TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2024

Note 1. Organization

TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. (the “Company”), a Maryland corporation, was formed on June 28, 2013 and commenced investment operations on March 5, 2014. The Company is structured as an externally-managed, closed-end investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Company has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify annually, as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

The Company was formed to expand the venture growth stage business segment of TriplePoint Capital LLC’s (“TPC”) investment platform. TPC is widely recognized as a leading global financing provider devoted to serving venture capital-backed companies with creative, flexible and customized debt financing, equity capital and complementary services throughout their lifespans. The Company’s investment objective is to maximize its total return to stockholders primarily in the form of current income and, to a lesser extent, capital appreciation by lending, typically with warrants, primarily to venture growth stage companies focused in technology and other high growth industries backed by TPC’s select group of leading venture capital investors. The Company is externally managed by TriplePoint Advisers LLC (the “Adviser”), which is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of TPC. The Adviser is responsible for sourcing, reviewing and structuring investment opportunities, underwriting and performing due diligence on investments and monitoring the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis. The Adviser was organized in August 2013 and, pursuant to an investment advisory agreement entered into between the Company and the Adviser, the Company pays the Adviser a base management fee and an incentive fee for its investment management services. The Company has also entered into an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with TriplePoint Administrator LLC (the “Administrator”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Adviser, pursuant to which the Administrator provides or arranges for the provision of all administrative services necessary for the Company to operate.

The Company hastwo wholly owned subsidiaries: TPVG Variable Funding Company LLC (the “Financing Subsidiary”), a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity established for utilizing the Company’s revolving credit facility, whose creditors have a claim on its assets prior to those assets becoming available to the Financing Subsidiary’s equity holder, and TPVG Investment LLC, an entity established for holding certain of the Company’s investments without negatively impacting the Company’s RIC tax status. These subsidiaries are consolidated in the financial statements of the Company.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All adjustments and reclassifications that are necessary for the fair representation of financial results as of and for the periods presented have been included and all intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain items in the prior year’s consolidated financial statements have been conformed to the current year’s presentation. These presentation changes, if any, did not impact any prior amounts of reported total assets, total liabilities, and net assets or results of operations. As an investment company, the Company follows accounting and reporting guidance as set forth in Topic 946 (“Financial Services - Investment Companies”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification, as amended (“ASC”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets, creditworthiness of portfolio companies and any other parameters used in determining these estimates could cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Investments

Investment transactions are recorded on a trade-date basis. The Company’s investments are carried at fair value in accordance with the 1940 Act and ASC Topic 946 and measured in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure, or “ASC Topic 820,” issued by the FASB. ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of the market participants who hold the financial instrument rather than an entity-specific measure. When market assumptions are not readily available, the Company’s own assumptions are set to reflect those that the Adviser believes market participants would use in pricing the financial instruments on the measurement date.

The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial instrument and is affected by a variety of factors. To the extent the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable the determination of fair value requires more judgment. The Company’s valuation methodology is approved by the Board and the Board is responsible for the fair values determined. As markets change, new types of investments are made, or pricing for certain investments becomes more or less observable, management, with oversight from the Board, may refine the valuation methodologies to best reflect the fair value of its investments appropriately.

Investment Classification

The accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Company classifies investments by level of control. As defined in the 1940 Act, “Control Investments” are investments in those companies that the Company is deemed to “Control.” “Affiliate Investments” are investments in those companies that are “Affiliated Persons” of the Company, as defined in the 1940 Act, other than Control Investments. “Non-Control / Non-Affiliate Investments” are those that are neither Control Investments nor Affiliate Investments. Generally, under the 1940 Act, the Company is deemed to control a company in which it has invested if the Company owns more than 25.0% of the voting securities (i.e., securities with the right to elect directors) and/or has the power to exercise control over the management or policies of such portfolio company. Generally, under the 1940 Act, “Affiliate Investments” that are not otherwise “Control Investments” are defined as investments in which the Company owns at least 5.0%, up to 25.0% (inclusive), of the voting securities and does not have the power to exercise control over the management or policies of such portfolio company. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no “Control Investments” or “Affiliate Investments.”

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and money market funds with maturities of or the ability to redeem or liquidate holdings within 90 days or less. The Company places its cash with financial institutions and at times, cash held in such accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limit. Money market funds held as cash equivalents are valued at their most recently traded net asset value and are considered Level 1 under the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy. The Company may invest a portion of its cash in money market funds, within the limitations of the 1940 Act.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of collections of interest and principal payments on investments maintained in segregated trust accounts for the benefit of the lenders and administrative agent of the Company’s revolving credit facility.

Deferred Credit Facility Costs

Deferred credit facility costs represent fees and other expenses incurred in connection with the Company’s revolving credit facility. These amounts are amortized over the estimated term of the facility and included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

Other accrued expenses and liabilities include interest payable, accounts payable and the fair value of unfunded commitment liabilities. Unfunded commitment liabilities reflect the fact that the Company is a party to certain delay draw credit agreements with its portfolio companies, which generally requires the Company to make future advances at the borrowers’ discretion during a defined loan availability period. The Company’s credit agreements contain customary lending provisions that allow the Company relief from funding previously made commitments in instances where the underlying portfolio company experiences material adverse events that affect the financial condition or business outlook for the portfolio company. In certain instances, the borrower may be required to achieve certain milestones before they may request a future advance. The unfunded obligation associated with these credit agreements is equal to the amount by which the contractual funding commitment exceeds the sum of the amount of debt required to be funded under the delay draw credit agreements unless the availability period has expired. The fair value at the inception of the agreement of the delay draw credit agreements approximates the fair value of the warrant investments received to enter into these agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit profile. The unfunded commitment liability included in the Company’s consolidated statements of assets and liabilities reflects the fair value of these future funding commitments.

Paid-in Capital

The Company records the proceeds from the sale of its common stock on a net basis to capital stock and paid-in capital in excess of par value, excluding all offering costs.

Income Recognition

Interest income, adjusted for amortization of market premium and accretion of market discount, is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that the Company expects to collect such amounts. Original issue discount, principally representing the estimated fair value of detachable equity or warrant investments obtained in conjunction with the Company’s debt investments, and market discount or premium are capitalized and accreted or amortized into interest income over the life of the respective security using the effective interest method. Original issue discount may also include a cash success fee due upon the earlier of the maturity date of the loans or in the event of a certain milestone reached by the portfolio company. Loan origination fees received in connection with the closing of investments are reported as unearned income which is included as amortized cost of the investment; the unearned income from such fees is accreted over the contractual life of the loan based on the effective interest method as interest income. Upon prepayment of a loan or debt security, unamortized loan origination fees and unamortized market discounts are recorded as interest income. EOT payments are contractual and fixed interest payments due in cash at the maturity date of the loan, including upon prepayment, and are generally a fixed percentage of the original principal balance of the loan. Interest is accrued during the life of the loan on the EOT payment using the effective interest method as non-cash income. The EOT payment generally ceases accruing to the extent the borrower is unable to pay the remaining principal and interest due. The EOT payment may also include a cash success fee due upon the earlier of the maturity date of the loans or in the event of a certain milestone reached by the portfolio company.

