Blue Bird Corp

1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

Blue Bird Body Company ("BBBC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blue Bird Corporation, was incorporated in 1958 and has manufactured, assembled and sold school buses to a variety of municipal, federal and commercial customers since 1927. The majority of BBBC’s sales are made to an independent dealer network, which in turn sells buses to ultimate end users. References in these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements to “Blue Bird,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” relate to Blue Bird Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context specifically indicates otherwise. We are headquartered in Macon, Georgia.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30 with its quarters consisting of thirteen weeks in most years. The fiscal years ending September 27, 2025 ("fiscal 2025") and ended September 28, 2024 ("fiscal 2024") consist or consisted of 52 weeks. The third quarters of fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024 both included 13 weeks. The nine month periods in fiscal 2025 and 2024 both included 39 weeks.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial results have been made. Such adjustments consist of only those of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of September 28, 2024 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. For additional information, including the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes as of and for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2024 as set forth in the Company's fiscal 2024 Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on November 25, 2024.

Impacts of Supply Chain Constraints on Our Business

The global automotive industry supply chain constraints that arose subsequent to the novel coronavirus pandemic known as "COVID-19" and that were further exacerbated by additional stress resulting from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 continued to impact our business and operations during the third quarters of fiscal 2024 and 2025. Specifically, they continued to result in higher purchasing costs, including freight costs incurred to deliver critical components, to procure the raw materials inventory needed to produce buses to fulfill sales orders. Additionally, there were still occasional shortages of certain critical components that limited the number and/or mix of school buses that we could produce and sell. Nonetheless, ongoing improvements in manufacturing operations that have resulted in the consistent production of buses, when coupled with periodic pricing actions taken to ensure that the increased sales prices charged for buses keep pace with increased costs to procure inventory to produce buses, have resulted in the Company reporting gross profit and gross margin in the third quarters of fiscal 2025 and 2024 that exceeded those reported in pre-pandemic fiscal years.

Significant uncertainty still exists concerning the magnitude and duration of the ongoing supply chain constraints and accordingly, precludes any prediction as to the ultimate severity of the adverse impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. At the date of the financial statements, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and during the reporting period, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. For example, significant management judgments are required in determining excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory; the allowance for doubtful accounts; potential impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets; and the accounting for self-insurance reserves, warranty reserves, pension obligations, income taxes, environmental liabilities and contingencies. Future events, including the extent and duration of continued supply chain constraints and their related economic impacts, and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, and, accordingly, the Company’s accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. The Company evaluates and updates its assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in the Company’s evaluations. Actual results could differ from the estimates that the Company has used.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s fiscal 2024 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on November 25, 2024. Our senior management has reviewed these significant accounting policies and related disclosures and determined that there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies in the nine months ended June 28, 2025.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

ASU 2023-07 On November 27, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public business entities ("PBEs") to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted.

ASU 2023-09 On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires entities to disclose more detailed information in their reconciliation of their statutory tax rate to their effective tax rate. PBEs are required to provide this incremental detail in a numerical, tabular format. The ASU also requires entities to disclose more detailed information about income taxes paid, including by jurisdiction; pretax income (or loss) from continuing operations; and income tax expense (or benefit). The ASU is effective for PBEs in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted.

ASUs 2024-03 & 2025-01 On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires PBEs to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. On January 6, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03, which is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027.

The new ASUs will not impact amounts recorded in the financial statements but instead, will require more detailed disclosures in the footnotes to the financial statements. The Company plans to provide the updated disclosures required by the ASUs in the periods in which they are effective.

3. Supplemental Financial Information

Inventories

The following table presents the components of inventories at the dates indicated:

Product Warranties

The following table reflects activity in accrued warranty cost (current and long-term portions combined) for the periods presented:

Extended Warranties

The following table reflects activity in deferred warranty income (current and long-term portions combined), for the sale of extended warranties oftwo tofive years, for the periods presented:

The outstanding balance of deferred warranty income in the table above is considered a "contract liability," and represents a performance obligation of the Company that we satisfy over the term of the arrangement but for which we have been paid in full at the time the warranty was sold. We expect to recognize $2.7 million of the outstanding contract liability during the remainder of fiscal 2025, $10.3 million in fiscal 2026, and the remaining balance thereafter.

Self-Insurance

The following table reflects our total accrued self-insurance liability, comprised of workers' compensation and health insurance related claims, at the dates indicated:

The current and long-term portions of the accrued self-insurance liability are reflected in accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Shipping and Handling Revenues

Shipping and handling revenues were $6.9 million and $5.9 million for the three months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively, and $17.2 million and $15.6 million for the nine months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively. The related cost of goods sold was $6.1 million and $5.5 million for the three months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively, and $15.4 million and $14.2 million for the nine months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively.

