Kyndryl Holdings, Inc.

NOTE 1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Kyndryl Holdings, Inc. (“we”, “the Company” or “Kyndryl”) is a leading provider of mission-critical enterprise technology services offering advisory, implementation and managed service capabilities to thousands of customers in more than 60 countries. As the world’s largest IT infrastructure services provider, the Company designs, builds, manages and modernizes the complex information systems that the world depends on every day.

Description of Business

Our purpose is to design, build and manage secure and responsive private, public and multi-cloud environments to serve our customers’ needs and accelerate their digital transformations. We have a long track record of helping enterprises navigate major technological changes, particularly by enabling our customers to focus on the core aspects of their businesses during these shifts while trusting us with their most critical systems.

We provide engineering talent, operating solutions and insights derived from our knowledge and data around IT systems. This enables us to deliver advisory, implementation and managed services at scale across technology infrastructures that allow our customers to de-risk and realize the full value of their digital transformations. We do this while embracing new technologies and solutions and continually expanding our skills and capabilities, as we help advance the vital systems that power progress for our customers. We deliver technology services capabilities, insights and depth of expertise to modernize and manage IT environments based on our customers’ unique needs. We offer services across domains such as cloud services, core enterprise and zCloud services, applications, data and artificial intelligence services, digital workplace services, security and resiliency services and network and edge services as we continue to support our customers through technological change. Our services enable us to modernize and manage cloud and on-premises environments as “one” for our customers, enabling them to scale seamlessly. To deliver these services, we rely on our global team of skilled practitioners.

Kyndryl’s History

Prior to November 3, 2021, the Company was wholly owned by International Business Machines Corporation (“IBM” or “former Parent”). In November 2021, our former Parent effected the spin-off (the “Separation” or the “Spin-off”) of the infrastructure services unit of its Global Technology Services segment through the distribution to IBM stockholders of shares of Kyndryl’s common stock representing 80.1% of total shares outstanding. Kyndryl’s stock began trading as an independent company on November 4, 2021, and IBM disposed of its 19.9% retained interest in Kyndryl common stock in the year following the Spin-off. In connection with the Separation, the Company entered into several agreements with IBM governing the relationship of the parties following the Separation.

Basis of****Presentation

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that impact the amounts reported and disclosed in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. We prepared these estimates based on the most current and best available information, but actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

Principles of Consolidation

All significant transactions and intercompany accounts between Kyndryl entities were eliminated. Within the financial statements and tables presented, certain columns and rows may not add due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes. Percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts. Certain items have been recast to conform to current-period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts that are reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Estimates are used in determining the following, among others: revenue, costs to complete service contracts, income taxes, pension assumptions, valuation of assets including goodwill and intangible assets, the depreciable and amortizable lives of long-lived assets, loss contingencies, allowance for credit losses, deferred transition costs and other matters. Actual results may be different from these estimates.

Revenue

The Company accounts for a contract with a client when it has written approval, the contract is committed, the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified, the contract has commercial substance and consideration is probable of collection.

Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of a promised service or product transfers to a client, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount to which it expects to be entitled using either the expected value or most likely amount method. The Company’s contracts may include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price, including, for example, rebates, volume discounts, service-level penalties and performance bonuses or other forms of variable consideration. In certain rare circumstances, if we grant the customer the right to return a product and receive a full or partial credit or refund of any consideration paid, the Company (i) recognizes revenue for the transferred products in the amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled, (ii) records a refund liability and (iii) recognizes an asset for its right to recover products from customers on settling the refund liability.

The Company only includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Company may not be able to reliably estimate variable consideration in certain long-term arrangements due to uncertainties that are not expected to be resolved for a long period of time or when the Company’s experience with similar types of contracts is limited. Changes in estimates of variable consideration are included in Note 3 – Revenue Recognition.

The Company’s standard billing terms are that payment is due upon receipt of invoice, payable within 30 days. Invoices are generally issued as services are rendered and/or as control transfers, either at monthly or quarterly intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. In some services contracts, the Company bills the client prior to recognizing revenue from performing the services. In these cases, deferred income is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In other services contracts, the Company performs the services prior to billing the client. When the Company performs services prior to billing the client, the right to consideration is typically subject to milestone completion or client acceptance, and the amount is recorded as a contract asset. Contract assets are generally classified as current and are recorded on a net basis with deferred income (i.e., contract liabilities) at the contract level. The Company’s rights to consideration are presented separately depending on whether those rights are conditional or unconditional. Conditional contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Unconditional contract assets (“unbilled accounts receivable”) are included in accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Note 3 – Revenue Recognition for contract assets for the periods presented.

Additionally, in determining the transaction price, the Company would adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the billing terms are not standard and the timing of payments agreed to by the parties to the contract provide the client or the Company with a significant benefit of financing, in which case the contract contains a significant financing component. As a practical expedient, the Company does not account for significant financing components if the period between when the Company transfers the promised product or service to the client and when the client pays for that product or service will beone year or less.

The Company may include subcontractor services or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) hardware and/or OEM software components in certain integrated services arrangements. In these types of arrangements, revenue from sales of OEM hardware and/or OEM software components or services is recorded net of costs when the Company is acting as an agent between the client and the vendor and gross when the Company is the principal for the transaction. To determine whether the Company is an agent or principal, the Company considers whether it obtains control of the products or services before they are transferred to the customer. In making this evaluation, several factors are considered, most notably whether the Company has primary responsibility for fulfillment to the client, as well as inventory risk and pricing discretion.

The Company reports revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

Performance Obligations

The Company’s capabilities as an infrastructure services company include offerings that often encompass multiple types of services and may integrate various OEM hardware and/or OEM software components. When an arrangement contains multiple separate performance obligations, revenue follows the specific revenue recognition policies for each performance obligation, depending on the type of offering. The Company determines if the products or services are distinct and allocates the consideration to each separate performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. When products and services are not distinct, the Company determines an appropriate measure of progress based on the nature of its overall promise for the single performance obligation.

The revenue policies below are applied to each performance obligation, as applicable.

Standalone Selling Price

The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. The standalone selling price (SSP) is the price at which the Company would sell a promised product or service separately to a client. The Company establishes SSP based on management’s estimated selling price or observable prices of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar clients. For OEM hardware and/or OEM software components, the Company is able to establish SSP based on the cost from the vendor. The Company reassesses SSP ranges on a periodic basis or when facts and circumstances change.

In certain instances, the Company may not be able to establish an SSP range based on observable prices and the Company estimates SSP. The Company estimates SSP by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, overall market conditions, including geographic or regional specific factors, competitive positioning, competitor actions, internal costs, profit objectives and pricing practices. Estimating SSP is a formal process that includes review and approval by the Company’s management.

Nature of Products and Services

The Company delivers transformation and secure cloud services capabilities, insights and depth of expertise to modernize and manage IT environments based on its customers’ needs. The Company offers services such as cloud managed services, application hosting and modernization, security and resiliency services, enterprise infrastructure services, digital workplace services, network services and distributed cloud services to support its customers through technological change. Many of these services can be delivered entirely or partially through cloud or as-a-service delivery models. The Company’s services are provided on a time-and-material basis, as a fixed-price contract or as a fixed-price-per-measure-of-output contract, and the contract terms range from less thanone year to over 10 years. The Company typically satisfies the performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time in services arrangements because the client simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as the Company performs the services.

In outsourcing, other managed services, application management and other cloud-based services arrangements, the Company determines whether the services performed during the initial phases of the arrangement, such as setup activities, are distinct. In most cases, the arrangement is a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct

services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). The Company applies a measure of progress (typically time-based) to any fixed consideration and allocates variable consideration to the distinct periods of service based on usage. As a result, revenue is generally recognized over the period the services are provided on a usage basis. This results in revenue recognition that corresponds with the value to the client of the services transferred to date relative to the remaining services promised.

Revenue from time-and-material contracts is recognized on an output basis as labor hours are delivered and/or direct expenses are incurred. Revenue from as-a-service type contracts is recognized either on a straight-line basis or on a usage basis, depending on the terms of the arrangement (such as whether the Company is standing ready to perform or whether the contract has usage-based metrics). If an as-a-service contract includes setup activities, those promises in the arrangement are evaluated to determine if they are distinct.

