Kearny Financial Corp

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kearny Financial Corp. (the “Company”), its wholly-owned subsidiary, Kearny Bank (the “Bank”) and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company conducts its business principally through the Bank. Management prepared the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), including the elimination of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions during consolidation.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X and do not include the information or footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year or any other period.

The data in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at June 30, 2024 was derived from the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. That data, along with the interim unaudited financial information presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, Income, Comprehensive Income, Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Cash Flows should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to U.S. GAAP and to general practice within the financial services industry. A discussion of these policies can be found in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies since June 30, 2024.

2. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the statement of financial condition date of September 30, 2024, for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date this document was filed.

On October 24, 2024, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.11 per share, payable on November 20, 2024 to stockholders of record as of November 6, 2024.

3. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280), to improve reportable segment disclosures by requiring public entities to disclose significant expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment, where significant expense categories are defined as those that are regularly reported to an entity’s chief operating decision-maker and included in a segment’s reported measures of profit or loss. For public companies, the requirements will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. As the Company has onlyone reportable segment, this ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740), which requires reporting companies to improve the transparency of certain income tax related disclosures, including the rate reconciliation and taxes paid disclosures. For public companies, the requirements will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Applications of Profits Interests and Similar Awards. ASU 2024-01 adds an example to Topic 718 which illustrates how to apply the scope guidance to determine whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for as share-based payment arrangements under Topic 718 or under other U.S. GAAP. ASU 2024-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those annual periods, although early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

4. SECURITIES

The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values for available for sale securities and the amortized cost, gross unrecognized gains and losses and estimated fair values for held to maturity securities as of the dates indicated:

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Excluding the balances of mortgage-backed securities, the following tables present the amortized cost and estimated fair values of debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, by contractual maturity, at September 30, 2024:

The carrying value of securities pledged were as follows as of the dates presented below:

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on securities and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position within the available for sale portfolio at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

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The following table presents the gross unrecognized losses on securities and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrecognized loss position within the held to maturity portfolio at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

Available for sale securities are evaluated to determine if a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis has resulted from a credit loss or from other factors. An impairment related to credit factors would be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The allowance is limited to the amount by which the security’s amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value. An impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses shall be recorded through other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Investment securities will be written down to fair value through the Consolidated Statement of Income if management intends to sell, or may be required to sell, the securities before they recover in value. The issuers of these securities continue to make timely principal and interest payments and none of these securities were past due or were placed in nonaccrual status at September 30, 2024. The Company also monitors the credit quality of the issuers through credit ratings from various rating agencies. Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security and are utilized by the Company to make informed decisions. Management believes that the unrealized losses on these securities are a function of changes in market interest rates and credit spreads, not changes in credit quality. No allowance for credit losses was recorded at September 30, 2024 on available for sale securities.

At September 30, 2024, the held to maturity securities portfolio consists of agency mortgage-backed securities and obligations of state and political subdivisions. The mortgage-backed securities are issued by U.S. government agencies and are implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The obligations of state and political subdivisions in the portfolio are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The Company regularly monitors the obligations of state and

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5. LOANS RECEIVABLE

The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

(1)At September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, included a fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of hedged one- to four-family residential mortgage loans.

Past Due Loans

Past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of the loans. The following tables present the payment status of past due loans as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, by loan segment:

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Nonperforming Loans

Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractual payments become 90 or more days past due or when the Company does not expect to receive all principal and interest payments owed substantially in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement, regardless of past due status. Loans that become 90 days or more past due, but are well secured and in the process of collection, may remain on accrual status. Nonaccrual loans are generally returned to accrual status when all payments due are brought current and the Company expects to receive all remaining principal and interest payments owed substantially in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. Payments received in cash on nonaccrual loans, including both the principal and interest portions of those payments, are generally applied to reduce the carrying value of the loan. The Company didnot recognize interest income on non-accrual loans during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following tables present information relating to the Company’s nonperforming loans as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

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Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The following tables presents the amortized cost basis at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were restructured during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, by type of modification:

No modifications involved forgiveness of principal for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023, respectively. There wereno commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose terms have been restructured at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

Of the loans restructured during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 there were no subsequent defaults as of September 30, 2024. For restructured loans, a subsequent payment default is defined in terms of delinquency, when a principal or interest payment is 90 days past due or classified into non-accrual status during the reporting period.

The following tables presents the payment status of the loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in the last twelve months:

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Individually Analyzed Loans

Individually analyzed loans include loans which do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans. Loans previously modified as TDRs and loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty will generally be evaluated for individual impairment, however, after a period of sustained repayment performance which permits the credit to be returned to accrual status, the loans would generally be removed from individual impairment analysis and returned to its corresponding pool. As of September 30, 2024, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans, including loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality that were individually analyzed, totaled $39.8 million, of which $32.3 million were considered collateral dependent.

For collateral dependent loans where management has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell, and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. See Note 12 for additional disclosure regarding fair value of individually analyzed collateral dependent loans.

The following table presents the carrying value and related allowance of collateral dependent individually analyzed loans at the dates indicated:

(1)Secured by income-producing nonresidential property.

