AMERICAN STATES WATER CO

AMERICAN STATES WATER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

AND

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 —Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations: American States Water Company (“AWR”) is the parent company of Golden State Water Company (“GSWC”), Bear Valley Electric Service Inc. (“BVES”), and American States Utility Services, Inc. (“ASUS”) (and its subsidiaries, Fort Bliss Water Services Company (“FBWS”), Old Dominion Utility Services, Inc. (“ODUS”), Terrapin Utility Services, Inc. (“TUS”), Palmetto State Utility Services, Inc. (“PSUS”), Old North Utility Services, Inc. (“ONUS”), Emerald Coast Utility Services, Inc. (“ECUS”), Fort Riley Utility Services, Inc. (“FRUS”), Bay State Utility Services LLC (“BSUS”), and Patuxent River Utility Services LLC (“PRUS”)). AWR and its subsidiaries may be collectively referred to as “the Company.” AWR, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, serves overone million people inten states.

GSWC and BVES are both California public utilities. GSWC is engaged in the purchase, production, distribution and sale of water throughout California serving approximately 264,200 customer connections. BVES distributes electricity in several San Bernardino County mountain communities in California serving approximately 24,800 customer connections. The California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) regulates GSWC’s and BVES’s businesses in matters including properties, rates, services, facilities, and transactions between GSWC, BVES, and their affiliates.

ASUS, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, operates, maintains and performs construction activities (including renewal and replacement capital work) on water and/or wastewater systems at various U.S. military bases pursuant to initial 50-year firm fixed-price contracts with the U.S. government andone 15-year contract with the U.S. government. These contracts are subject to annual economic price adjustments and modifications for changes in circumstances, changes in laws and regulations, and additions to the contract value for new construction of facilities at the military bases. ASUS also from time to time performs construction services on military bases as a subcontractor or pursuant to a task order agreement.

In August and September of 2023, ASUS was awarded new contracts with the U.S. government to servetwo military bases for which operations began in April 2024. After completion of the transition periods, ASUS has begun operating the water and wastewater utility systems at Naval Air Station Patuxent River in Maryland under a 50-year privatization contract with the U.S. government and at Joint Base Cape Cod in Massachusetts under a 15-year contract with the U.S. government. Operations commenced at Naval Air Station Patuxent River on April 1, 2024. The value of this contract is estimated at approximately $349 million over a 50-year period and is subject to an inventory adjustment and annual economic price adjustments. Operations at Joint Base Cape Cod commenced on April 15, 2024. Under this contract, ASUS will perform work through the annual issuance of task orders by the U.S. government over a 15-year period up to a maximum value to ASUS of $75.0 million subject to adjustments as task orders are issued. In April 2024, the U.S. government awarded a task order valued at$4.1 million to ASUS for the first year of operation, maintenance, and renewal and replacement services of the water and wastewater systems at Joint Base Cape Cod.

There is no direct regulatory oversight by the CPUC over AWR or the operations, rates or services provided by ASUS or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation: The consolidated financial statements and notes hereto are presented in a combined report filed bytwo separate Registrants: AWR and GSWC. References in this report to “Registrant” are to AWR and GSWC, collectively, unless otherwise specified. AWR owns all of the outstanding common shares of GSWC, BVES and ASUS. ASUS owns all of the outstanding equity of its subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements of AWR include the accounts of AWR and its subsidiaries. These financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the AWR consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Registrant, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The December 31, 2023 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal, recurring items, and estimates necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been made. It is suggested that these consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC.

Related Party and Intercompany Transactions: GSWC, BVES and ASUS provide and/or receive various support services to and from their parent, AWR, and among themselves. GSWC allocates certain corporate office administrative and general costs to its affiliates, BVES and ASUS, using allocation factors approved by the CPUC. GSWC allocated corporate office administrative and general costs to BVES of$936,000 and $1.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. GSWC also allocated corporate office administrative and general costs to ASUS of $1.6 million and $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, as discussed under Liquidity and Financing Activities, under AWR’s credit facility, AWR borrows and provides funds to ASUS in support of its operations.