In design and build arrangements, revenue is recognized based on progress toward completion of the performance obligation using a cost-to-cost measure of progress (e.g., labor costs incurred to date as a percentage of the total estimated labor costs to fulfill the contract). The estimation of cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Changes in original estimates are reflected in revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the circumstances that gave rise to the revision become known by the Company. Refer to Note 3 – Revenue Recognition for the amount of revenue recognized in the reporting period on a cumulative catch-up basis (i.e., from performance obligations satisfied, or partially satisfied, in previous periods).

The Company performs ongoing profitability analyses of its design and build services contracts accounted for using a cost-to-cost measure of progress to determine whether the latest estimates of revenues, costs and profits require updating. If at any time these estimates indicate that the contract will be unprofitable, the entire estimated loss for the remainder of the contract is recorded immediately. For other types of services contracts, any losses are recorded as incurred.

The Company’s services offerings may include the integration and/or sale of OEM hardware and/or software components. Contracts that include hardware and/or software components are evaluated to determine if they are separate performance obligations as discussed in “Performance Obligations” above. For distinct OEM hardware sales, revenue is recognized when control has transferred to the customer, which typically occurs when the hardware has been shipped to the client, risk of loss has transferred to the client and the Company has a present right to payment for the hardware.

Cost of Services

Recurring operating costs for services contracts are recognized as incurred. Certain eligible, nonrecurring costs (i.e., setup costs) incurred in the initial phases of outsourcing contracts and other cloud-based services contracts, are capitalized when the costs relate directly to the contract, the costs generate or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying the performance obligation in the future and the costs are expected to be recovered. These costs consist of transition and setup costs related to the installation of systems and processes and other deferred fulfillment costs, including, for example, prepaid assets used in services contracts (i.e., prepaid software or prepaid maintenance). Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which approximates the pattern of transfer to the client of the services to which the asset relates and includes anticipated contract renewals or extensions. Additionally, fixed assets associated with these contracts are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the expected useful life of the asset and recorded in cost of sales. If an asset is contract-specific and cannot be repurposed, then the depreciation period is the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the contract term. The Company performs periodic reviews to assess the recoverability of deferred contract transition and setup costs. If the carrying amount is deemed not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized. Refer to Note 3 – Revenue Recognition for the deferred costs to fulfill contracts for the periods presented.

In situations in which an outsourcing contract is terminated, the terms of the contract may require the client to reimburse the Company for the recovery of unbilled accounts receivable, unamortized deferred contract costs and additional costs incurred by the Company to transition the services.

Incremental Costs of Obtaining a Contract

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract (e.g., sales commissions) are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the pattern that the assets’ economic benefits are expected to be consumed, over the expected customer relationship period if the Company expects to recover those costs. The expected customer relationship period is determined based on the average customer relationship period, including expected renewals, for each offering type and ranges from three tosix years. Expected renewal periods are only included in the expected customer relationship period if commission amounts paid upon renewal are not commensurate with amounts paid on the initial contract. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract include only those costs the Company incurs to obtain a contract that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained. The Company has determined that certain commissions programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. For contracts shorter than one year, the Company has elected the practical expedient to recognize sales commissions as incurred. Additionally, some commission programs are not subject to capitalization as the revenue for services is received over time and the commission expense is paid and recognized as the related revenue is recognized. Refer to Note 3 – Revenue Recognition for capitalized costs to obtain contracts for the periods presented.

Expense and Other (Income)

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) is charged to income as incurred, except for certain sales commissions, which are capitalized and amortized. For further information regarding capitalizing sales commissions, see “Incremental Costs of Obtaining a Contract” above. Expenses of promoting and selling services are classified as selling expense and, in addition to sales commissions, include such items as compensation, advertising and travel. General and administrative expense includes such items as compensation, legal costs, office supplies, non-income taxes, insurance and office rental. In addition, general and administrative expense includes other operating items such as allowance for credit losses, amortization of certain intangible assets and research, development and engineering (“RD&E”) costs. Total RD&E costs were $49 million, $58 million, and $79 million for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and promotional expense, which includes media, agency and promotional expense directly incurred by the Company was $83 million, $115 million, and $136 million for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Costs related to the initial establishment of the Kyndryl brand are recorded in Transaction-related costs in the Consolidated Income Statement. All other advertising and promotional costs are recorded in SG&A in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Other Expense

Other expense primarily consists of (income) and expense related to certain components of retirement-related costs, including interest costs, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs (credits), curtailments and settlements and other net periodic benefit costs. Also included are gains and losses from foreign currency transactions.

Defined Benefit Pension and Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans

For defined benefit pension plans, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation (PBO), which represents the actuarial present value of benefits expected to be paid upon retirement based on employee services already rendered and estimated future compensation levels. For nonpension postretirement benefit plans, the benefit obligation is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO), which represents the actuarial present value of postretirement benefits attributed to employee services already rendered. The fair value of plan assets represents the current market value of assets held for the benefit of participants. For co-sponsored plans, the fair value of plan assets based on Company contributions, distributions and market returns and the benefit obligation attributed to employees of the Company are allocated to Kyndryl.

Overfunded plans, in which the fair value of plan assets exceeds the benefit obligation, are aggregated, and recorded in pension assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Underfunded plans, in which the benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, are aggregated and the noncurrent portion of this excess is recorded in retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The current portion of the benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets represents the actuarial present value of benefits payable in the next twelve months, measured on a plan-by-plan basis. The current portion of this obligation is recorded in accrued compensation and benefits in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Net periodic benefit cost of defined benefit pension and nonpension postretirement benefit plans is recorded in the Consolidated Income Statement and includes service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs (credits) and actuarial (gains) losses previously recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). The service cost component of net benefit cost is recorded in Cost of services and SG&A in the Consolidated Income Statement (unless eligible for capitalization) based on the employees’ respective functions. The other components of net benefit cost are presented separately from service cost within other expense in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Actuarial (gains) losses and prior service costs (credits) are recognized as a component of OCI in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as they arise. Those actuarial (gains) losses and prior service costs (credits) are subsequently recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost pursuant to the recognition and amortization provisions of applicable accounting guidance. Actuarial (gains) losses arise as a result of differences between actual experience and assumptions or as a result of changes in actuarial assumptions. Prior service costs (credits) represent the cost of benefit changes attributable to prior service granted in plan amendments.

The measurement of benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost is based on estimates and assumptions approved by the Company’s management. These valuations reflect the terms of the plans and use participant-specific information such as compensation, age and years of service, as well as certain assumptions, including estimates of discount rates, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increases, interest crediting rates and mortality rates.

The Company participates in non-U.S. multi-employer pension plans and makes required contributions to those plans, which are recorded in Cost of services and SG&A in the Consolidated Income Statement based on the employees’ respective functions.

Defined Contribution Plans

Prior to the Separation, the former Parent offered various defined contribution plans for U.S. and non-U.S. employees. In September 2021, in preparation for the Separation, Kyndryl established standalone defined contribution plans, and employees identified as Kyndryl employees were enrolled into these plans. Contribution expense associated with employer matching benefits is recorded when the employee renders service to the Company. The charge is recorded in Cost of services and SG&A in the Consolidated Income Statement based on the employees’ respective functions.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to employees under Kyndryl’s stock-based compensation plan (the “Kyndryl Plan”). The Company establishes stock-based compensation values at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognizes the cost on a straight-line basis (net of actual forfeitures) over the requisite employee service period. Kyndryl grants the Company’s employees Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), market-conditioned stock units, performance-conditioned stock units and stock options. RSUs are stock units granted to employees that entitle the holder to shares of Kyndryl common stock as the award vests, typically over aone- tofour-year period. Market-conditioned stock units are granted to employees with vesting conditions based on the Company’s achievement of a market condition and are cliff vested at the end of thethree-year service period. Performance-conditioned stock units are granted to employees with vesting conditions based on the attainment of operational targets (e.g., signings and free cash flows) and are cliff vested at the end of thethree-year performance period. Stock options are vested over aone- tofour-year period and have aten-year contractual term.

As of March 31, 2025,47.9 million shares of common stock have been approved to be granted to employees under the Kyndryl Plan. Dividend equivalents are not paid on the stock-based awards described above.

The fair value of the RSUs is determined on the grant date based on Kyndryl’s stock price, adjusted for the exclusion of dividend equivalents where applicable. The fair value of market-conditioned stock units is determined on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model which estimates the probability of satisfying market conditions. The fair value of the performance-conditioned stock units is determined on the grant date based on Kyndryl’s stock price and subsequently adjusted based upon the probability of attainment. The fair value of stock options is determined on the grant date using a Black-Scholes model. Stock-based compensation cost is recorded in Cost of services and SG&A in the Consolidated Income Statement based upon the employees’ respective functions.

