MEDIFAST INC

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (“Medifast,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim reporting and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and notes that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal, recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations have been included and management believes the disclosures that are made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the 2023 audited consolidated financial statements at that date included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”).

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Presentation of Financial Statements - The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein include the accounts of the Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted in 2024

In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2022-03—Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (“ASU 2023-03”) to (1) to clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2022-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company adopted the standard during the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The adoption of the standard had no material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Pending Adoption

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”) to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, including jurisdictional information, by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Prospective application is required, though retrospective application is permitted. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard. The Company did not early adopt for the 2024 reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

2. INVENTORIES

Inventories consist principally of raw materials, non-food finished goods and packaged meal replacements held in the Company’s warehouses and outsourced distribution centers. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, utilizing the first-in, first-out method. The cost of finished goods includes the cost of raw materials, packaging supplies, direct and indirect labor, and other indirect manufacturing costs. On a quarterly basis, management reviews inventories for unsalable or obsolete inventories.

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

3. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) computations are calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted EPS is calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive common stock equivalents.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share data):

The calculation of diluted EPS excluded 51 thousand and 13 thousand antidilutive restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

4. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Options

The Company has issued non-qualified and incentive stock options to employees and non-employee directors. The fair value of these options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which required estimates of the expected term of the option, the risk-free interest rate, the expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, and dividend yield. Options outstanding as of March 31, 2024 generally vested over a period of 3 years and expire 10 years from the date of grant. The exercise price of these options is $66.68. Due to the Company’s lack of option exercise history on the date of grant, the expected term was calculated using the simplified method defined as the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term of each option. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of grant that most closely corresponds to the expected term of the option. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period of time equivalent to the expected term for each award. The dividend yield was computed as the annualized dividend rate at the grant date divided by the strike price of the stock option. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company didnot grant stock options.

The following table is a summary of our stock option activity (in thousands, except per share data):

As of March 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining contractual life for both the outstanding stock options and exercisable stock options was 3.9 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $0. There wasno unrecognized compensation on the awards for the period ended March 31, 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company received $36 thousand and $105 thousand in cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options, respectively. The total intrinsic value for stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $15 thousand and $328 thousand, respectively.

Restricted Stock

The Company has issued restricted stock to employees and non-employee directors generally with vesting terms up to 3 years after the date of grant. The fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Expense for restricted stock is amortized ratably over the vesting period.

The following table summarizes our restricted stock activity (in thousands, except per share data):

The Company withheld approximately 11 thousand shares and 9 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock to cover minimum tax liability withholding obligations upon the vesting of shares of restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Market and Performance-based Share Awards

The Company has issued market and performance-based share awards in 2022 and 2023 and performance-based share awards in 2020, 2021, and 2024 to certain key executives who were granted deferred shares and may earn between 0% and 250% of the target number depending upon both the Company’s total stockholder return (“TSR”), for those with market conditions, and the Company’s performance against predetermined performance goals over athree-year performance period after the date of grant. Market and performance-based share awards that are tied to the Company’s TSR are valued using the Monte Carlo method and are recognized ratably as expense over the award’s performance period. The fair value of the performance-based share awards is equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant adjusted by expected level of achievement over the performance period. Expense for performance-based share awards is amortized ratably over the performance period. In the event that management determines that the Company will not reach the lower threshold of the predetermined performance goals established in the grant agreement, any previously recognized expense is reversed in the period in which such a determination is made. Management determined that the market and performance-based share awards granted in 2022 would not reach the lower threshold of the predetermined performance goal resulting in a $1.4 million decrease in the Company’s share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company withheld approximately 8 thousand shares and 21 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock to cover minimum tax liability withholding obligations upon the vesting of shares of market and performance-based share awards for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total fair value of performance-based share awards issued during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $1.3 million and the total fair value of market and performance-based share awards issued during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $5.3 million.

Share-based compensation expense is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The total expense during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

The total income tax expense recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for restricted stock awards was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and a benefit of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

There was $8.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards as of March 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. There was $7.5 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the 131 thousand performance-based shares and 71 thousand market and performance-based shares presented in the table above as of March 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.

5. LEASES

Operating Leases

The Company has operating leases for office and warehouse space and certain equipment. In certain of the Company’s lease agreements, the rental payments are adjusted periodically based on defined terms within the lease. The Company did not have any finance leases as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, or for the three-month periods then ended, respectively.