Liquidity and Financing Activities: On February 27, 2024, AWR entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with third-party sales agents, under which AWR, may offer and sell its Common Shares, from time to time at its sole discretion, through an at-the-market (“ATM”) offering program having an aggregate gross offering price of up to $200 million over athree-year period and pursuant to AWR’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. AWR intends to use the net proceeds from these sales, after deducting commissions on such sales and offering expenses, for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, repayment of debt and equity contributions to its subsidiaries. During the first quarter of 2024, AWR sold 227,981 Common Shares through this ATM offering program and raised proceeds of $16.2 million, net of$247,000 in commissions paid under the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement. AWR has also incurred $643,000 of other expenses, which was primarily legal and other costs to establish this ATM offering program. The net proceeds raised during the first quarter of 2024 were used to pay down outstanding borrowings under AWR’s credit facility. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $183.5 million remained available for sale under the ATM offering program.

In June 2023, AWR and GSWC each entered into credit agreements with a term offive years provided by a syndicate of banks and financial institutions. Both credit agreements will mature in June 2028. The credit agreements currently provide AWR and GSWC unsecured revolving credit facilities with borrowing capacities of $165.0 million and $200.0 million, respectively. Under the terms of the credit agreements, the borrowing capacities for AWR and GSWC may currently be expanded up to an additional $60.0 million and $75.0 million, respectively, subject to the lenders’ approval.

AWR's credit facility is primarily used to provide support to AWR (parent) and ASUS. As of March 31, 2024, AWR’s outstanding borrowings under its credit facility of $130.5 million have been classified as non-current liabilities on AWR’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. GSWC’s credit facility provides support for its water operations and is considered a short-term debt arrangement by the CPUC. Therefore, pursuant to the CPUC’s requirements, borrowings under GSWC’s credit facility are required to be paid-off in full within a 24-month period after which GSWC may borrow under the credit facility again. GSWC’s next pay-off period ends in June 2025. Accordingly, GSWC’s outstanding borrowings under its credit facility of $164.0 million as of March 31, 2024 are classified as non-current liabilities on GSWC’s Balance Sheet.

BVES has a separate revolving credit facility without a parent guaranty that supports its electric operations and capital expenditures with a current borrowing capacity of $65.0 million. Currently, the credit agreement provides BVES an option to increase the borrowing capacity of the facility by an additional $10.0 million, subject to lender approval. BVES’s revolving credit facility is considered a short-term debt arrangement by the CPUC. Therefore, pursuant to the CPUC’s requirements, borrowings under this credit facility are required to be fully paid off within a 24-month period after which BVES may borrow under the credit facility again. BVES’s pay-off period for its credit facility ends in August 2024. Accordingly, the $43.0 million outstanding under BVES’s credit facility has been classified as a current liability in AWR’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07(Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures). The new standard enhances reportable segment disclosures and expands the disclosures required for reportable segments in annual and interim consolidated financial statements, primarily through enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses. Registrant is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its segment disclosures and will adopt the updated accounting guidance in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and interim periods beginning in 2025.

Note 2 —Revenues

Most of Registrant’s revenues are derived from contracts with customers, including tariff-based revenues from its regulated utilities at GSWC and BVES. ASUS’s initial firm fixed-price long-term contracts with the U.S. government are considered service concession arrangements under ASC 853, Service Conce ssion Arrangements. ASUS’s military base contracts consist primarily of 50-year contracts andone 15-year contract with the U.S. government. Accordingly, the services under these contracts are accounted for under Topic 606—Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and the water and/or wastewater systems are not recorded as Property, Plant and Equipment on Registrant’s balance sheets.

Although GSWC and BVES have a diversified customer base of residential, commercial, industrial, and other customers, revenues derived from residential and commercial customers generally account for approximately 90% of total water and electric revenues. Most of ASUS’s revenues are derived from the U.S. government. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by segment were as follows:

(1)Water revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include approximately $30 million, which represents the impact of retroactive new rates for the full year of 2022 as a result of a proposed decision issued by the CPUC in April 2023 on GSWC's general rate case (Note 3).

The opening and closing balances of the receivable from the U.S. government, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers, which are related entirely to ASUS, were as follows:

Unbilled receivables and Receivable from the U.S. government represent receivables where the right to payment is conditional only by the passage of time.

Contract Assets - Contract assets are assets of ASUS and consist of unbilled revenues recognized from work-in-progress construction projects, where the right to payment is conditional on something other than the passage of time. The classification of this asset as current or noncurrent is based on the timing of when ASUS expects to bill these amounts.

