Ellington Credit Co

For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Committee on March 12, 2024 (the "Form 10-K"). There have been no material changes from these previously disclosed risk factors. Also see "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," included in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as set forth below, as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Form 10-K. The risks and uncertainties described below and in the Form 10-K are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or not presently deemed material by us, may also impair our operations and performance.

Risks Related to our CLO Investments

We are subject to risks associated with loan accumulation facilities.

We may invest capital in CLO warehouse facilities, otherwise known as loan accumulation facilities, or "LAFs." LAFs are generally short- to medium- term financing facilities provided by the investment bank that will ultimately serve as the arranger on a CLO transaction. Utilizing equity capital provided by the LAF investors and debt financing provided by the investment bank, LAFs acquire corporate loans and other similar corporate credit-related assets in anticipation of ultimately collateralizing a CLO transaction. This period of accumulating assets, often known as the "warehouse period," typically terminates when the CLO vehicle issues various tranches of debt and equity securities to the market, using the issuance proceeds to repay the investment bank financing. Investments in LAFs have risks similar to those applicable to investments in CLOs, and the risk of losses is magnified as a result of the leveraged and first-loss nature of these facilities. Further, in the event that the corporate credit assets accumulated by a LAF are not eligible for purchase by the planned CLO, or in the event that the planned CLO is not issued, the LAF investors may be responsible for either holding or disposing of said assets, exposing us to credit and/or mark-to-market risk. This scenario may become more likely in times of economic distress or when the loans comprising the collateral pool of such warehouse, even if still performing, may have declined materially in market value, and we may suffer a loss upon the disposition of these assets. The occurrence of any of the foregoing or similar events could affect our investments in LAFs and, consequently, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks

We are no longer taxed as a REIT.

We have revoked our election to be taxed as a REIT effective as of January 1, 2024. Beginning January 1, 2024, we will be subject to tax as a C corporation at regular corporate rates.

Our ability to utilize our net operating losses ("NOLs") and other carryforwards may be limited.

Under the Code, a corporation is generally allowed a deduction for NOLs carried over from prior taxable years, subject to certain limitations. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $39 million of gross federal NOL carryforwards available to reduce future federal tax liabilities. We also have NOL carryforwards in certain states available to reduce future state tax liabilities. Our NOL carryforwards are subject to adjustment on audit by the Internal Revenue Service and applicable state taxing authorities.

Our ability to use our NOLs and other carryforwards depends on the amount of taxable income generated in future periods. Should we recognize a deferred tax asset with respect to such NOLs, there can be no assurance that a valuation allowance will not be required with respect to our NOLs should our financial performance be negatively impacted in the future. In addition, the use of NOLs and other carryforwards to offset taxable income is subject to various limitations, which could limit our ability to utilize these tax attributes to reduce our taxes even if we generate sufficient taxable income. For example, federal NOLs can be used to offset only 80% of our federal taxable income for any taxable year, and Connecticut NOLs can be used to offset only 50% of our Connecticut taxable income for any taxable year.

A corporation’s ability to deduct its federal NOL carryforwards and to utilize certain other available tax attributes can be substantially constrained under the general annual limitation rules of Section 382 of the Code (“Section 382”) if it undergoes an “ownership change” as defined in Section 382. In general, an “ownership change” occurs if 5% shareholders increase their collective ownership of the aggregate amount of the outstanding shares of our company by more than 50 percentage points looking back over the relevant testing period. If an ownership change occurs, our ability to use our NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes to reduce our taxable income in a future year would be limited to a Section 382 limitation equal to the fair market value of our common shares immediately prior to the ownership change multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the ownership change. An ownership change may severely limit or effectively eliminate our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes. Although we do not believe that an ownership change has occurred, no assurance can be provided as to whether an ownership change has occurred or will occur in the future. Limitations imposed by Sections 382 may discourage us from, among other things, repurchasing our common shares or issuing additional common shares to acquire businesses or assets. We have entered into a Rights Agreement with Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, dated as of April 23, 2024 (the "Rights Agreement") designed to preserve shareholder value and the value of certain tax assets primarily associated with NOL carryforwards under Section 382 of the Code. See "The Rights Agreement that we entered into to protect our tax attributes could hinder the market for our Common Shares."

Risks Related to Our Intention To Convert to a Registered Closed End Fund / Regulated Investment Company ("RIC")

We may not be able to obtain the necessary approvals to convert to a registered closed end fund to be treated as a RIC.

