Veritone, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share and per share data and percentages)

1. Description of Business

Veritone, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Veritone,” and together with its subsidiaries, collectively, the “Company”), is a provider of artificial intelligence (“AI”) computing solutions. The Company’s proprietary AI operating system, aiWARETM, uses machine learning algorithms, or AI models, together with a suite of powerful applications, to reveal valuable insights from vast amounts of structured and unstructured data. The aiWARE platform offers capabilities that mimic human cognitive functions such as perception, prediction and problem solving, enabling users to quickly, efficiently and cost effectively transform unstructured data into structured data, and analyze and optimize data to drive business processes and insights. aiWARE is based on an open architecture that enables new AI models, applications and workflows to be added quickly and efficiently, resulting in a scalable and evolving solution that can be leveraged by organizations across a broad range of business sectors, serving commercial enterprises as well as public sector industries.

The Company offers Software Products & Services to Commercial Enterprise and Public Sector customers using the Company’s aiWARE platform and Veritone Hire solutions, any related support and maintenance services, and any related professional services associated with the deployment and/or implementation of such solutions.

The Company also offers Managed Services, which include cloud-native digital content management solutions and content licensing services and representation services, through among other things, its VeriAds Network, which is comprised of programs that enable broadcasters, podcasters and social media influencers to generate incremental revenue. These offerings leverage the Company’s aiWARE technologies, providing customers with unique capabilities to enrich and drive expanded revenue opportunities from their content.

Through October 17, 2024 (the “Divestiture Closing Date”), the Company operated a full-service advertising agency to provide differentiated Managed Services to its customers. On October 17, 2024, the Company entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, Veritone One, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Veritone One”), and Oxford Buyer, LLC (“Purchaser”), an affiliate of Insignia Capital Group L.P., pursuant to which, among other things, Purchaser acquired from the Company all of the issued and outstanding equity of Veritone One (such transaction, the “Divestiture”). Veritone One’s services included media planning and strategy, advertisement buying and placement, campaign messaging, clearance verification and attribution, and custom analytics, specializing in host-endorsed and influencer advertising across primarily radio, podcasting, streaming audio, social media and other digital media channels. The Company determined that the Divestiture represents a strategic shift that will have a material effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Therefore, the historical financial results of Veritone One are reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from continuing operations for all periods presented on a retrospective basis, unless otherwise stated. Refer to Note 3 on Discontinued Operationsfor further details.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information of the Company has been prepared in accordance with Article 10 of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, as permitted by Article 10 of Regulation S-X, it does not include all of the information required by generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the audited financial statements at that date and does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP, as permitted by Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 include Veritone, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial information contains all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 10-K”). Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

The Company determined that Veritone One met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. As a result, the historical financial results of Veritone One are reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from continuing operations for all periods presented on a retrospective basis, unless otherwise stated. Refer to Note 3 on Discontinued Operationsfor further details.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP assuming the Company will continue as a going concern over the next twelve months through August 2026. Based on the Company’s liquidity position as of June 30, 2025 and the Company’s current forecast of operating results and cash flows, absent any other action, management determined that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern over thetwelve months following the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, principally driven by the Company’s current debt service obligations, historical negative cash flows and recurring losses. As a result, the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations over the next twelve months.

The Company is exploring potential financing structures, including discussions with its current debt holders, which it believes could improve its current liquidity position and balance sheet. There can be no assurance that any refinancing will be completed. The Company also continues to evaluate additional strategies to obtain funding for future operations, including, but not limited to, obtaining equity financing and/or further restructuring of operations to grow revenues and decrease operating expenses, which include capturing past cost reductions and potential future cost synergies from its past acquisitions.

The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business, including having sufficient liquidity in the future to meet, among other things, the Company’s covenants under the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 4, Debt). The Company may not be able to access additional equity under acceptable terms, and may not be successful in future financial and operational restructurings, earning any of its deferred purchase consideration, meeting its minimum liquidity threshold under its Credit Agreement or growing its revenue base, and its ability to execute on its operating plans may be materially adversely impacted. If the Company becomes unable to continue as a going concern, it may have to dispose of other or additional assets and might realize significantly less value than the values at which they are carried on its condensed consolidated financial statements. These actions may cause the Company’s stockholders to lose all or part of their investment in the Company’s common stock. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the Company being unable to continue as a going concern. If the Company cannot continue as a going concern, adjustments to the carrying values and classification of its assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses could be required and could be material.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications were made to the prior period condensed consolidated statement of operations and condensed consolidated statement of cash flows to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the accounting recognition and presentation of revenue, allowance for credit losses, purchase accounting, impairment of long-lived assets, the valuation of contingent consideration, including future escrow and earnout consideration on the divestiture of Veritone One, the valuation of senior secured debt, the valuation of non-cash consideration received in barter transactions, the valuation of stock awards and stock warrants, and income taxes, where applicable. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