The Company records deferred tax assets for awards that result in tax deductions in the consolidated financial statements calculated based on the amount of compensation cost recognized and the relevant statutory tax rates. The differences between the deferred tax assets recognized for financial reporting purposes and the actual tax deduction reported on the income tax return are recorded as a benefit or expense to the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments that qualify for hedge accounting are designated as either cash flow hedges or net investment hedges. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that economically hedge certain risks, even when hedge accounting does not apply, or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value on a gross basis as either assets or liabilities and classified as current or noncurrent based upon the timing of the instrument’s expected cash flows.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded, net of applicable taxes, in OCI and subsequently reclassified into the same income statement line item as the hedged exposure when the underlying hedged item is recognized in earnings. Derivatives designated as net investment hedges are accounted for using the spot method, with changes in the fair value of the derivatives attributable to changes in spot rates recorded within foreign currency translation adjustments (“CTA”) as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and remaining there until the hedged net investments are sold or substantially liquidated. The changes in the fair value of the derivatives that are attributable to changes in the difference between the forward rate and spot rate are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The changes in fair value that are attributable to the excluded components are initially recorded in CTA and then recognized in interest expense on the Consolidated Income Statement over the life of the derivative instruments. Changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges are reported in other expense in the Consolidated Income Statement. See Note 7 – Financial Assets and Liabilities for further information.

The cash flows associated with derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are reported as cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Cash flows from derivatives designated as net investment hedges are reported as cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, except for cash flows from the periodic interest settlements of cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as net investment hedges, which are reported as cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Cash flows from derivatives not designated as hedges are reported as cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

Translation of Non-U.S. Currency Amounts

Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries that have a local functional currency are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Translation adjustments are recorded in OCI. Income and expense items are translated at weighted-average rates of exchange prevailing during the year.

Property and equipment, deferred income and other non-monetary assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries and branches that operate in U.S. dollars are translated at the approximate exchange rates prevailing when the Company acquired the assets or liabilities. All other assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars are translated at year-end exchange rates with the transaction gain or loss recognized in other expense. Income and expense items are translated at the weighted-average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. These translation gains and losses are included in net income for the period in which exchange rates change.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less on the date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Current Expected Credit Losses

The Company classifies the right to consideration in exchange for products or services transferred to a client as a receivable. Receivables are recorded concurrent with billing and delivery of a service to customers. An allowance for uncollectible receivables and contract assets, if needed, is estimated based on specific customer situations, current and future expected economic conditions and past experiences of losses, as well as an assessment of potential recoverability of the balance due.

Receivable losses are charged against the allowance in the period in which the receivable is deemed uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Write-offs of receivables and associated reserves occur to the extent that the customer is no longer in operation and/or there is no reasonable expectation of additional collections or repossession.

Transfers of Financial Assets

The Company has entered into arrangements with third-party financial institutions to sell certain financial assets (primarily trade receivables) without recourse. The Company has determined these are true sales. The carrying value of the financial asset sold is derecognized, and a net gain or loss on the sale is recognized, at the time of the transfer. The first agreement, which was executed in November 2021 and subsequently amended, enabled us to sell certain of our trade receivables to the counterparty. The initial term of this agreement was 18 months, and the agreement automatically resets to a term of 18 months after everysix months, unless either party elects not to extend. This agreement was further amended during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 to reduce the committed facility limit from$1 billion to$600 million and to add an incremental uncommitted facility limit of$200 million that is subject to the counterparty’s sole discretion to purchase such incremental amounts. The second agreement was executed in June 2022 with a separate third-party financial institution and renews automatically on its anniversary date, unless either party elects not to extend.

The net proceeds from these arrangements are reflected as cash provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Gross proceeds from receivables sold to third parties were $3.2 billion, $3.6 billion, and $3.1 billion for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fees associated with the transfers of receivables were $38 million, $49 million, and $47 million for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fair Value Measurement

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date. All methods of assessing fair value result in a general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company classifies certain assets and liabilities based on the following fair value hierarchy:

The level of an asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The determination of fair value considers various factors including yield curves and time value underlying the financial instruments. For derivatives and debt securities, the Company uses a discounted cash flow analysis using discount rates commensurate with the duration of the instrument.

In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the Company considers certain market valuation adjustments to the “base valuations” using the methodologies described below for several parameters that market participants would consider in determining fair value:

Certain non-financial assets such as property, plant and equipment, operating right-of-use assets, land, goodwill and intangible assets are recorded at fair value or at cost, as appropriate, in the period they are initially recognized, and such balances may be adjusted in subsequent periods if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the asset may be impaired. The impairment models used for non-financial assets depend on the type of asset. The fair value measurements, in such instances, would be classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Supplier Financing Program

In the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company initiated a supplier financing program with a third-party financial institution under which the Company agrees to pay the financial institution the stated amounts of invoices from participating suppliers on the originally invoiced due date, which have an average term of 90 to 120 days. The financial institution offers earlier payment of the invoices at the sole discretion of the supplier for a discounted amount. The Company does not provide secured legal assets or other forms of guarantees under the arrangements. The Company is not a party to the arrangement between its suppliers and the financial institution. The Company or the financial institution may terminate the agreement upon at least 180 days’ notice. The Company’s obligations under this program continue to be recognized as accounts payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The obligations outstanding under this program at March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 were immaterial.

Leases

When procuring goods or services, the Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at its inception. As part of that evaluation, the Company considers whether there is an implicitly or explicitly identified asset in the arrangement and whether the Company, as the lessee, has the right to control the use of that asset. Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases.

The Company recognized right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and associated lease liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet for leases with a term of more than twelve months when a majority percentage of utilization was attributed to the Company. As an implicit rate of return is not readily determinable in transactions where the Company is the lessee, an incremental borrowing rate is used in determining the present value of lease payments, calculated based on information available at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset equals the lease liability adjusted for any initial direct costs, prepaid rent and lease incentives. The Company’s variable lease payments generally relate to payments tied to various indexes, non-lease components and payments above a contractual minimum fixed amount.

Operating leases are included in operating right-of-use assets net, operating lease liabilities (current and non-current) in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The lease term includes options toextend orterminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

The Company made a policy election to not recognize leases with a lease term of twelve months or less in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

For all asset classes, the Company has elected the lessee practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components (e.g., maintenance services) and account for the combined unit as a single lease component. A significant portion of the Company’s lease portfolio is real estate leases, which are mainly accounted for as operating leases and are primarily used for corporate offices and data centers. The average term of the real estate leases is approximately five years. The Company also has equipment leases, such as for IT equipment and vehicles, which have lease terms that range fromtwo tofive years. For certain of these operating and finance leases, the Company applies a portfolio approach to account for the lease assets and lease liabilities.

Intangible Assets Including Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. The primary drivers that generate goodwill are the value of synergies between the acquired entities and the Company and the acquired assembled workforce, neither of which qualifies as a separately identifiable intangible asset. Goodwill recorded in an acquisition is assigned to applicable reporting units based on expected revenues or expected cash flows. Goodwill inherited from the former Parent pre-Separation represents the historical goodwill balances in the former Parent’s managed infrastructure services business arising from acquisitions specific to the Company. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives, which approximates the pattern that the assets’ economic benefits are expected to be consumed over time. Amortization of completed technology is recorded in cost of services, and amortization of all other intangible assets is recorded in SG&A in the Consolidated Income Statement. All costs related to internally developed computer software during the preliminary project stage and post-implementation operation stage are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during application development stage are capitalized and included in intangibles and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software.

Impairment

Long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The impairment test is based on undiscounted cash flows and, if impaired, the asset is written down to fair value based on either discounted cash flows or appraised values. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually and whenever changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may exist. The goodwill impairment test is performed at the reporting unit level, which aligns with our operating segments. Impairment charges related to long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill, if any, are recorded as impairment expense in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Transaction-Related Costs

The Company classifies certain expenses and benefits related to the Separation, acquisitions and divestitures as “transaction-related costs (benefits)” in the Consolidated Income Statement. Transaction-related costs include gains or

losses, employee retention expenses, information technology costs, marketing expenses to establish the Kyndryl brand, legal, accounting, consulting and other professional service costs, costs and benefits resulting from settlements with our former Parent associated with pre-Separation and Separation-related matters, and other costs related to contract and supplier novation and integration, associated with acquisitions, divestitures or the Separation.

