a Default Event (each as defined in the Indenture) as described below. In a Cash Flow Sweeping Event, the Trustee is required to retain 50% of excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Indenture) in a restricted account. In a Rapid Amortization Event, all excess Cash Flow is retained and used to retire principal amounts of debt. In a Manager Termination Event, the Company may be replaced as manager of the assets securitized under the Indenture. In a Default Event, the outstanding principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest can be called to become immediately due and payable. Key DSCRs are as follows:

•DSCR less than 1.75 x - Cash Flow Sweeping Event

•DSCR less than 1.20 x - Rapid Amortization Event

•Interest-only DSCR less than 1.20 x - Manager Termination Event

•Interest-only DSCR less than 1.10 x - Default Event

The Company's DSCR for the reporting period ended September 30, 2024 was approximately 3.5 x.

Debt Issuance Costs

2023 Class A-2 Notes

The Company incurred costs of approximately $8.0 million in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Class A-2 Notes. These debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the estimated life of the 2023 Class A-2 Notes. Amortization costs of $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively, were included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Amortization costs of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, were included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, unamortized debt issuance costs of $6.5 million are reported as a direct reduction of the 2023 Series Class A-2 Notes in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

2022 Class A-1 Notes

In August 2022, the Company incurred costs of approximately $6.3 million in connection with the issuance of the Credit Facility. These debt issuance costs are being amortized over the estimated life of the Credit Facility. Amortization costs of $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of these costs were included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Amortization costs of $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, were included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.8 million related to the Credit Facility are classified as other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

2019 Class A-2 Notes

The Company incurred costs of approximately $12.9 million in connection with the issuance of the 2019 Class A-2 Notes. These debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over estimated life of each tranche of the 2019 Class A-2 Notes. Amortization costs of $0.2 million and $0.7 million were included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Amortization costs of $0.2 million and $1.3 million were included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company repaid the entire outstanding balance of approximately $585.1 million of its 2019 Class A-2-I Notes during the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 and wrote off the related remaining issuance costs of $1.7 million. As of September 30, 2024, unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.5 million are reported as a direct reduction of the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Loss (Gain) on Extinguishment of Debt

The Company purchased $67.9 million of its 2019 Class A-2-I Notes under par and recognized a $1.7 million gain on extinguishment of debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

In connection with the repayment of the 2019 Class A-2-I Notes, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.7 million, representing the remaining unamortized costs related to the 2019 Class A-2-I Notes, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Maturities of Long-term Debt

•The final maturity of the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes is in June 2049, but it is anticipated that, unless repaid earlier, the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes will be repaid in June 2026.

•The final maturity of the 2023 Class A-2 Notes is in March 2053, but it is anticipated that, unless repaid earlier, to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the 2023 Class A-2 Notes will be repaid in June 2029.

•The renewal date of the Credit Facility is June 2027, subject totwo additionalone-year extensions at the option of the Company upon the satisfaction of certain conditions.

•Quarterly principal payments on the 2019 Class A-2-II Notes totaling $1.5 million ($6.0 million per annum) are required if the Company's leverage ratio is greater than 5.25 x.

•Quarterly principal payments on the 2023 Class A-2 Notes totaling $1.25 million ($5.0 million per annum) are required if the Company's leverage ratio is greater than 5.25 x.

8. Stockholders' Deficit

Dividends

Dividends declared and paid per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid dividends of $23.5 million and $31.7 million, respectively.

8. Stockholders' Deficit (Continued)

On September 5, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a third quarter 2024 cash dividend of $0.51 per share of common stock, paid on October 8, 2024 to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 20, 2024.

On May 14, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a second quarter 2024 cash dividend of $0.51 per share of common stock, paid on July 5, 2024 to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 20, 2024.

On February 26, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a first quarter 2024 cash dividend of $0.51 per share of common stock, paid on April 5, 2024 to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 20, 2024.

On November 30, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a fourth quarter 2023 cash dividend of $0.51 per share of common stock, paid on January 5, 2024 to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 20, 2023.