On April 1, 2024, we announced our intention to focus our investment strategy on CLOs. In connection with this strategic transition, we have revoked our REIT election effective as of January 1, 2024 and intend to convert to a registered closed end fund to be treated as a RIC later in 2024 (the “RIC Conversion”). Our ability to complete the RIC Conversion will be subject to certain conditions, including obtaining the required approval of our shareholders for certain matters related to the RIC Conversion. There can be no assurance that the conditions to the RIC Conversion will be satisfied in a timely manner or at all, or that an effect, event, circumstance, occurrence, development or change will not transpire that could delay or prevent these conditions from being satisfied. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurances with respect to the timing of the RIC Conversion or whether the RIC Conversion will be completed at all.

General Risk Factors

Future offerings of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common shares upon our bankruptcy liquidation, and future offerings of equity securities which could dilute the common share holdings of our existing shareholders and may be senior to our common shares for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making offerings of debt securities or additional offerings of equity securities, including through the Rights Agreement. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred shares, if any, and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common shares. Our preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments or both that could limit our ability to pay a dividend or other distribution to the holders of our common shares. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, holders of our common shares bear the risk of our future offerings, including through the Rights Agreement, reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting their share holdings in us.

Future sales of our common shares or other securities convertible into our common shares could cause the market value of our common shares to decline and could result in dilution of your shares.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares or other securities convertible into our common shares could cause the market price of our common shares to decrease significantly. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of our common shares or other securities convertible into our common shares, or the availability of such securities for future sales, on the market price of our common shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares or other securities convertible into our common shares, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market values for our common shares.

Further, as discussed elsewhere herein, we adopted the Rights Agreement in order to preserve our NOL carryforwards. If the Rights under the Rights Agreement become exercisable, investor's interests in our common shares may be diluted, though the intent of the Rights Agreement is to only dilute the interests of the Acquiring Person (as defined herein).

The Rights Agreement that we entered into to protect our tax attributes could hinder the market for our Common Shares.

We have entered into the Rights Agreement, which is designed to preserve shareholder value and the value of certain tax assets primarily associated with NOL carryforwards and built-in losses under Section 382 of the Code. The Rights Agreement is intended to act as a deterrent to any person or group acquiring 4.9% or more of our outstanding Common Shares (any such person an “Acquiring Person”), without the approval of our Board of Trustees, until the expiration of the Rights Agreement.

In connection therewith, the Board of Trustees declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a "Right") for each of our outstanding common shares. The dividend was payable to shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 23, 2024. Subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, if the Rights become exercisable, each Right would initially represent the right to purchase from us one ten-thousandth of a Series A Junior Preferred Share for a purchase price of $40.00, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Rights Agreement (the “Purchase Price”). If issued, each fractional preferred share would give the shareholder approximately the same dividend, voting and liquidation rights as does one Common Share. However, prior to exercise, a Right does not give its holder any rights as a shareholder, including without limitation any dividend, voting or liquidation rights.

In the event that any person becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise thereof at a price equal to the then-current Purchase Price, in accordance with the terms of the Rights Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Shares, such number of Common Shares (or at our option, such number of one ten-thousandths of a Preferred Share) as shall equal the result obtained by (x) multiplying the then-current Purchase Price by the number of one ten-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable and dividing that product by (y) 50% of the current per share market price of the Common Shares (determined pursuant to the Rights Agreement) on the date of the occurrence of such event; provided, however, that the Purchase Price (as so adjusted) and the number of Common Shares so receivable upon exercise of a Right shall thereafter be subject to further adjustment as appropriate in accordance with the Rights Agreement. The Rights will generally not be exercisable until the earlier of (i) 10 business days after a public announcement by us that a person or group has become an Acquiring Person and (ii) 10 business days after the commencement of a tender or exchange offer by a person or group for 4.9% or more of the outstanding Common Shares. However, prior to exercise, a Right does not give its holder any rights as a shareholder, including without limitation, any dividend, voting or liquidation rights.

Although the Rights Agreement is intended to prevent an "ownership change" as defined by Section 382 of the Code, we cannot provide any assurance that we will not experience such an ownership change or that we will otherwise be able to use, in full or in part, our NOLs. Additionally, the Rights Agreement may make our Common Shares less attractive to large institutional holders, discourage potential acquirers from attempting to take over our company, limit the price that investors might be willing to pay for our Common Shares and otherwise hinder the market for our Common Shares.