There has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets due to a number of factors, including the wars in Ukraine and Israel, the global inflationary environment and elevated interest rates and the imposition of tariffs, trade tensions, and global trade disputes. The war in Israel has also adversely impacted the Company’s business operations because the Company has an office and personnel based in Herzliya, Israel. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU improves reportable segment disclosures, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance during the fourth quarter of 2024 did not have a material financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the Company has added increased disclosures within the Segment Reporting section of Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to its condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring: (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation, and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. Additionally, the amendments in this ASU improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures by: (1) adding disclosures of pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) to be consistent with Regulation S-X, and (2) removing disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial or relevant. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this adoption on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU improves financial reporting by requiring that public business entities disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods that is generally not presented in the financial statements today. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this adoption on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of June 30, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction prices under the Company’s contracts allocated to the Company’s remaining performance obligations was $34,927, approximately 60% of which the Company expects to recognize as revenue over the next twelve months, and the remainder thereafter to be recognized over the next five years. This aggregate amount excludes amounts allocated to remaining performance obligations under contracts that have an original duration of one year or less and variable consideration that is allocated to remaining performance obligations. Excluded based on this policy are balances related to Veritone Hire solutions representing gross purchase orders to be satisfied in less than one year. Revenues will be recognized net of costs to fulfill these orders.

Segment Information

The Company operates asone reportable segment. The Company reports segment information based on the internal reporting used by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company’s reportable segment. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM assesses performance and decides how to allocate resources using consolidated net loss as reported within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The CODM also uses loss from operations to assess the performance of the segment to allocate resources, including but not limited to, employees, property, financial and capital, primarily the annual budget and periodic forecasting process. The CODM considers variances to budget or forecast on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis in making these decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segment. The Company, through its single reportable segment, is managed on a consolidated basis.

Significant segment expenses, which represent the difference between revenue and loss from continuing operations before provision for income taxes, consist of the following:

Other segment items include occupancy, insurance, and other costs.

Seasonality

The Company experiences seasonal fluctuations in its revenue and operating performance as a result of the utilization of its platform and associated revenues from its Software Products & Services. In particular, certain Commercial Enterprise revenues, including Veritone Hire revenues, have historically been higher in the second half of each fiscal year, consistent with the hiring and spending cycles of the Company’s larger customers. The Company also experiences seasonality as a result of factors such as the timing of large projects, the length and complexity of sales cycles, trends impacting the Company’s target vertical markets and the Company’s revenue recognition policies and any changes to those policies. Within a given quarter, a higher proportion of the Company’s agreements are signed toward the end of such quarter. Although these seasonal factors are common in the technology industry, historical patterns should not be considered a reliable indicator of our future sales activity or performance.

Discontinued Operations

During the third quarter of 2024, the Company determined that Veritone One (as defined above in Note 1) met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and discontinued operations. As a result, the historical financial results of Veritone One are reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from continuing operations for all periods presented on a retrospective basis, unless otherwise stated. Refer to Note 3 on Discontinued Operations for further details.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies from those disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

3. Discontinued Operations, Business Combinations, and Divestiture

Discontinued Operations and Divestiture of Veritone One

On the Divestiture Closing Date, the Company completed the sale of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Veritone One, to the Purchaser pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Veritone One operated the Company’s full-service advertising agency business and its disposal represented a strategic shift that had a major impact on the Company’s operations and financial results, as it enabled the Company to focus on its core software and applications and reduce its dependency on advertising-related services. As a result, Veritone One met both the held for sale and discontinued operations presentation criteria and comprised operations and cash flows that could be distinguished, operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the Company. Since the Company operates as one reporting unit, the Company allocated goodwill to discontinued operations on a relative fair value basis in comparison to the value of the overall company (see Note 7).

In connection with the Divestiture, the Company and the Purchaser entered into a transition services agreement. The transition services agreement outlines the information technology, people, and facility support the Company expected to provide to the Purchaser for a period of six months after the Divestiture Closing Date with options to be extended. The total service fee amount for each service would not exceed the actual costs to provide such service. The transition services agreement terminated as of April 15, 2025.

The Divestiture was structured as a simultaneous “sign and close” transaction and closed on the Divestiture Closing Date. On the Divestiture Closing Date, the Company received cash proceeds of $59,053, which reflected the aggregate purchase price of $104,000 (the “Veritone One Sale Price”), less $18,000 subject to an earnout described below, $20,297 of purchase price adjustments, and $6,650 placed in escrow accounts described below. The Company may receive the earnout of either $18,000, $13,000, $8,000, $3,000, or $0 in cash proceeds based on the achievement of certain net revenue targets by Veritone One between January 1, 2025 and December 31, 2025 (as further described in the Purchase Agreement, the "Earnout"). Of the amounts placed in escrow, $1,500 was placed in an escrow account for potential purchase price adjustments and an aggregate of $5,150 was placed in escrow accounts for the potential satisfaction of post-closing indemnification claims (the “Indemnity Escrow”), in each case subject to the terms and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement. On May 15, 2025, the Company and the Purchaser determined that the closing purchase price exceeded the final purchase price, and jointly instructed the escrow agent to release from the purchase price adjustment escrow (i) $1,372 to the Purchaser and (ii) the remaining balance of $128 to the Company. As of June 30, 2025, the remaining $5,150 Indemnity Escrow was recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet in the amounts of $3,650 and $1,500, respectively.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of each of the parties to the Agreement. The Purchase Agreement also includes indemnification provisions whereby the Company will indemnify the Purchaser and other related indemnified parties for losses arising out of, among other things, inaccuracies in, or breaches of, the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company or Veritone One. The Purchaser and the other related indemnified parties will be able to make post-closing indemnification claims against the Indemnity Escrow, subject to the terms and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement. In addition, under the Purchase Agreement, the Company is subject to non-competition and non-solicitation provisions pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed not to engage in certain competitive activities with respect to Veritone One’s business or solicit Veritone One employees or customers for a period of four years following the Divestiture.

