WESTWATER RESOURCES, INC.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Westwater Resources, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Westwater Resources, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern Uncertainty

The accompanying (consolidated) financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements, since 2009, the Company has not recorded revenues from operations, and as such, is subject to all the risks associated with development stage companies. Management expects to continue to incur cash losses as a result of construction activity at the Kellyton Graphite Plant and general and administrative expenses until operations commence at the Kellyton Graphite Plant. Operations at the Kellyton Graphite Plant are dependent on securing the requisite funding needed to complete construction. The Company’s planned non-discretionary expenditures for one year past the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued, exceed the cash on hand as of the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued, excluding external funding opportunities and the Company’s current equity facility, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the (consolidated) financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures

that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/Moss Adams LLP

Denver, Colorado

March 20, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(expressed in thousands of dollars, except share amounts)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(expressed in thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(expressed in thousands of dollars, except share amounts)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(expressed in thousands of dollars)

The Company

Westwater Resources, Inc., originally incorporated in 1977, is an energy technology company focused on developing battery-grade natural graphite materials since its acquisition of Alabama Graphite in 2018. Alabama Graphite holds mineral rights to explore and potentially mine the Coosa Graphite Deposit. During 2024, AGP, a wholly owned subsidiary of Westwater Resources, continued construction activities related to Phase I of the Kellyton Graphite Plant.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) and include the accounts of Westwater Resources, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates included in the preparation of the financial statements are related to estimates of recoverable inventories; write-down of inventory; contingent liabilities; stock-based compensation and asset impairment, including estimates used to derive future cash flows or market value associated with those assets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company updated their accounting estimate of accrued uranium royalties. Based on the completion of the voluntary disclosure of unclaimed property, the Company has determined that the probability of these accrued uranium royalty liabilities becoming payable was remote and therefore wrote off the estimated liability and recognized a gain to other income of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Segment Reporting

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. The Company operates as a single segment and will evaluate additional segment disclosure requirements as it expands its operations. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the President & Chief Executive Officer. For further information related to segment reporting, seeNote 13 to these consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Management considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash deposits in excess of federally insured limits. Management monitors the soundness of the financial institution and believe the risk is negligible.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Facilities and Equipment

Expenditures for new facilities or equipment and expenditures that extend the useful lives of existing facilities or equipment are capitalized and recorded at cost. The facilities and equipment are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the assets. During the periods that the Company’s facilities are not in production, depreciation of its facilities and equipment is suspended as the assets are not in service.

Mineral rights acquisition costs are capitalized when incurred, and exploration costs are expensed as incurred. When management determines that a mineral right can be economically developed in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the costs then incurred to develop such property will be capitalized. During the periods that the Company’s facilities are not in production, depletion of its mineral interests, permits, licenses and development properties is suspended as the assets are not in service. If mineral properties are subsequently abandoned or impaired, any non-depleted costs will be charged to loss in that period.

Other Property, Plant and Equipment

Other property, plant and equipment consisted of corporate office equipment, furniture and fixtures and transportation equipment. Depreciation on other property is computed based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Gain or loss on disposal of such assets is recorded as other income or expense upon disposition of such assets.

Inventory

Inventory consists of raw material of natural flake graphite as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company values the natural flake graphite concentrate at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value represents the estimated future sales price of the product based on current and long-term graphite prices, less the estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. For sales of raw material inventory that will not be processed, the net realizable value is the contracted sales price. Write-downs of the natural flake graphite concentration to net realizable value are reported as a component of costs applicable to sales or as a component of other (expense) income if related to the sale of raw material inventory. The Company reviews and evaluates the net realizable value and obsolescence on an annual basis or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related net realizable amounts may be lower than cost. The Company determines the current portion of inventory, if any, based on the expected amounts to be processed within the next 12 months and utilizes the short-term metal price assumption in estimating net realizable value. Inventory not expected to be processed within the next 12 months, if any, is classified as non-current within other long-term assets and the Company utilizes the long-term metal price assumption in estimating net realizable value. Costs are removed from raw materials using an average cost basis.

For further information related to inventory during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, seeNote 4 to these consolidated financial statements.

Accounting for Government Grants

U.S. GAAP does not contain authoritative accounting standards for incentives and grants provided by governmental entities to a for-profit entity. Absent authoritative accounting standards, interpretative guidance issued and commonly applied by financial statement preparers allows for the selection of accounting policies amongst acceptable alternatives.