Pension (Income) Expense

Components of net periodic pension benefit (income) expense were as follows for the periods presented:

4. Debt

Term loan borrowings consisted of the following at the dates indicated:

Term loan borrowings are recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at the unpaid principal balance, and are not subject to fair value measurement; however, given the variable rates on the loans, the Company estimates that the unpaid principal balance approximates fair value. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, the term loans would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. At June 28, 2025 and September 28, 2024, $92.5 million and $96.3 million, respectively, were outstanding on the term loans.

At June 28, 2025 and September 28, 2024, the stated interest rates on the term loans were 6.1% and 6.9%, respectively. At June 28, 2025 and September 28, 2024, the weighted-average annual effective interest rates for the term loans were 6.6% and 8.2%, respectively, which include amortization of the deferred financing costs.

At June 28, 2025, $8.3 million of letters of credit were outstanding, which reduces the availability on the revolving line of credit. There wereno borrowings outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility; therefore, the Company would have been able to borrow $141.7 million on the revolving line of credit.

Interest expense on all indebtedness was $1.7 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively, and $5.5 million and $8.6 million for the nine months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively.

The schedule of remaining principal payments through maturity for the term loans is as follows:

5. Income Taxes

Income tax provisions for interim periods are based on estimated annual income tax rates, adjusted to reflect the effects of any significant infrequent or unusual items that are required to be discretely recognized within the current interim period. The effective tax rates in the periods presented are largely based upon the annual forecasted pre-tax earnings mix and allocation of certain expenses in various taxing jurisdictions where the Company conducts its business, primarily in the United States of America ("U.S."). In periods where our pre-tax income approximates or is equal to break-even, the effective tax rates for quarter-to-date and full-year periods may not be meaningful due to discrete period items.

Three Months

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 28, 2025 was 25.1% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21%. The increase was primarily due to the impacts from state taxes and certain permanent items on the federal rate, which were partially offset by the impacts from federal and state tax credits (net of valuation allowances) and discrete period items during the quarter.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 29, 2024 was 27.7% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21%. The increase was primarily due to the impacts from state taxes and certain permanent items on the federal rate, which were partially offset by the impacts from federal and state tax credits (net of valuation allowances) and discrete period items during the quarter.

Nine Months

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 28, 2025 was 25.5% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21%. The increase was primarily due to the impacts from state taxes and certain permanent items on the federal rate, which were partially offset by the impacts from federal and state tax credits (net of valuation allowances) and discrete period items during the period.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 29, 2024 was 26.4% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21%. The increase was primarily due to the impacts from state taxes and certain permanent items on the federal rate, which were partially offset by the impacts from federal and state tax credits (net of valuation allowances) and discrete period items during the period.

6. Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

At June 28, 2025, the Company had a number of product liability and other cases pending. Management believes that, considering the Company’s insurance coverage and its intention to vigorously defend its positions, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Environmental

The Company is subject to a variety of environmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous materials used in its manufacturing processes. Failure by the Company to comply with present and future regulations could subject it to future liabilities. In addition, such regulations could require the Company to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations. The Company is currently not involved in any material environmental proceedings and therefore, management believes that the resolution of pending environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

7. Segment Information

We manage our business intwo operating segments: (i) the Bus segment, which includes the manufacturing and assembly of buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the U.S., Canada and in certain limited international markets; and (ii) the Parts segment, which consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network and certain large fleet customers. Management evaluates the segments based primarily upon revenues and gross profit, which are reflected in the tables below for the periods presented:

(1) Parts segment revenue includes $1.6 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively, and $5.4 million and $6.9 million for the nine months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively, related to inter-segment sales of parts that was eliminated by the Bus segment upon consolidation.

The following table is a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income before income taxes for the periods presented:

Sales are attributable to geographic areas based on customer location and were as follows for the periods presented:

8. Revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue by product category for the periods presented:

(1) Includes buses sold with any power source other than diesel (e.g., gasoline, propane, compressed natural gas ("CNG") or electric).

(2) Includes shipping and handling revenue, extended warranty income, surcharges and chassis and bus shell sales.

9. Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the earnings per share computation for the periods presented:

(1) There wereno potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the each of three months and nine months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively, because their effect was antidilutive.

10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table provides information on changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") for the periods presented:

11. Stockholder Transaction Costs

On December 14, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with BofA Securities, Inc. and Barclays Capital Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters and American Securities LLC ("Selling Stockholder"), pursuant to which Selling Stockholder agreed to sell 2,500,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $25.10 per share (“December Offering”).

On February 15, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Barclays Capital Inc., as representative of the several underwriters and Selling Stockholder, pursuant to which Selling Stockholder agreed to sell 4,042,650 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $32.90 per share (“February Offering,” and collectively with the December Offering,“Offerings”).

The Offerings were conducted pursuant to prospectus supplements, dated December 14, 2023 and February 15, 2024, respectively, both to the prospectus dated December 22, 2021 included in the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261858) that was initially filed with the SEC on December 23, 2021.