Contract Liabilities - Contract liabilities are liabilities of ASUS and consist of billings in excess of revenue recognized. The classification of this liability as current or noncurrent is based on the timing of when ASUS expects to recognize revenue. Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which were included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period were not material. Contracted services revenues recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods were also not material.

As of March 31, 2024, AWR’s aggregate remaining performance obligations, which are entirely from the contracted services segment, were $4.0 billion. ASUS expects to recognize revenue on these remaining performance obligations over the remaining term of each of thecontracts, which range from 15 to 50 years. Each of the contracts with the U.S. government is subject to termination, in whole or in part, prior to the end of its contract term for convenience of the U.S. government.

Note 3 —Regulatory Matters

In accordance with accounting principles for rate-regulated enterprises, GSWC and BVES record regulatory assets, which represent probable future recovery of incurred costs from customers through the ratemaking process, and regulatory liabilities, which represent probable future refunds that are to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process. At March 31, 2024, GSWC and BVES had approximately $62.8 million of regulatory liabilities, net of regulatory assets, not accruing carrying costs. Of this amount, (i) $73.7 million of regulatory liabilitiesare excess deferred income taxes arising from the lower federal income tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017 that are being refunded to customers, (ii)$5.6 million of net regulatory assets relates to flowed-through deferred income taxes including the gross-up portion on the deferred tax resulting from the excess deferred income tax regulatory liability, (iii) $3.7 million of net regulatory liabilities relates to the overfunded position in Registrant’s pension and other retirement obligations (not including the two-way pension balancing accounts), and (iv) $6.2 million of regulatory assets relate to memorandum accounts authorized by the CPUC to track unrealized gains and losses on BVES’s purchase power contracts over the term of the contracts. The remainder relates to other items that do not provide for or incur carrying costs.

Regulatory assets represent costs incurred by GSWC and/or BVES for which they have received or expect to receive rate recovery in the future. In determining the probability of costs being recognized in other periods, GSWC and BVES consider regulatory rules and decisions, past practices, and other facts or circumstances that would indicate if recovery is probable. If the CPUC determines that a portion of either GSWC’s or BVES’s regulatory assets are not recoverable in customer rates, the applicable utility must determine if it has suffered an asset impairment that requires it to write down the asset’s value. Regulatory assets are offset against regulatory liabilities within each ratemaking area. Amounts expected to be collected or refunded in the next twelve months have been classified as current assets and current liabilities by ratemaking area. Regulatory assets, less regulatory liabilities, included in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

Regulatory matters are discussed in the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC. The discussion below focuses on significant matters and developments since December 31, 2023.

Water General Rate Case and the 2022/2023 General Rate Case Memorandum Accounts:

In June 2023, the CPUC adopted a final decision in GSWC’s general rate case application for all its water regions and its general office that determines new water rates for the years 2022–2024. The new rates approved were retroactive to January 1, 2022. Upon receiving the final decision, GSWC filed for the implementation of new 2023 rate increases that went into effect on July 31, 2023. Due to the delay in finalizing the water general rate case, water revenues billed to customers for the year ended December 31, 2022 andfor the period from January 1, 2023 to July 30, 2023 were based on 2021 adopted rates. GSWC was authorized to create general rate case memorandum accounts to track the revenue differences between the 2021 adopted rates and the 2022 and 2023 rates authorized by the CPUC for future recovery. In October 2023, surcharges were implemented to recover the cumulative retroactive rate differences over 36 months. As of March 31, 2024, there is an aggregate cumulative amount of$50.0 million under-collection in the general rate case memorandum accounts that GSWC has recorded as regulatory assets for retroactive water revenues.

Alternative-Revenue Programs:

GSWC records the difference between what it bills its water customers and that which is authorized by the CPUC using the Water Revenue Adjustment Mechanism (“WRAM”) and the Modified Cost Balancing Account (“MCBA”) approved by the CPUC. The over- or under-collection of the WRAM is aggregated with the MCBA over- or under-collection for the corresponding ratemaking area and bears interest at the current 90-day commercial-paper rate.

As of March 31, 2024, GSWC had an aggregated net regulatory asset of $47.5 million, which iscomprised of a $50.0 million under-collection in the WRAM accounts and a $2.5 over-collection in the MCBA accounts. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, GSWC recorded additional net under-collections in the WRAM/MCBA accounts of approximately $8.0 million that resulted largely from lower-than-adopted water usage as authorized in the general rate case decision. On March 15, 2024, GSWC filed an advice letter to recover all pre-2024 WRAM/MCBA balances. The surcharges were effective May 1, 2024.

