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AQUABOUNTY TECHNOLOGIES INC

For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Mar 27, 2025.

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About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2024 · Filed Mar 27, 2025

AQB$0.96-1.9%Stored close · as of Nov 9, 2026

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Nature of business

AquaBounty Technologies, Inc. (the “Parent” and, together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, the “Company”) was incorporated in December 1991 in the State of Delaware for the purpose of conducting research and development of the commercial viability of a group of proteins commonly known as antifreeze proteins. In 1996, the Parent obtained the exclusive licensing rights for a gene construct (transgene) used to create a breed of farm-raised Atlantic salmon that exhibit growth rates that are substantially faster than conventional Atlantic salmon.

The Company has historically pursued a growth strategy that included the construction of large-scale RAS farms for producing its GE Atlantic salmon. The Company had commenced construction of its 10,000 metric ton Ohio Farm Project, but paused the construction in June 2023, as the cost estimate to complete the farm continued to substantially increase due to inflation and other factors. Further, these cost increases impaired its ability to pursue municipal bond financing, which was a necessary component of its funding strategy. The Company subsequently engaged an investment bank to pursue a range of funding and strategic alternatives and to assist management in the prioritization of the Company’s core assets. These efforts resulted in the sale of the Company’s Indiana Farm in July 2024, recurring sales throughout the year of selected Ohio Equipment Assets, and the sale of the Company’s Canadian Farms and its Corporate IP in March 2025. During 2024, the Company also focused on cost containment to preserve and extend its available cash. After completion of these transactions, the Company’s primary remaining asset is its investment in the Ohio Farm Project, consisting of the remaining Ohio Equipment Assets and the Ohio Farm Site. The Company continues to work with its investment bank to identify the optimal path forward for realizing the potential of this asset, either through new investment, partnership or other strategic options.

Going Concern Uncertainty

Since inception, the Company has incurred cumulative net losses of $370 million and expects that this will continue for the foreseeable future. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $230 thousand in cash and cash equivalents on its consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional capital, including its ability to sell assets to generate liquidity to fund ongoing operations, and there can be no assurance that such capital will be available in sufficient amounts, on a timely basis, or on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. This raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the accompanying consolidated financial statements are issued. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company’s management conducted a comprehensive process to explore and evaluate strategic alternatives to raise funds with the goal of maximizing stockholder value. Potential alternatives that were evaluated included, but were not limited to, equity or debt financing, a merger, and the sale of all or part of the Company.

Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The entities are collectively referred to herein as the “Company.” All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

On October 12, 2023, the stockholders of the Company approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, and the Board of Directors approved a split ratio of 1-for-20. The reverse stock split was implemented on October 16, 2023. In conjunction with the reverse stock split, the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance was reduced from 150 million to 75 million. All share and per share information, as well as other related information on equity instruments in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, have been adjusted to reflect this change.

  1. Summary of significant accounting policies

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Comprehensive loss

The Company displays comprehensive loss and its components as part of its consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes foreign currency translation adjustments.

Foreign currency translation

The functional currency of the Parent and U.S. subsidiaries is the US Dollar. The functional currency of the Canadian Subsidiary is the Canadian Dollar (C$). For the Canadian Subsidiary, assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at the historical exchange rate, and the income statement accounts are translated at the average rate for each period during the year. Net translation gains or losses are adjusted directly to a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.

Cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of business savings accounts, certificates of deposit and money market accounts.

Fair Value of Financial instruments

The Company groups its financial instruments measured at fair value, if any, in three levels based on the markets in which the instruments are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgement used in measuring fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs derived principally from, or that can be corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgement or estimation.

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for prepaid expenses and other current assets and accounts payable approximate fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. All of the Company’s interest-bearing debt is at fixed rates. See Notes 4 and 6 for discussion of Level 3 non-recurring measurements used for long-lived assets.