Workforce Rebalancing and Site-Rationalization Charges

The Company has incurred workforce rebalancing charges, charges related to ceasing to use leased and owned fixed assets and charges related to lease terminations. We record a liability for employee termination benefits either when it is probable that an employee is entitled to it and the amount of the benefits can be reasonably estimated or when management has communicated the termination plan to employees. Workforce rebalancing charges are recorded as a separate line on the Consolidated Income Statement. Charges related to ceasing to use leased assets and owned fixed assets and charges related to lease terminations are recognized as cost of services or selling, general and administrative expenses based on our classification policy for each category. Refer to Note 19 – Workforce Rebalancing and Site-Rationalization Charges for details of this program.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, or in the case of acquired property and equipment, at fair value at the date of the acquisition. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, whereas expenditures that extend the life or increase the functionality of the asset are capitalized as additions to property and equipment. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in the determination of net income or loss.

In March 2024, the Company completed its assessment of the useful lives of its information technology equipment. Based on our usage experience and data analysis, the Company determined it should increase the estimated useful lives of its information technology equipment from five tosix years. This change in accounting estimate became effective on April 1, 2024. Based on the carrying amount of information technology equipment included in property and equipment, net as of March 31, 2024, the effect of this change in estimate was a reduction in depreciation expense and an improvement of income before income taxes of approximately $180 million, or $0.80 before income taxes per basic share and $0.77 before income taxes per diluted share, for the year ended March 31, 2025.

We compute depreciation expense on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

• Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related lease term, rarely exceeding 10 years.

† Extended from five tosix years effective April 1, 2024.

Environmental

The costs of internal environmental protection programs that are preventative in nature are expensed as incurred. When a cleanup program becomes likely and it is probable that the Company will incur cleanup costs and those costs can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues remediation costs for known environmental liabilities.

Income Taxes

Income tax provisions are calculated based on Kyndryl’s operating footprint, as well as tax return elections and assertions. Liabilities related to unrecognized tax benefits for which the Company is liable are reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheet based upon tax authorities’ ability to assert the Company may be the primary obligor for historical taxes, among other factors.

Income tax expense is based on reported income before income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effect of temporary differences between asset and liability amounts that are recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts that are recognized for income tax purposes. These deferred taxes are measured by applying currently enacted tax laws. U.S. tax reform introduced Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”), which subjects a U.S. shareholder to current tax on income earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. GAAP allows companies to either (i) recognize deferred taxes for temporary differences that are expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or (ii) account for taxes on GILTI as period costs in the year the tax is incurred. The Company has elected to recognize GILTI impact in the specific period in which it occurs.

Valuation allowances are recognized to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, management considers all available evidence for each jurisdiction including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies and actions. When there is a change in the determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.

The Company recognizes additional tax liabilities when the Company believes that certain positions may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities. Benefits from tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The noncurrent portion of tax liabilities is included in other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. To the extent that new information becomes available which causes the Company to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of existing tax liabilities, such changes to tax liabilities will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. Interest and penalties, if any, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are included in income tax expense.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period and potentially dilutive securities, including restricted stock units, performance-conditioned awards, market-conditioned awards, and stock options using the treasury stock method. Refer to Note 6 – Earnings per Share for a reconciliation as well as Note 16 – Stock-based Compensation for further discussion on awards.

NOTE 2. ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Standards Implemented

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07,Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosures, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance should be applied retrospectively, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the guidance for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. For additional information, see Note 4 – Segments.

Recent Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which is intended to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures through improved reporting related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected not to early adopt this ASU and is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the disclosures in its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to improve the usefulness of expense information contained in public entity income statements through the disaggregation of relevant expense captions in the notes to the financial statements. The guidance should be applied prospectively, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the disclosures in its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03,Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity, which amends the guidance for determining the accounting acquirer in certain transactions. The guidance should be applied prospectively, effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Companyhas evaluated the impact of the guidance and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company views its segment results to be the best view of disaggregated revenue. Refer to Note 4 – Segments.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The remaining performance obligation (“RPO”) represents the aggregate amount of contractual deliverables yet to be recognized as revenue at the end of the reporting period. It is intended to be a statement of overall work under contract that has not yet been performed and does not include contracts in which the customer is not committed. The customer is not considered committed when it is able to terminate for convenience without payment of a substantive penalty. The RPO also includes estimates of variable consideration. RPO estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic revalidations, adjustments for revenue that has not materialized and adjustments for currency.

At March 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of RPO related to customer contracts that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $34.7 billion. Approximately 57 percent of the amount is expected to be recognized as revenue in the nexttwo years, approximately 37 percent in the subsequent three years, and the balance thereafter.

Revenue Recognized for Performance Obligations Satisfied (or Partially Satisfied) in Prior Periods

For the year ended March 31, 2025, revenue increased by $59 million for performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, mainly due to changes in estimates.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about accounts receivable, contract assets and deferred income balances:

The amount of revenue recognized during the year ended March 31, 2025 that was included within the deferred income balance at March 31, 2024 was $754 million.

The following table provides roll-forwards of the accounts receivable allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

*Primarily represents translation adjustments.

The contract assets allowance for expected credit losses was not material in any of the periods presented.

Major Clients

No single client represented more than 10 percent of the Company’s total revenue during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. No single client represented more than 10 percent of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2025. Other than receivables with the former Parent, no single client represented more than 10 percent of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2024.

Deferred Costs

The following table provides amounts of capitalized costs to acquire and fulfill customer contracts at March 31, 2025 and 2024:

• Of the total deferred costs,$1,009 million was current and $1,040 million was noncurrent at March 31, 2025, and $1,081 million was current and $920 million was noncurrent at March 31, 2024.

The amount of total deferred costs amortized during the year ended March 31, 2025 was $1.7 billion, composed of $291 million of amortization of deferred transition costs, $986 million of amortization of prepaid software and $420 million of amortization of capitalized contract costs. The amount of total deferred costs amortized during the year ended March 31, 2024 was $1.8 billion, composed of $335 million of amortization of deferred transition costs, $921 million of amortization of prepaid software and $531 million of amortization of capitalized contract costs. The amount of total deferred costs amortized during the year ended March 31, 2023 was $1.7 billion, composed of $342 million of amortization of deferred transition costs, $857 million of amortization of prepaid software and $472 million of amortization of capitalized contract costs. There were no material impairment losses incurred in any period. Refer to Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on deferred costs to fulfill a contract and capitalized costs of obtaining a contract.

NOTE 4. SEGMENTS

Our reportable segments correspond to how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), our chief executive officer, reviews performance and allocates resources. Ourfour reportable segments consist of the following:

United States: This reportable segment is comprised of Kyndryl’s operations in the United States.

Japan: This reportable segment is comprised of Kyndryl’s operations in Japan.

Principal Markets: This reportable segment represents the aggregation of our operations in Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Spain / Portugal, and the United Kingdom / Ireland.

Strategic Markets: This reportable segment is comprised of our operations in all other countries in which we operate.

The Company made a minor change to its geographic reportable segments effective June 1, 2024 to reflect how the Company manages its operations and measures business performance, transitioning the reporting and management of its operations in Australia/New Zealand from the Principal Markets segment to the Strategic Markets segment. All historical segment information has been recast to reflect this change.

The measure of segment operating performance used by Kyndryl’s CODM is adjusted EBITDA, which allows our CODM to evaluate operating results excluding certain items whose fluctuation from period to period do not necessarily correspond to changes in the operations of our business. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) excluding income taxes, interest expense, depreciation and amortization (excluding depreciation of right-of-use assets and amortization of capitalized contract costs), charges related to ceasing to use leased and owned fixed assets, charges related to lease terminations, transaction-related costs and benefits, pension expenses other than pension servicing costs and multi-employer plan costs, stock-based compensation expense, workforce rebalancing charges incurred prior to March 31, 2024, impairment expense, significant litigation costs and benefits, and currency impacts of highly

inflationary countries. The CODM reviews budget-to-actual variances of revenue and adjusted EBITDA to assess performance and allocate resources to the segments.

Our geographic markets frequently work together to sell and implement certain contracts. The resulting revenues and costs from these contracts may be apportioned among the participating geographic markets. The economic environment and its effects on the industries served by our geographic markets affect revenues and operating expenses within our geographic markets to differing degrees. Currency fluctuations also tend to affect our geographic markets differently, depending on the geographic concentrations and locations of their businesses.

