FTAI Aviation Ltd

1. ORGANIZATION

FTAI Aviation Ltd. (“we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company” and formerly “Fortress Transportation and Infrastructure Investors LLC”) is a Cayman Islands exempted company which through its subsidiaries owns, leases, and sells aviation equipment and also develops and manufactures, through a joint venture, and repairs and sells, through our maintenance facility and exclusivity arrangements, aftermarket components for aircraft engines. Additionally, we own and lease offshore energy equipment. We havetwo reportable segments, (i) Aviation Leasing and (ii) Aerospace Products (see Note 12).

Prior to May 28, 2024, FTAI Aviation Ltd. operated under a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with FIG LLC (the “Former Manager”), and Fortress Worldwide Transportation and Infrastructure Master GP LLC (the “Master GP”), each an affiliate of Fortress Investment Group LLC (“Fortress”). For their services, the Former Manager was entitled to management fees and the Master GP was entitled to certain incentive allocations, both defined in, and in accordance with the terms of, the Management Agreement. On May 28, 2024, the Company entered into an Internalization Agreement with the Former Manager and the Master GP (the “Internalization Agreement”), pursuant to which the Management Agreement was terminated effective May 28, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), except that certain indemnification and other obligations survive, and the Company internalized its management functions (such transactions, the “Internalization”). As a result of the Internalization, the Company ceased to be externally managed and operates as an internally managed company. In connection with the termination of the Management Agreement, the Company (i) agreed to pay the Former Manager (for itself and on behalf of the Master GP, as applicable) $150.0 million (the “Cash Consideration”), the compensation accrued and payable, but not yet paid, under the Management Agreement, and the expenses that were reimbursable, but not yet reimbursed, under the Management Agreement; (ii) issued to the Former Manager (for itself and on behalf of the Master GP, as applicable)1,866,949 ordinary shares of the Company (the “Share Consideration”); and (iii) purchased from Master GP all of its partnership interests in FTAI Aviation Holdco Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, in exchange for $30. In addition, the Former Manager will repay to the Company certain annual bonus payments due to certain employees of the Former Manager or its affiliates who provide services to the Company with respect to the 2024 calendar year on a pro rata basis. The Company financed the cash payments through one or more debt financings, along with cash on hand.

On May 28, 2024, the Company also entered into a Transition Services Agreement (the “Transition Services Agreement”) with the Former Manager. Under the Transition Services Agreement, the Former Manager is required to continue to provide the Company and its affiliates with all of the services provided by the Former Manager to the Company and its affiliates immediately prior to May 28, 2024 (the “Services”) for a transition period during which the Company will procure replacements for the Services. The Services will be provided to the Company for a fee equal to the Former Manager’s cost of providing the Services, plus a mark-up of ten percent (10%). Unless the Transition Services Agreement is terminated earlier or the Company elects to terminate a Service by providing written notice to the Former Manager, the Former Manager is required to provide certain Services to the Company until October 31, 2024. In addition, the Former Manager is required to continue to provide the services that are reasonably required by the Company to prepare its quarterly and annual financial statements until May 31, 2025. The Transition Services Agreement may be terminated earlier (x) by mutual agreement of the parties, (y) by either the Former Manager or the Company in the event of a material breach by the non-terminating party that is not cured within thirty (30) days following written notification thereof, or (z) by the Former Manager if the Company fails to pay any undisputed sum overdue and payable for a period of at least thirty (30) days.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Accounting—The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of us and our subsidiaries. These financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Principles of Consolidation—We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and control over significant operating decisions. All adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The ownership interest of other investors in consolidated subsidiaries is recorded as non-controlling interest.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in entities in which we exercise significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Under the equity method, we record our proportionate share of the underlying net income (loss) of these entities.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Restructuring Charges—The termination of the Management Agreement was a material change in the management structure of the business and is accounted for under ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. The termination fee payment to the

Former Manager under the Internalization Agreement is recorded within Internalization Fee to Affiliate in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 15 for additional discussion of the restructuring charges related to the Internalization.

Reclassifications—Certain amounts from prior periods in the Company’s consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to align with the presentation in the current period.