On July 23, 2021, AGP entered into a land lease with the Lake Martin Area Industrial Development Authority. The lease provides AGP rights to approximately 70 acres to construct and operate its commercial graphite processing facility in Coosa County, Alabama. The lease has a term of 10-years, a nominal lease payment, and transfer of title to AGP at the end of the lease term. Further, the lease provides AGP the option to purchase the land for a nominal amount during the term of the lease. The lease is accounted for by the Company as a government grant; whereby the Company realized the fair value of the land of $1.4 million as an increase to “Property, plant, and equipment” with a corresponding obligation recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024. The $1.4 million recognized represents the fair value of the land at the time of lease inception in 2021. The land represents a non-depreciable asset on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The corresponding obligation recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheet will be amortized to other income over the life of the Kellyton Graphite Plant once placed in service.

Based on facts and circumstances outlined below, the Company determined it most appropriate to account for the land received from the local municipality as an in-substance government grant by analogy to International Accounting Standards 20 (“IAS 20”), Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. Under the provisions of IAS 20, government grants “are assistance by government in the form of transfers of resources to an entity in return for past or future compliance with certain conditions relating to the operating activities of the entity.” A government grant is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will meet the terms for receiving and realizing the benefit of the grant. IAS 20 does not define “reasonable assurance”, however, based on certain interpretations, it is analogous to “probable” as defined in FASB ASC 450-20-20 under U.S. GAAP, which is the definition the Company has applied to its determination of recognizing the land grant at inception of the government grant. Under IAS 20, government grants are recognized in earnings on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognizes costs for which the grant is intended to compensate (i.e. qualified expenses). Further, IAS 20 permits for the recognition in earnings either separately under a general heading such as other income, or as a reduction of the related expenses. The Company has elected to recognize government grant income separately within other income to present a clearer distinction in its financial statements between its operating income and the amount of net income resulting from the land grant.

Asset Impairment

The Company reviews and evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company considers events or changes in circumstances such as, but not limited to, significant negative impacts in the market price or demand of graphite or potential graphite products, a significant adverse change in the extent or manner to which the Company will use its long-lived asset (or asset group), adverse social or political developments, accumulation of costs over projected budget or accumulation of costs in excess of potential future cash flows of a long-lived asset (or asset group).

Graphite Processing Facilities and Equipment

Impairment is considered to exist if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amount of the assets. An impairment loss is measured and recorded based on discounted estimated future cash flows or upon an estimate of fair value that may be received in an exchange transaction. Future cash flows are estimated based on expected graphite prices, production levels, and operating and capital costs over the estimated useful life of the project. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups. The Company’s estimate of future cash flows requires significant management judgement and is based on numerous assumptions. Actual future cash flows may be significantly different than the estimates, as actual future quantities of production, future changes in market price or demand of graphite, operating and capital costs, and availability and cost of capital are each subject to significant risks and uncertainties.

Impairment is considered to exist if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amount of the assets. An impairment loss is measured and recorded based on discounted estimated future cash flows or upon an estimate of fair value that may be received in an exchange transaction. Future cash flows are estimated based on quantities of recoverable minerals, projected graphite prices, production levels, and operating and capital costs, based upon the projected remaining future graphite or vanadium production. Existing proven and probable reserves and value beyond proven and probable reserves, including mineralization that is not part of the measured, indicated or inferred resource base, are included when determining the fair value of mine site reporting unit at acquisition and, subsequently, in determining whether the assets are impaired. The term “recoverable minerals” refers to the estimated amount of graphite or vanadium that will be obtained after taking into account losses during processing and treatment. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups. The Company’s estimate of future cash flows requires significant management judgement and is based on numerous assumptions. Actual future cash flows will be significantly different than the estimates, as actual future quantities of recoverable minerals, future changes in market price or demand of graphite,

production levels and operating costs of production and availability and cost of capital are each subject to significant risks and uncertainties.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

U.S. GAAP defines “fair value” as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price) and establishes a fair-value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value using the following definitions (from highest to lowest priority):

● Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

● Level 3 — Prices or valuation techniques requiring inputs that are both significant to the fair-value measurement and unobservable.

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and the credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. Periodically throughout the year, the Company has maintained balances in various U.S. operating accounts in excess of U.S. federally insured limits.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables set forth the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Consequently, such financial instruments are not included in the following tables.