Intangible assets

Definite lived intangible assets include patents and licenses. Patent costs consist primarily of legal and filing fees incurred to file patents on proprietary technology developed by the Company. Patent costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over 20 years beginning with the filing date of the applicable patent. License fees are capitalized and expensed over the term of the licensing agreement.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. The Company depreciates all asset classes over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Building20 - 25 years
Equipment5 - 20 years
Office furniture and equipment3 years
Leasehold improvementsshorter of asset life or lease term
Vehicles3 years

The Company commences depreciation on an asset when it is placed into service.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets, definite lived intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment when facts and circumstances suggest that they may be impaired. The carrying values of such assets are considered impaired when the estimated undiscounted cash flows from such assets are less than their carrying values. An impairment loss, if any, is recognized in the amount of the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of such assets.

Leases

The Company leases certain facilities, property, and equipment under noncancelable operating leases. A determination is made if an arrangement is a lease at its inception, and leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. For operating leases, expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Income taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. A valuation allowance is established to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company follows accounting guidance regarding the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. Tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns are required to be evaluated to determine whether the tax positions are “more likely than not” to be upheld under regulatory review. The resulting tax impact of these tax positions is recognized in the financial statements based on the results of this evaluation. The Company did not recognize any tax liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions, nor has it recognized any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax positions. The Company is not currently under exam and is no longer subject to federal and state tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2021.

Net loss per share

Basic and diluted net loss per share available to common stockholders have been calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Basic net loss per share is based solely on the number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Fully diluted net loss per share includes the number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants or options with an exercise price less than the fair value of the common stock. Since the Company is reporting a net loss for all periods presented, all potential shares of common stock are considered anti-dilutive and are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect is anti-dilutive:

Years Ended December 31,
Weighted Average Outstanding20242023
Stock options72,33761,146
Warrants-917
Unvested stock awards20,14727,368

The Company measures and recognizes all share-based payment awards, including stock options and restricted share units made to employees and directors, based on estimated fair values. The fair value of a share-based payment award is estimated on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model (“Black-Scholes”) as its method of valuation. Non-employee share-based compensation is accounted for using Black-Scholes to determine the fair value of warrants or options awarded to non-employees with the fair value of such issuances expensed over the period of service.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The reporting requirements for ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. See the Company’s adoption of these disclosure requirements in Note 12.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, to enhance the transparency of certain expense disclosures. The update requires disclosure of specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The update requires disaggregated information about certain prescribed expense categories underlying any relevant income statement expense caption. The amendments in this update are effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The amendments may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of this update and plans to adopt these amendments for annual disclosures in for the year ended December 31, 2027 and interim disclosures in the year ended December 31, 2028.

  1. Risks and uncertainties

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties associated with its current operations. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: (i) timing of securing additional sources of cash; (ii) realization of asset values different than those recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet; and (iii) stockholder approval of any plans made by the Company’s management and board of directors that require stockholder approval.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. This risk is mitigated by the Company’s policy of maintaining all balances with highly rated financial institutions and investing in cash equivalents with maturities of less than 90 days. The Company’s cash balances may at times exceed insurance limitations. The Company holds cash balances in bank accounts located in Canada to fund its local operations. These amounts are subject to foreign currency exchange risk, which is minimized by the Company’s policy to limit the balances held in these accounts. Balances in Canadian bank accounts at December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $166 thousand and $227 thousand, respectively.

  1. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale

In July 2024, the Company sold its Indiana Farm for a sale price of $9.5 million less transaction expenses of $305 thousand, which included certain Ohio Equipment Assets with a carrying value of $13.0 million that had been purchased for the Company’s Ohio Farm Project. In December 2024, the Company announced the winddown of its Canadian fish rearing operations and signed a Letter of Intent with a buyer to purchase the Canadian Farms (see Note 13). These decisions by the Company represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. As a result, the operations of the Indiana Farm and the Canadian Farms have been reclassified as discontinued operations on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of these operations are separately reported as “assets and liabilities held for sale” as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The sale of the Indiana Farm resulted in a $22.5 million non-cash impairment charge against long-lived assets and a $1.0 million net realizable value adjustment of inventory at the Indiana Farm. An impairment charge of $5.4 million was recorded against the long-lived assets of the Canadian Farms. The impairments and net realizable value adjustments are reflected in discontinued operations.