Risks and Uncertainties—In the normal course of business, we encounter several significant types of economic risk including credit, market, and capital market risks. Credit risk is the risk of the inability or unwillingness of a lessee or customer to make contractually required payments or to fulfill its other contractual obligations. Market risk reflects the risk of a downturn or volatility in the underlying industry segments in which we operate, which could adversely impact the pricing of the services offered by us or a lessee’s or customer’s ability to make payments, increase the risk of unscheduled lease terminations and depress lease rates and the value of our leasing equipment or operating assets. Capital market risk is the risk that we are unable to obtain capital at reasonable rates to fund the growth of our business or to refinance existing debt facilities. We, through our subsidiaries, also conduct operations outside of the United States; such international operations are subject to the same risks as those associated with our United States operations as well as additional risks, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, heightened risk of political and economic instability, potentially adverse tax consequences and the burden of complying with foreign laws. We do not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk as all of our leasing arrangements are denominated in U.S. dollars.

Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Inventory, net—We hold aircraft engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory for trading, repairs and to support operations. Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

Revenues—We disaggregate our revenue by products and services. Revenues are within the scope of ASC 842, Leases, and ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, unless otherwise noted. We have elected to exclude sales and other similar taxes from revenues.

Operating Leases—We lease equipment pursuant to operating leases. Operating leases with fixed rentals and step rentals are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, assuming no renewals. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received.

Generally, under our aircraft lease and engine agreements, the lessee is required to make periodic maintenance payments calculated based on the lessee’s utilization of the leased asset or at the end of the lease. Typically, under our aircraft lease agreements, the lessee is responsible for maintenance, repairs and other operating expenses throughout the term of the lease. These periodic maintenance payments accumulate over the term of the lease to fund major maintenance events, and we are contractually obligated to return maintenance payments to the lessee up to the cost of maintenance events paid by the lessee. In the event the total cost of maintenance events over the term of a lease is less than the cumulative maintenance payments, we are not required to return any unused or excess maintenance payments to the lessee.

Maintenance payments received for which we expect to repay to the lessee are presented as Maintenance deposits. All excess maintenance payments received that we do not expect to repay to the lessee are recorded as Maintenance revenue. Estimates in recognizing revenue include mean time between removal, projected costs for engine maintenance and forecasted utilization of aircraft which are affected by historical usage patterns and overall industry, market and economic conditions. Significant changes to these estimates could have a material effect on the amount of revenue recognized in the period.

For purchase and lease back transactions, we account for the transaction as a single arrangement. We allocate the consideration paid based on the relative fair value of the aircraft and lease and other related assets/liabilities acquired. The fair value of the lease may include a lease premium or discount, which is recorded as a favorable or unfavorable lease intangible.

Finance Leases—From time to time we enter into finance lease arrangements that include a lessee obligation to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term, a bargain purchase option, or provides for minimum lease payments with a present value that equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased equipment at the date of lease inception. Net investment in finance leases represents the minimum lease payments due from lessee, net of unearned income. The lease payments are segregated into principal and interest components similar to a loan. Unearned income is recognized on an effective interest method over the lease term and is recorded as lease income. The principal component of the lease payment is reflected as a reduction to the net investment in finance leases. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received.

Asset sales revenue—Asset sales revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of aircraft and aircraft engines from our Aviation Leasing segment. From time to time, the Company may also assign the related lease agreements to the customer as part of the sale of these assets. We routinely sell leasing equipment to customers and such transactions are considered recurring and ordinary in nature to our business. As such, these sales are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over an asset to a customer. Revenue is recorded with corresponding costs of sales, presented on a gross basis.

Aerospace products revenue—Aerospace products revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of repaired CFM56-7B, CFM56-5B and V2500 engines, engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory, and are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over the related asset to a customer. Revenue is recorded with corresponding costs of sales, presented on a gross basis. Aerospace products revenue also consists of engine management service contracts, where the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide replacement CFM56-7B and CFM56-5B engines to customers as they become unserviceable during the contract term. The Company recognizes revenue over time using a straight-line attribution method and the costs related to fulfilling the performance obligation are expensed as incurred.

Concentration of Credit Risk—We are subject to concentrations of credit risk with respect to amounts due from customers. We attempt to limit our credit risk by performing ongoing credit evaluations. We earned 19% and 13% of our revenue from one customer in the Aerospace Products segment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. We earned 10% and 11% of our revenue from one customer in the Aviation Leasing segment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024, there was one customer in the Aerospace Products segment that represented 11% of total accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2023, no single customer accounted for greater than 10% of total accounts receivable, net.