Veritone One’s results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are disclosed as discontinued operations and excluded from continuing operations within the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

The operating results of the Company's discontinued operations for thethree and six months ended June 30, 2024 were as follows (unaudited):

Sale of Veritone Energy Solutions Group

On June 30, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its Veritone Energy solutions group to GridBeyond Limited, an Ireland-based privately held company (“GridBeyond”) that delivers AI-powered energy solutions, pursuant to an asset purchase agreement. The Company received 4,160,644 shares of Series B Preference Shares in GridBeyond valued at approximately $2,021 as of June 30, 2023, as well as $549 in cash. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $2,572 in the second quarter of 2023. The group did not meet the criteria of discontinued operations because the disposal did not have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. In April 2024, the Company sold its interest in GridBeyond for $1,800 in cash, resulting in a loss on sale of $172 and a foreign exchange loss of $49, recorded in other expense (income), net during the second quarter of 2024.

4. Debt

Senior Secured Term Loan

On December 13, 2023 (the “Term Loan Closing Date”), the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with certain funds managed by Highbridge Capital Management, LLC and with certain other lenders (collectively, the “Lenders”) and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as administrative agent and collateral agent. The Credit Agreement provides for a $77,500 senior secured term loan (the “Term Loan”), which was fully drawn by the Company on the Term Loan Closing Date. On the Term Loan Closing Date, the Company used $37,500 of the Term Loan proceeds to repurchase $50,000 principal amount of its Convertible Notes (as defined below). As a result of the collective transactions at the Term Loan Closing Date, the Company recorded the Term Loan at fair value and recognized a one-time gain of $30,000 on the extinguishment of convertible debt. The initial discount on the Term Loan of$23,807 along with thecapitalized issuance costs of$3,120 each will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. The amortization of initial discounts and issuance costs was$1,156 and $1,421 for thethree months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $2,215 and $2,753 for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

In October 2024, the Company, as required by the terms of the Credit Agreement, used net proceeds from the Divestiture to pay down $30,512 in principal and $3,051 in prepayment premiums and $252 in accrued interest on the Term Loan. As of June 30, 2025, $37,301 aggregate principal amount remained outstanding under the Term Loan.

The Company is the borrower under the Credit Agreement and all indebtedness outstanding under the Credit Agreement is guaranteed by each of the Company’s direct and indirect material subsidiaries (the Company and the guarantors, collectively, the “Credit Parties”). Pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement, dated December 13, 2023 (the “Pledge and Security Agreement”), the Term Loan is secured by a first-priority security interest in and lien on substantially all tangible and intangible property of the Credit Parties and a pledge of equity interests held by the Credit Parties. The Credit Agreement has certain customary default provisions, representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, and originally contained a minimum Consolidated Liquidity (as defined in the Credit Agreement) covenant to maintain unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of at least $15,000 at all times (which covenant was later amended by the First Amendment, the Second Amendment and the Third Amendment, as further described below). The Company was in compliance with the amended covenants under the Credit Agreement at June 30, 2025.

On March 13, 2025, the Company entered into a Limited Consent (the “Limited Consent”) to the Credit Agreement, with the lenders and administrative agent party thereto. Pursuant to the Limited Consent, the lenders consented to the delivery by the Company of the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and a report of the Company’s independent certified public accountants relating thereto that do not meet certain requirements of the Credit Agreement requiring, among other things, delivery of audited consolidated financial statements and a report thereon of the Company’s independent certified public accountants that are unqualified as to going concern. As consideration for the Limited Consent, the Company paid an aggregate of $1,000 in cash to the lenders party to the Limited Consent.

On April 24, 2025, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “First Amendment”). The First Amendment provides that (a) the minimum Consolidated Liquidity (as defined in the Credit Agreement) covenant is reduced from $15,000 to $10,000 for the period of time beginning on April 24, 2025 and extending through June 16, 2025, and (b) the mandatory prepayment covenant under the Credit Agreement with respect to asset sales is amended to (i) require that 100% of the Net Asset Sale Proceeds (as defined in the Credit Agreement) be used to repay the obligations under the Credit Agreement (increased from 60% of the Net Asset Sale Proceeds prior to the First Amendment), and (ii) clarify the requirement that the Company use all future proceeds that it receives in connection with the previously closed sale of its formerly wholly-owned subsidiary, Veritone One, including any earn-out payments and releases of previously escrowed amounts, to repay obligations under the Credit Agreement. In connection with obtaining the requisite lenders’ consent to the First Amendment, the Company issued to the consenting lenders 228,311 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a number of shares having an aggregate value equal to $500, based on a price per share of $2.19, which was the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on April 23, 2025, the trading day immediately prior to the effective date of the First Amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 470, Debt (“ASC 470”), this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the Credit Agreement. The $500 of costs were recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement using the effective-interest method.