Provided below are the major areas of the financial statements that constitute discontinued operations:

December 31, 2024 · December 31, 2023
Current Assets
Inventory$-$1,733,603
Prepaid and other current assets65,030551,543
Property, plant and equipment, net10,754,87919,126,416
Other assets-247,035
Total current assets$10,819,909$21,658,597
Non-Current Assets
Property, plant and equipment, net-11,151,498
Other non-current assets-2,953
Total non-current assets$-$11,154,451
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses106,590879,146
Accrued employee compensation54,583418,212
Current debt3,260,005270,838
Other current liabilities408,863203,227
Total current liabilities$3,830,041$1,771,423
Non-Current Liabilities
Long-term debt-3,215,513
Total non-current liabilities$-$3,215,513
Years ended December 31,
20242023
Revenue$788,701$2,472,659
Costs and expenses
Product costs7,327,40315,281,635
Sales and marketing330146,363
Research and development27,015197,580
General and administrative863,760492,035
Long-lived impairment27,911,529-
Operating loss(35,341,336)(13,644,954)
Other (expense) income(98,391)(72,020)
Loss from discontinued operations$(35,439,727)$(13,716,974)
Years ended December 31,
20242023
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization$887,745$2,132,950
Long-lived asset impairment27,911,529-
Other non-cash items3,5181,775
Changes in working capital1,731,996461,830
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of and deposits on property, plant and equipment(97,837)(3,799,253)
Other investing activities-(3,263)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of debt434,832417,673
Repayment of term debt(206,781)(216,883)

Included in the table above for Assets Held for Sale related to discontinued operations is $6.3 million of the Ohio Equipment Assets that are available for sale as of December 31, 2024. See Note 6 for additional information on these assets.

  1. Prepaid and other current assets

Major classifications of prepaid and current assets are summarized as follows for December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024 · December 31, 2023
Receivables$-$855,855
Prepaid insurance203,999213,208
Prepaid other88,01979,667
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets$292,018$1,148,730
  1. Property, plant and equipment

Major classifications of property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows for December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Land$641,345$2,261,320
Construction in process22,026,655141,832,293
Vehicle—13,438
Total property and equipment$22,668,000$144,107,051
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization—(3,583)
Property, plant and equipment, net$22,668,000$144,103,468

The Company’s decision in 2024 to sell certain Ohio Equipment Assets, the Indiana Farm and the Canadian Farms to provide additional liquidity indicated the carrying amount of all Ohio Farm Project property, plant and equipment may not be recoverable. The Company compared future anticipated undiscounted cash flows for the different Ohio Farm Project asset groups to the carrying value of such asset groups, noting that the carrying value of these assets exceeded the cash flows. Therefore, the Company proceeded to calculate the fair values of these different asset groups, representing a Level 3 fair value measurement. The Company recorded non-cash impairment charges of $101.9 million against continuing operations during 2024, in addition to reclassifying $6.3 million of Ohio Equipment Assets to Assets Held for Sale as of December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, all construction in process related to the Ohio Farm Project and an additional $3.8 million remains contractually committed.

  1. Debt

The current terms and conditions of long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 for continuing operations, are as follows:

Interest‎rateMonthly‎repaymentMaturity‎dateDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023
ACOA AIF Grant0%Royalties$1,996,558$2,166,289
Term Note0%—Dec 20251,261,039—
First Farmers Bank & Trust term loan5.4%——2,891,763
Total debt$3,257,597$5,058,052
less: debt issuance costs—(37,237)
less: current portion(1,261,039)(524,462)
Long-term debt, net$1,996,558$4,496,353

Principal payments due on the long-term debt are as follows:

Total
2025$1,261,039
2026—
2027—
2028—
2029—
Thereafter1,996,558
Total$3,257,597

ACOA Atlantic Innovation Fund (“AIF”) Grant

In January 2009, the Canadian Subsidiary was awarded an AIF grant from the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency to provide a contribution towards the funding of a research and development project. Contributions under the grant were made through 2014, and no further funds are available. Amounts claimed by the Canadian Subsidiary must be repaid in the form of a 10% royalty on any products that are commercialized out of this research project until the loan is fully repaid. Revenue from the sale of the Company’s GE Atlantic salmon is not subject to the royalty, and the Company does not expect to commercialize products that would be subject to the royalty in the next five years (see Note 13).