We maintain cash and restricted cash balances, which generally exceed federally insured limits, and subject us to credit risk, in high credit quality financial institutions. We monitor the financial condition of these institutions and have not experienced any losses associated with these accounts.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses—We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts based on our assessment of the collectability of our receivables on a customer-by-customer basis. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $72.2 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We determine the credit loss reserve for note receivables, receivables related to finance leases and inventory sales. There was $0.1 million provision for credit losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. There was provision for credit losses of $0.6 million and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, which is included in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Comprehensive Income—Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. Our comprehensive income represents net income, as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Other Assets—Other assets is primarily comprised of lease incentives of $57.7 million and $43.5 million, purchase deposits of $46.0 million and $23.9 million, notes receivable of $125.2 million and $102.3 million, operating lease right-of-use assets, net of $3.3 million and $3.4 million, finance leases, net of $1.4 million and $3.0 million, maintenance right assets of $14.0 million and $16.3 million and prepaid expenses of $77.4 million and $7.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Dividends—Dividends are recorded if and when declared by the Board of Directors. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Board of Directors declared cash dividends of $0.30 and $0.60 per ordinary share, respectively.

Additionally, in the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the Board of Directors declared cash dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares, Series B Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares and Series D Preferred Shares of $0.52, $0.50, $0.52 and $0.59 per share, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU modifies the disclosure and presentation requirements of reportable segments. The new guidance requires the disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit and loss. In addition, the new guidance enhances interim disclosure requirements, clarifies circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contains other disclosure requirements. This standard is effective retrospectively for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by expanding the disclosures of an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation and disaggregation of income taxes paid and income tax expense. Under the new guidance, public business entities must annually disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate. This standard is effective prospectively for all public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption and retrospective application permitted. We are currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concept Statements. This ASU amends the Codification to remove references to various concepts statements and impacts a variety of topics in the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. Generally, the amendments in ASU 2024-02 are not intended to result in significant accounting changes for most entities. ASU 2024-02 is effective January 1, 2025 and we are currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. ACQUISITION OF QUICKTURN

On December 1, 2023, we completed the acquisition of the remaining equity interest of Quick Turn Engine Center LLC (“QuickTurn”) from Unical Aviation Inc. (“Unical”) for total cash consideration of $30.3 million to obtain full ownership.

We acquired QuickTurn to better position the Company to have tighter integration over the development and delivery of aerospace products. QuickTurn is a hospital maintenance and testing facility dedicated to the CFM56 engine located in Miami, Florida that operates within our Aerospace Products segment. The results of operations at QuickTurn have been included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning on the acquisition date.

In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The following fair values were assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on management’s estimates and assumptions and are preliminary. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the property, plant, and equipment included replacement cost estimates and market data for similar assets where available. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the customer relationship intangible assets included discount rate and future revenues and operating expenses. The final valuation and related allocation of the purchase price is subject to change as additional information is received and will be completed no later than 12 months after the closing date. The final acquisition accounting adjustments may be materially different and may include (i) changes in fair values of Property, plant and equipment and associated salvage values; (ii) changes in fair values of Inventory; (iii) changes in allocations to Intangible assets, as well as goodwill; and, (iv) other changes to assets and liabilities, including working capital accounts.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the Net assets acquired as presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(1)Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce of QuickTurn and the synergies expected to be achieved. This goodwill is assigned to the Aerospace Products segment and is deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table presents the identifiable intangible assets and their estimated useful lives:

The following table presents the property, plant and equipment and their estimated useful lives:

The financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of FTAI and QuickTurn on a pro forma basis. These pro forma results were based on estimates and assumptions which we believe are reasonable. The pro forma adjustments are primarily comprised of the following:

•The allocation of the purchase price and related adjustments, including adjustments to depreciation and amortization expense related to the fair value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets acquired;

•Associated tax-related impacts of adjustments.

The following pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place as of January 1, 2023.

4. LEASING EQUIPMENT, NET

Leasing equipment, net is summarized as follows:

We identified certain assets in our leasing equipment portfolio with indicators of impairment. As a result, we adjusted the carrying value of these assets to fair value and recognized transactional impairment charges of $0.0 million and $1.0 million, net of redelivery compensation, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. In comparison, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, the Company recognized transactional impairment charges of $0.0 million and $1.2 million, net of redelivery compensation.

Depreciation expense for leasing equipment is summarized as follows:

5. INVESTMENTS

The following table presents the ownership interests and carrying values of our investments:

*45%pro rata distribution of income until return of JV partner's initial investment

We did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents our proportionate share of equity in losses:

Equity Method Investments

Advanced Engine Repair JV

In December 2016, we invested $15 million for a 25% interest in an advanced engine repair joint venture. This joint venture is focused on developing new cost savings programs for engine repairs. We exercise significant influence over this investment and account for this investment as an equity method investment.