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements

There wereno assets or liabilities recognized at fair value on a non-recurring basis by level as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. As the Company recorded a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, diluted loss per share is not presented as the effect on the basic loss per share would be anti-dilutive. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had 4,739,984 and 2,197,884, respectively, in potentially dilutive securities.

Product Development Expenses

Product development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were $1.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Product development costs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, primarily relate to continued product development, product optimization costs, and continued sample production of battery-grade natural graphite products for evaluation by customers, and potential customers.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” (“ASU 2023-07”) which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosures, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment and contain other disclosure requirements. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” (“ASU 2016-13”) which is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. ASU 2016-13 changed how companies account for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, companies are required to estimate lifetime expected credit losses and recognize an allowance against the related instruments. For available for sale debt securities, companies are required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than reducing the carrying value of the asset. This update results in earlier recognition of losses and impairments. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses,” (“ASU 2018-19”) which is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases are accounted for in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. The adoption of ASU 2018-19 did not result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-03, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), and Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120, SEC Staff Announcement at the March 24, 2022 EITF Meeting, and Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 6.B, Accounting Series Release 280 – General Revision of Regulation S-X: Income or Loss Applicable to Common Stock.” These updates were immediately effective and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)” (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 improves financial reporting by requiring companies to disclose additional information about certain expenses in the notes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, “Codification Improvements – Amendments to Remove References to the Concept Statements” (“ASU 2024-02”). ASU 2024-02 contains amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification that remove references to various FASB Concepts Statements. In most instances, the references are extraneous and not required to understand or apply the guidance. In other instances, the references were used in prior Statements to provide guidance in certain topical areas. ASU 2024-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has evaluated the potential impact of adopting this guidance and expects minimal impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” (“ASU 2023-09”) which is intended to enhance the transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments require that on an annual basis, entities disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, the amendments require that entities disclose additional information about income taxes paid as well as additional disclosures of pretax income and income tax expense, and remove the requirement to disclose certain items that are no longer considered cost beneficial or relevant. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. This update will be effective beginning January 1, 2026, and the Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, “'Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative,” (“ASU 2023-06”). The new guidance clarifies or improves disclosure and presentation requirements on a variety of topics in the codification. The amendments will align the requirements in the FASB Accounting Standard Codification with the SEC’s regulations. The amendments are effective prospectively on the date each individual amendment is effectively removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a “going concern” basis, which means that the continuation of the Company is presumed even though events and conditions exist that, when considered in the aggregate, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern because it is possible that the Company will be required to adversely change its current business plan or may be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued. The Company last recorded revenue from operations in 2009, and as such, Westwater is subject to all the risks associated with a development stage company.

Management considered the following events and conditions in its going concern analysis. As of December 31, 2024, current liabilities exceeded current assets. Further, the Company last recorded revenue from operations in 2009. The Company expects to continue to incur cash losses as a result of construction activity at the Kellyton Graphite Plant and general and administrative expenses until operations commence at the Kellyton Graphite Plant. If financing is not available to fund the construction of Phase I of the Kellyton Graphite Plant through equity and debt capital markets or alternative financing sources, the Company may be required to reduce or severely curtail operations, change its planned business development strategies related to the Coosa Graphite Deposit and Phase I of the Kellyton Graphite Plant, alter the construction and commissioning timeline of Phase I of the Kellyton Graphite Plant, put the construction of Phase I of

the Kellyton Graphite Plant on hold until additional funding is obtained, or seek strategic alternatives. If the Company is required to abandon construction and development or alter its intended long-term plans related to the Kellyton Graphite Plant, the Company could be required to evaluate the recoverability of its long-lived assets.

Since 2009, the Company has relied on equity financings, debt financings and asset sales to fund its operations. During the year ended December 31, 2024, and through the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, the Company continued certain construction activities related to the Kellyton Graphite Plant. However, those certain construction activities have been significantly reduced from anticipated levels until the additional funding needed to complete Phase I of the Kellyton Graphite Plant is in place. The Company’s construction related contracts include termination provisions at the Company’s election that do not obligate the Company to make payments beyond what is incurred by the third-party service provider through the date of such termination. In its going concern analysis, the Company considered the construction activity and related costs through the date the consolidated financial statements are issued. Based on this analysis and excluding potential external funding opportunities and the Company’s current equity facilities, the Company’s planned non-discretionary expenditures for one year past the issue date of these consolidated financial statements exceed the cash on hand as of the date of these consolidated financial statements.