For debt investments with contractual payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest, which represents contractual interest accrued and added to the principal balance that generally becomes due at maturity, the Company does not accrue PIK interest if it is deemed uncollectible.

Other income includes certain fees paid by portfolio companies (for example, extension fees, revolver loan facility fees, prepayment fees) and the recognition of the value of unfunded commitments that expired during the reporting period.

Non-accrual Loans

A loan may be left on accrual status during the period the Company is pursuing repayment of the loan. The Company reviews all loans that become 90 days or more past due on principal and interest, or when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected, for possible placement on non-accrual status. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. Additionally, any original issue discount and market discount are no longer accreted to interest income as of the date the loan is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon the Company’s judgment. Non-accrual loans are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and, in the Company’s judgment, payments are probable to remain current. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had investments infour portfolio companies on non-accrual, with a total cost and fair value of $38.1 million and $20.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an investment infive portfolio companies on non-accrual, with a total cost and fair value of $41.7 million and $29.0 million, respectively.

Realized/Unrealized Gains or Losses

The Company measures realized gains or losses from the repayment or sale of investments using the specific identification method. The amortized cost basis of investments represents the original cost adjusted for the accretion/amortization of discounts and premiums and upfront loan origination fees. The Company reports changes in fair value of investments that are measured at fair value as a component of net change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments in the consolidated statements of operations.

Management and Incentive Fees

The Company accrues for the base management fee and incentive fee payable pursuant to the Advisory Agreement (as defined below). The accrual for the incentive fee includes the recognition of incentive fees on unrealized gains, even though such incentive fees are neither earned nor payable to the Adviser until the gains are both realized and in excess of realized and unrealized losses on investments. See “Note 3. Related Party Agreements and Transactions.”

U.S. Federal Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M the Code, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Generally, a RIC is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes on the income and gains it distributes to stockholders if it distributes at least 90% of its net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of its net long-term capital losses, if any. Additionally, a RIC must distribute at least 98% of its ordinary income and 98.2% of its capital gain net income on an annual basis and any net ordinary income and net capital gains for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which the RIC previously paid no U.S. federal income tax to avoid a U.S. federal excise tax. The Company intends to distribute sufficient dividends to maintain the Company’s RIC status each year and does not anticipate paying any material U.S. federal income taxes in the future.

Dividends and Distributions

Dividends to common stockholders are recorded on the record date. The Board determines the amount of dividends to be paid based on a variety of factors including estimates of future earnings. Net realized capital gains, if any, are intended to be distributed at least annually. The Company will calculate both its current and accumulated earnings and profits on a tax basis in order to determine the amount of any distribution that constitutes a return of capital to the Company’s stockholders, and while such distributions are not taxable, they may result in higher capital gains (or reduced capital losses) when the shares are eventually sold.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are fees and other direct incremental costs incurred by the Company in obtaining debt financing. Debt issuance costs are amortized and included in interest expense over the life of the related debt instrument using the effective yield method. The respective debt payable is presented net of the unamortized debt issuance costs in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities.

Per Share Information

Basic and diluted earnings per common share are calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the periods presented. For the periods presented, basic and diluted earnings per share are the same since there are no potentially dilutive securities outstanding.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s books and records are maintained in U.S. dollars. Any foreign currency amounts are translated into U.S. dollars on the following basis:

•Fair value of investment securities, other assets and liabilities—at the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the period; and

•Purchases and sales of investment securities, income and expenses—at the exchange rates prevailing on the respective dates of such transactions, income or expenses.

Net assets and fair values are presented based on the applicable foreign exchange rates described above and the Company does not isolate that portion of the results of operations resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates on investments from the fluctuations arising from changes in fair values of investments held; therefore, fluctuations related to foreign exchange rate conversions are included with the net realized gains (losses) and unrealized gains (losses) on investments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). This change is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses, allowing financial statement users to better understand the components of a segment's profit or loss and assess potential future cash flows for each reportable segment and the entity as a whole. The amendments expand a public entity's segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), clarifying when an entity may report one or more additional measures to assess segment performance, requiring enhanced interim disclosures and providing new disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, among other new disclosure requirements. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company has adopted this standard. Refer to Note 13 for more details.

Note 3. Related Party Agreements and Transactions

Investment Advisory Agreement

In accordance with the Board approved investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), subject to the overall supervision of the Board and in accordance with the 1940 Act, the Adviser manages the day-to-day operations and provides investment advisory services to the Company. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser:

•determines the composition of the Company’s portfolio, the nature and timing of changes to the Company’s portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes;

•identifies, evaluates and negotiates the structure of investments;

•executes, closes, services and monitors investments;

•determines the securities and other assets purchased, retained or sold;

•performs due diligence on prospective investments; and

•provides the Company with such other investment advisory, research and related services as the Company may, from time to time, reasonably require for the investment of its funds.

As consideration for the investment advisory and management services provided, and pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay the Adviser a fee consisting oftwo components—a base management fee and an incentive fee. The cost of both the base management fee and incentive fee is ultimately borne by the Company’s stockholders.

Base Management Fee

The base management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1.75% of the Company’s average adjusted gross assets, including assets purchased with borrowed funds. For services rendered under the Advisory Agreement, the base management fee is payable quarterly in arrears. The base management fee is calculated based on the average value of the Company’s gross assets at the end of its two most recently completed calendar quarters. Such amount is appropriately adjusted (based on the actual number of days elapsed relative to the total number of days in such calendar quarter) for any share issuances or repurchases during a calendar quarter. Base management fees for any partial month or quarter are appropriately pro-rated.

Incentive Fee

The incentive fee, which provides the Adviser with a share of the income it generates for the Company, consists oftwo components—net investment income and net capital gains—which are largely independent of each other, and may result in one component being payable in a given period even if the other is not payable.