In August 2019, we expanded the scope of our joint venture and invested an additional $13.5 million and maintained a 25%interest.

Falcon MSN 177 LLC

In November 2021, we invested $1.6 million for a 50% interest in Falcon MSN 177 LLC, an entity that consists of one Dassault Falcon 2000 aircraft. Falcon MSN 177 LLC leases the aircraft to charter operators on aircraft, crew maintenance, and insurance contracts. We account for our investment in Falcon as an equity method investment as we have significant influence through our interest.

On May 3, 2024, we purchased the remaining interest from S7 Aerospace for total cash consideration of $0.8 million and obtained full ownership of the aircraft with a 100% equity interest. On the acquisition date, the Company accounted for the Falcon investment on a consolidated basis and derecognized it as an equity method investment.

Quick Turn Engine Center LLC

On January 4, 2023, we invested $19.5 million for a 50% interest (45% pro rata distribution of income until return of the JV partner’s initial investment) in Quick Turn Engine Center LLC or “QuickTurn” (previously iAero Thrust LLC), a hospital maintenance and testing facility dedicated to the CFM56 engine. We account for our investment in QuickTurn as an equity method investment as we have significant influence through our interest.

On December 1, 2023, we purchased the remaining interest in QuickTurn from the joint venture partner for total cash consideration of $30.3 million to obtain full ownership with a 100% equity interest. On the acquisition date, the Company accounted for QuickTurn on a consolidated basis and derecognized it as an equity method investment. See Note 3 for additional information.

6. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, NET

Intangible assets and liabilities, net are summarized as follows:

Intangible liabilities relate to unfavorable lease intangibles and are included as a component of Other liabilities.

Amortization of intangible assets and liabilities is recorded as follows:

As of June 30, 2024, estimated net annual amortization of intangibles is as follows:

7. DEBT, NET

Our debt, net is summarized as follows:

(1) Requires a quarterly commitment fee at a rate of 0.50% on the average daily unused portion, as well as customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.

(2) Includes an unamortized discount of $866 at December 31, 2023 and an unamortized premium of $2,908 at December 31, 2023.

(3) Includes an unamortized premium of $1,567 and $1,746 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(4)Includes unamortized discount of $3,116 and $3,296 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Revolving Credit Facility—On May 23, 2024, the Company amended and restated its Revolving Credit Facility by executing a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2022. The Amendment provides for revolving loans to be made available to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of up to $400.0 million, of which up to $25.0 million may be utilized for the issuance of letters of credit.

Senior Notes due 2031—On April 11, 2024, we issued $700.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2031 (the “Senior Notes due 2031”). The Senior Notes due 2031 bear interest at a rate of 7.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing on November 1, 2024. Using a portion of the net proceeds, the Company completed a cash tender offer for $324.6 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes validly tendered on April 11, 2024. Holders whose notes were accepted for purchase received equal consideration per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, April 11, 2024. The Company used the remaining net proceeds to redeem the remaining $325.4 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2025, plus accrued and unpaid interest, and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of$2.7 million. The remaining net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of acquisitions and investments.

Senior Notes due 2032—On June 17, 2024, we issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2032 (the “Senior Notes due 2032”). These notes bear interest at a rate of 7.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing on December 15, 2024. The Company utilized the net proceeds from the issuance for several purposes: (i) to fully repay outstanding amounts under our Revolving Credit Facility provided under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 23, 2024, without reduction in commitments, (ii) to fund the cash termination fee for the previously announced management Internalization described in Note 11, (iii) to complete a cash tender offer for up to $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes validly tendered on June 18, 2024, plus accrued and unpaid interest, and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of$11.2 million. Holders whose notes were accepted for purchase received $30.00 per $1,000 principal amount of 2027 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, June 21, 2024, (iv) to cover fees and expenses related to the aforementioned transactions, and (v) for general corporate purposes.

We were in compliance with all debt covenants as of June 30, 2024.

8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value measurements and disclosures require the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market corroborated inputs.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own assumptions about how market participants price the asset or liability.

The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Market approach—Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

•Income approach—Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts.

•Cost approach—Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).

Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist largely of demand deposit accounts with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased that are considered to be highly liquid. These instruments are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical instruments and are therefore classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Except as discussed below, our financial instruments other than cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist principally of accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, loans payable, security deposits, maintenance deposits and management fees payable, whose fair values approximate their carrying values based on an evaluation of pricing data, vendor quotes, and historical trading activity or due to their short maturity profiles.

The fair values of our bonds payable are presented in the table below and classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy:

The Company has contingent obligations under ASC 460, Guarantees, in connection with certain sales of aircraft on lease, which are measured at fair value. The guarantees are valued at $7.8 million and $6.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are reflected as a component of Other liabilities. The fair values of the guarantees are determined based on the estim ated condition of the engines at the end of each lease term and the estimated cost of replacement and applicable discount rates and are classified as Level 3. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded a $0.8 million and $1.0 million increase related to the change in fair value, which is recorded as Asset sales revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $4.9 million increase in guarantees related to the sale ofseven aircrafts and a $1.9 million decrease related to the change in fair value, which is recorded as Asset sales revenue. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no significant transfers into or out of Level 3.

We measure the fair value of certain assets on a non-recurring basis when U.S. GAAP requires the application of fair value, including events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. Assets subject to these measurements include intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and leasing equipment. We record such assets at fair value when it is determined the carrying value may not be recoverable. Fair value measurements for assets subject to impairment tests are based on an income approach which uses Level 3 inputs, which include our assumptions as to future cash flows from operation of thel easing and eventual sale of assets.

9. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION

We have a Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan (“Incentive Plan”) which provides for the ability to award equity compensation awards in the form of stock options to eligible employees, consultants, directors, and other individuals who provide services to us, each as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

As of June 30, 2024, the Incentive Plan provides for the issuance of up to 29.8 million shares. We account for equity-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensationand is reported within operating expenses and general and administrative.

The Consolidated Statements of Operations includes the following expense related to our stock-based compensation arrangements:

Options

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Former Manager transferred 37,343 of its options to certain of the Former Manager’s employees.

Additionally, the Company granted options to select employees of FTAI Aviation LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company) related to 60,000 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $79.13, which had a grant date fair value of $2.1 million. The assumptions used in valuing the options were: a 4.52% risk-free rate, a 1.50% dividend yield, a 43.00% volatility and a 6.8 year term.

Restricted Shares

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we issued restricted shares of the Company to select employees of FTAI Aviation LLC that had a grant date fair value of $5.7 million and vest over 4.0 years. These awards are subject to continued employment, and the compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting periods, with 50% of the units vesting on June 30, 2027 and the remaining units vesting on June 30, 2028. The fair value of these awards were calculated based on the closing price of FTAI Aviation Ltd.’s ordinary shares on grant date of May 30, 2024.

Additionally, we issued restricted shares of the Company to select officers of FTAI Aviation LLC that had a grant date fair value of $5.5 million and vest over 3.0 years. These awards are subject to continued employment, and the compensation expense is recognized ratably over thethree-year vesting period. The fair value of these awards were calculated based on the closing price of FTAI Aviation Ltd.’s ordinary shares on grant date of May 28, 2024.

10. INCOME TAXES

The current and deferred components of the income tax provision included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

The Company is an exempted entity domiciled in the Cayman Islands where income taxes are not imposed. The Company is considered a Passive Foreign Investment Company for U.S. income tax purposes and certain income taxes are imposed on our owners. Taxable income or loss generated by our corporate subsidiaries is subject to corporate income tax in locations where they conduct business.

Historically, the Company’s Bermuda operations have not been subject to Bermuda income tax. However, on December 27, 2023, the Government of Bermuda enacted a 15 percent corporate income tax regime (the “Bermuda CIT”) that applies to Bermuda businesses that are part of multinational enterprise groups with annual revenue of €750 million or more and is effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. As a result of the Bermuda CIT, the exemption of certain of the Company’s Bermuda subsidiaries from Bermuda corporate income taxes will cease in 2025. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a deferred tax asset of $72.2 million in connection with the Bermuda law change. As of June 30, 2024, we project the Bermuda subsidiaries to generate a net operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2024. As such, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $7.8 million to increase its Bermuda deferred tax asset.

Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal tax rate of 21% primarily due to a significant portion of our income not being subject to U.S. corporate tax rates, or being deemed to be foreign sourced and thus either not taxable or taxable at effectively lower tax rates.

As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024, we had not established a liability for uncertain tax positions as no such positions existed. In general, our tax returns and the tax returns of our corporate subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities. Generally, we are not subject to examination by taxing authorities for tax years prior to 2020. We do not believe that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within 12 months of the reporting date.