Term Note

On October 11, 2024, the Company entered into a secured promissory note (“Note”) for $1.3 million with a vendor for services provided during 2024. The Note is secured by the assets of the Company’s Ohio Farm Project and is due in full on December 31, 2025, withtwo intermediate scheduled payments. The Note carriesno interest, except in the event of a default, in which case any amount due for payment will be assessed accrued interest at 3% per annum. At December 31, 2024, the Company was in default on its first scheduled payment (see Note 13).

JMB Capital Partners Lending Bridge Loan

In April 2024, the Parent and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Loan and Security agreement (“Loan Agreement”) with JMB Capital Partners Lending, LLC (“JMB”) to fund working capital through a secured term loan of up to $10 million that was scheduled to mature on July 31, 2024 or, if earlier, upon the sale of certain collateral or upon an Event of Default (as defined in the Loan Agreement). Of the total loan amount, $5 million was advanced in April 2024 and $1.5 million was advanced in July 2024. The loan bore interest at a rate of 15% on its outstanding principal balance and was subject to a commitment fee equal to 5% and an exit fee equal to 8%. Of the initial loan advancement, approximately $2.8 million was used to pay the remaining outstanding balance of the Company’s term loan with First Farmers Bank & Trust. The outstanding loan balance with JMB of $6.5 million was repaid on July 26, 2024 from the net proceeds of the sale of the Indiana Farm.

First Farmers Bank & Trust (“FFBT”) Term Loan

On July 31, 2020, the Company’s Indiana Subsidiary obtained a $4.0 million loan from First Farmers Bank and Trust. Net proceeds were $3.9 million after deducting $90 thousand in loan costs. The loan bore an interest rate of 5.375% for the first five years. The note required interest only payments for the first 13 months, followed by monthly principal and interest payments of approximately $57 thousand through maturity. The Company was required to comply with certain financial and non-financial covenants and provide certification of compliance quarterly. During 2022, FFBT removed two of the loan’s negative covenants, and the Company increased its required restrictive cash balance amount from $500 thousand to $1.0 million. The loan was also subject to certain prepayment penalties and was secured by the assets of the Indiana subsidiary and a guarantee by the Parent. The loan was repaid on April 18, 2024 from the proceeds of the JMB bridge loan.

  1. Stockholders’ equity

The Company’s stockholders have authorized 80 million shares of stock, of which 5 million are authorized as preferred stock and 75 million as common stock.

Common stock

The holders of the common stock are entitled toone vote for each share held at all meetings of stockholders. Dividends and distribution of assets of the Company in the event of liquidation are subject to the preferential rights of any outstanding preferred shares.

In 2006, the Company established the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2006 Plan”). The 2006 Plan provided for the issuance of incentive stock options to employees of the Company and non-qualified stock options and awards of restricted stock to directors, officers, employees, and consultants of the Company. In accordance with its original terms, the 2006 Plan terminated on March 18, 2016. All outstanding awards under the 2006 Plan will continue until their individual termination dates.

In March 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the AquaBounty Technologies, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2016 Plan”) to replace the 2006 Plan. The 2016 Plan provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, and awards of restricted and direct stock purchases to directors, officers, employees, and consultants of the Company. Total common shares authorized under the 2016 Plan are 215,000, of which 81,287 shares are reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2024.

Restricted stock

The Company’s restricted stock activity under the 2016 Plan is summarized as follows:

SharesWeighted‎average grant‎date fair value
Unvested at December 31, 202334,140$11.91
Granted——
Vested(18,756)13.57
Forfeited(2,817)13.07
Unvested at December 31, 202412,567$9.18

During 2024 and 2023, the Company expensed $168 thousand and $360 thousand, respectively, related to restricted stock awards. At December 31, 2024, the balance of unearned share-based compensation to be expensed in future periods related to the restricted stock awards is $34 thousand. The period over which the unearned share-based compensation is expected to be earned is approximately 1.2 years.

Stock options

The Company’s option activity under the 2006 Plan and the 2016 Plan is summarized as follows:

Number of ‎optionsWeighted‎average‎exercise price
Outstanding at December 31, 202375,669$41.64
Issued——
Exercised——
Forfeited(6,456)8.36
Expired(4,308)137.81
Outstanding at December 31, 202464,905$38.57
Exercisable at December 31, 202456,500$43.07

Options issued to employees, members of the Board of Directors, and non-employees generally vest over a period ofone year tothree years and are exercisable for a term of 10 years from the date of issuance.

