SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COVA

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Other Information

Shenandoah Telecommunications Company and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Shentel”, “we”, “our”, “us”, or the “Company”) provide broadband data, video and voice services to residential and commercial customers in portions of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Delaware, Ohio and Indiana, via fiber optic and hybrid fiber coaxial cable networks. We also lease dark fiber and provide Ethernet and Wavelength fiber optic services to enterprise and wholesale customers throughout the entirety of our service area. Shentel’s Broadband business also provides voice and DSL telephone services as a Rural Local Exchange Carrier (“RLEC”) to customers in Shenandoah County and portions of adjacent counties in Virginia, and in Ross County and portions of adjacent counties in Ohio. These integrated networks are connected by a fiber network.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. All normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Certain disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for theyear ended December 31, 2023.

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures. On an on-going basis we evaluate significant estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, estimated useful lives of assets, impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, intangible assets subject to amortization, the computation of income taxes and the fair value of interest rate swaps. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty; accordingly, the Company’s accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements will change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained, and as the Company’s operating environment changes. Management evaluates and updates assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Horizon Transaction

On April 1, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), Shentel completed its previously announced acquisition of Horizon Acquisition Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Horizon”), pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 24, 2023, by and among Shentel, Horizon, the sellers set forth on the signature pages thereto (each, a “Seller” and collectively, the “Sellers”) and the other parties thereto (as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated April 1, 2024, the “Merger Agreement”). Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, Shentel acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Horizon in exchange for (i) issuing 4,100,375 shares of Shentel’s common stock, no par value (“Common Stock”), to an investment fund managed by affiliates of GCM Grosvenor, which is one of the Sellers (the “Selling Shareholder”); and (ii) paying $305 million in cash consideration to the other Sellers and certain third parties, including Horizon’s existing lenders to discharge debt (collectively, the “Horizon Transaction”). Cash consideration paid also included purchase price adjustments for capital expenditure reimbursements and working capital subject to subsequent adjustments as defined in the merger agreement. The Selling Shareholder agreed to an investor rights agreement with the Company that includes among other provision, aone year lockup period for the shares of Common Stock received.

Horizon is a leading commercial fiber provider in Ohio and adjacent states serving national wireless providers, carriers, enterprises, and government, education and healthcare customers. The acquisition of Horizon will allow Shentel to advance its fiber expansion strategy by doubling the size of the Company’s commercial fiber business and adding new expansion markets for its Glo Fiber business.

Refer to Note 2, Acquisition of Horizon, for more information regarding the Horizon Transaction and its impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Series A Preferred Stock

Contemporaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement, on October 24, 2023, Shentel and Shentel Broadband Holding Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shentel (“Shentel Broadband”), entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with ECP Fiber Holdings, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“ECP Investor”), and, solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, Hill City Holdings, LP, a Delaware limited partnership affiliated with ECP Investor. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Investment Agreement, on the Closing Date, Shentel Broadband issued to ECP Investor 81,000 shares of Shentel Broadband’s 7% Series A Participating Exchangeable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $1,000 per share in exchange for $81 million in cash. The Series A Preferred Stock is exchangeable at the option of the Investor in certain circumstances for shares of Common Stock at an exchange price of $24.50 per share (as it may be adjusted pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, the “Exchange Price”).

As a condition to closing the transactions contemplated by the Investment Agreement and Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement, Shentel completed a corporate reorganization of Shentel’s subsidiaries (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization effected on the Closing Date, Shentel Broadband Operations LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shentel Broadband, holds or has equity interest in substantially all of the operating assets of Shentel and was assigned and assumed the Credit Agreement.

On the Closing Date, Shentel Broadband filed a certificate of designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware authorizing 100,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and setting forth the powers, designations, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the Series A Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designations”). The Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to Shentel’s Common Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and with respect to the distribution of assets upon Shentel Broadband’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock accrue at 7% per annum compounded and payable quarterly in arrears, and, at Shentel’s option, may be paid in cash or in kind (such dividends paid in kind, “PIK Dividends”). The PIK Dividend rate is subject to increase to 8.5% and 10% after the fifth and seventh anniversaries of the Closing Date, respectively, to the extent any dividends accrued during the period from and including such anniversary dates are paid in the form of PIK Dividends.