11. AFFILIATE TRANSACTIONS

On May 28, 2024, the Company entered into definitive agreements with the Former Manager and Master GP to internalize the Company’s management function. As part of the termination of the Management Agreement, the Company (i) paid the Former Manager (for itself and on behalf of the Master GP, as applicable) the Cash Consideration, the compensation accrued and payable, but not yet paid, under the Management Agreement and the expenses that were reimbursable, but not yet reimbursed, under the Management Agreement; (ii) issued to the Former Manager (for itself and on behalf of the Master GP, as applicable) the Share Consideration; and (iii) purchased from Master GP all of its partnership interests in FTAI Aviation Holdco Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, in exchange for $30. Following the Internalization, the Company no longer pays management fees or incentive distributions to the Former Manager and Master GP.

In connection with the termination of the Management Agreement, the Company also entered into a Transition Services Agreement with the Former Manager. Under the Transition Services Agreement, the Former Manager is required to continue to provide the Company and its affiliates with all of the Services for a transition period during which the Company will procure replacements for the Services. The Services will be provided to the Company for a fee equal to the Former Manager’s cost of providing the Services, plus a mark-up of ten percent (10%). Unless the Transition Services Agreement is terminated earlier or the Company elects to terminate a Service by providing written notice to the Former Manager, the Former Manager is required to provide certain Services to the Company until October 31, 2024. In addition, the Former Manager is required to continue to provide the services that are reasonably required by the Company to prepare its quarterly and annual financial statements until May 31, 2025. The Transition Services Agreement may be terminated earlier (x) by mutual agreement of the parties, (y) by either the Former Manager or the Company in the event of a material breach by the non-terminating party that is not cured within thirty (30) days following written notification thereof, or (z) by the Former Manager if the Company fails to pay any undisputed sum overdue and payable for a period of at least thirty (30) days. The Company incurred $3.4 million in costs for Transition Services during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and these costs are reported in Acquisition and transaction expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Prior to the Internalization, the Former Manager was paid annual fees in exchange for advising us on various aspects of our business, formulating our investment strategies, arranging for the acquisition and disposition of assets, arranging for financing, monitoring performance, and managing our day-to-day operations, inclusive of all costs incidental thereto. In addition, the Former Manager was reimbursed for various expenses incurred by the Former Manager on our behalf, including the costs of legal, accounting and other administrative activities. Additionally, we entered into certain incentive allocation arrangements with Master GP, which owned approximately 0.01% of FTAI Aviation Holdco Ltd. (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company).

The Former Manager was entitled to a management fee and reimbursement of certain expenses. The management fee was determined by taking the average value of total equity (excluding non-controlling interests) determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP at the end of the two most recently completed months multiplied by an annual rate of 1.50%, and is payable monthly in arrears in cash.

Prior to the Internalization and the termination of the Management Agreement on May 28, 2024, Master GP, was entitled to incentive allocations (comprised of income incentive allocation and capital gains incentive allocation, defined below). The income incentive allocation was calculated and distributable quarterly in arrears based on the pre-incentive allocation net income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter (the “Income Incentive Allocation”). For this purpose, pre-incentive allocation net income means, with respect to a calendar quarter, net income attributable to shareholders during such quarter calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP excluding our pro rata share of (1) realized or unrealized gains and losses, and (2) certain non-cash or one-time items, and (3) any other adjustments as may be approved by our independent directors. Pre-incentive allocation net income did not include any Income Incentive Allocation or Capital Gains Incentive Allocation (described below) paid to Master GP during the relevant quarter.

Prior to the Internalization, one of our subsidiaries allocated and distributed to Master GP an Income Incentive Allocation with respect to its pre-incentive allocation net income in each calendar quarter as follows: (1)no Income Incentive Allocation in any calendar quarter in which pre-incentive allocation net income, expressed as a rate of return on the average value of our net equity capital (excluding non-controlling interests) at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters, does not exceed 2% for such quarter (8% annualized); (2)100% of pre-incentive allocation net income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive allocation net income, if any, that is equal to or exceeds 2% but does not exceed 2.2223% for such quarter; and (3)10% of the amount of pre-incentive allocation net income, if any, that exceeds 2.2223% for such quarter. These calculations were prorated for any period of less than three months.