Under the investment income component, the Company pays the Adviser each quarter 20.0% of the amount by which the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income for the quarter exceeds a hurdle rate of 2.0% (8.0% annualized) of the Company’s net assets at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, subject to a “catch-up” provision pursuant to which the Adviser receives all of such income in excess of 2.0% but less than 2.5%, subject to a total return requirement. The effect of the “catch-up” provision is that, subject to the total return provision discussed below, if pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter, the Adviser receives 20.0% of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income as if the 2.0% hurdle rate did not apply. Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital gains or losses. The foregoing incentive fee is subject to a total return requirement, which provides that no incentive fee in respect of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income is payable except to the extent that 20.0% of the cumulative net increase in net assets resulting from operations since the effective date of the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC exceeds the cumulative incentive fees accrued and/or paid since the effective date of the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC. In other words, any investment income incentive fee that is payable in a calendar quarter is limited to the lesser of (i)20.0% of the amount by which the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income for such calendar quarter exceeds the 2.0% hurdle, subject to the “catch-up” provision and (ii) (x)20.0% of the cumulative net increase in net assets resulting from operations since the effective date of the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC minus (y) the cumulative incentive fees accrued and/or paid since the effective date of the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC. For the foregoing purpose, the “cumulative net increase in net assets resulting from operations” is the sum of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income, realized gains and losses and unrealized appreciation and depreciation since the effective date of the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC. The Company elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act on March 5, 2014.

Commencing with the quarter ending March 31, 2025, until and including the quarter ending December 31, 2025, the Adviser has agreed to waive the portion of the income incentive fee payable for a quarter under the Advisory Agreement if and to the extent that, after payment of such income incentive fee, the Company’s net investment income per share for such quarter is below the Company’s quarterly distribution per share for such quarter.

Under the capital gains component of the incentive fee, the Company pays the Adviser at the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement)20.0% of the Company’s aggregate cumulative realized capital gains from inception through the end of that year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement), computed net of aggregate cumulative realized capital losses and aggregate cumulative unrealized losses through the end of such year, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. For the foregoing purpose, the Company’s “aggregate cumulative realized capital gains” does not include any unrealized gains. It should be noted that the Company accrues an incentive fee for accounting purposes taking into account any unrealized gains in accordance with GAAP. The capital gains component of the incentive fee is not subject to any minimum return to stockholders. If such amount is negative, then no capital gains incentive fee is payable for such year. Additionally, if the Advisory Agreement is terminated as of a date that is not a calendar year end, the termination date will be treated as though it were a calendar year end for purposes of calculating and paying the capital gains incentive fee.

The base management fee, income incentive fee and capital gains incentive fee earned by the Adviser are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and summarized in the table below. Base management and incentive fees are paid in the quarter following that in which they are earned. The Company had cumulative realized and unrealized losses as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and, as a result, no capital gains incentive fees were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Administration Agreement

The Board-approved Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator is responsible for furnishing the Company with office facilities and equipment and providing the Company with clerical, bookkeeping, recordkeeping services and other administrative services at such facilities. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator performs, or oversees, or arranges for, the performance of the Company’s required administrative services, which includes being responsible for the financial and other records which the Company is required to maintain and preparing reports to the Company’s stockholders and reports and other materials filed with the SEC and any other regulatory authority. In addition, the Administrator assists the Company in determining and publishing net asset value (“NAV”), overseeing the preparation and filing of the Company’s tax returns and printing and disseminating reports and other materials to the Company’s stockholders, and generally oversees the payment of the Company’s expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Company by others. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator also provides significant managerial assistance on the Company’s behalf to those companies that have accepted the Company’s offer to provide such assistance.

In consideration of the provision of the services of the Administrator, the Company reimburses the Administrator for the costs and expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations and providing personnel and facilities under the Administration Agreement. Payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to the Company’s allocable portion (subject to the review of the Board) of the Administrator’s overhead resulting from its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent and the allocable portion of the cost of the chief compliance officer and chief financial officer and their respective staffs. In addition, if requested to provide significant managerial assistance to the Company’s portfolio companies, the Administrator is paid an additional amount based on the services provided, which shall not exceed the amount the Company receives from such companies for providing this assistance.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, expenses paid or payable by the Company to the Administrator under the Administration Agreement were $2.4 million, $2.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

Note 4. Investments

The Company measures the fair value of its investments in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure, or “ASC Topic 820,” issued by the FASB. ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Valuation Committee of the Board is responsible for assisting the Board in valuing investments for which current market quotations are not readily available. Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued using market quotations, which are generally obtained from pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers.

The Company values its investments for which market quotations are not readily available at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board, with the assistance of the Adviser and independent valuation agents, in accordance with Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act and GAAP, and in accordance with the Company’s valuation methodologies. If more than one valuation method is used to measure fair value, the results are evaluated and weighted, as appropriate, considering the reasonableness of the range indicated by those results. The Adviser considers a range of fair values based upon the valuation techniques utilized and selects a value within that range that most accurately represents fair value based on current market conditions as well as other factors the Adviser’s valuation committee considers relevant. The Board determines fair value of the Company’s investments on at least a quarterly basis or at such other times when the Board feels it would be appropriate to do so given the circumstances. A determination of fair value involves subjective judgments and estimates and depends on the facts and circumstances present at each valuation date. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining fair value of portfolio investments that do not have a readily available market value, fair value of investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material.

ASC Topic 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. ASC Topic 820 also provides guidance regarding a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes information used to measure fair value and the effect of fair value measurements on earnings and provides for enhanced disclosures determined by the level of information used in the valuation. In accordance with ASC Topic 820, these inputs are summarized in the three levels listed below.

•Level 1—Valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

•Level 2—Valuations are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable.

•Level 3—Valuations are based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models incorporating significant unobservable inputs, such as discounted cash flow models and other similar valuations techniques. The valuation of Level 3 assets and liabilities generally requires significant management judgment due to the inability to observe inputs to valuation.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of observable input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the investment.

Under ASC Topic 820, the fair value measurement also assumes that the transaction to sell an asset occurs in the principal market for the asset or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset, which may be a hypothetical market, excluding transaction costs. The principal market for any asset is the market with the greatest volume and level of activity for such asset in which the reporting entity would or could sell or transfer the asset. In determining the principal market for an asset or liability under ASC Topic 820, it is assumed that the reporting entity has access to such market as of the measurement date. Market participants are defined as buyers and sellers in the principal or most advantageous market that are independent, knowledgeable and willing and able to transact.

For purposes of Section 2(a)(41) and Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, a market quotation is readily available only when that quotation is a quoted price (unadjusted) in active markets for identical investments that the Company can access at the measurement date, provided that a quotation will not be readily available if it is not reliable. Any portfolio investment that is not priced using a Level 1 input shall be subject to the fair value determination requirements under Rule 2a-5 and subject to the Company’s valuation procedures.

With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, the Board undertakes a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below:

•The quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment receiving a proposed valuation by the Adviser. The Adviser’s internal valuation committee (the “Adviser Valuation Committee”) is responsible for the valuation process, including making preliminary valuation conclusions and recommendations to the Valuation Committee and Board. The Adviser Valuation Committee does not include any voting members who are portfolio managers or investment professionals.