There wereno stock options granted in 2024. The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during 2023 was $5.02. There wereno options exercised in 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total intrinsic value of exercisable and outstanding options was $0.

‎

The following table summarizes information about options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2024:

Weighted‎average exercise‎price of outstanding‎optionsNumber of‎options‎outstandingWeighted‎average remaining‎estimated life‎(in years)Number of‎options‎exercisable
< $10.0026,7018.518,688
$20.00 - $50.0033,7765.033,384
$100.00 - $200.002,2535.32,253
$200.00 - $300.002,1752.32,175
64,90556,500

The fair values of stock option grants to employees and members of the Board of Directors during 2023 were measured on the date of grant using Black-Scholes, with the following weighted average assumptions:

Expected volatility86%
Risk free interest rate4.01%
Expected dividend yield0.0%
Expected life (in years)5

The risk-free interest rate is estimated using the Federal Funds interest rate for a period that is commensurate with the expected term of the awards. The expected dividend yield iszero because the Company has never paid a dividend and does not expect to do so for the foreseeable future. The expected life was based on a number of factors including historical experience, vesting provisions, exercise price relative to market price, and expected volatility. The Company believes that all groups of employees demonstrate similar exercise and post-vesting termination behavior and, therefore, does not stratify employees into multiple groups and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. The expected volatility was estimated using the Company’s historical price volatility over a period that is commensurate with the expected term of the awards.

Total share-based compensation on stock-option grants amounted to $132 thousand and $182 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the balance of unearned share-based compensation to be expensed in future periods related to unvested share-based awards is $49 thousand. The period over which the unearned share-based compensation is expected to be earned is 0.4 years.

The following table summarizes share-based compensation costs recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

20242023
Sales and marketing-19,326
General and administrative299,417522,939
Total share-based compensation$299,417$542,265
  1. Income taxes

The components of loss from continuing operations before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented below:

20242023
Domestic$(113,738,637)$(13,827,567)
Foreign(14,296)(13,360)
Loss before income taxes$(113,752,933)$(13,840,927)

Income taxes computed using the federal statutory income tax rate differ from the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the following:

2024 · 2023
Income tax benefit$(23,888,116)$(2,906,595)
State and provincial income tax(6,687,580)(899,637)
Permanent differences30,58739,924
Other, net(4,759,245)(554,090)
$(35,304,354)$(4,320,398)
Change in valuation allowance35,304,3544,320,398
Total income tax$-$-

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had domestic net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $139 million, after consideration of limitations pursuant to section 382, to offset future federal taxable income, which begin to expire in 2033. Of this amount, the Company had domestic net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $110 million, which can be carried forward indefinitely. The future utilization of certain historic net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, however, is subject to annual use limitations based on the change in stock ownership rules of Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383. The Company experienced a change in ownership under these rules during 2012 and revised its calculation of net operating loss carryforwards based on annual limitation rules. Since the Company has incurred only losses from inception and there is uncertainty related to the ultimate use of the loss carryforwards and tax credits, a valuation allowance has been recognized to offset the Company’s deferred tax assets, andno benefit for income taxes has been recorded.

The IRS released guidance which modified the procedures for taxpayers that incur specified research or experimental (R&E) expenditures to change their method of accounting to comply with the new capitalization and amortization rules provided in Section 174, as revised by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The Section 174 rules require taxpayers to capitalize and amortize specified R&E expenditures over a period of five years (for domestic research) or 15 years (for foreign research), beginning with the midpoint of the taxable year in which the expenses are paid or incurred. The impact defers the tax benefit of R&E expenditures.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

2024 · 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards$36,702,302$29,443,307
Property and equipment27,363,037(1,031,300)
Intangibles2,172,3102,366,372
R&D costs837,054827,227
Other296,757461,500
Total deferred tax assets$67,371,460$32,067,106
Valuation allowance(67,371,460)(32,067,106)
Net deferred tax assets$-$-
  1. Commitments and contingencies

The Company recognizes and discloses commitments when it enters into executed contractual obligations with other parties. The Company accrues contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.