The following tables reflect the results of the Company’s segments:

• Cost of service, excluding depreciation and amortization and selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding depreciation and

amortization are both used in calculating segment adjusted EBITDA and exclude depreciation of property, equipment and capitalized software

and amortization of transition costs and prepaid software.

† Other items include workforce rebalancing charges incurred subsequent to March 31, 2024 and other expense.

The following table reconciles segment adjusted EBITDA to consolidated pretax income (loss):

• Other adjustments represent pension expenses other than pension servicing costs and multi-employer plan costs, significant litigation costs and benefits, and currency impacts of highly inflationary countries. For the year ended March 31, 2024, other adjustments also included an adjustment to reduce amortization expense for the amount already included in transaction-related (costs) benefits above.

Segment Assets and Other Items

The Company does not allocate assets to the above reportable segments for our CODM’s review.

Geographic Information

The following tables provide information for those countries that represent 10 percent or more of the specific category. Refer to Note 8 – Property and Equipment and Note 9 – Leases for more information on allocation methodologies.

• Includes corporate and other.

NOTE 5. TAXES

Income (loss) before income taxes by geography was as follows:

The components of the provision for income taxes by taxing jurisdiction were as follows:

A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations was as follows:

The provision for income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2025 was $184 million as compared to $172 million for the year ended March 31, 2024. The increase in income tax expense was primarily driven by an increase in pretax book income. The provision for income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2024 was $172 million as compared to $524 million for the year ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily driven by valuation allowances established in fiscal year 2023, changes in uncertain tax positions during fiscal year 2024 as a result of audit settlements and statutes of limitations lapsing, offset by increases in taxes on foreign operations.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended March 31, 2025 was higher than the Company’s statutory tax rate primarily due to the Company’s pretax income in fiscal year 2025, compared to a pretax loss in fiscal year 2024. The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended March 31, 2024 was lower (more negative) than the Company’s statutory tax rate primarily due to the Company’s pretax loss being significantly lower in fiscal year 2024 and current year losses not benefitted due to the existing valuation allowances. The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended March 31, 2023 was lower than the Company’s statutory tax rate primarily due to changes in valuation allowances, taxes on foreign operations and uncertain tax positions. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Pillar Two rules, effective beginning in fiscal year 2025, did not significantly affect the Company’s tax rate or cash flows for the year ending March 31, 2025.

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred taxes were as follows:

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had tax-affected U.S. and foreign net operating loss/credit carryforwards deferred tax assets of $520 million and $75 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had tax-affected U.S. and foreign net operating loss/credit carryforwards deferred tax assets of $441 million and $66 million, respectively. If not utilized, the U.S. state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2026. The U.S. federal net operating losses incurred post 2017 can be carried forward indefinitely. Certain of our acquired U.S. net operating losses and general business credits are subject to limitations under IRC Section 382 and will begin to expire in 2029.

The valuation allowances as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $749 million and $748 million, respectively. The increase in valuation allowances from March 31, 2024 to March 31, 2025 was $1 million. The change in valuation allowances primarily reflects an increase in the U.S. due to current-year tax credit carryforwards generated and the impact of purchase accounting related to acquired net operating losses, which are not more likely than not to be realized. This increase was partially offset by the release and reduction in the valuation allowance for certain foreign jurisdictions resulting from the reversal of deductible temporary differences. Estimates of future taxable income could change, perhaps materially, which may require us to revise our assessment of the recoverability of the deferred tax asset at that time.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:

Liabilities related to unrecognized tax benefits for which the Company is liable are reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheet based upon tax authorities’ ability to assert the Company may be the primary obligor for historical taxes, among other factors.

With limited exceptions, the Company is generally subject to income tax audits for tax years subsequent to September 1, 2021, or post-Separation, including in the U.S., Germany, Japan and Spain. Pursuant to the terms of the Separation, any tax liabilities attributable to the tax period (or portion thereof) ending on or before November 3, 2021, are generally not the Company’s liability. As of March 31, 2025, the Company is not aware of any material open income tax audits that would result in a liability owed by the Company. The Company does not expect a significant increase or decrease in unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. The net amount of $168 million unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective tax rate. Interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities are included in income tax expense. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $12.5 million in interest expense and penalties. The Company had $4 million for interest and penalties accrued at March 31, 2024.

Pursuant to the terms of the Separation, there were certain tax refunds related to estimated tax payments and refundable value-added taxes for which we would have been required to reimburse our former Parent as the refunds were received, as well as certain tax benefits related to net operating losses that were transferred to the Company for which we would have been required to pay to our former Parent as the tax benefits were realized. In addition, our former Parent had obligations to indemnify the Company for tax liabilities attributable to tax periods (or portions thereof) ending on or before November 3, 2021. During fiscal year 2025, an agreement was executed with our former Parent that resolved both parties’ obligations related to the Separation. The agreement did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s undistributed earnings from certain non-U.S. subsidiaries were not indefinitely reinvested. Accordingly, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability of $4 million for the estimated taxes associated with the repatriation of these earnings. The Company intends to repatriate certain foreign earnings that have been taxed in the U.S. and undistributed earnings to the extent the foreign earnings are not restricted by local laws and can be accessed in a cost-effective manner.

NOTE 6. EARNINGS PER SHARE

We didnot declare any stock dividends in the periods presented. The following table provides the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

For the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the number of shares on which basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated was the same as a result of the net loss incurred in the period. The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive:

NOTE 7. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The gross balances of derivative assets, including accrued interest, are contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other noncurrent assets, and the gross balances of derivative liabilities are contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, or other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company may enter into master netting agreements with certain counterparties that allow for netting of exposures. There wasno netting

of derivative assets against liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company manages counterparty risk by seeking counterparties of high credit quality and by monitoring credit ratings, credit spreads and other relevant public information about its counterparties. The Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of the counterparties.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

Accounts receivable are financial assets with carrying values that approximate fair value. Accounts payable, other accrued expenses and short-term debt are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate fair value. If measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements, these financial instruments would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, except for short-term debt, which would be classified as Level 2.

The Company also has time deposits that have maturities of 90 days or less, and their carrying values approximate fair value. They are measured for impairment on a recurring basis by comparing their fair value with their amortized cost basis. There wereno impairments of financial assets recognized for any of the periods presented. The balance of these time deposits with maturities of 90 days or less contained within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $765 million and $828 million, respectively. If measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements, time deposits with maturities of 90 days or less would be categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of our outstanding debt (excluding finance lease obligations) is based on various methodologies, including quoted prices in active markets for identical debt instruments, which is a Level 1 measurement, or calculated fair value using an expected present value technique that uses rates currently available to the Company for debt in active markets with similar terms and remaining maturities, which is a Level 2 measurement. See Note 12 – Borrowings for additional information. Our outstanding debt (excluding finance lease obligations) had a carrying value of $2.9 billion and $2.9 billion as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The debt had an estimated fair value of $2.7 billion and $2.6 billion as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table summarizes the notional amounts of the Company’s outstanding derivatives:

The notional amounts of derivative instruments do not necessarily represent the amounts exchanged by the Company with third parties and are not necessarily a direct measure of the financial exposure.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company has foreign exchange derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges to manage the volatility of cash flows that relate to operating expenses denominated in certain currencies. At March 31, 2025, the maximum remaining length of time over which the Company has hedged its exposures is approximatelyone year. At March 31, 2025 and 2024, the weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments was approximately 0.5 years.

At March 31, 2025 and 2024, in connection with cash flow hedges of foreign currency cost transactions, the Company had unrealized losses of $1 million and unrealized gains of $2 million (each before taxes), respectively, in AOCI. The Company estimates that $1 million (before taxes) of deferred net losses on derivatives in AOCI at March 31, 2025 will be reclassified to net income within the next twelve months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying anticipated transactions.

Net Investment Hedges

The Company has entered into and designated cross-currency interest rate swap contractsand currency forward contracts as net investment hedges to mitigate foreign exchange exposure related to net investments. Under the terms of the cross-currency swaps, the Company makes fixed-rate payments in foreign currencies and receives fixed-rate amounts in U.S. dollars, with the exchange of the underlying notional amounts at maturity whereby the Company will receive U.S. dollars and pay foreign currencies at exchange rates which are determined at contract inception. Under the terms of the currency forward contracts, the Company commits to sell the local currency of certain subsidiaries in exchange for U.S. dollars at specified forward rates. At March 31, 2025, the maximum remaining length of time over which the Company has hedged its exposure is approximately nine years. At March 31, 2025 and 2024, the weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments was approximately three andten years, respectively. At March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had unrealized losses of $6 million and unrealized losses of $11 million (each before taxes), respectively, in AOCI related to net investment hedges.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company enters into currency forward and swap contracts to hedge exposures related to assets and liabilities across its subsidiaries. The terms of these contracts are generally less thanone year.