•The Adviser’s Portfolio Valuation, Monitoring and Analytics (“VMA”) group is responsible for aiding and supporting the Adviser Valuation Committee in the Adviser Valuation Committee’s role of overseeing the valuation process, including for calculating and overseeing the valuation process and valuation conclusions, and including making recommendations with respect to discount rates, liquidity adjustments and other key inputs into the valuation process.

•Proposed valuations are then documented and discussed with the Adviser Valuation Committee and other members of the Adviser’s senior management, including members of the VMA and the Adviser’s Finance, Operations, Legal and Compliance groups.

•At least 25% of the total dollar value of the Company’s investment portfolio will receive valuation recommendations from an independent third-party valuation firm each quarter, as selected in accordance with the Company’s valuation policy. Each new portfolio investment will be reviewed by an independent third-party valuation firm within 12 months of the date of investment, and thereafter will be reviewed by an independent third-party valuation firm no later than the fourth quarter following its most recent inclusion in such review process. However, a valuation review by an independent third-party valuation firm is not required for an investment whose total dollar value is less than 1% of the total dollar value of the Company’s aggregate investment portfolio (up to an aggregate of 10% of the total dollar value of the Company’s aggregate investment portfolio) or for those assets that the Board and/or Valuation Committee has agreed to waive from such requirement.

•The Adviser and the independent third-party valuation firms, if applicable, then present their proposed valuations to the Valuation Committee and Board, and the Board makes a fair valuation determination for each portfolio investment that is to be fair valued.

Debt Investments

The debt investments identified on the consolidated schedules of investments are loans made to venture capital-backed companies focused in technology and other high growth industries which are backed by a select group of leading venture capital investors. These investments are considered Level 3 assets under ASC Topic 820 as there is no known or accessible market or market indices for these types of debt instruments and thus the Company must estimate the fair value of these investment securities based on models utilizing unobservable inputs.

To estimate the fair value of debt investments, the Company compares the cost basis of each debt investment, including any OID, to the resulting fair value determined using a discounted cash flow model, unless another model is more appropriate based on the circumstances at the measurement date. The discounted cash flow approach entails analyzing the interest rate spreads for recently completed financing transactions which are similar in nature to these debt investments, in order to determine a comparable range of effective market interest rates. The range of interest rate spreads utilized is based on borrowers with similar credit profiles. All remaining expected cash flows of the investment are discounted using this range of interest rates to determine a range of fair values for the debt investment.

The valuation process includes, among other things, evaluating the underlying investment performance of the portfolio company’s current financial condition and ability to raise additional capital, as well as macro-economic events that may impact valuations. These events include, but are not limited to, current market yields and interest rate spreads of similar securities as of the measurement date. Changes in these unobservable inputs could result in significantly different fair value measurements.

Under certain circumstances, an alternative technique may be used to value certain debt investments that better reflect the fair value of the investment, such as the price paid or realized in a recently completed transaction or a binding offer received in an arm’s length transaction, the use of multiple probability weighted cash flow models when the expected future cash flows contain elements of variability or estimates of proceeds that would be received in a liquidation scenario.

Warrant fair values are primarily determined using a Black Scholes option pricing model. Privately held warrants and equity-related securities are valued based on an analysis of various factors, including, but not limited to, those listed below. Increases or decreases in any of the unobservable inputs described below could result in a material change in fair value:

•Underlying enterprise value of the issuer based on available information, including any information regarding the most recent financing round of borrower. Valuation techniques to determine enterprise value include market multiple approaches, income approaches or the use of recent rounds of financing and the portfolio company’s capital structure. Valuation techniques are also utilized to allocate the enterprise fair value of a portfolio company to the specific class of common or preferred stock exercisable in the warrant. Such techniques take into account the rights and preferences of the portfolio company’s securities, expected exit scenarios, and volatility associated with such outcomes to allocate the fair value to the specific class of stock held in the portfolio. Such techniques include option pricing models, including back solve techniques, probability weighted expected return models and other techniques determined to be appropriate.

•Volatility, or the amount of uncertainty or risk about the size of the changes in the warrant investment price, is based on comparable publicly traded companies within indices similar in nature to the underlying company issuing the warrant.

•The risk-free interest rates are derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve. The risk-free interest rates are calculated based on a weighted average of the risk-free interest rates that correspond closest to the expected remaining life of the warrant investment.

•Other adjustments, including a marketability discount on private company warrant investments, are estimated based on the Adviser’s judgment about the general industry environment.

•Historical portfolio experience on cancellations and exercises of warrant investments are utilized as the basis for determining the estimated life of the warrant investment in each financial reporting period. Warrant investments may be exercised in the event of acquisitions, mergers or initial public offerings, and cancelled due to events such as bankruptcies, restructuring activities or additional financings. These events cause the expected remaining life assumption to be shorter than the contractual term of the warrant investment.

Under certain circumstances alternative techniques may be used to value certain warrants that more accurately reflect the warrants' fair values, such as an expected settlement of a warrant in the near term, a model that incorporates a put feature associated with the warrant, or the price paid or realized in a recently completed transaction or binding offer received in an arm’s-length transaction. The fair value may be determined based on the expected proceeds to be received from such settlement or based on the net present value of the expected proceeds from the put option.

Equity Investments

The fair value of an equity investment in a privately held company is initially the amount invested. The Company adjusts the fair value of equity investments in private companies upon the completion of a new third party round of equity financing subsequent to its investment. The Company may adjust the fair value of an equity investment absent a new equity financing event based upon positive or negative changes in a portfolio company’s financial or operational performance. The Company may also reference comparable transactions and/or secondary market transactions of comparable companies to estimate fair value. These valuation methodologies involve a significant degree of judgment.

The fair value of an equity investment in a publicly traded company is based upon the closing public share price on the date of measurement. These assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Investment Valuation

The above-described valuation methodologies involve a significant degree of judgment. There is no single standard for determining the estimated fair value of investments that do not have an active observable market. Valuations of privately held investments are inherently uncertain, as they are based on estimates, and their values may fluctuate over time. The determination of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an active market for these investments existed. In some cases, the fair value of such investments is best expressed as a range of values derived utilizing different methodologies from which a single estimate may then be determined.

Investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are categorized in the following table based upon the lowest level of significant input to the valuations as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company transfers investments in and out of Levels 1, 2 and 3 as of the beginning balance sheet date, based on changes in the use of observable and unobservable inputs utilized to perform the valuation for the period.

The following tables show information about Level 3 portfolio company investments measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. As a result, the net unrealized gains and losses for assets within the Level 3 category may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long-dated volatilities) inputs.