As required by the accounting guidance for alternative revenue programs, GSWC is required to collect its WRAM balances within 24 months following the year in which an under-collection is recorded. As of March 31, 2024, there wereno significant WRAM under-collections that were estimated to be collected over more than 24 month period.

BVES Regulatory Assets:

Wildfire Mitigation and Other Fire Prevention Related Costs Memorandum Accounts

The CPUC adopted regulations intended to enhance the fire safety of overhead electric power lines. Those regulations included increased minimum clearances around electric power lines. BVES was authorized to track incremental costs incurred to implement the regulations in a fire hazard prevention memorandum account for the purpose of obtaining cost recovery in a future general rate case. In August 2019, the CPUC issued a final decision on the electric general rate case, which set new rates for BVES through the year 2022. Among other things, the decision authorized BVES to record incremental costs related to vegetation management, such as costs for increased minimum clearances around electric power lines, in a CPUC-approved memorandum account for future recovery. As of March 31, 2024, BVES had approximately $12.5 millionin incremental vegetation management costs recorded as a regulatory asset. BVES has requested recovery of these costs in its general rate case application filed with the CPUC in August 2022 for future recovery. The incremental costs related to vegetation management included in the memorandum account will be subject to review during the general rate case proceeding.

California legislation enacted in September 2018 requires all investor-owned electric utilities to have a wildfire mitigation plan (“WMP”) approved by the Office of Energy Infrastructure Safety (“OEIS”) and ratified by the CPUC. The WMP must include a utility’s plans on constructing, maintaining, and operating its electrical lines and equipment to minimize the risk of catastrophic wildfire. The OEIS has approved and the CPUC has ratified BVES’s 2023-2025 WMP. As of March 31, 2024, BVES has approximately $6.2 million related to expenses accumulated in its other WMP memorandum accounts that have been recognized as regulatory assets for future recovery.

All capital expenditures and other incremental costs incurred through March 31, 2024 as a result of BVES’s WMPs are not currently in rates and are being addressed for future recovery in BVES’s general rate case application. These costs are subject to review during BVES’s general rate case proceeding.

Other Regulatory Assets:

Other regulatory assets represent costs incurred by GSWC or BVES for which they have received or expect to receive rate recovery in the future. Registrant believes that these regulatory assets are supported by regulatory rules and decisions, past practices, and other facts or circumstances that indicate recovery is probable. If the CPUC determines that a portion of either GSWC’s or BVES’s regulatory assets are not recoverable in customer rates, the applicable entity must determine if an asset impairment has occurred that requires it to write down the regulatory asset to the amount that is probable of recovery.

Note 4 —Earnings per Share/Capital Stock

In accordance with the accounting guidance for participating securities and earnings per share (“EPS”), Registrant uses the “two-class” method of computing EPS. The “two-class” method is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security. AWR has participating securities related to restricted stock units that earn dividend equivalents on an equal basis with AWR’s Common Shares, and that have been issued under AWR’s stock incentive plans for employees and the non-employee directors stock plans. In applying the “two-class” method, undistributed earnings are allocated to both Common Shares and participating securities.

The following is a reconciliation of Registrant’s net income and weighted average Common Shares outstanding used to calculate basic EPS:

Diluted EPS is based upon the weighted average number of Common Shares, including both outstanding shares and shares potentially issuable in connection with restricted stock units granted under AWR’s stock incentive plans for employees and directors, and net income. There wereno stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 under these plans.

The following is a reconciliation of Registrant’s net income and weighted average Common Shares outstanding used to calculate diluted EPS:

(1) In applying the treasury stock method of reflecting the dilutive effect of outstanding stock-based compensation in calculating diluted EPS,128,668 and 106,817 restricted stock units, including performance awards to officers of the Company at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were deemed to be outstanding and included in the calculation of diluted EPS.