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Income Statement

The effects of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Income Statement and Other Comprehensive Income are as follows:

For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, there wereno gains or losses excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges, or associated with an underlying exposure that did not or was

not expected to occur, nor are there any anticipated in the normal course of business. There wereno net investment hedges in the year ended March 31, 2023.

The effects of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Income Statement are as follows:

N****OTE 8. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The following table presents the balances of property and equipment by type:

The unpaid property and equipment balance included in accounts payable and accrued expenses was $45 million and $29 million at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Depreciation of property and equipment was $618 million, $801 million, and $900 million for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, as part of the site-rationalization program, the Company recognized $8 million, $21 million and $7 million of accelerated depreciation related to ceasing to use certain owned fixed assets for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 19 – Workforce Rebalancing and Site-Rationalization Charges for additional details.

NOTE 9. LEASES

The following table presents the various components of lease costs:

During the fiscal years of 2025, 2024 and 2023, we identified and ceased use of certain operating right-of-use assets that were inherited from the former Parent at Separation. We determined that we will no longer receive economic benefits from these leased properties and do not have the intent or practical ability to sublease or sell them. Accordingly, we recorded accelerated depreciation in the amount of $39 million, $14 million and $69 million (representing the remaining carrying value of the identified right-of-use assets, not included in the operating lease costs in the table above) for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 19 – Workforce Rebalancing and Site-Rationalization Charges for details of this program.

The Company hadno sale and leaseback transactions for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents supplemental information relating to the cash flows arising from lease transactions. Cash payments related to variable lease costs and short-term leases are not included in the measurement of operating and finance lease liabilities and, as such, are excluded from the amounts below.

The following table presents the weighted-average lease term and discount rate for finance and operating leases:

The following table presents a maturity analysis of expected undiscounted cash flows for operating and finance leases on an annual basis for the next five years and thereafter.

• Imputed interest represents the difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows.

The following table presents the total amount of finance leases recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:

NOTE 10. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

Acquisition of Skytap

In April 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Skytap, Inc. (“Skytap”), a leading specialized workload services provider, by acquiring all outstanding equity interests of Skytap in exchange for cash consideration. The acquisition of Skytap was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805,Business

Combinations. Our financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2025 reflect the assets, liabilities, operating results and cash flows of Skytap, commencing from the acquisition date. The Company acquired Skytap for cash consideration of approximately $45 million, net of cash acquired of $4 million. Costs associated with this acquisition were immaterial. Pro forma financial information has not been presented, as revenue and expenses related to the acquisition do not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The acquisition of Skytap expands the Company’s hybrid cloud services portfolio. The final purchase price allocation resulted in approximately $43 million in intangible assets, primarily consisting of $13 million in completed technologies and $30 million in customer relationships with estimated useful lives offive andeight years, respectively, assets transferred of $24 million (inclusive of cash acquired of $4 million), liabilities assumed of $29 million, and goodwill of $11 million, primarily attributable to synergies expected to arise from this acquisition. We do not expect the goodwill to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Since the completion of the acquisition, the Company has made immaterial adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation impacting the valuation of goodwill and assets transferred.

Disposal of the Securities Industry Services (“SIS”) Platform in Canada

During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed the sale of its transaction processing platform for securities brokerage industry services in Canada (which is a component of the Company’s Principal Markets segment), for approximately $185 million in cash. In connection with the sale, the Company recognized a$145 million pretax gain, which was recorded within transaction-related costs (benefits) on the Consolidated Income Statement. This disposition is not accounted for as discontinued operations as it does not meet the relevant criteria. The carrying value of the net assets sold was not material.

NOTE 11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS INCLUDING GOODWILL

Intangible Assets

The following tables present the Company’s intangible asset balances by major asset class:

• Amounts include effects from foreign currency translation.

There wasno impairment of identifiable intangible assets recorded in the periods reported. The net carrying amount of intangible assets increased by $29 million during the year ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to additions of capitalized software, partially offset by amortization. The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense was $72 million, $63 million, and $46 million for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Aggregate amortization expense in fiscal year 2025 included amortization of capitalized software of $42 million, which was reported in “Depreciation of property, equipment and capitalized software” on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company retired approximately $75 million of fully amortized intangible assets, primarily related to customer relationships.

The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was estimated to be the following at March 31, 2025:

Goodwill

The following table presents a roll-forward of goodwill balances by segment for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

As discussed in Note 4 – Segments, Kyndryl’s operations in Australia/New Zealand transitioned from the Principal Markets segment to the Strategic Markets segment in the quarter ended June 30, 2024. As a result, the Company reallocated the goodwill associated with Australia/New Zealand from the Principal Markets segment to the Strategic Markets segment. The Company also performed a qualitative impairment test immediately before and after the change in reporting units and determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units is less than their carrying amounts, including goodwill. Accordingly, the Company concluded that the goodwill related to those reporting units was not impaired.

Management reviews goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable by first assessing qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that fair value is less than carrying value.

We conducted an impairment assessment as of January 1, 2025. After evaluating and weighing all relevant qualitative factors, the Company concluded that it is unlikely that the fair value of any of its reporting units is less than its carrying amount as of the date of the assessment. Accordingly, there wereno goodwill impairment losses recorded for the year ended March 31, 2025. Cumulatively, the Company has recorded $469 million in goodwill impairment charges within its former EMEA ($293 million) and current United States ($176 million) reporting units, all of which occurred immediately following the Separation.

NOTE 12. BORROWINGS

Debt

The following table presents the components of our debt:

• Including the cross-currency swaps that the Company entered into subsequent to the issuance of the unsecured senior notes due 2034, the effective interest rate on such notes was approximately 3.84% at the time of issuance. For more information, see Note 7 – Financial Assets and Liabilities.

† Weighted-average discount rate

Contractual obligations of long-term debt outstanding at March 31, 2025, exclusive of finance lease obligations, were as follows:

• Contractual obligations approximate scheduled repayments.

Senior Unsecured Notes

In October 2021, in preparation for our Spin-off, we completed the offering of $2.4 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured fixed-rate notes as follows: $700 million aggregate principal amount of 2.05% Senior Notes due 2026, $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.70% Senior Notes due 2028, $650 million aggregate principal amount of 3.15% Senior Notes due 2031 and $550 million aggregate principal amount of 4.10% Senior Notes due 2041 (the “Initial Notes”). The Initial Notes were offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to non-U.S. persons in reliance on Regulation S of the Securities Act. In connection with the issuance of the Initial Notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the purchasers of the Initial Notes, pursuant to which we completed a registered offering to exchange each series of Initial Notes for new notes with substantially identical terms during the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

In February 2024, we completed a registered offering of $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.35% senior unsecured notes due 2034 (the “2034 Notes”). We received proceeds of $494 million, net of debt issuance costs

and discounts. The 2034 Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. If measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements, all of the Company’s senior unsecured notes would be classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Initial Notes and the 2034 Notes are subject to customary affirmative covenants, negative covenants and events of default for financings of this type and are redeemable at our option in a customary manner.

Revolving Credit Agreement

In October 2021, we entered into a $3.15 billion multi-currency revolving credit agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”), which expires, unless extended, in October 2026. The Revolving Credit Agreement was amended in June 2023, replacing the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In March 2025, we further amended the agreement, extending the maturity to March 2030. Interest rates on borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement will be based on prevailing market interest rates, plus a margin, as further described in the Revolving Credit Agreement.

The total facility fees recorded by the Company for the Revolving Credit Agreement were $5 million and $5 million for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, there has beenno drawdown on the Revolving Credit Agreement.

The Revolving Credit Agreement includes certain customary mandatory prepayment provisions. In addition, it includes customary events of default and affirmative and negative covenants as well as a maintenance covenant that will require that the ratio of our indebtedness for borrowed money to consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) for any period offour consecutive fiscal quarters be no greater than 3.50 to 1.00. The Company is in compliance with its debt covenants.