On June 13, 2025, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The Second Amendment provides that the minimum Consolidated Liquidity (as defined in the Credit Agreement) covenant is (i) reduced to $5 million for the period of time beginning on June 13, 2025 and extending through June 30, 2025, (ii) increased to $10 million for the period of time beginning on July 1, 2025 and extending through August 31, 2025 and (iii) increased to $15 million beginning on September 1, 2025 and extending through maturity. In connection with obtaining the requisite lenders’ consent to the Second Amendment, the Company issued to the consenting lenders 253,744 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a number of shares having an aggregate value equal to $373, based on a price per share of $1.47, which was the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on June 12, 2025, the trading day immediately prior to the effective date of the Second Amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the Credit Agreement. The $373 of costs were recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement using the effective-interest method.

On June 30, 2025, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Third Amendment”). The Third Amendment provides that the minimum Consolidated Liquidity (as defined in the Credit Agreement) covenant (i) shall not be less than $5 million for the period of time beginning on June 13, 2025 and extending through August 31, 2025 and (ii) shall be increased to $15 million beginning on September 1, 2025 and extending through maturity. The Company did not pay a consent fee in connection with the Third Amendment. Except as set forth in the Limited Consent, the First Amendment, the Second Amendment, and the Third Amendment, the terms of the Credit Agreement remain unchanged.

The Term Loan accrues interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 8.50% per annum, with a 3.00% floor for Term SOFR, payable quarterly. A default interest rate of an additional 3.00% per annum applies on all outstanding obligations after the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default.

The Credit Agreement has a term offour years from the Term Loan Closing Date, with a scheduled maturity date of December 13, 2027, and requires quarterly amortization payments of 2.50% of the principal amount, commencing in June 2024, with the outstanding balance of the Term Loan payable on the scheduled maturity date.

The Credit Agreement, as amended, requires mandatory prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by the Credit Parties for among other things (i) certain asset sales as described above, and (ii) insurance recoveries on loss of property that are not otherwise reinvested in other assets of the Credit Parties at a 10% prepayment premium. The Credit Agreement also requires prepayment of the Term Loan in full if $30,000 or more of aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes are outstanding on August 14, 2026. The Company may elect to prepay the Term Loan, in whole or in part, in cash, subject to a make-whole premium during the first year of the Term Loan, a 14.0% prepayment premium during the second year of the Term Loan, and a 7.0% premium during the third year of the Term Loan.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, interest expense related to the Term Loan, including amortization of initial discounts and issuance costs, was $2,276 and $4,131, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, interest expense related to the Term Loan, including amortization of initial discounts and issuance costs, was $4,751 and $8,188, respectively. The effective annual interest rate was approximately 35.3%.

Interest expense was allocated to discontinued operations using the proportion of the principal repayment required to be made as a result of the Divestiture over the total Term Loan principal outstanding at the Divestiture Closing Date. Interest on debt that is required to be repaid as a result of a disposal is allocated to discontinued operations, as is the case under the Credit Agreement. As a result, the Company allocated interest expense and amortization of discounts and issuance costs relating to repayment of the Term Loan, as required by the Divestiture, to discontinued operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company allocated $1,648 and $3,234, respectively, of interest expense, including amortization of initial discounts and issuance costs, to discontinued operations as a result of the Divestiture.

On the Term Loan Closing Date, the Company issued warrants (the “Warrants”) to the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Warrant Holders”) to purchase up to 3,008,540 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.576 per share with a termination date of December 12, 2028. At the date of issuance, the Company classified the Warrants as equity and recognized them in additional paid-in capital within its consolidated balance sheet. As of June 30, 2025, there were 2,508,683 Warrants that remained unexercised and outstanding.

As of June 30, 2025, the remaining annual scheduled principal payments of the Term Loan were as follows:

Convertible Senior Notes

In November 2021, the Company issued, at par value, $201,250 aggregate principal amount of 1.75% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “Convertible Notes”). The issuance included the full exercise of an option granted by the Company to the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes to purchase an additional $26,250 aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to and are subject to the terms and conditions of an indenture, which is referred to as the Indenture, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Convertible Notes were offered and sold in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In December 2022, the Company repurchased $60,000 aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes at approximately 65% of par (the “2022 Repurchase Transaction”). In December 2023, the Company repurchased $50,000 aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes at approximately 75% of par (the “2023 Repurchase Transaction”). As of June 30, 2025, the Company has $91,250 in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes outstanding and unamortized debt issuance costs of $822.

The Convertible Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year. Interest accrues from November 19, 2021 andis payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on May 15, 2022. The Convertible Notes will mature on November 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Notes.

Holders of the Convertible Notes may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2026, only under the following conditions: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2022 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the Convertible Notes on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the applicable redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after May 15, 2026, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election.

The conversion rate for the Convertible Notes initially is 27.2068 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $36.76 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or following the Company’s issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event or who elects to convert its Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption during the related redemption period, as the case may be.

The Company may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to November 20, 2024. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes (subject to certain limitations), at its option, on or after November 20, 2024 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes. The fundamental change repurchase price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The Convertible Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment with all existing and future liabilities of the Company that are not so subordinated; effectively junior to any of secured indebtedness of the Company to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) and any preferred equity of the Company’s current or future subsidiaries.