At December 31, 2024, the Company’s cash balances were $4.3 million. On August 29, 2024, the Company terminated the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor, and on August 30, 2024, entered into a new ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold approximately 2.3 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $1.1 million pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor, and sold 4.8 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $2.7 million pursuant to the ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has approximately $5.1 million remaining available for future sales under the ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright. On August 30, 2024, the Company entered into the 2024 Lincoln Park PA, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has committed to purchase up to $30.0 million of the Company’s common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold approximately 1.0 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $0.4 million pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has approximately 9.5 million shares of common stock that are available for future sales pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA. SeeNote 8 for further details regarding the Company’s equity financing agreements.

While the Company has advanced its business plan and has been successful in the past raising funds through equity financings as well as through the sale of non-core assets, no assurance can be given that additional financing will be available in amounts sufficient to meet its needs, or on terms acceptable to the Company. Recent volatility in the equity and debt capital markets, rising interest rates, inflation, electric vehicle production and adoption rates, generally uncertain economic conditions and regulatory policy and enforcement, and unstable geopolitical conditions could significantly impact the Company’s ability to access the necessary funding to advance its business plan. On July 3, 2024, the Company filed a new Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 29, 2024. The Company is subject to General Instruction I.B. 6 of Form S-3, which limits the amount that the Company may sell under the Registration Statement. After giving effect to these limitations and the current public float of our common stock, and after giving effect to the terms of the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor and the ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright, the Company may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to approximately $5.1 million under the ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright as of December 31, 2024. The Company’s ability to raise additional funds under the ATM Sales Agreement may be further limited by the Company’s market capitalization, share price and trading volume.

When considering the above events and conditions in the aggregate, the Company believes such events and conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued.

3. PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had the following components within “Prepaid and other current assets”.

As of December 31, 2024, inventory represents raw material inventory that is under contract to be sold within the next twelve months and for product sample production within the next twelve months. Refer toNote 4 for further details.

4. INVENTORY

Inventory consisted of raw material of natural flake graphite concentrate provided by a third-party vendor totaling $0.5 million and $4.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, $0.3 million of raw material inventory was under contract to be sold and $0.2 million of raw material inventory will be used to produce samples within the next twelve months. The full balance of inventory as of December 31, 2024, is included in the “Prepaid and other current assets” line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2023, the inventory balance was within the “Other long-term assets” line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a $1.0 million write-down of inventory based on the net realizable value of committed sales of raw material inventory. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there wasno write-down of the Company’s inventory.

Construction in Progress

Construction in progress represents assets that are not ready for service or are in the construction stage. Assets are depreciated based on the estimated useful life of the asset once it is placed in service.

As part of Westwater’s design optimization of the Kellyton Graphite Plant, the Company determined a component of the asset group could be sold. The cash proceeds received totaled $1.5 million and are included within the Investing Activities section of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2024. As this asset was a component of the larger asset group and in accordance with ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment” guidance, the Company did not recognize a triggering event for impairment.

Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment

The Company reviews and evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no indicators of impairment were identified and therefore, no impairment charges were recorded on the Company’s assets. As discussed inNote 2, if the Company is required to abandon construction and development or alter its intended long-term plans related to the Kellyton Graphite Plant, the Company could be required to evaluate the recoverability of its long-lived assets.

6. LEASES

The Company determines if a contractual arrangement represents or contains a lease at inception. The Company’s lease portfolio consists of an operating lease for the corporate office in Centennial, Colorado (the “office lease”) and other small operating and finance leases for office equipment in the Alabama office. In May 2023, the office lease was extended for an additional three years, effective August 2023. The Company accounted for the lease extension as a lease modification. The office lease includes an option toextend the lease term for an additional three years, however, the renewal option and any option to terminate is not reasonably certain as of December 31, 2024. Under our office lease, a component of our payment is to cover our proportion of the building’s operating expenses. Because these amounts are related to common area maintenance of the leased space, they are considered a non-lease component and are not included in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and related lease liability, but rather expensed in the period incurred.

The Company is party to several leases that have terms that are less than a year in length. These include leases for land used in exploration activities, machinery, office space, storage and other. The Company has elected the short-term lease exemption allowed under the new leasing standards, whereby leases with initial terms ofone year or less are not capitalized and instead expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition, the Company holds several leases related to mineral exploration and production to which it has not applied the new leasing standard, as mineral leases are specifically excluded by ASC 842, “Leases.”