Loan Agreement

The commercial loan agreement contains covenants, primarily for compliance with the scheduled payments in the loan agreement. Failure to comply with the loan covenants could constitute an event of default and result in the immediate repayment of the principal and interest on the loan. The Company is in compliance with all of the loan covenants and is expected to maintain a credit rating at or above the level outlined in the loan agreement. The carrying amount of the loan approximates fair value and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 13. OTHER LIABILITIES

The following table provides the components of other liabilities at March 31, 2025 and 2024.

In response to changing business needs, the Company has taken workforce rebalancing actions to increase productivity, enhance cost-competitiveness and rebalance skills. The workforce rebalancing liabilities at March 31, 2025 and 2024 include liabilities inherited from our former Parent plus new actions taken by Kyndryl during the fiscal year. Refer to Note 19 – Workforce Rebalancing and Site-Rationalization Charges for details.

Pursuant to the terms of the Separation, the Company may be required to reimburse our former Parent for certain tax refunds we receive and to indemnify our former Parent for certain tax payments. For more information, see Note 5 – Taxes.

NOTE 14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company guarantees certain loans and financial commitments. The maximum potential future payment under these financial guarantees and the fair value of these guarantees recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2025 and 2024 were not material. Additionally, the Company has contractual commitments that are noncancellable with certain software, hardware and cloud partners used in the delivery of services to customers. The Company has determined that these commitments may exceed the Company’s needs over the nexttwo tothree years. If the Company is unable to satisfy, reduce or amend its contractual commitments, it will record the future charges for any payments related to excess commitments as cost of services. At March 31, 2025, we had short-term (April 2025 through March 2026), mid-term (April 2026 through March 2028) and long-term (April 2028 onward) purchase commitments in the amount of $0.2 billion, $0.6 billion and $0.1 billion, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2025, contractual commitments decreased due to satisfaction of existing commitments outpacing new additions.

As a Fortune 500 company with customers and employees around the world, Kyndryl is subject to, or could become subject to, either as plaintiff or defendant, a variety of contingencies, including claims, demands and suits, investigations, tax matters and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. Given the rapidly evolving external landscape of cybersecurity, privacy and data protection laws, regulations and threat actors, the Company or its clients could become subject to actions or proceedings in various jurisdictions. Also, as is typical for companies of Kyndryl’s scope and scale, the Company is subject to, or could become subject to, actions and proceedings in various jurisdictions involving a wide range of labor and employment issues (including matters related to contested employment decisions, country-specific labor and employment laws, and the Company’s benefit plans), as well as actions with respect to contracts, securities, foreign operations, competition law and environmental matters. These actions may be commenced by a number of different parties, including competitors, clients, employees, government and regulatory agencies, stockholders and representatives of the locations in which the Company does business. Some of the actions to which the Company is, or may become, party may involve particularly complex technical issues, and some actions may raise novel questions under the laws of the various jurisdictions in which these matters arise. Additionally, the Company is, or may be, a party to agreements pursuant to which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters.

The Company records a provision with respect to a claim, suit, investigation or proceeding when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In accordance with the relevant accounting guidance, the Company provides disclosures of matters for which the likelihood of material loss is at least reasonably possible. In addition, the Company may also disclose matters based on its consideration of other matters and qualitative factors.

The Company reviews claims, suits, investigations and proceedings at least quarterly, and decisions are made with respect to recording or adjusting provisions and disclosing reasonably possible losses or range of losses (individually or in the aggregate) to reflect the impact and status of settlement discussions, discovery, procedural and substantive rulings, reviews by counsel and other information pertinent to a particular matter.

Whether any losses, damages or remedies finally determined in any claim, suit, investigation or proceeding could reasonably have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including the timing and amount of such losses or damages; the structure and type of any such remedies; the significance of the impact any such losses, damages or remedies may have in the consolidated financial statements; and the unique facts and circumstances of the particular matter that may give rise to additional factors. While the Company will continue to defend itself vigorously, it is possible that the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be affected in any particular period by the resolution of one or more of these matters.

In July 2017, BMC Software, Inc. (“BMC”) filed suit against IBM in the U.S. Court for the Southern District of Texas in a dispute involving various aspects of IBM’s business, including its managed infrastructure business. BMC alleged IBM’s removal of BMC software from one of its client’s sites at the client’s request constituted breach of contract, fraudulent inducement and trade secret misappropriation. In May 2022, the trial court entered a judgment against IBM and awarded BMC $717 million in direct damages and $717 million in punitive damages, plus interest, for which IBM might have tried to seek an indemnity from the Company. However, IBM appealed the judgment, and in April 2024, the court of appeals overturned the judgment against IBM. In March 2025, the United States Supreme Court denied a request by BMC to review the court of appeals’ ruling. Accordingly, we do not expect to have any liability related to this judgment.

Separately, certain contractual disputes have arisen between Kyndryl and IBM following the Separation. Over the course of this fiscal year, Kyndryl and IBM have resolved most of these matters, with certain of these matters resulting in a credit recorded in cost of services in the three months ended June 30, 2024, and other matters being resolved during the period largely in line with the Company’s accruals with no net cash outlays required by Kyndryl.

NOTE 15. EQUITY

The following tables present reclassifications and taxes related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

Share Repurchase Program

In November 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”). Under the Share Repurchase Program, the

Company may repurchase shares of its common stock from time to time in open market transactions and may also repurchase shares in accelerated share buyback programs, tender offers, privately negotiated transactions or by other means. Repurchases may also be made under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. The timing and amount of repurchase transactions will be determined by the Company’s management based on its evaluation of market conditions, share price, legal requirements and other factors. The program does not have a set expiration date and may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 2.6 million shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $94 million under the Share Repurchase Program.

NOTE 16. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock-based incentive awards are granted to employees under the terms of Kyndryl’s employment and the Kyndryl Plan (see Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies). Awards under the Kyndryl Plan principally include Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), market-conditioned and performance-conditioned stock units and stock options. RSUs and stock options generally vest based on continued passage of time. Market-conditioned and performance-conditioned stock units are cliff-vested at the end of the performance period if the market or performance conditions have been satisfied.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation cost, which is included in net income (loss).

The Company’s total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards at March 31, 2025 was $123 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years. Capitalized stock-based compensation cost was not material during any period presented.

Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activity related to Kyndryl’s RSUs, market-conditioned stock units and performance-conditioned stock units:

The Company used the following assumptions in the Monte-Carlo simulation pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair values of the market-conditioned stock units granted within each of the following fiscal years.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the activity related to Kyndryl’s stock options:

NOTE 17. RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The Company sponsors and co-sponsors defined benefit pension plans that cover certain non-U.S. employees and retirees. The defined benefit pension plan benefits are based principally on employees’ years of service and/or compensation levels at or near retirement. These plans are accounted for as defined benefit pension plans for purposes of the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the net benefit obligations, plan assets and the related benefit plan expenses of those plans have been recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The following tables present the components of net periodic pension cost for the defined benefit pension plans recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement.

*These components of net periodic pension cost are included in other expense in the Consolidated Income Statement.

The following table presents the changes in net benefit obligation and plan assets for the defined benefit pension plans.

The following table presents the amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the defined benefit pension plans.

The following table presents information for defined benefit pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations (ABO) or projected benefit obligations (PBO) in excess of plan assets.

The following table presents the pretax net loss and prior service costs (credits) recognized in OCI and the changes in pretax net loss and prior service costs (credits) recognized in AOCI for the defined benefit pension plans.

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to measure the net periodic pension cost and the year-end benefit obligations for the defined benefit pension plans.

In certain countries, a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality corporate bonds is used to construct a yield curve. Projected cash flows from the Company’s expected benefit obligation payments are matched to the yield curve to derive discounts. In other countries where the markets for high-quality long-term bonds are not as well developed, a portfolio of long-term government bonds is used as a base and a credit spread is added to simulate corporate bond yields at these maturities in the jurisdiction of each plan. This is the benchmark for developing the respective discount rates.

In developing the expected long-term rate of return on assets, the Company considers the long-term expectations for future returns. The use of expected returns may result in pension income that is greater or less than the actual return of those plan assets in a given year. Over time, however, the expected rate of return is expected to approximate the actual long-term results, leading to a pattern of income or loss recognition that more closely matches the pattern of services provided by the employees.