Beginningtwo years after the Closing Date, Shentel may require the Investor to exchange the Series A Preferred Stock for shares of Common Stock if the price per share of the Common Stock exceeds 125% of the Exchange Price, subject to certain conditions. After five years, Shentel may redeem all of the Series A Preferred Stock for the greater of (i) $1,000 per share, plus (a) any accrued PIK Dividend amount and (b) accrued and unpaid dividends to, but excluding the redemption date (to the extent such accrued and unpaid dividends are not included in such PIK Dividend amount), and (ii) the value of the shares of Common Stock for which such Series A Preferred Stock are exchangeable.

Under the terms of the Investment Agreement, the Investor has the right to nominate a director to the Board so long as the Investor beneficially owns at least 7.5% of Shentel’s outstanding Common Stock (including on an as exchanged basis with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock).

So long as the Investor beneficially owns at least 7.5% of Shentel’s outstanding Common Stock (including on an as exchanged basis with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock), the Investor is subject to certain standstill provisions and voting covenants and has certain other rights with respect to the shares of Series A Preferred Stock, including, among others, pre-emptive, information and participation rights. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock are subject to a lock-up until the first anniversary of the Closing Date and are subject to certain other transfer restrictions.

Refer to Note 12, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, for more information regarding the Series A Preferred Stock and its impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement

On April 1, 2024, Shentel entered into Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, Incremental Term Loan Funding Agreement, Joinder and Assignment and Assumption (the “Third Amendment”) to its existing Credit Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2021, with various financial institutions party thereto (the “Lenders”) and CoBank, ACB, as administrative agent for the Lenders (as previously amended by Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2023, and Consent and Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated October 24, 2023, the “Credit Agreement”).

The Third Amendment provides for, among other things, incremental delay draw term loan commitments under the Credit Agreement in an aggregate amount equal to $225 million and an increase in the revolving commitment under the Credit Agreement in an amount equal to $50 million. Refer to Note 9, Debt, for more information regarding the Credit Agreement.

Sale of Shentel’s Tower Portfolio

On March 29, 2024, Shenandoah Mobile, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, completed the initial closing of its previously disclosed sale of substantially all of Shentel’s tower portfolio and operations (“Tower Portfolio”) to Vertical Bridge Holdco, LLC for $309.9 million (the “Tower Transaction”). The Company received $305.8 million, net of certain transaction costs at the time of the initial closing. At the initial close, the Company conveyed sites representing approximately 99.5% of the tower portfolio value. The Company expects to convey the remaining tower sites in the portfolio by the end of March 2025. The Tower Transaction was completed pursuant to the terms of a Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated February 29, 2024, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated March 29, 2024.

The Tower Portfolio represented substantially all of the assets and operations in Shentel’s previously reported Tower Reporting Segment and the Tower Transaction represented a strategic shift in the Company’s business. Consequently, the Tower Portfolio has been reclassified as a discontinued operation. For all periods presented, the assets and liabilities that transferred in the Tower Transaction (the “disposal group”) are presented as held for sale in ourunaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, and operating results and cash flows related to the Tower Portfolio were reflected as a discontinued operations in ourunaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income and unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Refer to Note 16, Discontinued Operations, for more information regarding the presentation of the disposal group in the Company’s financial statements.

As a result of the sale of the Tower Portfolio, the Company hasone reportable segment. Consequently, segment reporting previously disclosed is no longer applicable.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

There have been no material developments related to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and note disclosures from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, that would be expected to impact the Company.

Note 2. Acquisition of Horizon

The Company accounted for the Horizon Transaction under the acquisition method of accounting, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, “Business Combinations”. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition based on their estimated fair values. Fair values are determined using the income approach, market approach and/or cost approach depending on the nature of the asset or liability being valued and the reliability of available information. The income approach estimates fair value by discounting associated lifetime expected future cash flows to their present value and relies on significant assumptions regarding future revenues, expenses, working capital levels and discount rates. The market approach estimates fair value by analyzing recent actual market transactions for similar assets or liabilities. The cost approach estimates fair value based on the expected cost to replace or reproduce the asset or liability and relies on assumptions regarding the occurrence and extent of any physical, functional and/or economic obsolescence.

The total purchase price used to apply the acquisition method was $416.2 million, which consisted of $349.4 million of cash consideration paid and $71.8 million of common stock, representing the fair value of 4,100,375 shares of Shentel’s common stock issued to a selling shareholder of Horizon. The fair value of Shentel’s common stock issued was determined on the basis of the opening market price of the common stock on the acquisition date. The purchase price is subject to adjustment for certain working capital adjustments and post-closing indemnities. The cash consideration paid was primarily financed with proceeds from the sale of Shentel’s Tower Portfolio and cash on-hand.