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 are measured as of the date of the transfer. During the year ended December 31, 2024, transfers relate to equity investments in publicly traded companies.

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 are measured as of the date of the transfer. There were no transfers out of Level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Realized gains and losses are included in “net realized gains (losses) on investments” in the consolidated statements of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized net realized losses on investments of $33.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized net realized losses on investments of $75.8 million.

Unrealized gains and losses are included in “net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments” in the consolidated statements of operations.

Net change in unrealized gains during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $10.5 million. Net change in unrealized losses during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $37.9 million.

The following tables show a summary of quantitative information about the Level 3 fair value measurements of portfolio company investments as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. In addition to the techniques and inputs noted in the tables below, the Company may also use other valuation techniques and methodologies when determining fair value measurements.

Increases or decreases in any of the above unobservable inputs in isolation would result in a lower or higher fair value measurement for such assets.

Note 5. Credit Risk

Debt investments may be affected by business, financial market or legal uncertainties. Prices of investments may be volatile, and a variety of factors that are inherently difficult to predict, such as domestic, economic and political developments, may significantly affect the value of these investments. In addition, the value of these investments may fluctuate as the general level of interest rates fluctuates.

In many instances, the portfolio company’s ability to repay the debt investments is dependent on additional funding by its venture capital investors, a future sale or an initial public offering. The value of these investments may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations, there is insufficient collateral and/or there are extensive legal and other costs incurred in collecting on a defaulted loan.

Note 6. Borrowings

The following table shows the Company’s outstanding debt as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Interest expense on these borrowings includes the interest cost charged on borrowings, the unused fee on the Credit Facility (as defined below), paying and administrative agent fees, and the amortization of deferred Credit Facility fees and expenses and costs and fees relating to the Company’s unsecured notes outstanding. These expenses are shown in the table below:

Credit Facility

In February 2014, the Company, along with its Financing Subsidiary as borrower, entered into a credit agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch acting as administrative agent and the other lenders party thereto, which provided the Company with a $150.0 million commitment, subject to borrowing base requirements (as amended and restated from time to time, the “Credit Facility”). On July 22, 2022, the Credit Facility was amended to, among other things, extend the revolving period from November 30, 2022 to May 31, 2024 and the scheduled maturity date from May 31, 2024 to November 30, 2025 (unless otherwise terminated earlier pursuant to its terms), as well as change the floating rate from LIBOR to SOFR. On April 29, 2024, the Company and the Financing Subsidiary amended the Credit Facility to, among other things, extend the revolving period to August 31, 2024. On August 6, 2024, the Company and the Financing Subsidiary amended the Credit Facility to, among other things, (i) further extend the revolving period from August 31, 2024 to November 30, 2025, (ii) extend the scheduled maturity date from November 30, 2025 to May 30, 2027, (iii) adjust the advance rates based on the underlying asset type, (iv) revise certain events of default provisions and affirmative and negative covenants; and (v) reduce the total commitments to $300 million from $350 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $300 million in total commitments available under the Credit Facility, which includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to increase the size of the Credit Facility to up to $400 million under certain circumstances.

As of December 31, 2024, borrowings under the Credit Facility bore interest at the sum of (i) a floating rate based on certain indices, including SOFR and commercial paper rates (subject to a floor of 0.50%), plus (ii) a margin of 3.20% if facility utilization is greater than or equal to 75%,3.35% if utilization is greater than or equal to 50% but less than 75%,3.50% if utilization is less than 50% and 4.5% during the amortization period. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are secured only by the assets of the Financing Subsidiary. The Company agreed to pay Deutsche Bank AG a syndication fee and to pay to Deutsche Bank AG a fee to act as administrative agent under the Credit Facility as well as to pay each lender (i) a commitment fee based on each lender’s commitment and (ii) a fee of 0.50% per annum for any unused borrowings under the Credit Facility on a monthly basis. The Credit Facility contains affirmative and restrictive covenants including, but not limited to, an advance rate of up to 50.0% of the applicable balance of net assets held by the Financing Subsidiary, maintenance of minimum net worth, a ratio of total assets to total indebtedness of not less than the greater of 3:2 and the amount so required under the 1940 Act, a key man clause relating to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, James P. Labe, and the Company’s President and Chief Investment Officer, Sajal K. Srivastava, and eligibility requirements, including but not limited to geographic and industry concentration limitations and certain loan grade classifications. Furthermore, events of default under the Credit Facility include, among other things, (i) a payment default; (ii) a change of control; (iii) bankruptcy; (iv) a covenant default; and (v) failure by the Company to maintain its qualification as a BDC under the 1940 Act. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $5.0 million and $215.0 million, respectively, excluding deferred credit facility costs of $3.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively, which is included in the Company’s consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. The book value of the Credit Facility approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity, cash repayments and market interest rates of the instrument. The fair value of the Credit Facility would be categorized as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy if determined as of the reporting date.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had average outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $62.7 million and $175.7 million, respectively, at a weighted average interest rate, inclusive of unused fees, of 8.92% and 8.84%, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $332.0 million and $518.3 million, respectively, of the Company’s assets, including restricted cash, were pledged for borrowings under the Credit Facility, leaving $431.0 million and $460.5 million of assets unencumbered, respectively.

2025 Notes

On March 19, 2020, the Company completed a private debt offering of $70.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.50% unsecured notes due March 19, 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The interest on the 2025 Notes is payable semiannually on March 19 and September 19 each year.

The 2025 Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at the Company’s option at par plus accrued interest to the prepayment date and, if applicable, a make-whole premium. In addition, the Company is obligated to offer to prepay the 2025 Notes at par plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the date of prepayment, if certain change in control events occur. The 2025 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all outstanding and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company; provided, however, in the event that the Company creates, incurs, assumes or permits to exist liens on or with respect to any of its property or assets in connection with future secured indebtedness of more than an aggregate principal amount of $25 million, the 2025 Notes will generally become secured concurrently therewith, equally and ratably with such indebtedness.

The Master Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) under which the 2025 Notes were issued contains customary terms and conditions for unsecured notes issued in a private placement, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting, maintenance of the Company’s status as a BDC within the meaning of the 1940 Act, a minimum asset coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00, a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00, and minimum stockholders’ equity of $216.1 million, as adjusted upward by an amount equal to 65% of the net proceeds from the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock subsequent to December 31, 2019. In addition, in the event that a Below Investment Grade Event (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) occurs, the 2025 Notes will bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.50% per year from the date of the occurrence of the Below Investment Grade Event to and until the date on which the Below Investment Grade Event is no longer continuing.