The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes were approximately $194,945, after deducting debt issuance costs. The total debt issuance costs incurred and recorded by the Company amounted to $6,304, which were recorded as a reduction to the face amount of the Convertible Notes and are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes are recorded as a liability within convertible senior notes, non-current.

Interest expense related to the Convertible Notes, including amortization of issuance costs, was $546 and $542 for thethree months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $1,091 and $1,084 for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective interest rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was approximately 2.42%. As of June 30, 2025, the if-converted value of the Convertible Notes didnot exceed the outstanding principal amount. As of June 30, 2025, the total estimated fair value of the Convertible Notes was $37,790, which was determined based on a market approach using actual bids and offers of the Convertible Notes in an over-the-counter market during the period. The Company considers these assumptions to be Level 2 inputs in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 6.

Capped Calls

In connection with the pricing of the Convertible Notes and subsequent exercise by the initial purchasers of their option to purchase additional Convertible Notes, each in November 2021, the Company used approximately $18,616 of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions, which are referred to as the capped calls, with various financial institutions.

The capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Convertible Notes, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Convertible Notes. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset some or all of any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, in the event that the market price per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transactions, is greater than the strike price of the capped call transactions, which initially corresponds to the conversion price of the Convertible Notes and is subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the Convertible Notes. If, however, the market price per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transactions, exceeds the cap price of the capped call transactions, there would nevertheless be dilution and/or there would not be an offset of such potential cash payments, in each case, to the extent that such market price exceeds the cap price of the capped call transactions. The initial cap price of the capped calls is $48.55 per share of common stock, which represents a premium of 75% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $27.74 per share on November 16, 2021, and is subject to certain customary adjustments under the terms of the capped calls; provided that the cap price will not be reduced to an amount less than the strike price of $35.76 per share.

The capped call transactions are separate transactions and are not part of the terms of the Convertible Notes. The capped calls met the criteria for classification as equity and, as such, are not remeasured each reporting period and are included as a reduction to additional paid-in-capital within stockholders’ equity.

In connection with the 2023 Repurchase Transaction, the Company entered into transactions to unwind a portion of the capped calls. The Company didnot receive any proceeds from the unwinding of the capped calls in 2023.

5. Loss Per Share

In January 2025, the Company sold and issued the January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants (see Note 10), and in June 2025, the Company sold and issued the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants (see Note 10). The shares of common stock into which both the January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants and June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants may be exercised are considered outstanding from the date of issuance of the January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants and June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants for the purposes of computing basic loss per share because the shares may be issued for little or no consideration and because the January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants and June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants were fully vested and immediately exercisable upon issuance.

The following participating securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:

6. Fair Value Measurements

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), for its financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:

•

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

•

Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

•

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised primarily of domestic and foreign bank accounts and money market funds. These cash and cash equivalents are valued based on Level 1 inputs which consist of quoted prices in active markets. To reduce its credit risk, the Company monitors the credit standing of the financial institutions that hold the Company’s cash and cash equivalents. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximated their estimated fair value. As such, there areno unrealized gains or losses related to the Company’s cash and cash equivalents.

Veritone One Earnout Receivable

The Company made an accounting policy election to record the earnout receivable related to the Veritone One divestiture at fair value at inception, and it is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The earnout receivable is recorded within other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The earnout receivable for the Veritone One divestiture has been recorded at its fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model due to the variability of estimating future revenues associated with the Company’s earnout. These models incorporate contractual terms and assumptions regarding financial forecasts for Veritone One, discount rates, and volatility of forecasted revenue. The value of the Veritone One earnout receivable would decrease if a lower discount rate was used and would increase if a higher discount rate was used. Similarly, a higher revenue volatility assumption would increase the value of the Veritone One earnout receivable, and a lower revenue volatility assumption would decrease the value of the Veritone One earnout receivable. The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist.

The following table sets forth the significant assumptions utilized to determine the fair value of the earnout receivable related to the sale of Veritone One as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The following table presents a summary of the change in the fair value of the earnout receivable, which was primarily driven by a decrease in forecasted revenues and the passage of time and is included in Other assets within the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Investments

The Company holds a strategic investment in a technology company that was determined to not have a readily determinable fair value. This investment is carried at a cost of $2,750 on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets within other assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

In June 2023, the Company acquired a strategic investment in GridBeyond that did not have a readily determinable fair value. This investment was carried at a cost equal to its initial estimated fair value of $2,021 on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets within other assets as of June 30, 2023, with that initial estimated fair value based on third party valuation at the time of the transaction and was categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. In April 2024, the Company sold its investment in GridBeyond for $1,800 in cash, resulting in a loss on sale of $172 and a foreign exchange loss of $49, recorded in other expense (income), net during the second quarter of 2024.