The December Offering closed on December 19, 2023 and the February Offering closed on February 21, 2024. Although the Company did not sell any shares or receive any proceeds from the Offerings, it was required to pay certain expenses in connection with the Offerings that totaled approximately $3.2 million for the nine months ended June 29, 2024. The $3.2 million of expense is included within other (expense) income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended June 29, 2024. No such expense was incurred in the nine months ended June 28, 2025.

12. Equity Investment in Affiliates

The Company has made investments in the below entities and utilizes the equity method of accounting to record its interest in them as it does not have control to direct the activities that most significantly impact their financial performance based on the shared powers of the venture partners. The carrying amount of the equity method investments is adjusted for any contribution that the Company makes to them as well as for the Company’s proportionate share of net earnings or losses and any dividends received.

Micro Bird Holdings, Inc.

The Company holds a 50% equity interest in Micro Bird Holdings, Inc. ("Micro Bird"), our unconsolidated Canadian joint venture that produces Blue Bird Micro Bird by Girardin Type A buses in Drummondville, Quebec.

In recognizing the Company’s 50% portion of Micro Bird's net income or loss, the Company recorded equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations totaling approximately zero and $2.8 million for the three months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively, and $4.1 million and $6.7 million for the nine months ended June 28, 2025 and June 29, 2024, respectively.

In December 2023, Micro Bird paid dividends to all common stockholders, with the Company's proportionate share totaling $3.0 million, gross of required withholding taxes. The dividend was recorded as a reduction in the balance of equity investment in affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is presented as a cash inflow in the operating section of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. No dividends were paid in the nine months ended June 28, 2025.

At June 28, 2025 and September 28, 2024, the carrying value of the Company's investment in Micro Bird included within equity investment in affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $28.5 million and $24.4 million, respectively.

Clean Bus Solutions, LLC

The Company holds a 50% equity interest in Clean Bus Solutions, LLC ("CBS"), our unconsolidated joint venture that provides a fleet-as-a-service ("FaaS") offering using electric school buses manufactured and sold by the Company. The service is offered to qualified customers of the Company byproviding them with turnkey electrification solutions, including a wide product range consisting of, among others, electric school buses, financing of electric buses and supporting charging infrastructure, project planning and management, and fleet optimization.

During the three and nine months ended June 28, 2025, the Company made $0.4 million and $0.9 million of cash contributions to CBS, respectively, and during the nine months ended June 29, 2024, the Company recorded the $7.4 million fair value of warrants it issued to the joint venture partner as its initial investment in CBS, both of which increased the balance of equity investment in affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In recognizing the Company’s 50% portion of CBS' net income or loss, the Company recorded $(0.4) million and $(1.1) million in equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2025, respectively, whileno amount was recorded in the nine months ended June 29, 2024. CBS paidno dividends in any period.

At June 28, 2025 and September 28, 2024, the carrying value of the Company's investment in CBS included within equity investment in affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $7.4 million and $7.7 million, respectively.

13. Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchase Program and Common Stock Retirement

On January 31, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized and approved a share repurchase program for up to $60 million of outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock over a period of 24 months, expiring January 31, 2026. Under the share repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase transactions, block purchases or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

During the three and nine months ended June 28, 2025, the Company repurchased 245,249 and 1,048,051 shares of its common stock, respectively, for $8.9 million and $39.0 million, respectively, pursuant to the share repurchase plan. The Company constructively retired these shares immediately after repurchase, with the $8.9 million and $39.0 million amount paid in excess of the $0.0001 par value of each share recorded as a reduction in retained earnings. No such repurchases were made during the nine months ended June 29, 2024. The total remaining authorization for future common stock repurchases under the Company's share repurchase program was $11.1 million as of June 28, 2025.

14. Subsequent Events

On July 4, 2025, Public Law No. 119-21, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("Act"), was signed into law. The Act includes comprehensive legislation addressing budget and spending matters that is intended, among others, to reduce taxes; reduce or increase spending, as applicable, for certain federal programs; increase the statutory debt limit and otherwise address certain agencies and programs throughout the federal government.

The Act permanently extends, with modifications, certain tax provisions that were enacted as part of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act ("TCJA") that became effective on January 1, 2018, but that were set to change or expire at the end of 2025. The Act also features certain modified and new tax relief measures for businesses. Additionally, it includes various revenue-raising measures, including changes to certain Inflation Reduction Act ("IRA") clean energy tax credits and various limits on business tax deductions, that are intended to offset part of the cost of the new legislation.

The provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), require that the effects of changes in tax laws and rates be recognized in the period in which the new legislation is enacted, which represents the date that it is signed into law. Since the enactment date of the Act occurred subsequent to the June 28, 2025 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet date, the Company is required to recognize the impact of the Act on its accounting for income taxes in its fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. Given the recent enactment date, when coupled with the comprehensive nature of the Act and the fact that the Treasury Department will be developing additional interpretive guidance to consider and apply to comply with certain provisions included within the Act, the Company is evaluating the potential impact on its accounting for income taxes. Accordingly, the Company is currently unable to provide an estimate of the potential impact of the Act on its fiscal 2025 consolidated financial statements.