The right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term using discount rates that range from 3.00% to 12.00%. These rates are either implicit within the lease contract or reflected at the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement dates.

For equipment leases that contain a variable lease component, the variable payment is typically based upon the amount of use of the leased equipment. For our office lease, the variable lease payment is based on the Company’s estimated portion of the total operating expenses of the building.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $0.2 million in right-of-use assets and $0.2 million in related lease liabilities ($0.1 million of which is current). The most significant operating lease is for its corporate office in Centennial, Colorado, with$0.2 million remaining in undiscounted cash payments through the end of the lease term in 2026.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has entered into certain leases that have not yet commenced. Each of the leases relate to equipment to be used at the Kellyton Graphite Plant with lease terms of 5 years, which we expect to commence when we begin operations and take possession of the equipment. The net present value of such leases is $1.2 million.

Accrued liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of:

Common Stock Issued, Net of Issuance Costs

ATM Financing with H.C. Wainwright

On August 30, 2024, the Company entered into an ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright to sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate sales price of up to $8,050,000 (the “ATM Shares”), from time to time, through an “at the market” offering program under which H.C. Wainwright will act as the sales agent. Sales of the ATM Shares made under the ATM Sales Agreement will be made by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The Company will pay H.C. Wainwright a commission rate equal to up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of ATM Shares and has agreed to provide H.C. Wainwright with customary indemnification and contribution rights. The Company will also reimburse H.C. Wainwright for certain specified expenses in connection with entering into the ATM Sales Agreement. The ATM Sales Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and conditions to the sale of the ATM Shares pursuant thereto.

Since entering into the ATM Sales Agreement and as of December 31, 2024, the Company sold 4.8 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $2.7 million pursuant to the ATM Sales Agreement.

Sales made under the ATM Sales Agreement are made pursuant to the prospectus supplement filed August 30, 2024, pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5), which registered for sale up to a total of $8,050,000 of the Company’s common stock as a takedown off the Registration Statement, which was filed on July 3, 2024, and was declared effective by the SEC on August 29, 2024. The Company is subject to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, which limits the amounts that the Company may sell under the Registration Statement. After giving effect to these limitations and the current public float of its common stock, and after giving effect to the terms of the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor and the ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to approximately $5.1 million under the ATM Sales Agreement with H.C. Wainwright as of December 31, 2024.

Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”)

On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor acting as the sales agent. The ATM Offering Agreement was terminated by the Company effective as of August 29, 2024. Prior to termination, the Company could, from time to time, sell shares of its common stock in “at-the-market” offerings pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor. The Company paid Cantor a commission of up to 2.5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of its common stock pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 2.3 million shares of common stock for net cash proceeds of $1.1 million pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold approximately 5.7 million shares of common stock for net cash proceeds of $4.7 million pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor.

August 2024 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital, LLC

On August 30, 2024, the Company entered into the 2024 Lincoln Park PA and the 2024 Lincoln Park Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has committed to purchase up to $30.0 million of the Company’s common stock.

Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the 2024 Lincoln Park PA, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase, up to $30.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Sales of common stock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s sole discretion, over the 24-month period commencing on October 18, 2024 (the

“Commencement Date”). The Registration Statement on Form S-1 registering for resale the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA was declared effective by the SEC on October 11, 2024, and a related final prospectus was filed on October 18, 2024, pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3).

After the Commencement Date under the 2024 Lincoln Park PA, the Company may direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 150,000 shares of common stock on such business day (each, a “Regular Purchase”), provided, however, that (i) the Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 200,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the common stock is not below $0.50 on the purchase date; (ii) the Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 250,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the common stock is not below $0.75 on the purchase date; and (iii) the Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 300,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the common stock is not below $1.00 on the purchase date (all of which share and dollar amounts shall be appropriately proportionately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction as provided in the 2024 Lincoln Park PA). In each case, Lincoln Park’s maximum commitment in any single Regular Purchase may not exceed $1,000,000. The purchase price per share for each such Regular Purchase will be based off of an agreed upon fixed discount to the prevailing market prices of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the time of sale. In addition to Regular Purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional accelerated purchases at such times and subject to the limitations set forth in the 2024 Lincoln Park PA.