Because these investments do not have readily determinable fair values, the Company has elected to measure these investments under ASC 321, Investments–Equity Securities, at cost minus impairments, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments. No impairment was recorded for thethree and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company re-measures its investments if there is an observable transaction in a class of security similar to the Company’s investments and there were no such re-measurements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill recorded in connection with the Company’s acquisitions is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated operational synergies. Goodwill was $53,110 as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. There wereno additions to, or impairments of, goodwill during thethree and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Amortization expense related to developed technology, customer relationships, and trademarks and trade names is recorded in depreciation and amortization within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets was $5,879 and $5,989 for thethree months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $11,826 and $11,981 for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following table presents future amortization of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2025:

On May 31, 2025, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment assessment. The Company determined that an indicator of impairment was present driven by a sustained decrease in the Company's stock price, and as a result, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment as of May 31, 2025 using the enterprise approach, which estimates fair value based on the overall value of the business, including debt, and determined that goodwill was not impaired, as the estimated fair value of the Company’s single reporting unit exceeded its carrying value.

As of June 30, 2025 the Company performed an updated analysis using a market approach, which estimates fair value based on the Company’s market capitalization and an estimate of a reasonable range of values of a control premium. The Company determined that goodwill was not impaired, as the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. Additionally, as of May 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, the Company performed a quantitative analysis of the recoverability of each of the Company’s asset groups. The result of the analyses was that the assets were not impaired, as the expected cash flows exceeded the carrying value for each asset group.

8. Consolidated Financial Statement Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets Details

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

Other Assets

Other assets consisted of the following:

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue. Deferred revenue represents billings under non-cancelable contracts before the related product or service is transferred to the customer. The portion of deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized as revenue during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as deferred revenue within the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue was comprised of the following:

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss Details

Revenue

The Company serves two customer groups: (1) Commercial Enterprise, which today consists of customers in the commercial sector, including media and entertainment customers, representation customers and Veritone Hire solutions customers (inclusive of Broadbean customers); and (2) Public Sector, which consists of customers in the public sector industries, including state, local and federal government, legal, and compliance customers.

Software Products & Services consists of revenue generated from the Company’s aiWARE platform, including its Veritone Data Refinery (“VDR”) product, and Veritone Hire talent acquisition solutions, any related support and maintenance services, and any related professional services associated with the deployment and/or implementation of such solutions.

Managed Services consists of revenues generated from content licensing customers, representation services, and, to a lesser extent, from advertising customers and related services.

The table below illustrates the presentation of our revenues based on the above definitions:

Other Expense (Income), Net

The $3,162 of other expense, net for thethree months ended June 30, 2025 primarily consisted of a $2,870 loss on revaluation of the Veritone One earnout receivable. The $115 of other expense, net for thethree months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of a $172 loss on sale of GridBeyond, partially offset by a $58 foreign currency impact.

The $899 of other income, net for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 primarily consisted of a $784 gain on revaluation of the Veritone One earnout receivable. The $528 of other expense, net for thesix months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of a $172 loss on sale of GridBeyond and a $355 foreign currency impact.

Provision for Income Taxes

In accordance with ASC 740-270, Income Taxes, the provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the Company updates the estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated tax rate changes, the Company records a cumulative adjustment. A separate estimated annual effective tax rate is applied for jurisdictions where an entity anticipates an ordinary loss or has an ordinary loss for the year to date for which no tax benefit can be recognized.

The Company’s effective tax rate was an expense of 3.4% and a benefit of 0.3% for thethree months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and an expense of 1.2% and a benefit of 2.2% for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The difference between the effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% is primarily due to a valuation allowance established on the Company’s domestic federal and state net deferred tax assets, as well as the impact of foreign operations subject to tax in foreign jurisdictions. The change in the effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the comparable prior year period is primarily due to the impact of taxes on foreign operations and valuation allowances against domestic net deferred tax assets.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had deferred tax assets of $1,102 and $1,773, respectively, and deferred tax liabilities of $5,401 and $6,387, respectively, which are included in other assets and other non-current liabilities, respectively, within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2025, the Company continues to provide a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable. The Company continues to evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance. If the Company’s assessment of the deferred tax assets or the corresponding valuation allowance were to change, the Company would record the related adjustment to income during the period in which the determination is made.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, Israel, the United Kingdom, France, and Australia. The United States, Israel, and the United Kingdom comprise the majority of the Company’s operations. In general, the U.S. federal statute of limitations is three years. However, the Internal Revenue Service may still adjust a tax loss or credit carryover in the year the tax loss or credit carryover is utilized. As such, the Company’s U.S. federal tax returns and state tax returns are open for examination since inception. The Israeli statute of limitations period is generally four years commencing at the end of the year in which the return was filed. The Company’s subsidiary, PandoLogic, Inc., concluded their U.S. Federal audit for the 2022 tax year with no adjustment. The Company is not currently under examination from income tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which the Company does business.

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted H.R. 1 “A bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to Title II of H. Con. Res. 14”, commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). Changes in tax laws may affect recorded deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities and the Company’s effective tax rate in the future and the Company continues to evaluate the impacts the new legislation will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result of the enactment of H.R. 1, the Company anticipates an impact to the deferred tax liability and the income tax payable related to the provisions for 100% bonus depreciation for assets placed in service after January 19, 2025 and full expensing of domestic research and experimental expenditures. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact.

9. Leases, Commitments, and Contingencies

Leases

In January 2025, the Company entered into a non-cancellable agreement to lease office space in London to replace its existing office space. The base rent is approximately $2,529, translated at the March 31, 2025 spot rate, in the aggregate over the original lease term of 71 months from the commencement date.