The investment objective of the defined benefit plans is to generate returns that will enable the plan to meet its future obligations. The weighted-average target allocation for the defined benefit plans is 28% equity securities,46% fixed-income securities,6% real estate,14% insurance contracts and 6% other investments. Typically the responsibility for determining the target allocation and managing the investments lies with a plan governing board that may include up to 50 percent of members elected by employees and retirees. Generally, these defined benefit plans do not invest in illiquid assets, and their use of derivatives is mainly for currency hedging, interest rate risk management, credit exposure and alternative investment strategies.

The following table presents the Company’s defined benefit pension plans’ asset classes and their associated fair value at March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Approximately 57 percent of plan assets are held in plans which are co-sponsored by the Company and the former Parent. The allocation of the fair value of co-sponsored plan assets is based on the initial pension assets assumed in connection with establishment of certain Kyndryl legal entities, Company contributions, distributions and market returns.

Defined benefit pension plan assets are recognized and measured at fair value. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuations, these fair value measurements may not necessarily reflect the amounts the Company could realize in current market transactions. The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure plan assets at fair value. There were no changes in valuation techniques during the periods presented.

Equity securities and mutual funds: Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported on the stock exchange on which the individual securities are traded. Mutual funds are typically valued based on quoted market prices. These assets are generally classified as Level 1.

Fixed income: Fixed-income securities, other than insurance contracts, are typically valued using the closing price reported on the major market on which the individual securities are traded, if available. Assets fair-valued using this methodology are generally classified as Level 2. If market prices are unavailable, the fair value is estimated using pricing models or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics.

Insurance contracts: Fair value is based on the expected value of the insurance benefits of the insurance contracts. The insurance benefits are assessed using the same interest rate and mortality table used to determine the liability. These assets are generally classified as Level 2.

Cash and short-term investments: Cash includes money market accounts that are valued at their cost plus interest on a daily basis, which approximates fair value. Short-term investments represent securities with original maturities of one year or less. These assets are generally classified as Level 1.

Derivatives assets: Exchange-traded derivatives are valued at the closing price reported on the exchange on which the individual securities are traded. Forward contracts are valued using a mid-close price. Over-the-counter derivatives are valued using pricing models. These models require a variety of inputs, yield curves, credit curves,

measures of volatility and foreign exchange rates. Derivative assets are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 depending on availability of quoted market prices.

Investments measured at net asset value: Certain investments are measured at fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. These investments, which may include commingled funds, hedge funds, common collective trusts, private equity partnerships and real estate partnerships, are typically valued using the NAV provided by the administrator of the fund. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities multiplied by the plan’s ownership of the investment.

It is the Company’s general practice to fund amounts for pensions sufficient to meet the minimum requirements set forth in applicable employee benefits laws and local tax laws. From time to time, the Company contributes additional amounts as it deems appropriate. The Company contributed $17 million, $14 million, and $27 million to the defined benefit pension plans during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, the Company made direct payments of $44 million, $46 million, and $37 million to participants of the defined benefit pension plans during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company estimates contributions to its defined benefit pension plans in fiscal year 2026 to be approximately $12 million. This amount generally represents legally mandated minimum contributions. Financial market performance in fiscal year 2026 could increase or decrease the legally mandated minimum contribution in certain countries that require monthly or daily remeasurement of the funded status. The Company could also elect to contribute more than the legally mandated amount based on market conditions or other factors.

The following table presents the total expected benefit payments to participants of the defined benefit pension plans.

The fiscal year 2026 expected benefit payments not covered by the respective plan assets represent a component of compensation and benefits, within current liabilities, in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Defined Contribution Retirement Plans

The Company sponsors defined contribution retirement plans for certain eligible employees. The Company’s contribution expense associated with employer matching benefits was $131 million, $140 million, and $142 million, for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans and Multi-Employer Plans

Certain Company employees participate in multi-employer defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement health plans which are sponsored by third parties and include other participants as well as other nonpension postretirement benefit plans that are sponsored by the Company. Accordingly, the Company does not record an asset or liability to recognize the funded status of the multi-employer plans. However, the Company records service cost attributable to its employees who participate in the multi-employer plans, as well as expense allocated for certain corporate and shared functional employees. These amounts are included in the Consolidated Income Statement, and were not material for any of the periods presented. The nonpension postretirement benefit plans provide a fixed monthly dollar credit for retiree health care expense. The related expenses for these plans are included in the consolidated financial statements, and were not material for any period presented.

Contributions to the nonpension postretirement benefit plans and the multi-employer plans and components of net periodic benefit cost related to these plans and were not material for any period presented. Additionally, the components resulting in a change in benefit obligation and the activity recognized in AOCI related to the nonpension postretirement benefit plans were not material for the periods presented. The nonpension postretirement benefit plans had a noncurrent liability recorded in retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligation in the Consolidated Balance Sheet of $9 million at March 31, 2025 and $10 million at March 31, 2024. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure the nonpension postretirement benefit plan obligation was 3.16%,2.89% and 3.02%, for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There wereno plan assets in the nonpension postretirement benefit plans for any period presented. As a result, the noncurrent liability related to these plans represented the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in excess of plan assets for each period presented. Future expected benefit payments to participants of the nonpension postretirement benefit plans are not expected to be material, and the Company expects contributions to the multi-employer and nonpension postretirement benefits plans to be immaterial in fiscal year 2026.

NOTE 18. TRANSACTIONS WITH FORMER PARENT

Change in Beneficial Ownership

IBM transferred all of its 19.9% initially retained interest in Kyndryl common stock to a third-party financial institution through exchange agreements in May and August 2022. IBM ceased to be a related party of Kyndryl in August 2022. Transactions related to former Parent after August 11, 2022 are no longer reported as related-party activities. As a result, there wasno related-party revenue orcost of services recognized subsequent to August 11, 2022.

Revenue and Purchases Related to Former Parent

While IBM was a related party, Kyndryl provided various services to IBM, including those related to hosting data centers and servicing IBM’s information technology infrastructure, which are reported as revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Income Statement. Related-party revenue generated from these services was $287 million for the year ended March 31, 2023. No related-party revenue was recognized after August 2022. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company reached an agreement to collect previously reserved receivables from our former Parent, which resulted in a gain recorded within transaction-related costs (benefits).

Kyndryl utilizes various IBM products and services, recognized as costs of services, in the fulfillment of services contracts. While IBM was a related party, total cost of services recognized from these related-party transactions in the Company’s Consolidated Income Statement was $1.4 billion for the year ended March 31, 2023. No related-party cost of services was recognized after August 2022.

Capital Expenditures with Former Parent

Related-party capital expenditures for purchases of IBM hardware were reflected as payments for property and equipment within the investing section of the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the amount of $89 million for the year ended March 31, 2023. Additionally, as part of the Separation, IBM committed to provide Kyndryl, at no cost, up to approximately $265 million of upgraded hardware over an expectedtwo-year period. For the year ended March 31, 2024, $265 million of the upgraded hardware committed by IBM was delivered to Kyndryl. The Company intends to recognize depreciation expense related to such equipment over its useful life in accordance with the Company’s depreciation policy, as described in Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies.

NOTE 19. WORKFORCE REBALANCING AND SITE-RATIONALIZATION CHARGES

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company initiated actions to reduce our overall cost structure and increase our operating efficiency which continued through the end of the 2025 fiscal year. These actions resulted in workforce rebalancing charges and charges related to ceasing to use leased and owned fixed assets (collectively, the “Fiscal 2025 Program”). The total charges incurred related to the Fiscal 2025 Program were $162 million, consisting of $114 million in workforce rebalancing charges and $48 million in charges related to ceasing to use leased and owned

fixed assets. The Company expects that these actions will reduce future payroll costs, rent expenses and depreciation of property and equipment.

During the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company initiated actions to reduce our overall cost structure and increase our operating efficiency, which continued through the year ended March 31, 2024. These actions resulted in workforce rebalancing charges, charges related to ceasing to use leased and owned fixed assets, and lease termination charges (collectively, the “Fiscal 2024 Program”). The total charges incurred related to the Fiscal 2024 Program were $310 million, consisting of approximately 60% for workforce rebalancing charges and approximately 40% for charges related to ceasing to use leased and owned fixed assets and lease termination charges. The Company expects that these actions will reduce future payroll costs, rent expenses and depreciation of property and equipment.

The following table presents the segment breakout of charges incurred during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents the classification of workforce rebalancing and site-rationalization activities in the Consolidated Income Statement during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents the components of and changes in our workforce rebalancing and site-rationalization charges liabilities during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.