The Note Purchase Agreement also contains customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness of the Company or subsidiary guarantors, certain judgments and orders, certain events of bankruptcy, and breach of a key man clause relating to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, James P. Labe, and the Company’s President and Chief Investment Officer, Sajal K. Srivastava. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the 2025 Notes.

The 2025 Notes are recorded at amortized cost in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. Amortized cost includes $0.1 million of deferred issuance cost as of December 31, 2024, which is amortized and expensed over thefive-year term of the 2025 Notes based on an effective yield method. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the 2025 Notes was $70.3 million and $67.5 million, respectively, and would be categorized as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy if determined as of the reporting date.

2026 Notes

On March 1, 2021, the Company completed a private debt offering of $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.50% unsecured notes due March 1, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The interest on the 2026 Notes is payable semiannually on March 19 and September 19 each year.

The 2026 Notes are governed by the terms of the First Supplement, dated as of March 1, 2021 (the “First Supplement”), to the Note Purchase Agreement. The 2026 Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at the Company’s option at par plus accrued interest to the prepayment date and, if applicable, a make-whole premium. In addition, the Company is obligated to offer to prepay the 2026 Notes at par plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the date of prepayment, if certain change in control events occur. The 2026 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all outstanding and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company; provided, however, in the event that the Company creates, incurs, assumes or permits to exist liens on or with respect to any of its property or assets in connection with future secured indebtedness of more than an aggregate principal amount of $25 million, the 2026 Notes will generally become secured concurrently therewith, equally and ratably with such indebtedness. In addition, in the event that a Below Investment Grade Event (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) occurs, the 2026 Notes will bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.50% per year from the date of the occurrence of the Below Investment Grade Event to and until the date on which the Below Investment Grade Event is no longer continuing. The other terms and conditions applicable to the 2026 Notes under the Note Purchase Agreement, as modified by the First Supplement, including events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, are substantially similar to the terms and conditions applicable to the 2025 Notes. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the 2026 Notes.

The 2026 Notes are recorded at amortized cost in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. Amortized cost includes $0.5 million of deferred issuance cost as of December 31, 2024, which is amortized and expensed over thefive-year term of the 2026 Notes based on an effective yield method. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the 2026 Notes was $194.8 million and $188.2 million, respectively, and would be categorized as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy if determined as of the reporting date.

2027 Notes

On February 28, 2022, the Company completed a private debt offering of $125.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.00% unsecured notes due February 28, 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The interest on the 2027 Notes is payable semiannually on February 28 and August 28 each year.

The 2027 Notes are governed by the terms of the Second Supplement, dated as of February 28, 2022 (the “Second Supplement”), to the Note Purchase Agreement. The 2027 Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at the Company’s option at par plus accrued interest to the prepayment date and, if applicable, a make-whole premium. In addition, the Company is obligated to offer to prepay the 2027 Notes at par plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the date of prepayment, if certain change in control events occur. The 2027 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all outstanding and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company; provided, however, in the event that the Company creates, incurs, assumes or permits to exist liens on or with respect to any of its property or assets in connection with future secured indebtedness of more than an aggregate principal amount of $25 million, the 2027 Notes will generally become secured concurrently therewith, equally and ratably with such indebtedness. In addition, in the event that a Below Investment Grade Event (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) occurs, the 2027 Notes will bear interest at a fixed rate of 6.00% per year from the date of the occurrence of the Below Investment Grade Event to and until the date on which the Below Investment Grade Event is no longer continuing. The other terms and conditions applicable to the 2027 Notes under the Note Purchase Agreement, as modified by the Second Supplement, including events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, are substantially similar to the terms and conditions applicable to the 2025 Notes and the 2026 Notes. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the 2027 Notes.

The 2027 Notes are recorded at amortized cost in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. Amortized cost includes $0.6 million of deferred issuance cost as of December 31, 2024, which is amortized and expensed over thefive-year term of the 2027 Notes based on an effective yield method. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the 2027 Notes was $119.0 million and $116.5 million, respectively, and would be categorized as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy if determined as of the reporting date.

The following table shows additional information about the level in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(1)Net of debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

(2)Net of debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 of $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

(3)Net of debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 of $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s unfunded commitments totaled $104.5 million to 14 portfolio companies and $118.1 million to 14 portfolio companies, respectively, of which $9.1 million and $29.2 million, respectively, was dependent upon the portfolio companies reaching certain milestones before the debt commitment becomes available to them.

The Company’s credit agreements contain customary lending provisions that allow it relief from funding obligations for previously made commitments in instances where the underlying company experiences material adverse events that affect the financial condition or business outlook for the company. Since these commitments may expire without being drawn upon, unfunded commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements or future earning assets for the Company.

The following table shows the Company’s unfunded commitments by portfolio company as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(1)The Company did not have any backlog of potential future commitments as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Refer to the “Backlog of Potential Future Commitments” below.

The table above also shows the fair value of the Company’s unfunded commitment liability totaling $0.9 million and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value at the inception of the delay draw credit agreements is equal to the fees and warrants received to enter into these agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the relevant counterparty’s credit profile. The unfunded commitment liability reflects the fair value of these future funding commitments and is included in “Other accrued expenses and liabilities” in the Company’s consolidated statements of assets and liabilities.

These liabilities are considered Level 3 liabilities under ASC Topic 820 as there is no known or accessible market or market indices for these types of financial instruments. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. The following table shows additional details regarding the Company's unfunded commitment activity during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1)Includes backlog of potential future commitments. Refer to the “Backlog of Potential Future Commitments” below.

The following table shows additional information on the Company’s unfunded commitments regarding milestones and expirations as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(1)Does not include backlog of potential future commitments. Refer to the “Backlog of Potential Future Commitments” below.

Backlog of Potential Future Commitments

The Company may enter into commitments with certain portfolio companies that permit an increase in the commitment amount in the future in the event that certain conditions to make such increases are met. If such conditions to increase are met, these amounts may become unfunded commitments, if not drawn prior to expiration. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company didnot have any backlog of potential future commitments.

Note 8. Financial Highlights

The following table shows the financial highlights for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

(1)All per share activity is calculated based on the weighted average shares outstanding for the relevant period, except net increase from capital share transactions, which is based on the common shares outstanding as of the relevant balance sheet date.

(2)Total return based on NAV is the change in ending NAV per share plus distributions per share paid during the period assuming participation in the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan divided by the beginning NAV per share. Total return does not reflect sales charges that may be incurred by stockholders.

(3)Total return based on stock price is the change in the ending stock price of the Company’s common stock plus distributions paid during the period assuming participation in the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan divided by the beginning stock price of the Company’s common stock. Total return does not reflect sales charges that may be incurred by stockholders.