Deferred Purchase Consideration

In connection with its acquisition of an influencer-based management company in March 2022 (the “March 2022 Acquisition”), the Company committed to make deferred purchase consideration payments of $1,500 within ten days of the first anniversary of the closing date of the March 2022 Acquisition and an additional $1,500 within ten days of the second anniversary of the closing date of the March 2022 Acquisition. The first payment of $1,500 was made during the first quarter of 2023 and the second payment of $1,500 was made during the first quarter of 2024.

On August 11, 2022, the Company acquired certain assets of Vision Semantics Limited (“VSL”), a U.K.-based company focused on AI-powered video analytics and surveillance software solutions. In connection with its acquisition of VSL in August 2022, the Company committed to make a purchase consideration payment of $300 on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date of the acquisition, which the Company paid during the first quarter of 2024.

Legal and Other Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company currently is not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In December 2024, the Company received $2,500 in unclaimed funds associated with the PandoLogic acquisition from its escrow agent. Based on the jurisdiction of the potential future claims and underlying statute of limitations, the Company has recognized the unclaimed funds as part of other non-current liabilities within its consolidated balance sheets, which amounted to $2,481 and $2,500 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and will continue to evaluate the merit of such claims.

10. Stockholders’ Equity

January 2025 Registered Direct Offering

On January 2, 2025, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 4,414,878 shares of common stock at a price of $2.53 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 3,608,838 shares of common stock at a price of $2.52 per pre-funded warrant (the “January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants”), with an exercise price of $0.01, in a registered direct offering with Esousa Group Holdings, LLC. The aggregate gross proceeds were approximately $20,300, before deducting estimated offering expenses.

The January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants generally cannot be exercised if the holder’s aggregate beneficial ownership would be more than 9.99% of the total issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock following such exercise. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants are subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the warrant agreement.

The January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants were evaluated pursuant to ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company classified the January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants as a component of stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and recorded them at fair value on the issuance date, which approximated their sales price. The January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants were equity classified because they were freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable, were immediately exercisable, did not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its common shares, permitted the holders to receive a fixed number of common shares upon exercise, were indexed to the Company’s common shares and met the equity classification criteria.

June 2025 Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement

On June 30, 2025, the Company agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of 6,452,293 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $1.09 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 1,804,587 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants”), priced at $1.08 per pre-funded warrant, with an exercise price of $0.01 per share, to certain institutional and accredited investors in a registered direct offering. The sale and issuance of shares and warrants were completed on July 1, 2025. The aggregate gross proceeds were approximately $8,982, before deducting estimated offering expenses.

The June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants provide that the holder may not exercise any portion of the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants to the extent that immediately prior to or after giving effect to such exercise, the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “Maximum Percentage”) after such exercise. By written notice to the Company, the holder may from time to time increase or decrease the Maximum Percentage to any other percentage specified not in excess of 19.99% (the “Maximum Cap”). Subject to the Maximum Percentage or, as applicable, the Maximum Cap, the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. If, at the time of exercise, there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance or resale of the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants, in lieu of making cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to the Company upon exercise of a June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrant in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants are subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants.

The June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants were evaluated pursuant to ASC 480 and ASC 815. The Company classified the June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants as a component of stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and recorded them at fair value on the issuance date, which approximated their sales price. The June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants were equity classified because they were freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable, were immediately exercisable, did not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its common shares, permitted the holders to receive a fixed number of common shares upon exercise, were indexed to the Company’s common shares and met the equity classification criteria.

Additionally, on June 30, 2025, pursuant to the terms of the RDO Purchase Agreement, the Company and Ryan Steelberg, the Company’s President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of its Board of Directors, as trustee of The RSS Living Trust dated April 6, 2012 (the “RSS Trust”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Steelberg Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the RSS Trust agreed to purchase from the Company, and the Company agreed to issue and sell to the RSS Trust, up to 709,220 shares of the Company’s common stock for a gross aggregate offering price of $1.0 million, at a price per share equal to the greater of (i) $1.41 (representing the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on June 27, 2025) and (ii) the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the date that is the second full trading day after the date on which the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 (“Q2 Form 10-Q”) is filed with the SEC (such transaction, the “Private Placement” and such shares, the “Private Placement Shares”).

The Private Placement is expected to close on the third full trading day after the filing of the Company’s Q2 Form 10-Q with the SEC, subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions. The Private Placement Shares will not be registered under the Securities Act and are being offered pursuant to the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) promulgated thereunder. The RSS Trust is an “accredited investor” as such term is defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act.

The Private Placement Shares were classified as a liability within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet pursuant to ASC 480. The Private Placement Shares were liability classified because the Company will deliver a variable number of shares based on the closing bid price of its common stock on the trading day preceding the closing date, while the monetary obligation was fixed at inception. The liability was recorded at its fair value of approximately $1.0 million, equal to the gross aggregate offering price of the Private Placement Shares.