Prior to the Internalization, Capital Gains Incentive Allocation was calculated and distributable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year and was equal to 10% of our pro rata share of cumulative realized gains from the date of the IPO through the end of the applicable calendar year, net of our pro rata share of cumulative realized or unrealized losses, the cumulative non-cash portion of equity-based compensation expenses and all realized gains upon which prior performance-based Capital Gains Incentive Allocation payments were made to Master GP.

The following table summarizes the management fees, income incentive allocation and capital gains incentive allocation prior to the Internalization on May 28, 2024:

We pay all of our operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by the Former Manager under the Management Agreement. The expenses required to be paid by us include, but are not limited to, issuance and transaction costs incident to the acquisition, disposition and financing of our assets, legal and auditing fees and expenses, the compensation and expenses of our independent directors, the costs associated with the establishment and maintenance of any credit facilities and other indebtedness of ours (including commitment fees, legal fees, closing costs, etc.), expenses associated with other securities offerings of ours, costs and expenses incurred in contracting with third parties (including affiliates of the Former Manager), the costs of printing and mailing proxies and reports to our shareholders, costs incurred by the Former Manager or its affiliates for travel on our behalf, costs associated with any computer software or hardware that is used by us, costs to obtain liability insurance to indemnify our directors and officers and the compensation and expenses of our transfer agent.

We paid or reimbursed the Former Manager and its affiliates for performing certain legal, accounting, due diligence tasks and other services that outside professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform, provided that such costs and reimbursements are no greater than those which would be paid to outside professionals or consultants. The Former Manager was responsible for all of its other costs incident to the performance of its duties under the Management Agreement, including compensation of the Former Manager’s employees, rent for facilities and other “overhead” expenses; we did not reimburse the Former Manager for these expenses.

The following table summarizes our reimbursements to the Former Manager:

Upon the successful completion of an offering of our ordinary shares or other equity securities (including securities issued as consideration in an acquisition), we granted the Former Manager options to purchase ordinary shares in an amount equal to 10% of the number of ordinary shares being sold in the offering (or if the issuance relates to equity securities other than our ordinary shares, options to purchase a number of ordinary shares equal to 10% of the gross capital raised in the equity issuance divided by the fair market value of a ordinary share as of the date of issuance), with an exercise price equal to the offering price per share paid by the public or other ultimate purchaser or attributed to such securities in connection with an acquisition (or the fair market value of a ordinary share as of the date of the equity issuance if it relates to equity securities other than our ordinary shares). Any ultimate purchaser of ordinary shares for which such options are granted may have been an affiliate of the Former Manager.

The following table summarizes amounts due to the Former Manager, which are included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there wereno receivables from the Former Manager.

12. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The key factors used to identify the reportable segments are the organization and alignment of our internal operations and the nature of our products and services. Ourtwo reportable segments are (i) Aviation Leasing and (ii) Aerospace Products. The Aviation Leasing segment owns and manages aviation assets, including aircraft and aircraft engines, which it leases and sells to customers. The Aerospace Products segment develops and manufactures through a joint venture, and repairs and sells, through our maintenance facility and exclusivity arrangements, aftermarket components for aircraft engines. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company changed the composition of its operating segments to include V2500 engines within the Aerospace Products segment. Prior periods have been restated to reflect the change in accordance with the requirements ASC 280, Segment Reporting. See Note 2 for additional information.

Corporate and Other primarily consists of debt, unallocated corporate general and administrative expenses, shared services costs, internalization fee and management fees and incentive compensation pursuant to the Management Agreement prior to the Internalization effective May 28, 2024. Additionally, Corporate and Other also includes offshore energy related assets, which consist of vessels and equipment that support offshore oil and gas activities and production which are typically subject to operating leases.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies; however, financial information presented by segment includes the impact of intercompany eliminations. Our Chief Executive Officer is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). Segment information is presented in the same manner that our CODM reviews the operating results in assessing performance and allocating resources. The CODM evaluates performance for each reportable segment primarily based on Adjusted EBITDA. Historically, the CODM’s assessment of segment performance included asset information. The CODM determined that segment asset information is not a key factor in measuring performance or allocating resources. Therefore, segment asset information is not included in the tables below as it is not provided to or reviewed by our CODM.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) attributable to shareholders, adjusted (a) to exclude the impact of provision for (benefit from) income taxes, equity-based compensation expense, acquisition and transaction expenses, losses on the modification or extinguishment of debt and capital lease obligations, changes in fair value of non-hedge derivative instruments, asset impairment charges, incentive allocations, depreciation and amortization expense, dividends on preferred shares and interest expense, internalization fee to affiliate, (b) to include the impact of our pro-rata share of Adjusted EBITDA from unconsolidated entities, and (c) to exclude the impact of equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities and the non-controlling share of Adjusted EBITDA.