During thethree months ended March 31, 2024, AWR sold 227,981 Common Shares through its ATM offering program and raised proceeds of $16.2 million, net of$247,000 in commissions paid (Note 1). During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, AWR also issued 20,290 and 14,043 Common Shares relatedto restricted stock units, respectively, pursuant to stock-based compensation plans.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, AWR paid $1.1 million and $883,000, respectively, to taxing authorities on employees’ behalf for shares withheld related to net share settlements. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, GSWC paid $1.0 million and $808,000, respectively, to taxing authorities on employees’ behalf for shares withheld related to net share settlements. These payments are included in the stock-based compensation caption of the statements of equity.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, AWR paid quarterly dividends of approximately $15.9 million, or $0.4300 per share, and $14.7 million, or $0.3975 per share, respectively. GSWC did not pay a dividend to AWR during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, GSWC paid dividends of $24.7 million to AWR. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, GSWC issuedone Common Share to AWR for $10.0 million. Proceeds from the stock issuance were used to pay down a portion of intercompany borrowings owed to AWR.

Note 5 —Derivative Instruments

BVES has entered into long-term fixed price contracts to purchase power over three- andfive-year terms. These long-term contracts will expire during the fourth quarter of 2024 and are subject to the accounting guidance for derivatives and require mark-to-market derivative accounting. In July 2023, the CPUC approved a new power purchase agreement between BVES and a third party to procure renewable portfolio standard eligible energy and renewable energy credits as a bundled product. BVES will begin taking power under this long-term contract during the fourth quarter of 2024 to replace the existing expiring contracts. The new contract provides for the purchase of electricity during a delivery period from November 1, 2024 through December 31, 2035. Under this contract, there is an embedded derivative that also requires mark-to-market accounting.

The CPUC authorized the use of a regulatory asset and liability memorandum account to offset the mark-to-market entries required by the accounting guidance. Accordingly, all unrealized gains and losses generated from derivative instruments in purchase power contracts are deferred on a monthly basis into a non-interest-bearing regulatory memorandum account that tracks the changes in fair value of the derivative throughout the terms of the contracts. As a result, these unrealized gains and losses do not impact Registrant’s earnings. As of March 31, 2024, there was a $6.2 million derivative liability at fair value for the derivatives in the power purchase contracts, with a corresponding regulatory asset recorded in the derivative instrument memorandum account as a result of overall fixed prices under BVES’s purchase power contracts being higher than future energy prices. The notional volume of derivatives remaining under these long-term contracts as of March 31, 2024 was 653,396 megawatt hours.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements applies to all financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured and reported on a fair value basis. Under the accounting guidance, Registrant has made fair value measurements that are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; or

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

To value the derivatives in the purchase power contracts, BVES utilizes various inputs that include quoted market prices for energy over the duration of the contracts. The market prices used to determine the fair value for the derivative instruments were estimated based on independent sources such as broker quotes and publications that are not observable in or corroborated by the market. When such inputs have a significant impact on the measurement of fair value, the instruments are categorized as Level 3. Accordingly, the valuation of the derivatives within BVES’s purchase power contracts have been classified as Level 3 for all periods presented.

The following table presents changes in the fair value of the Level 3 derivatives for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The change in fair value was due to the change in market energy prices during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Note 6 —Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt, the carrying amount is assumed to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these items.

Investments held in a Rabbi Trust for the supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”) are measured at fair value and totaled $36.2 million asof March 31, 2024 and$34.1 million as of December 31, 2023. All equity investments in the Rabbi Trust are Level 1 investments in mutual funds. The investments held in the Rabbi Trust are included in “Other Property and Investments” on Registrant’s balance sheets.

The table below estimates the fair value of long-term debt held by AWR and GSWC, respectively. The fair values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were determined using rates for similar financial instruments of the same duration utilizing Level 2 methods and assumptions. Changes in the assumptions will produce different results.

(1) Excludes debt issuance costs of approximately$3.0 million and $3.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2) Excludes debt issuance costs of approximately$2.9 million and $3.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 7 —Income Taxes

AWR’s effective income tax rate (“ETR”) was 24.2% and 23.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. GSWC’s ETR was 24.7% and 24.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The AWR and GSWC ETRs differed from the federal corporate statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to (i) state taxes; (ii) permanent differences, including certain tax effects from stock compensation; (iii) the ongoing amortization of the excess deferred income tax liability; and (iv) differences between book and taxable income that are treated as flowed-through adjustments in accordance with regulatory requirements (principally from plant, rate-case, and compensation-related items). As regulated utilities, GSWC and BVES treat certain temporary differences as being flowed-through to customers in computing their income tax expense consistent with the income tax method used in their CPUC-jurisdiction rate making. Flowed-through items either increase or decrease tax expense and thus impact the ETR.