The allocation of the purchase price was based upon management’s preliminary valuation of the fair values of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Horizon Transaction, with the excess recorded as goodwill. The Company expects to finalize the valuation and complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date. The fair value of acquired identifiable assets and liabilties, including but not limited to, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, operating lease right-of-use assets, deferred tax liabilities, and non-current operating lease liabilities, and the resulting impact on goodwill recognized, are provisional pending receipt of the final valuations for these balances.

Finalization of the purchase price allocations is dependent on final review and acceptance of the independent appraiser’s valuation report.

Current and other assets acquired include $6.1 million of accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.3 million. Intangible assets acquired primarily relate to customer relationships. The customer relationships are valued using the cost approach to determine the cost that would be incurred to replace these assets. These represent finite-lived intangibles which are being amortized over the assets’ useful lives, which is estimated to beten years.

The Company has included the results of the operations of Horizon for financial reporting purposes for the period subsequent to the date of acquisition.

In connection with the acquisition, Shentel incurred acquisition-related costs of $6.7 million and $7.1 million related to banking, legal, accounting, and other similar services for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Shentel also incurred severance costs for employees who will not be retained permanently. These costs are recorded as integration and acquisition expenses in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

Horizon’s revenue of $16.7 million and loss before income taxes of $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 are included in Shentel’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The unaudited pro forma results of the Company, as if the Horizon Transaction had occurred on January 1, 2023, are as follows:

The pro forma disclosures shown above are based upon estimated preliminary valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as well as preliminary estimates of depreciation and amortization charges thereon, that may differ from the final fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities and the resulting depreciation and amortization charges thereon. Other pro forma adjustments include the following:

•historical depreciation expense was adjusted for the fair value adjustment increasing the basis of property, plant and equipment; this decrease was offset by a shorter estimated useful life to conform to the Company’s standard policy and the acceleration of depreciation on certain equipment;

•incremental amortization due to the customer-based contract rights associated with acquired customers; and

•removal of Horizon’s interest expense and amortization of deferred financing fees due to the repayment of the outstanding principal of Horizon’s debt.

Note 3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company’s revenues by activity type are as follows:

1. Incumbent Broadband Markets consists of Shentel Incumbent Cable Markets and Horizon Incumbent Telephone Markets with Fiber-To-The-Home (“FTTH”) passings.

2. Glo Fiber Expansion Markets consists of FTTH passings in greenfield expansion markets in the Shentel and former Horizon markets.

Shentel updated the description for revenues previously reported as “Residential & SMB - Cable Markets” to “Residential & SMB - Incumbent Broadband Markets” and updated the description for revenues previously reported as “Residential & SMB - Glo Fiber Markets” to “Residential & SMB - Glo Fiber Expansion Markets.”

Contract Assets

The Company’s contract assets primarily include commissions incurred to acquire contracts with customers. The Company incurs commission expenses related to in-house and third-party vendors which are capitalized and amortized over the expected customer benefit period which is approximatelysix years. The Company’s current contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other and the Company’s non-current contract assets are included in deferred charges and other assets in its unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of capitalized commission expenses is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

The following tables present the activity of current and non-current contract assets:

Contract Liabilities

The Company’s contract liabilities include services that are billed in advance and recorded as deferred revenue, as well as installation fees that are charged upfront without transfer of commensurate goods or services to the customer. The Company’s current contract liabilities are included in advanced billings and customer deposits in its unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and the Company’s non-current contract liabilities are included in other liabilities in its unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Shentel’s current contract liability balances were $11.7 million and $10.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Shentel’s non-current contract liability balances were $4.2 million and $1.0 million as of June 30, 2024 and

December 31, 2023, respectively. Shentel expects its current contract liability balances to be recognized as revenues during the twelve-month periods following the respective balance sheet dates and its non-current contract liability balances to be recognized as revenues after the twelve-month periods following the respective balance sheet dates.