Under applicable rules of the NYSE American, in no event may the Company issue or sell to Lincoln Park under the 2024 Lincoln Park PA any shares of its common stock to the extent the issuance of such shares of common stock, when aggregated with all other shares of common stock issued pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA, would cause the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA to exceed 19.99% of the shares of common stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the 2024 Lincoln Park PA, or 11,668,189 shares of common stock (the “Exchange Share Cap”), unless and until the Company obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Share Cap or otherwise, and in accordance with applicable NYSE American listing rules. In any event, the 2024 Lincoln Park PA specifically provides that the Company may not issue or sell any shares of its common stock under the 2024 Lincoln Park PA if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable NYSE American rules.

Lincoln Park has no right to require the Company to sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park, but Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs, subject to certain conditions. In all instances, the Company may not sell shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the 2024 Lincoln Park PA if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of its common stock. There are no upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.

As consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of common stock under the 2024 Lincoln Park PA, the Company issued to Lincoln Park 600,000 shares of common stock and may issue to Lincoln Park up to an additional 600,000 shares of common stock (the “Additional Commitment Shares”) in connection with each purchase of common stock by Lincoln Park and in an amount of Additional Commitment Shares as calculated pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA.

Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in, in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares of common stock.

The net proceeds under the 2024 Lincoln Park PA to the Company will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park. The Company expects that any proceeds received by the Company from such sales to Lincoln Park will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold approximately 1.0 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $0.4 million pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has approximately 9.5 million shares of common stock that are available for future sales, subject to the limitations noted above, pursuant to the 2024 Lincoln Park PA.

December 2020 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park

On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into the 2020 Lincoln Park PA with Lincoln Park to place up to $100.0 million or 16 million shares in the aggregate of the Company's common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 36 months. As of December 31, 2023, the 2020 Lincoln Park PA has expired by its terms.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, pursuant to the 2020 Lincoln Park PA, the Company sold approximately 0.9 million shares of common stock for net cash proceeds of $0.8 million. These shares were sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement filed on December 4, 2020, and in accordance with Rule 424(b)(5) as a takedown off the Company’s shelf registration statement, which had been declared effective by the SEC on December 1, 2020.

Stock-based compensation awards consist of stock options, restricted stock units and bonus shares issued under the Company’s equity incentive plans, which include the 2013 Plan and Inducement Plan.

The Company’s stockholders approved amendments to the 2013 Plan to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock available and reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan by 1,500,000 shares on May 10, 2023, and by an additional 3,000,000 shares on May 30, 2024.

Under the 2013 Plan, the Company may grant awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), unrestricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares and other performance-based awards, other equity-based awards and cash bonus awards to eligible persons. Equity awards under the 2013 Plan are granted from time to time at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Committee”), with vesting periods and other terms as determined by the Committee with a maximum term of 10 years. The 2013 Plan is administered by the Committee, which can delegate the administration to the Board, other committees or to such other officers and employees of the Company as designated by the Committee and permitted by the 2013 Plan. As of December 31, 2024,100,003 shares were available for future issuances under the 2013 Plan.

The Inducement Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards, including restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and performance units. Under the Inducement Plan, the Company may grant equity awards for the sole purpose of recruiting and hiring new employees. As of December 31, 2024,114,429 shares were available for future issuances under the Inducement Plan.

The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur rather than estimating forfeitures. Expense associated with an award that is forfeited or does not meet the performance obligation prior to vesting will be reversed accordingly. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Stock compensation expense is recorded in general and administrative expenses.

Stock Options

Stock options are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures upon occurrence.

The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and changes during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The weighted average remaining term for stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024, is approximately 7.7 years.

The following table summarizes assumptions used to assess the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had less than $0.1 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested stock options that will be recognized over a period of approximately five months.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs are granted with vesting conditions determined by the Committee. Vesting conditions may include criteria such as time-based, performance-based, and/or a total shareholder return market condition. RSUs are valued at the fair value of the award on the date of grant, which is typically based on the closing share price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The final number of shares issued under performance-based RSUs is generally based on the Company’s prior year performance as determined by the Committee at each vesting date, and the valuation of such awards assumes full satisfaction of applicable vesting criteria. The Company accounts for forfeitures upon occurrence.

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $0.6 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested RSUs that will be recognized over a period of approximately 2 years.