Stock Repurchase Program

In February 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program, effective April 1, 2022, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $250 million of the Company’s common stock (the “2022 Repurchase Program”) on an opportunistic basis from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions based on business, market, applicable legal requirements and other considerations. The 2022 Repurchase Program, as approved by the Board of Directors, does not require the repurchase of a specific number of shares and can be terminated at any time.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 269,621 shares of common stock at a cost of $12.0 million. Cumulatively, the Company repurchased 1,865,399 shares at a cost of $116.7 million. As of September 30, 2024, a remaining amount of $133.3 million in the value of shares may be repurchased under the 2022 Repurchase Program.

Treasury Stock

Repurchases of the Company's common stock are included in treasury stock at the cost of shares repurchased plus any transaction costs. Treasury stock may be re-issued when stock options are exercised, when restricted stock awards are granted and when restricted stock units settle in stock upon vesting. The cost of treasury stock re-issued is determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company re-issued 280,953 shares of treasury stock at a total FIFO cost of $13.6 million.

9. Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate was 26.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 25.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was higher than the rate of the prior comparable period primarily due to a lower tax deduction related to stock-based compensation.

The total gross unrecognized tax benefit as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $2.6 million and $3.5 million, respectively, excluding interest, penalties and related income tax benefits. The Company estimates the unrecognized tax benefit as of September 30, 2024 may decrease over the upcoming 12 months by $0.1 million related to settlements with taxing authorities and statute of limitations expirations. For the remaining liability, due to the uncertainties related to these tax matters, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate as to when cash settlement with a taxing authority will occur.

As of September 30, 2024, the accrued interest was $0.8 million, excluding any related income tax benefits. As of December 31, 2023, the accrued interest was $0.9 million, excluding any related income tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as a component of the income tax provision recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The Company files federal income tax returns and the Company or one of its subsidiaries file income tax returns in various state and international jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020 and state or non-United States tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019. The Company believes that adequate reserves have been provided relating to all matters contained in the tax periods open to examination.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income:

As of September 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense of $19.1 million related to restricted stock and restricted stock units and $3.4 million related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years for restricted stock and restricted stock units and 1.5 years for stock options.

Fair Value Assumptions

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model for stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

Equity Classified Awards - Stock Options

Stock option balances at September 30, 2024, and activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day of the third quarter of 2024 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on September 30, 2024. The aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock and the number of in-the-money options.

10. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

Equity Classified Awards - Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

Outstanding balances as of September 30, 2024, and activity related to restricted stock and restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows:

Liability Classified Awards - Long-Term Incentive Awards

The Company has granted cash long-term incentive awards (“LTIP awards”) to certain employees. Annual LTIP awards vest over athree-year period and are determined using multipliers from 0% to 200% of the target award based on the total stockholder return of Dine Brands Global common stock compared to the total stockholder returns of a peer group of companies. The awards are considered stock-based compensation and are classified as liabilities measured at fair value as of the respective period end. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, an expense of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, were included in total stock-based compensation expense related to LTIP awards. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, an expense of $0.2 million and a credit of $0.4 million, respectively, were included in total stock-based compensation expense related to LTIP awards. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, liabilities of $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, related to LTIP awards were included as part of accrued employee compensation and benefits and other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

11. Net Income per Share

The computation of the Company's basic and diluted net income per share is as follows:

12. Segments

The Company identifies its reporting segments based on the organizational units used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. The Company currently hassix operating segments: Applebee's franchise operations, IHOP franchise operations, Fuzzy's franchise operations, rental operations, financing operations, and company-operated restaurant operations. The Company hasfour reporting segments: franchise operations (an aggregation of each restaurant concept's franchise operations), company-operated restaurant operations, rental operations and financing operations.

As of September 30, 2024, the franchise operations segment consisted of 1,618 restaurants operated by Applebee’s franchisees in the United States, two U.S. territories and 14 countries outside the United States;1,809 restaurants operated by IHOP franchisees and area licensees in the United States, two U.S. territories and 14 countries outside the United States; and 118 restaurants operated by Fuzzy's franchisees in the United States. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues, franchise advertising revenue, sales of proprietary products to franchisees, and other franchise fees. Franchise operations expenses include advertising expense, the cost of proprietary products, pre-opening training expenses and other franchise-related costs.