Our leases relating to office and warehouse space have lease terms of 65 months to 102 months. Our leases relating to equipment have lease terms of 36 months, with certain of them having automatic renewal clauses.

The Company’s warehouse agreements also contain non-lease components, in the form of payments towards variable logistics services and labor charges, which the Company is obligated to pay based on the services consumed by it. Such amounts are not included in the measurement of the lease liability but are recognized as expenses when they are incurred.

The operating lease expense was $1.2 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases was as follows (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3 years, 7 months and the weighted average discount rate was 2.30%.

The following table presents the maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

6. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax where applicable (in thousands):

7. INVESTMENTS

Certain financial assets and liabilities are accounted for at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an on-going basis.

Level 2 – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.

Level 3 – Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value from the perspective of a market participant.

The following tables present the Company’s cash and financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for each of the hierarchy levels (in thousands):

The Company had $9 thousand of realized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2024 andno realized gains or losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase common stock of LifeMD, Inc (Nasdaq: LFMD), a leading provider of virtual primary care, and made a $10 million payment to LifeMD for the purchase of the shares. The securities are subject to a registration rights agreement which stipulates that the registration of the securities is to be made as soon as practicable, but not later than 90 days, following written demand by the Company. Written demand has been made, and the securities registration remained in process as of March 31, 2024. In addition, the shares are subject to a 180-day lock-up period from the closing date of the agreement, December 11, 2023. The fair value of the investment is recorded within the investment securities of the consolidated balance sheet. The gains related to the Company’s LifeMD investment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

The Company concurrently entered into an agreement in which LifeMD would provide services to stand-up the collaboration between LifeMD and the Company. The agreement stipulated an initial milestone payment of $5 million due upon execution of the agreement for these services. The services under the initial milestone were completed prior to December 31, 2023, and this amount was included in the Company’s selling, general, and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of income for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The Company made a second milestone payment under the agreement of $2.5 million on March 18, 2024. Of the total $2.5 million second milestone payment, $1.3 million was recognized within selling, general, and administrative expenses for services performed by LifeMD for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, with the remaining $1.2 million expected to be recognized in the second quarter. The final milestone payment of $2.5 million is expected to be made in the second quarter of 2024, with the expense being recognized in the consolidated statement of income as the services are rendered.

8. DEBT

Credit Agreement

On April 13, 2021, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantors”) entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, the Guarantors, the lenders party thereto and Citibank, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent. On May 31, 2022, the Credit Agreement was amended to increase the borrowing capacity and convert the interest rate to be based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), from London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) (the “Amended Credit Agreement”). The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a$225.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with a$20.0 million letter of credit sublimit. The Amended Credit Agreement also provides for an uncommitted incremental facility that permits the Company, subject to certain conditions, to increase the senior secured revolving credit facility by up to$100.0 million. The Amended Credit Agreement matures on April 13, 2026.

The Company’s obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Guarantors. The obligations of the Company and the Guarantors are secured by first-priority liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.

Under the Amended Credit Agreement, the Company will pay to the administrative agent for the account of each revolving lender a commitment fee on a quarterly basis based on amounts committed but unused under the revolving facility from 0.20% to 0.40% per annum depending on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). The Company is also obligated to pay the administrative agent customary fees for credit facilities of this size and type.

Revolving borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (i) the Term SOFR Rate for the interest period plus the Applicable Rate (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) based on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) as in effect from time to time plus the Applicable Rate based on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio. As of March 31, 2024, the Applicable Rate for Term SOFR Loans is 1.25% per annum and the Applicable Rate for ABR Loans is 0.25% per annum. SOFR based loans also include a Credit Spread Adjustment based on the duration of the borrowing.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants customarily applicable to senior secured credit facilities, including covenants that, among other things, limit or restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to negotiated exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or acquisitions or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay other indebtedness, enter into transactions with affiliated persons, make investments and change the nature of their businesses. The Amended Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, subject to thresholds and grace periods, including, among others, payment default, covenant default, cross default to other material indebtedness and judgment default. In addition, the Amended Credit

Agreement requires the Company to maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio of no more than 2.75 to 1.00 and an Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 3.50 to 1.00.

The Company hadno borrowings outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement, inclusive of the credit facility and letter of credit sublimit, as of March 31, 2024 and was in compliance with all covenants.