As part of Westwater’s design optimization of the Kellyton Graphite Plant, the Company determined that while it can utilize its current raw material graphite flake in inventory, a different size of natural graphite flake results in a better yield of CSPG, is more cost effective, and does not negatively impact finished product performance. As a result, the Company has entered into agreements to sell a portion of its raw material inventory. Sales of raw material inventory are recognized upon shipment. Because the Kellyton Graphite Plant is not currently operational and these agreements are not entered into in the Company’s ordinary course of business activities, the Company does not recognize these agreements as revenue under ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized sales of raw material inventory of $3.6 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and related offsetting expenses of $4.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a write-down of inventory of $1.0 million to recognize the lower of cost or net realizable value related to raw material inventory that is under contract to be sold. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there wasno write-down of the Company’s inventory. Refer toNote 4 for further details.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company completed a voluntary disclosure of unclaimed property, which included a review of the historical accrued uranium royalties related to the Company’s former uranium business. Upon completion of the review by the state authority, it was concluded that the accrued uranium royalties were not owed or escheatable to the state. Based on the completion of the voluntary disclosure of unclaimed property, the Company has determined that the probability of these estimated uranium royalty liabilities becoming payable is remote and therefore wrote off the estimated liability and recognized other income of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized interest income of $0.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in its investment account.

The Company recognizes future tax assets and liabilities for each tax jurisdiction based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes are paid or recovered. A valuation allowance is provided against net future tax assets for which the Company does not consider the realization of such assets to meet the required “more likely than not” standard.

The Company’s future tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023, include the following components:

The composition of the valuation allowance by tax jurisdiction is summarized as follows:

The valuation allowance increased $2.9 million from the year ended December 31, 2023, to the year ended December 31, 2024. There was an increase in the net deferred tax assets, net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”), equity-based compensation and exploration spending on mineral properties.

In December 2017, the United States enacted comprehensive tax reform legislation known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” that, among other things, reduces the U.S. Federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and implements a territorial tax system, but imposes an alternative ‘base erosion and anti-abuse tax’ (‘BEAT’), and incremental tax on global intangible low tax foreign income (‘GILTI’) effective January 1, 2018. The Company has selected an accounting policy with respect to both the new BEAT and GILTI rules to compute the related taxes in the period the Company became subject to these rules. There were no inclusions of either taxes during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Because the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized, the Company continues to record a 100% valuation against the net deferred tax assets.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $279.8 million which expire from 2025 toindefinite availability. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, U.S. net operating losses generated in years ending after 2017 have an indefinite carryforward rather than the previous 20-year carryforward. This does not impact losses incurred in years ended in 2017 or earlier. At December 31, 2024, the Company had U.S. capital loss carryforwards of approximately $106.1 million, which expire in 2025 if not utilized. In addition, at

December 31, 2024, the Company had Australian net operating loss carryforwards of $14.7 million, including approximately $13.3 million associated with the purchase of our Turkish assets which are available indefinitely, subject to continuing to meet relevant statutory tests. In Turkey, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $0.2 million, which expire from 2025 to 2029.

Federal and state laws impose substantial restrictions on the utilization of NOL carryforwards in the event of an ownership change for income tax purposes, as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”). Pursuant to IRC Section 382, annual use of the Company’s NOL carryforwards may be limited in the event a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% occurs within a three-year period. Following the issuance of the Company’s common stock in 2001, the Neutron merger in 2012, the Anatolia transaction in 2015 and the Alabama Graphite acquisition in 2018, the ability to utilize the net operating loss carryforwards will be severely limited on an annual and aggregate basis. A formal Section 382 study would be required to determine the actual allowable usage of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards. However, it is possible that past ownership changes will result in the inability to utilize a significant portion of the Company’s NOL carryforward that was generated prior to any change of control. The Company’s ability to use its remaining NOL carryforwards may be further limited if the Company experiences an IRC Section 382 ownership change in connection with future changes in the Company’s stock ownership. Based on information currently available, the Company currently estimates that $201.6 million of the U.S. net operating losses will not be able to be utilized and have reduced the Company’s deferred tax asset accordingly. This resulted in a decrease in the valuation allowance.

For financial reporting purposes, loss from operations before income taxes consists of the following components:

A reconciliation of expected income tax on net income at statutory rates is as follows:

The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions. Should the Company incur interest and penalties relating to tax uncertainties, such amounts would be classified as a component of the interest expense and operating expense, respectively.

Westwater Resources, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries, files in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Anatolia Energy Limited and Anatolia Uranium Pty Ltd file in the Australian jurisdiction and Adur Madencilik files in the Turkish jurisdiction. Alabama Graphite Corporation files in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions.