The following table shows the weighted average annualized portfolio yield on debt investments for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

(1)Weighted average portfolio yields on debt investments for periods shown are the annualized rates of interest income recognized during the period divided by the average amortized cost of debt investments in the portfolio during the period. The calculation of weighted average portfolio yields on debt investments excludes any non-income producing debt investments, but includes debt investments on non-accrual status. The weighted average yields reported for these periods are annualized and reflect the weighted average yields to maturities.

(2)The weighted average portfolio yields on debt investments reflected above do not represent actual investment returns to our stockholders.

Note 9. Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets per Share

The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted net increase/(decrease) in net assets per share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

Note 10. Equity

Since inception through December 31, 2024, the Company issued 34,999,352 shares of common stock through an initial public offering and a concurrent private placement offering in 2014, a registered follow-on offering in 2015, a private placement offering in 2017, a registered follow-on offering and concurrent private placement offering in 2018, a registered follow-on offering in 2020 and a registered follow-on offering in 2022. The Company received net proceeds from these offerings of $488.1 million, net of the portion of the underwriting sales load and offering costs paid by the Company. Included in the $488.1 million of net proceeds from these offerings is $55.3 million in net proceeds from the Company’s issuance in August 2022 of an aggregate of 4,161,807 shares of common stock in a registered follow-on offering pursuant to an underwriting agreement by and among the Company, the Adviser and the Administrator, on the one hand, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named in the underwriting agreement.411,807 of the shares issued in August 2022 were issued pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.

On September 30, 2022, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “2022 Sales Agreement”) with the Adviser, the Administrator and UBS Securities LLC (the “Sales Agent”), providing for the issuance and sale from time to time of up to an aggregate of $50.0 million inshares of the Company’s common stock by means of at-the-market offerings (the “Prior ATM Program”). Subject to the terms of the 2022 Sales Agreement, the Sales Agent was not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities but acted as the Company’s sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with the Sales Agent’s normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the Company and the Sales Agent.

On May 2, 2024, the Company entered into a new sales agreement (the “2024 Sales Agreement”) with the Adviser, the Administrator and the Sales Agent, providing for the issuance and sale from time to timeof up to an aggregate of $75.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stockby means of at-the-market offerings (the “Current ATM Program” and, together with the Prior ATM Program, the “ATM Programs”). Concurrently upon entry into the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Company, the Adviser, the Administrator and the Sales Agent agreed to the termination of the 2022 Sales Agreement. Subject to the terms of the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Sales Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities but will act as the Company’s sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with the Sales Agent’s normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the Company and the Sales Agent.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 2,126,711 shares of common stock under the 2022 Sales Agreement and the 2024 Sales Agreement. For the same period, the Company received total net proceeds of$19.4 million. As of December 31, 2024, $56.5 million in shares remained available for sale under the Current ATM Program.

The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan for its stockholders, which is an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan. Under this plan, if the Company declares a cash distribution to stockholders, the amount of such distribution is automatically reinvested in additional shares of common stock unless a stockholder specifically “opts out” of the dividend reinvestment plan. If a stockholder opts out, that stockholder receives cash distributions.

The following tables show information on the proceeds raised along with any related underwriting sales load and associated offering expenses, and the price at which common stock was issued by the Company, during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

(1)Gross offering price per share represents the weighted average price per share issued on March 12, 2024 under the 2022 Sales Agreement.

(2)Gross offering price per share represents the weighted average price per share issued during the period from May 7, 2024 to June 10, 2024 under the 2024 Sales Agreement.

(1)Gross offering price per share represents the weighted average price per share issued during the period from August 14, 2023 to September 18, 2023 under the 2022 Sales Agreement.

(2)Gross offering price per share represents the weighted average price per share issued during the period from November 16, 2023 to December 28, 2023 under the 2022 Sales Agreement.

The Company had 40,137,371 and 37,620,109 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 11. Distributions

The Company has elected to be treated, and intends to comply with the requirements to continue to qualify annually, as a RIC under the Code. In order to maintain its ability to be subject to tax as a RIC, among other things, the Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its net ordinary income and net realized short-term capital gains in excess of its net realized long-term capital losses, if any, to its stockholders. Additionally, to avoid a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax on certain of the Company’s undistributed income, the Company must distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of: (a) 98% of the Company’s ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for such calendar year; (b) 98.2% of the amount by which the Company’s capital gains exceed the Company’s capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made by the Company to use its taxable year); and (c) certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which the Company paid no U.S. federal income tax.

For the tax years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was subject to a 4% U.S. federal excise tax and the Company may be subject to this tax in future years. In such cases, the Company is liable for the tax only on the amount by which the Company does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement. The character of income and gains that the Company distributes is determined in accordance with income tax regulations that may differ from GAAP. Book and tax basis differences relating to stockholder dividends and distributions and other permanent book and tax differences are reclassified to paid-in capital. The Company incurred a non-deductible U.S. federal excise tax of $1.6 million and $1.5 million for the tax years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table shows the Company's cash distributions per share that have been authorized by the Board since the Company's initial public offering to December 31, 2024. From March 5, 2014 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 2015, and during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2018 and 2017, distributions represent ordinary income as the Company's earnings exceeded distributions. Approximately $0.24 per share of the distributions during the year ended December 31, 2016 represented a return of capital. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, distributions represent ordinary income and long term capital gains.

(1)The amount of this initial distribution reflected a quarterly distribution rate of $0.30 per share, prorated for the 27 days for the period from the pricing of the Company’s initial public offering on March 5, 2014 (commencement of operations) through March 31, 2014.

(2)Represents a special distribution.

It is the Company’s intention to distribute all or substantially all of its taxable income earned over the course of the year. However, the Company may choose not to distribute all of its taxable income for a number of reasons, including retaining excess taxable income for investment purposes and/or to defer the payment of distributions associated with the excess taxable income for future calendar years. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $1.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for an excise tax accrual. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, total distributions of $1.40 per share and $1.60 per share were declared and paid, respectively, and represented distributions from ordinary income. No provision for income tax was recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the Company estimated it had undistributed taxable earnings from net investment income of $43.4 million, or $1.08 per share. Since March 5, 2014 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 2024, total distributions of $16.05 per share have been paid.

Note 12. Taxable Income

The Company has elected to be treated and intends to qualify each year as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Company generally does not pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that the Company timely distributes to its stockholders as dividends. Taxable income includes the Company’s taxable interest and other income, reduced by certain deductions, as well as taxable net realized capital gains. Taxable income generally differs from net income for financial reporting purposes due to temporary and permanent differences in the recognition of income and expenses, and generally excludes net unrealized gains or losses, as such gains or losses are not included in taxable income until they are realized.