(2)Secured by one- to four-family residential properties.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass –Loans that are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less cost to acquire and sell, of any underlying collateral in a timely manner.

Special Mention – Loans which do not currently expose the Company to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant an adverse classification but have some credit deficiencies or other potential weaknesses.

Substandard – Loans which are inadequately protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans which have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values.

Loss – Loans which are considered uncollectible or of so little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted.

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The following table presents the risk category of loans and current period gross charge-offs as of September 30, 2024 by loan segment and vintage year:

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The following table presents the risk category of loans as of June 30, 2024 by loan segment and vintage year:

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Mortgage Loans in Foreclosure

The Company may obtain physical possession of one- to four-family real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan or nonresidential real estate collateralizing a nonresidential mortgage loan via foreclosure or through an in-substance repossession. As of September 30, 2024, the Company held no nonresidential property in other real estate owned that was acquired through foreclosure on a nonresidential mortgage loan. As of that same date, the Company heldtwo residential mortgage loans with an aggregate carrying value of $678,500 andsix commercial mortgage loans with aggregate carrying values totaling $18.2 million which were in the process of foreclosure. As of June 30, 2024, the Company held no nonresidential property in other real estate owned that was acquired through foreclosure on a nonresidential mortgage loan. As of that same date, the Company held three residential mortgage loans with aggregate carrying values totaling $1.2 million andsix commercial mortgage loans with aggregate carrying values totaling $13.6 million which were in the process of foreclosure.

6. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Receivable

The following tables present the balance of the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024. The balance of the allowance for credit losses is based on an expected loss methodology, referred to as the “CECL” methodology. The tables identify the valuation allowances attributable to specifically identified impairments on individually analyzed loans, including those acquired with deteriorated credit quality, as well as valuation allowances for impairments on loans collectively evaluated. The tables include the underlying balance of loans receivable applicable to each category as of those dates.

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The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

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Allowance for Credit Losses on Off Balance Sheet Commitments

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on off balance sheet commitments recorded in other non-interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

7. DEPOSITS

Deposits at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024 are summarized as follows:

8. BORROWINGS

Borrowings at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024 consisted of the following:

(1)At September 30, 2024, there wereno FHLB overnight line of credit borrowings and $270.0 million of unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions. At June 30, 2024, represented $175.0 million of FHLB overnight line of credit borrowings.

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Fixed rate advances from the FHLB of New York and BTFP borrowings mature as follows:

At September 30, 2024, FHLB advances and overnight line of credit borrowings were collateralized by the FHLB capital stock owned by the Bank and mortgage loans with carrying values totaling approximately $4.40 billion. At June 30, 2024, FHLB advances and overnight line of credit borrowings were collateralized by the FHLB capital stock owned by the Bank and mortgage loans with carrying values totaling approximately $4.38 billion.

At September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, BTFP borrowings were secured by agency mortgage-backed securities with a par value of $111.5 million and $113.5 million, respectively. The BTFP allows depository institutions to borrow up to the par value of eligible securities pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank.

9. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company uses various financial instruments, including derivatives, to manage its exposure to interest rate risk. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to specific wholesale funding positions and assets.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Statement of Financial Condition

The tables below present the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

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Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s uses derivatives to add stability to interest expense and interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The Company has entered into interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and an interest rate floor as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. These interest rate products are designated as cash flow hedges. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had a total of 13 interest rate swaps and caps with a total notional amount of $1.53 billion hedging specific wholesale funding andsix interest rate floors with a notional amount of $600.0 million hedging floating-rate available for sale securities.

For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax, and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

For cash flow hedges on the Company’s wholesale funding positions, amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s hedged variable rate wholesale funding positions. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reclassified $8.7 million as a reduction in interest expense. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $12.6 million will be reclassified as a reduction in interest expense.

For cash flow hedges on the Company’s assets, amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are received on the Company’s hedged variable rate assets. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company did not reclassify any amount to interest income. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $1.9 million will be reclassified as a reduction in interest income.

The table below presents the pre-tax effects of the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Such derivatives are used to hedge the changes in fair value of certain of its pools of fixed rate assets. As of September 30, 2024, the Company hadfive interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $725.0 million hedging fixed-rate residential mortgage loans.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivatives as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

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The table below presents the effects of the Company’s derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023:

As of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the following amounts were recorded on the Statement of Financial Condition related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

(1)This amount includes the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios of loans receivable used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $1.16 billion and $1.29 billion, respectively.

Offsetting Derivatives

The tables below present a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The net amounts presented for derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations and could be required to terminate its derivative positions with the counterparty. The Company also has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution, then the Company could be required to terminate its derivative positions with the counterparty. At September 30, 2024, eight of the Company’s derivatives were in a net liability position. As required under the enforceable master netting arrangement with its derivatives counterparties, as of September 30, 2024 the Company posted $8.1 million in financial collateral, and as of June 30, 2024, the Company was not required to post financial collateral.