The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in the normal course of business. Management believes that final disposition of any such matters existing at December 31, 2024, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

‎

Lease commitments

The table below summarizes the Company’s lease right of use assets and obligations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net$51,509$77,877
Other current liabilities28,52726,368
Long-term lease obligations22,98251,509
Total operating lease liabilities$51,509$77,877
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating lease expense$30,573$24,826
Short-term lease expense-48,968
Lease payments included in operating cash flows30,57375,885
Weighted average remaining lease term1.8 years2.8 years
Weighted average discount rate8%8%

Remaining payments under leases are as follows as of December 31, 2023:

Remaining payments under leases:
YearAmount
2025$31,796
202621,826
Thereafter-
Total lease payments53,622
Less: imputed interest(2,113)
Total operational lease liabilities$51,509
  1. Retirement plan

The Company has a savings and retirement plan for its US employees that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan covers substantially all employees and provides for voluntary contributions by participating employees up to the maximum contribution allowed under the Internal Revenue Code. Contributions by the Company can be made, as determined by the Board of Directors, provided the amount does not exceed the maximum permitted by the Internal Revenue Code. Company contributions made and expensed in operations in connection with the plan during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, amounted to $70 thousand and $77 thousand, respectively.

  1. Segment Reporting

The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2024. The enhanced segment disclosure requirements were applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements, and prior period disclosures were based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption.

The financial information presented to and reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, who is the interim chief executive officer, chief financial officer and treasurer, is not prepared in accordance with GAAP, therefore, certain accounting policies

of the Company’s single operating and reportable segment differ significantly from those described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The significant difference between how management prepares financial information for internal purposes and GAAP is that internal information is focused on overall cash expenditures.

Management monitors the financial results for internal purposes under a cash expenditure approach rather than GAAP, because management believes such results more closely align to how the business is currently managed with consideration of the Company’s overall focus on liquidity.

Management has identified net cash expenditures as the key performance measure that is used for evaluating the business. The chief operating decision maker uses this measure on a monthly basis when assessing performance and when making decisions about how to allocate operating resources, such as payments to vendors.

The Company believes that net cash expenditures, which is a non-GAAP measure, is the most directly comparable measure to GAAP. As such, the required disclosures of reportable segment expenses and segment loss in the tables below are prepared in accordance with the financial information presented to management and reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker on a regular basis.

December 31,December 31,
$ thousands20242023
Corporate$7,273$12,360
Indiana farm3,34012,075
Ohio farm3,11266,809
Canadian operations3,8695,573
Net cash expenditures$17,594$96,817
Reconciliation of net cash expenditures to
consolidated net loss:
Depreciation and amortization9042,158
Share-based compensation299542
Long-lived asset impairment129,8260
Capitalized expenditures(2,930)(68,890)
Loan principal payments(544)(726)
Product revenue(789)(2,473)
Net realizable value adjustments1,0930
Working capital changes3,738129
Consolidated net loss:$149,193$27,558
  1. Subsequent events

On February 11, 2025, the Company conducted a virtual auction of certain Ohio Equipment Assets. Gross proceeds from the sale were $2.4 million and transaction costs are estimated at $146 thousand.

On February 14, 2025, the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency terminated the outstanding loan with the Company’s Canadian subsidiary under its AIF Grant in the amount of C$2.9 million ($2.0 million). The AIF Grant was awarded in 2009 and provided a contribution towards the funding of a research and development project. Repayment was to be based on royalties from the resulting products from the research, however no product from the research was commercialized.

On March 3, 2025, the Company completed the sale of its Canadian subsidiary to Kelly Cove Salmon Ltd. for C$7.7 million ($5.3 million), which included the assumption of the Canadian subsidiary’s outstanding debt of C$4.6 million ($3.2 million). Net proceeds to the Company after deducting costs and fees was C$2.7 million ($1.9 million).

On March 18, 2025, the Company received a loan default waiver on its secured Term Note with a vendor. The Company missed a loan payment in December, 2024, which among other things could have accelerated the due date on the full balance of the loan. The Company made the loan payment on March 14, 2025 and is in compliance with the terms of the loan as of that date.

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