To qualify and be subject to tax as a RIC, the Company is required to meet certain income and asset diversification tests in addition to distributing dividends of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of its investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code and determined without regard to any deduction for distributions paid, to its stockholders. The amount to be paid out as a distribution is determined by the Board of Directors each quarter and is based upon the annual earnings estimated by the management of the Company. To the extent that the Company’s earnings fall below the amount of dividend distributions declared, however, a portion of the total amount of the Company’s distributions for the fiscal year may be deemed a return of capital for tax purposes to the Company’s stockholders.

Because federal income tax regulations differ from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, distributions in accordance with tax regulations may differ from net investment income and realized gains recognized for financial reporting purposes. Differences may be permanent or temporary in nature. Permanent differences are reclassified among capital accounts in the financial statements to reflect their appropriate tax character. Permanent differences may also result from the change in the classification of short-term gains as ordinary income for tax purposes. Temporary differences arise when certain items of income, expense, gain or loss are recognized at some time in the future. Also, recent tax legislation requires that certain income be recognized for tax purposes no later than when recognized for financial reporting purposes.

It is the Company’s intention to distribute 100% of its annual taxable income to its stockholders and thus, no provision for income tax has been recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company adjusted net assets for permanent differences between financial reporting and tax reporting. These differences relate to non-deductible excise taxes that were reclassified between the following components of net assets:

For income tax purposes, distributions paid to shareholders are reported as ordinary income, return of capital, long term capital gains, or a combination thereof. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company distributed $55.0 million through four regular quarterly distributions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company distributed $57.6 million through four regular quarterly distributions. The tax character of distributions paid for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $55.0 million and $57.6 million, respectively, from ordinary income. The Company expects to distribute $43.4 million of undistributed taxable income in 2025 to meet its intention of distributing all of its taxable income earned in the calendar year 2024. The amount of undistributed taxable income in the calendar year 2024 arises from $43.4 million of excess ordinary income. The Company distributed $41.5 million of undistributed taxable income in 2024 to meet its intention of distributing all of its taxable income earned in the calendar year 2023. The tax cost of investments is $697.0 million as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024 the Company has $191.1 million capital loss carryforwards available to offset future realized capital gains.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the components of distributable earnings on a tax basis are as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company paid $1.5 million of U.S. federal excise tax and had $1.6 million accrued but unpaid U.S. federal excise tax as of the balance sheet date. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid $726,000 of U.S. federal excise tax and had $1.5 million accrued but unpaid U.S. federal excise tax as of the balance sheet date.

The Company evaluates tax positions taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold, or uncertain tax positions, would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. It is the Company’s policy to recognize accrued interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of provision for income taxes.

Based on an analysis of the Company’s tax position, there are no uncertain tax positions that met the recognition or measurement criteria. The Company is currently not undergoing any tax examinations. The Company does not anticipate any significant increase or decrease in unrecognized tax benefits for the next twelve months. The 2021-2024 federal tax years for the Company remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company may remain subject to examination by the state taxing authorities for an additional year depending on the jurisdiction.

Note 13. Operating Segments

The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, collectively, act as the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and is responsible for assessing performance and allocating resources with respect to the Company. The CODM has concluded that the Company operates as a single operating segment based on the fact that the Company has a single investment objective to maximize the Company’s total return to stockholders primarily in the form of current income from secured loans, and secondarily through capital gains from equity “kickers” in the form of warrants and direct equity investments to venture capital-backed companies, against which the CODM assesses the performance. The financial information provided to and reviewed by the CODM include consolidated net investment income and consolidated net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations. As the Company operates as a single segment, the measure of segment profit and segment assets, is presented within the Company’s consolidated financial statements

Note 14. Subsequent Events

The Company's management has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements included herein. There have been no subsequent events that occurred during such period that would require disclosure in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or would be required to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, except as discussed below.

2028 Notes

On January 23, 2025, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “2025 Note Purchase Agreement”) governing the issuance of $50,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due February 2028 with a fixed interest rate of 8.11% per year (the “2028 Notes”) to qualified institutional investors in a private placement. The 2028 Notes were delivered and paid for on February 12, 2025 and mature on February 12, 2028, unless redeemed, purchased or prepaid prior to such date by the Company in accordance with their terms.

Interest on the 2028 Notes will be due semiannually on February 12 and August 12 of each year, beginning on August 12, 2025. The 2028 Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at the Company’s option at par plus accrued interest to the prepayment date and, if applicable, a make-whole premium. In addition, the Company is obligated to offer to prepay the 2028 Notes at par plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the date of prepayment, if certain change in control events occur. The 2028 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all outstanding and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company; provided however, in the event that the Company creates, incurs, assumes or permits to exist liens on or with respect to any of the Company’s property or assets in connection with future secured indebtedness of more than an aggregate principal amount of $25 million, the 2028 Notes will generally become secured concurrently therewith, equally and ratably with such indebtedness.

The 2025 Note Purchase Agreement contains customary terms and conditions for senior unsecured notes issued in a private placement, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting, maintenance of the Company’s status as a BDC within the meaning of the 1940 Act and certain restrictions with respect to transactions with affiliates, fundamental changes, changes of line of business, permitted liens and restricted payments. In addition, the 2025 Note Purchase Agreement contains the following financial covenants: (1) a minimum asset coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00; (2) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00; and (3) maintenance of minimum stockholders’ equity to not be less than (a) the higher of (i) $236,776,000 and (ii) an amount equal to 65% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2024, plus (b)65% of the net proceeds from the sale of the Company’s equity interests after the relevant date. In addition, the stated interest rate on the 2028 Notes is subject to a step up of 1.00% per year, to the extent that (1) the 2028 Notes do not satisfy certain investment grade rating conditions and/or (2) the ratio of its payment-in-kind income to net investment income during a six-month period exceeds specified thresholds, measured as of each fiscal quarter end.

The 2025 Note Purchase Agreement also contains customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness of the Company or subsidiary guarantors, if any, certain judgements and orders, certain events of bankruptcy, and breach of a key man clause with respect to Messrs. Labe and Srivastava.

The 2028 Notes were offered in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The 2028 Notes have not and will not be registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws and, unless so registered, may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act, as applicable.

Distribution

On February 25, 2025, the Board declared a $0.30 per share regular quarterly distribution payable on March 31, 2025 to stockholders of record on March 17, 2025.

Recent Portfolio Activity

From January 1, 2025 through March 4, 2025, the Company closed $53.0 million of additional debt commitments and funded $23.5 million in new investments. TPC’s direct originations platform entered into $214.5 million of additional non-binding signed term sheets with venture growth stage companies. These investment opportunities for the Company are subject to due diligence, definitive documentation and investment committee approval, as well as compliance with the Adviser’s allocation policy.