In addition to the derivative instruments noted above, the Company’s pipeline of loans held for sale at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, included $17.8 million and $16.0 million, respectively, of in process loans whose terms included interest rate locks to borrowers, which are considered free-standing derivative instruments whose fair values are not material to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

10. BENEFIT PLANS

Components of Net Periodic Expense

The following table sets forth the aggregate net periodic benefit expense for the Bank’s Benefit Equalization Plan, Postretirement Welfare Plan, Directors’ Consultation and Retirement Plan, Atlas Bank Retirement Income Plan and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan:

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 380,007 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) comprised of 278,530 service-based RSUs and 101,477 performance-based RSUs. The service-based RSUs will vest inthree tranches over a period ofthree years and the performance-based RSUs will cliff vest upon the achievement of performance measures over thethree-year period ending June 30, 2027. The number of performance-based RSUs that will vest, if any, will depend on whether, and to what extent, the performance measures are achieved. Common stock will be issued from authorized shares upon the vesting of the RSUs.

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11. INCOME TAXES

The following table presents a reconciliation between the reported income taxes for the periods presented and the income taxes which would be computed by applying the federal income tax rate of 21% to income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

12. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis:

The following methods and significant assumptions were used to estimate the fair values as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

Investment Securities Available for Sale

The Company’s available for sale investment securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the securities’ terms and conditions, among other things. From time to time, the Company validates prices supplied by the independent pricing service by comparison to prices obtained from third-party sources or derived using internal models.

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Derivatives

The Company has contracted with a third party vendor to provide periodic valuations for its interest rate derivatives to determine the fair value of its interest rate contracts. The vendor utilizes standard valuation methodologies applicable to interest rate derivatives such as discounted cash flow analysis and extensions of the Black-Scholes model. Such valuations are based upon readily observable market data and are therefore considered Level 2 valuations by the Company.

Those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

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Assets Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis:

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

Individually Analyzed Collateral Dependent Loans

The fair value of collateral dependent loans that are individually analyzed is determined based upon the appraised fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell. Such collateral primarily consists of real estate and, to a lesser extent, other business assets. Management may also adjust appraised values to reflect estimated changes in market values or apply other adjustments to appraised values resulting from its knowledge of the collateral. Internal valuations may be utilized to determine the fair value of other business assets. For non-collateral-dependent loans, management estimates fair value using discounted cash flows based on inputs that are largely unobservable and instead reflect management’s own estimates of the assumptions as a market participant would in pricing such loans. Individually analyzed collateral dependent loans are considered a Level 3 valuation by the Company.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned is recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs when acquired, thus establishing a new cost basis. Fair value is generally based on independent appraisals. These appraisals include adjustments to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience. When an asset is acquired, the excess of the loan balance over fair value, less estimated selling costs, is charged to the allowance for credit losses. If further declines in the estimated fair value of the asset occur, a write-down is recorded through expense. The valuation of foreclosed assets is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in the future because of changes in economic conditions. Other real estate owned is considered a Level 3 valuation by the Company.

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Those assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized adjusted Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

(1)The fair value of collateral dependent loans is generally determined based on an independent appraisal of the fair value of a loan’s underlying collateral.

(2)The fair value basis of collateral dependent loans is adjusted to reflect management’s estimates of selling costs including, but not limited to, real estate brokerage commissions and title transfer fees.

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At September 30, 2024, collateral dependent loans valued using Level 3 inputs comprised loans with principal balances totaling $6.9 million and a valuation allowance of $493,000 reflecting an aggregate fair value of $7.4 million. By comparison, at June 30, 2024, collateral dependent loans valued using Level 3 inputs comprised loans with principal balances totaling $6.9 million and a valuation allowance of $508,000 reflecting an aggregate fair value of $7.4 million.

Once a loan is foreclosed, the fair value of the other real estate owned continues to be evaluated based upon the fair value of the repossessed real estate originally securing the loan. At September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company hadno other real estate owned assets, respectively.

The following tables present the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

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Commitments. The fair value of commitments to fund credit lines and originate or participate in loans held in portfolio or loans held for sale is estimated using fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed rate loan commitments, including those relating to loans held for sale that are considered derivative instruments for financial statement reporting purposes, the fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest and the committed rates. The carrying value, represented by the net deferred fee arising from the unrecognized commitment, and the fair value, determined by discounting the remaining contractual fee over the term of the commitment using fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements with similar credit risk, is not considered material for disclosure.

Limitations. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no fair value exists for a significant portion of the financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

The fair value estimates are based on existing on-and-off balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to value anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets and liabilities include premises and equipment, and advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance. In addition, the ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.

Finally, reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates which must be made given the absence of active secondary markets for many of the financial instruments. This lack of uniform valuation methodologies introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values.

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13. COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss included in stockholders’ equity at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024 are as follows:

Other comprehensive loss and related tax effects for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented in the following table:

(1)Represents amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss and included in the computation of net periodic pension expense. See Note 10 - Benefit Plans for additional information.

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14. NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE (“EPS”)

The following schedule shows the Company’s earnings per share calculations for the periods presented:

Stock options for 2,751,902 and 2,963,530 shares of common stock were not considered in computing diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because they were considered anti-dilutive. In addition,698,445 and 643,690 RSUs were not considered in computing diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, because they were considered anti-dilutive.

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