Note 8 —Employee Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic benefit costs for Registrant’s pension plan, postretirement medical benefit plan and SERP for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

In 2024, Registrant expects to contribute approximately $3.3 million to its pension plan.

As authorized by the CPUC in the water and electric general rate case decisions, GSWC and BVES each utilize two-way balancing accounts to track differences between the forecasted annual pension expenses in rates, or expected to be in rates, and the actual annual expense recorded in accordance with the accounting guidance for pension costs. During the three months ended

March 31, 2024, GSWC’s actual pension expense was lower than the amounts included in water customer rates by $134,000. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, GSWC’s actual pension expense was higher than the amounts included in water customer rates by $92,000. BVES’s actual expense was lower than the amounts included in electric customer rates for all periods presented. Over-collections are recorded as a reduction in revenues. As of March 31, 2024, GSWC and BVES had over-collections in their two-way pension balancing accounts of $1,231,000 and $368,000, respectively, that have been included as part of regulatory liabilities (Note 3).

Note 9 —Contingencies

Environmental Clean-Up and Remediation at GSWC:

GSWC has been involved in environmental remediation and cleanup atone of its plant sites that contained an underground storage tank which was used to store gasoline for its vehicles. This tank was removed from the ground in July 1990 along with the dispenser and ancillary piping. Since then, GSWC has been involved in various remediation activities at this site.

As of March 31, 2024, the total amount spent to clean-up and remediate the plant site was approximately $6.6 million, of which $1.5 million has been paid by the State of California Underground Storage Tank Fund. Amounts paid by GSWC have been included in rate base and approved by the CPUC for recovery. As of March 31, 2024, GSWC has a regulatory asset and an accrued liability for the estimated remaining cost of $1.3 million to complete the clean-up at the site. The estimate includes costs for continued activities of groundwater cleanup and monitoring, future soil treatment and site-closure-related activities. The ultimate cost may vary as there are many unknowns in remediation of underground gasoline spills and this is an estimate based on currently available information. Management believes it is probable that the estimated additional costs will continue to be approved in rate base by the CPUC as approved historically.

Other Litigation:

Registrant is also subject to other ordinary routine litigation incidental to its business, some of which may include claims for compensatory and punitive damages. Management believes that rate recovery, proper insurance coverage and reserves are in place to insure against, among other things, property, general liability, employment, and workers’ compensation claims incurred in the ordinary course of business. Insurance coverage may not cover certain claims involving punitive damages. Registrant does not believe the outcome from any pending suits or administrative proceedings will have a material effect on Registrant’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

Note 10 —Business Segments

AWR hasthree reportable segments: water, electric and contracted services. GSWC hasone segment, water. On a stand-alone basis, AWR has no material assets or liabilities other than its equity investments in its subsidiaries, note payables to bank, deferred taxes and intercompany note receivables.

All GSWC and BVES business activities are conducted in California. Activities of ASUS and its subsidiaries are conducted in California, Florida, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia. Some of ASUS’s wholly owned subsidiaries are regulated by the state in which the subsidiary primarily conducts water and/or wastewater operations. Fees charged for operations and maintenance and renewal and replacement services are based upon the terms of the contracts with the U.S. government, which have been filed, as appropriate, with the commissions in the states in which ASUS’s subsidiaries are incorporated.

The tables below set forth information relating to AWR’s operating segments and AWR (parent). The utility plant balances are net of respective accumulated provisions for depreciation. Capital additions reflect capital expenditures paid in cash and exclude U.S. government-funded and third-party prime contractor funded capital expenditures for ASUS, and property installed by developers and conveyed to GSWC and BVES.

(1) Depreciation computed on GSWC’s and BVES’s transportation equipment is recorded in other operation expenses and totaled$163,000 and $368,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, $212,000 of additional depreciation expense on GSWC’s transportation equipment was recorded that relates to the cumulative retroactive impact for the full year of 2022 approved in the CPUC’s final decision in GSWC’s general rate case that resulted in an increase to the transportation equipment composite depreciation rates that are retroactive to January 1, 2022.

The following table reconciles total net property, plant and equipment (a key figure for ratemaking) to total consolidated assets (in thousands):