Note 4. Investments

Investments consist of the following:

SERP investments at fair value: The fair value of the SERP investments are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Cost method investments: Shentel’s investment in CoBank’s Class A common stock, derived from the CoBank patronage program, represented substantially all of the Company’s cost method investments with a balance of $11.8 million and $10.1 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Shentel recognized approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million of patronage income in other income for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and approximately $0.7 million and $0.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company expects that approximately 88% of the patronage distributions will be collected in cash and 12% in equity in 2024.

Prior to the Horizon Transaction, Horizon held a $1.6 million investment in CoBank’s Class A common stock. Consequently, the value of Shentel’s investment in CoBank increased by a corresponding amount as a result of the Horizon Transaction.

Note 5. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

Property, plant and equipment, net increased due primarily to capital expenditures driven by the Company’s Glo Fiber market expansion and assets acquired as a result of the Horizon Transaction. The Company’s accounts payable as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included amounts associated with capital expenditures of approximately $54.6 million and $51.1 million, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense was $25.1 million and $15.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $42.4 million and $30.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets consist of the following:

Shentel recognized $74.6 million of goodwill, $14.0 million of subscriber relationships and $0.2 million of other intangible assets as a result of the Horizon Transaction. The goodwill recognized primarily consists of synergies expected from combining the operations of Horizon and Shentel and intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition, including an assembled workforce. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Amortization expense was $0.5 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $0.6 million and $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 7. Other Assets and Accrued Liabilities

Prepaid expenses and other, classified as current assets, included the following:

Deferred charges and other assets, classified as long-term assets, included the following:

Accrued liabilities and other, classified as current liabilities, included the following:

Other liabilities, classified as long-term liabilities, included the following:

Note 8. Leases

The Company leases various broadband network and telecommunications sites, fiber optic cable routes, warehouses, retail stores and office facilities for use in our business.

The components of lease costs were as follows:

(1)Operating lease expense is presented in cost of services or selling, general and administrative expense based on the use of the relevant facility.

The following table summarizes the expected maturity of lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024:

Other information related to operating and finance leases was as follows:

The Company also has arrangements which generate lease revenue through operating lease agreements for the use of spare fiber capacity of its fiber network assets. Contract terms for these arrangements can range from 1 to 40 years and are billed monthly. Lease revenue from these arrangements was $1.7 million and $2.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.6 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. These amounts are presented in service revenue and other in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. Contractual minimum rental receipts expected under the lease agreements in place as of June 30, 2024 is as follows:

Note 9. Debt

Shentel Broadband Operations LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Shentel, has a credit agreement, dated as of July 1, 2021 (as amended by (i) Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2023, (ii) Consent and Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2023, and (iii) Amendment No. 3, dated as of April 1, 2024, the “Credit Agreement”), with various financial institutions party thereto (the “Lenders”) and CoBank, ACB, as administrative agent for the Lenders, which contains (i) a $150 million available revolving credit facility due June 2026 (the “Revolver”), (ii) a $150 million delayed draw amortizing term loan due June 2026 (“Term Loan A-1”), (iii) a $150 million delayed draw amortizing term loan due June 2028 (“Term Loan A-2”), and (iv) a $225 million delayed draw amortizing term loan due June 2028 (“Term Loan A-3” and collectively with Term Loan A-1 and Term Loan A-2, the “Term Loans”). The following loans were outstanding under the Credit Agreement:

Both Term Loan A-1 and Term Loan A-2 bore interest at one-month LIBOR plus a margin until May 2023 and now bear interest at one-month term SOFR plus a margin. The margin is variable and determined by the Company’s net leverage ratio. At June 30, 2024, Term Loan A-1 had a margin of 1.85% and Term Loan A-2 had a margin of 2.10%. Interest is paid monthly. The interest rate was 7.19% for Term Loan A-1 at June 30, 2024 and 7.44% for Term Loan A-2 at June 30, 2024. The interest rate was 6.95% for both Term Loan A-1 and Term Loan A-2 at December 31, 2023.

Interest expense recorded in Shentel’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income consists of the following:

The Credit Agreement includes various covenants, including total net leverage ratio and debt service coverage ratio financial covenants.

Shentel’s Term Loans require quarterly payments based on a percentage of the outstanding balance. Based on the outstanding balance as of June 30, 2024, Term Loan A-1 required quarterly principal repayments of 0.63% from March 31, 2024 through June 30, 2024; then increasing to 1.25% quarterly from September 30, 2024 through March 31, 2026, with the remaining balance due June 30, 2026. Based on the outstanding balance as of June 30, 2024, Term Loan A-2 requires quarterly principal repayments of 0.25% from March 31, 2024 through March 31, 2028, with the remaining balance due June 30, 2028.