At the Market Program

On November 19, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with Needham & Company, LLC and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Sales Agents”), to establish an “at-the-market” equity offering program (the "ATM Program"), allowing the Company to offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $35,000 from time to time through the Sales Agents. Sales, if any, under the Sales Agreement are conducted as “at-the-market” equity offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on The Nasdaq Global Market or other trading markets for our common stock. The issuance and sale of shares have been and may continue to be made pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-280148), which became effective on June 21, 2024, and the related prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on November 19, 2024. From inception through June 30, 2025, the Company has received $7,846 in net proceeds from sales of 3,716,873 shares of its common stock pursuant to the ATM Program.

The Company recorded $29,449 of total proceeds from the issuance of stock and pre-funded warrants under registered direct offerings, Private Placement, and at-the-market offering, net of offering costs, within financing activities on its condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which excludes $2,828 of proceeds that were received subsequent to the quarter end and therefore reflected as an asset within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2025.

11. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 11, Stock Plans, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2024 10-K. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) subject to service conditions, RSUs subject to service and performance conditions, and RSUs subject to service and market conditions.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the activities for all stock options under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans for thesix months ended June 30, 2025:

(1)

The intrinsic value is the amount by which the current market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock awards.

(2)

Includes 3,553 and 3,620 performance condition stock options as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(3)

Includes 67 performance condition stock options.

(4)

Includes 3,553 performance condition stock options.

(5)

Includes 3,553 performance condition stock options.

There wereno stock options granted during thethree and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was immaterial.

As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to all nonvested stock options was $538 and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized was approximately 1.2 years.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activities for all RSUs under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans for thesix months ended June 30, 2025:

(1)

Includes 323 and 248 performance condition RSUs as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2)

Includes 323 performance condition RSUs.

(3)

Includes 248 performance condition RSUs.

The total vesting date fair value of RSUs which vested during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $392 and $1,033, respectively. The total vesting date fair value of RSUs which vested during thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $1,120 and $1,461, respectively.

As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to all nonvested RSUs was $5,501 and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized was approximately 1.9 years.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table provides information about stock-based compensation expense by award type:

The following table provides information about stock-based compensation expense by financial statement line item:

Stock-based compensation expense capitalized as part of internal-use software was $53 and $94 for thethree months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $110 and $212 for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

12. Related Party Transactions

Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement

On January 4, 2023, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Steel Holdings, LLC effective January 1, 2023 (the “Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement”). Steel Holdings, LLC is an entity affiliated with Chad Steelberg, formerly a member of the Board, as well as the Company’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Under the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement, the Company retained Mr. Steelberg as a consultant to provide ongoing Chief Executive Officer transition services and to manage and oversee the further development of the Company’s aiWARE platform.

In January 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated independent contractor services agreement with Steel Holdings, LLC (the “Amended Consulting Agreement”), which supersedes and replaces the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement. Pursuant to the Amended Consulting Agreement, Mr. Steelberg will provide technical advisory services related to the Company’s software, software architecture and technology strategy as requested by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer until December 31, 2025, the termination date of the Amended Consulting Agreement. In consideration for such services, the Company paid Steel Holdings, LLC $1,000 in cash on July 1, 2024 and agreed to pay Steel Holdings, LLC $50 per month in cash for the period from January 2024 through December 2025. The Company will reimburse Steel Holdings, LLC for reasonable and documented expenses incurred in connection with providing the services in accordance with the Company’s standard travel and expense policies.

The Amended Consulting Agreement may be terminated by either party with 90 days’ notice. If the Company terminates the Amended Consulting Agreement for any reason other than Steel Holdings, LLC’s material breach, then any remaining compensation payments under the Amended Consulting Agreement will become due and payable. In the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the Company’s 2017 Stock Incentive Plan), the Amended Consulting Agreement will terminate as of the effective date of the Change in Control and any remaining payments will become due and payable.

The Company determined that all future payments under the Amended Consulting Agreement are probable and estimable, and that substantially all benefits earned under the agreement relate to past services rendered. As such, the Company recognized a resulting acceleration charge of $1,484 to general and administrative expenses within its condensed consolidated statement of operations during the first quarter of 2024 and has accrued a liability for all future cash payments under the agreement on its condensed consolidated balance sheet, which amounted to $346 and $586 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Appointment of Ryan Steelberg

Ryan Steelberg, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, was appointed Chairman of the Board effective January 22, 2024, replacing Chad Steelberg who resigned as Chairman of the Board effective the same date. Chad Steelberg continued to serve as a member of the Company’s Board until his resignation effective as of March 12, 2025.

RSS Trust Private Placement

On June 30, 2025, pursuant to the terms of the RDO Purchase Agreement, the Company and Ryan Steelberg, as trustee of the RSS Trust, entered into the Steelberg Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the RSS Trust agreed to purchase from the Company, and the Company agreed to issue and sell to the RSS Trust, up to 709,220 shares of the Company’s common stock for a gross aggregate offering price of $1.0 million, at a price per share equal to the greater of (i) $1.41 (representing the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on June 27, 2025) and (ii) the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the date that is the second full trading day after the date on which the Q2 Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. Refer to Note 10, Stockholders’ Equity, for additional information.

There wereno other material related party transactions during thesix months ended June 30, 2025.

13. Subsequent Events

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted. OBBBA amends U.S. tax law including provisions related to bonus depreciation, research and development and foreign derived intangible income. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the OBBBA on its condensed consolidated financial statements.