We believe that net income (loss) attributable to shareholders, as defined by U.S. GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measurement with which to reconcile Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) attributable to shareholders as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following tables set forth certain information for each reportable segment:

I. For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income attributable to shareholders:

II. For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income attributable to shareholders:

Presented below are the contracted minimum future annual revenues to be received under existing operating leases as of June 30, 2024:

III. For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss attributable to shareholders:

III. For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss attributable to shareholders:

V. Location of Long-Lived Assets

The following tables sets forth the geographic location of property, plant and equipment and leasing equipment, net:

13. EARNINGS PER SHARE AND EQUITY

Basic earnings per ordinary share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, plus any participating securities. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, plus any participating securities and potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities are calculated using the treasury stock method.

The calculation of basic and diluted EPS is presented below:

For both the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, zero shares and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023,0 and 1,245 shares, respectively, have been excluded from the calculation of Diluted EPS because the impact would be anti-dilutive.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we issued 4,370 and 18,457 ordinary shares to certain directors as compensation.

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries may be involved in various claims, legal proceedings, or may enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. Within our offshore energy business, a lessee did not fulfill its obligation under its charter arrangement, therefore we are pursuing rights afforded to us under the charter and the range of potential losses against the obligation is $0.0 million to $3.3 million. Our maximum exposure under other arrangements is unknown as no additional claims have been made. We believe the risk of loss in connection with such arrangements is remote.

The Company has contingent obligations under ASC 460, Guarantees, in connection with certain sales of aircraft on lease. Under the agreements, we provide certain guarantees at the end of the lease term for the condition of the aircraft engines that were sold to the buyer. The guarantees are valued at $7.8 million and $6.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are reflected as a component of Other liabilities.

Given variability in the condition of the engines at the end of the lease terms, which range from 4 to 9 years, the maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments that could be required under the guarantees at June 30, 2024 was $37.2 million, which is not reasonably expected.

Internalization—During the second quarter of 2024, the Company entered into the Internalization Agreement with the Former Manager and Master GP. Pursuant to the Internalization Agreement, the Management Agreement was terminated effective May 28, 2024, except that certain indemnification and other obligations survive, and the Company was no longer required to pay management fees or incentive distributions with respect to any period thereafter. As a result of the Internalization, the Company ceased to be externally managed and operates as an internally managed company. In connection with the termination of the Management Agreement, the Company (i) agreed to pay the Former Manager (for itself and on behalf of the Master GP, as applicable) the Cash Consideration, the compensation accrued and payable, but not yet paid, under the Management Agreement and the expenses that were reimbursable, but not yet reimbursed, under the Management Agreement; (ii) issued to the Former Manager (for itself and on behalf of the Master GP, as applicable) the Share Consideration; and (iii) purchased from Master GP all of its partnership interests in FTAI Aviation Holdco Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, in exchange for $30.

Letter Agreements—Prior to May 28, 2024, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer were provided by its Former Manager under the terms of the Management Agreement. In addition, the Company relied on employees of its Former Manager and affiliates to conduct the Company’s operations. Since May 28, 2024, the Company entered into letter agreements with the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and is hiring certain employees of the Former Manager that serve in key roles at the Company, including, but not limited to, those who support the Company’s investment, legal, accounting, tax and treasury operations.

15. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

In connection with the Internalization and termination of the Management Agreement, the Company agreed to pay a total of $300.0 million to its Former Manager (for itself and on behalf of the Master GP, as applicable). At closing, the Company issued 1,866,949 ordinary shares valued at $150.0 million. The remaining balance was paid in cash on June 17, 2024. The restructuring charge paid in connection with the Internalization and termination of the Management Agreement is reflected in Internalization Fee to Affiliate expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. See Note 11 for additional discussion. There wereno restructuring charges recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Dividends

On July 23, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our ordinary shares and eligible participating securities of $0.30 per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, payable on August 20, 2024 to the holders of record on August 12, 2024.

Additionally, on July 23, 2024, our Board of Directors also declared cash dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares, Series B Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares and Series D Preferred Shares of $0.52, $0.50, $0.52 and $0.59 per share, respectively, payable on September 16, 2024 to the holders of record on September 6, 2024.