Shentel has not made any borrowings under its Revolver or Term Loan A-3 as of June 30, 2024. In the event borrowings are made in the future, the entire outstanding principal amount borrowed against the Revolver is due June 30, 2026 and the entire outstanding principal amount borrowed against Term Loan A-3 is due July 1, 2028.

The following table summarizes the expected payments of Shentel’s outstanding borrowings as of June 30, 2024:

Although no borrowings have been executed under the Revolver, Shentel has executed letter of credit arrangements totaling $7.0 million that reduce the available balance of the Revolver. The letter of credit arrangements were executed primarily pursuant to the requirements of the National Telecommunications and Information (“NTIA”) government grant program, discussed further in Note 14, Government Grants. These amounts are not considered borrowed, as no cash has been disbursed to Shentel or other parties.

The Credit Agreement is fully secured by a pledge and unconditional guarantee from the Company and all of its subsidiaries, except Shenandoah Telephone Company. This provides the lenders a security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company.

Note 10. Derivatives and Hedging

During the second quarter of 2023, Shentel entered into pay fixed (2.90%), receive variable (one-month term SOFR) interest rate swaps totaling $150.0 million of notional principal (the “Swaps”). The Swaps contain monthly payment terms that became effective in May 2024, which extend through their maturity dates in June 2026. The Swaps are designated as cash flow hedges, representing 50% of the Company’s outstanding debt under Term Loan A-1 and Term Loan A-2. The Company uses the Swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate risk for its long-term variable-rate Term Loans.

The Swaps were determined to be highly effective hedges and therefore all change in the fair value of the Swaps was recognized in other comprehensive income.

The table below presents the fair value of the Swaps as well as their classification in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of these instruments was estimated using an income approach and observable market inputs (Level 2):

The table below summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component:

Note 11. Income Taxes

The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns and various state income tax returns. The Company is currently involved in one state income tax audit and no federal income tax audits as of June 30, 2024. The Company’s income tax returns are generally open to examination from 2020 forward and the net operating losses acquired in the acquisition of nTelos are open to examination from 2004 forward.

The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, differ from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the state income taxes, excess tax benefits and other discrete items.

The Company made $7.3 million in payments and received $0.2 million in refunds for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company received $25.6 million in cash refunds for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Note 12. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

As discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Other Information, Shentel Broadband, a subsidiary of Shentel, issued 81,000 shares of Shentel Broadband’s Series A Preferred Stock in exchange for $81 million in cash. The Series A Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.01 per share. As of June 30, 2024,100,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were authorized for issuance and 81,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were outstanding.

Shentel has applied the guidance in ASC 480‑10‑S99‑3A, “SEC Staff Announcement: Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities”, and has therefore classified the Series A Preferred Stock outside of shareholders’ equity on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets because the shares contain liquidation features that are not solely within the Company's control. The Series A Preferred Stock was recorded at its fair value on the date of issuance, net of $1.6 million of issuance costs. The Company does not adjust the carrying value of the Series A Preferred Stock to the liquidation preference of such shares because of the uncertainty of whether or when a liquidation event would occur. Subsequent adjustments to increase the carrying value to the liquidation preferences will be made only when it becomes probable that such a liquidation event will occur. Furthermore, the Company classifies the Series A Preferred Stock as redeemable noncontrolling interest due to the fact that the Series A Preferred Stock is issued by its subsidiary, Shentel Broadband.

As discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Other Information, the Company must pay either a cash or PIK Dividend related to the Series A Preferred Stock on a quarterly basis. The first dividend was issued as a PIK Dividend on July 15, 2024. The PIK Dividend resulted in a $1.4 million increase in the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock.

As described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Other Information, the Series A Preferred Stock is exchangeable at the option of the Investor or Shentel in certain circumstances for shares of Common Stock at an exchange price of $24.50 per share. As of June 30, 2024, the Series A Preferred Stock was exchangeable for 3,306,122 shares of Common Stock.

Note 13. Stock Compensation and Earnings (Loss) per Share

Activity related to the Company’s restricted stock units (“RSUs”), which includes the Company’s RSUs and performance stock units (“PSUs”), was as follows:

The total fair value of RSUs vested was $5.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Activity related to the Company’s Relative Total Shareholder Return RSUs (“RTSRs”) was as follows:

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:

As of June 30, 2024, there was $12.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs and RTSRs which is expected to be recognized over weighted average period of 2.5 years.