Rental operations revenue includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from real estate leases. Rental operations expenses are costs of operating leases and interest expense from finance leases on which the Company is the lessee.

Financing operations revenue primarily consists of interest income from the financing of IHOP equipment leases and franchise fees and interest income on notes receivable due from franchisees. Financing operations expenses primarily are the cost of taxes related to IHOP equipment leases.

In December 2022, three company-operated Fuzzy's restaurants were acquired, of whichtwo were subsequently refranchised in the second quarter of 2023. As of September 30, 2024, the company restaurants segment consisted ofone company-operated Fuzzy's restaurant located in the United States. Company-operated restaurant operation revenue consists of retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company-operated restaurant operation expenses are operating expenses such as food, beverage, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other operating costs.

Information on segments is as follows:

Dine Brand Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries

12. Segments (Continued)

13. Closure and Impairment Charges

Closure and impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

The closure charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were related to the establishment of or revisions to existing closure reserves, including accretion, primarily for 21 IHOP restaurants closed prior to December 31, 2023.

The closure charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were related to revisions to existing closure reserves, including accretion, for approximately 30 IHOP restaurants.

The long-lived asset impairment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 related to the impairment offour IHOP master land and building leases. The long-lived asset impairment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily related to technology that was developed in connection with the IHOP Flip'd initiative that was stopped, and the impairment offour IHOP master land and building leases in the third quarter of 2023.

14. Fair Value Measurements

The Company does not have a material amount of financial assets or liabilities that are required under U.S. GAAP to be measured on a recurring basis at fair value. The Company is not a party to any material derivative financial instruments. The Company does not have a material amount of non-financial assets or non-financial liabilities that are required under U.S. GAAP to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company has not elected to use the fair value measurement option, as permitted under U.S. GAAP, for any assets or liabilities for which fair value measurement is not presently required.

The Company believes the fair values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their carrying amounts due to their short duration.

14. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The fair values of the Company's long-term debt, excluding the Credit Facility, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

The fair values were determined based on Level 2 inputs, including information gathered from brokers who trade in the Company’s long-term debt, as well as information on notes that are similar to those of the Company.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation, Claims and Disputes

The Company is subject to various lawsuits, administrative proceedings, audits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these lawsuits purport to be class actions and/or seek substantial damages. The Company is required under U.S. GAAP to record an accrual for litigation loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. Legal fees and expenses associated with the defense of all of the Company's litigation are expensed as such fees and expenses are incurred. Management regularly assesses the Company's insurance coverage, analyzes litigation information with the Company's attorneys and evaluates the Company's loss experience in connection with pending legal proceedings. While the Company does not presently believe that any of the legal proceedings to which it is currently a party will ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Company, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail in all the proceedings the Company is party to, or that the Company will not incur material losses from them.

Lease Guarantees

In connection with the refranchising of Applebee’s restaurants to franchisees, the Company has, in certain cases, guaranteed or has potential continuing liability for lease payments totaling $367.6 million as of September 30, 2024. This amount represents the maximum potential liability for future payments under these leases. These leases have been assigned to the buyers and expire at the end of the respective lease terms, which range from 2024 through 2058. Excluding unexercised option periods, the Company's potential liability for future payments under these leases is $91.6 million. In the event of default, the indemnity and default clauses in the sale or assignment agreements govern the Company's ability to pursue and recover damages incurred.

16. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investment securities with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. These cash equivalents are stated at cost which approximates market value. Cash held related to IHOP advertising funds and the Company's gift card programs is not considered to be restricted cash as there are no restrictions on the use of these funds.

The components of cash and cash equivalents were as follows:

Current Restricted Cash

Current restricted cash primarily consisted of funds required to be held in trust in connection with the Company's securitized debt and funds from Applebee's franchisees pursuant to franchise agreements, usage of which was restricted to advertising activities.

16. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Continued)

The components of current restricted cash were as follows:

Non-current Restricted Cash

Non-current restricted cash was $19.5 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and represents interest reserves required to be set aside for the duration of the Company's securitized debt.