The following table indicates the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:

As discussed in Note 12, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, no PIK Dividends were declared or paid during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023; therefore, no income has been attributed to redeemable noncontrolling interest for purposes of calculating basic net income per share.

The Company determines the dilutive impact of equity awards and the Series A Preferred Stock (on an as-converted basis) by applying the treasury stock method and the if-converted method, respectively. There were approximately 392,000 and 444,000 potentially dilutive equity awards during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively; however, these shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding due to the fact that they were anti-dilutive as a result of the Company's loss from continuing operations for the periods. There were also approximately 3,306,000 potentially dilutive shares related to the Series A Preferred Stock (on an as-converted basis) during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2024; however, these shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding due to the fact that they were anti-dilutive as a result of the Company's loss from continuing operations for the periods. There were approximately 327,000 and 239,000 potentially dilutive equity awards during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively; however, these shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding due to the fact that they were anti-dilutive as a result of the Company's loss from continuing operations for the periods.

Note 14. Government Grants

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, Shentel was awarded an additional grant of $0.6 million to strategically expand the Company’s broadband network in order to provide broadband services to unserved residences.

The Company recognizes grant receivables at the time it becomes probable that the Company will be eligible to receive the grant, which is estimated to correspond with the date when specified build-out milestones are achieved. As a result of these programs, the Company received $5.0 million and $7.7 million in cash reimbursements during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and had approximately $2.8 million and $1.9 million in accounts receivable as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company did not recognize any material amounts under these programs during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Prior to the Horizon Transaction, Horizon entered into agreements with the Department of Development in Ohio under the state’s Ohio Residential Broadband Expansion program. As part of these agreements, Horizon committed to expand its broadband network resulting in total project costs of $57.4 million, with government matching grants totaling $30.1 million. Approximately $18.0 million of the grant was paid to Horizon up-front, while the remainder will be paid upon the achievement of specified milestones. Shentel assumed these agreements as a result of the Horizon Transaction and is therefore obligated under these programs to continue the build-out of this network. If Shentel fails to complete the build-out, Shentel may be required to repay a portion or all of the grant that Horizon received prior to the acquisition. Consequently, the portion of the up-front grant payment associated with unfulfilled obligations is recorded in other liabilities in the Company’sunaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Consistent with Shentel’s existing policy for accounting for government grants, the Company reclassifies amounts from other liabilities to reduce the related property, plant and equipment as the Company fulfills its obligations under this grant program. As of June 30, 2024, $14.8 million of this liability remained in other liabilities. Horizon was also granted $27.5 million by the NTIA under its Middle Mile Grant Program. This grant was awarded post-acquisition during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies

We are committed to make payments to satisfy our lease liabilities. The scheduled payments under those obligations are summarized in Note 8, Leases. We also have outstanding unconditional purchase commitments to procure marketing services and IT software licenses through 2027.

From time to time the Company is involved in various litigation matters arising out of the normal course of business. The Company consults with legal counsel on those issues related to litigation and seeks input from other experts and advisors with respect to such matters. Estimating the probable losses or a range of probable losses resulting from litigation, government actions and other legal proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages, may involve discretionary amounts, present novel legal theories, are in the early stages of the proceedings, or are subject to appeal. Whether any losses, damages or remedies ultimately resulting from such matters could reasonably have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including, for example, the timing and amount of such losses or damages (if any) and the structure and type of any such remedies. The Company’s management does not presently expect any litigation matters to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Note 16. Discontinued Operations

As discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Other Information above, the Tower Transaction represented a strategic shift in the Company’s business and the Tower Portfolio has been reclassified as a discontinued operation. As a result, for all periods presented, the assets and liabilities that transferred in the Tower Transaction disposal group are presented as held for sale in the Company’sunaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, and operating results and cash flows related to the Tower Portfolio were reflected as a discontinued operations in ourunaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income and unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities, classified as held for sale in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, were as follows:

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income consist of the following for the periods:

Consummation of the sale triggered the recognition of approximately $4.4 million of incremental transaction costs during thesix months ended June 30, 2024, for contingent deal advisory fees and legal expenses, which are netted against the gain on sale of disposition of Tower Portfolio.