Future operations on the Company’s properties are subject to federal and state regulations for the protection of the environment, including air and water quality. The Company evaluates the status of current environmental laws and their potential impact on current operating costs and accrual for future costs. The Company believes its operations are materially compliant with current, applicable environmental regulations.

At any given time, the Company may enter into negotiations to settle outstanding legal proceedings, if any, and any resulting accruals will be estimated based on the relevant facts and circumstances applicable at that time. We do not expect that such settlements will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Arbitration Against Republic of Turkey

On December 7, 2023, the Company accepted a payment from the Republic of Turkey in the amount of $3.1 million as complete, final, and full settlement of the matters at issue in the arbitration proceeding between the Company and the Republic of Turkey. The Company recognized a gain of $3.1 million related to the payment received asGain on settlement within its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.

For additional details on current legal proceedings seeItem 3, Legal Proceedings.

The Company hasone reporting segment, the “battery-grade graphite business” segment. Graphite extraction and processing are regulated by federal and state governments. Compliance with regulations have a material effect on the economics of our operations and the timing of project development. Our primary regulatory costs have been, and are expected to continue to relate to, obtaining licenses and operating permits from federal and state agencies before the commencement of production activities, as well as continuing compliance with licenses and permits once they have been issued. The current environmental and technical regulatory requirements for the graphite extraction and processing industry are well established, however, the regulatory process can make permitting difficult and timing unpredictable.

U.S. regulations pertaining to graphite extraction and processing may evolve in the U.S., however, at this time we do not anticipate any adverse impact from these regulations that would be unique to our operations.

The battery-grade graphite business segment includes the Kellyton Graphite Plant and the Coosa Graphite Deposit, both at a pre-revenue stage and located in Coosa County, Alabama. Both are anticipated to be used to produce battery-grade natural graphite materials as follows:

Kellyton Graphite Plant:

The Company will process natural graphite concentrate at the Kellyton Graphite Plant through a combination of sizing, shaping, spheroidization and classification. Once completed, the purification is expected to be performed using a proprietary purification process. The process uses a combination of technologies including a caustic bake, acid leach and thermal treatment, a process that allows for a smaller and more sustainable environmental footprint than that of a hydrofluoric acid (“HF”) leaching system, which is widely used by other graphite processing companies. Once the graphite is purified to a minimum graphite carbon content of 99.95%, the Company will coat the SPG to manufacture the advanced graphite products it intends to sell. The purification process developed by Westwater is the subject of a patent application that has been filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

For construction and operations of the Kellyton Graphite Plant, the Company is required to obtain and maintain permits related to air emissions, water discharge, storm water drainage, and possibly other regulated waste. On January 31, 2022, Westwater announced that it had received its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”) construction stormwater permit, which was required to commence site grading for the Kellyton Graphite Plant. The NPDES permit has been issued by the State of Alabama under NPDES to ensure Westwater’s construction efforts comply

with the Federal Clean Water Act as it relates to regulated disturbances and any stormwater runoff from the Kellyton Graphite Plant site.

In June 2022 and August 2022, the Company received its air permit and its State Indirect Discharge (“SID”) permit for the treatment of wastewater from the Alabama Department of Environmental Management, respectively. Consequently, the Company has all necessary permits to complete the construction of Phase I of the Kellyton Graphite Plant.

Coosa Graphite Deposit:

Westwater currently purchases graphite flake concentrate for the Kellyton Graphite Plant under a supply contract with Syrah Resources Limited. Westwater expects to continue to purchase graphite concentrate from Syrah Resources Limited and/or other sources for the Kellyton Graphite Plant until the Coosa Graphite Deposit is developed and in operation. Westwater believes its current contract with Syrah Resources Limited provides adequate feedstock supply until then. Currently, the Coosa Graphite Deposit is being evaluated and developed for future mining operations, which will require permitting as well. Development of a mine at the Coosa Graphite Deposit, is expected to serve as an in-house source of graphite feedstock and will provide in-house QA/QC for raw-material inputs.

Graphite mining and processing in Alabama requires various permits, including those for any emissions to air, water, or other aspects of the environment. Permits may be required from the State of Alabama, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Army Corps of Engineers, and other state and federal agencies. Specifically, to mine the Coosa Graphite Deposit, permits may be required in accordance with the Alabama Surface Mining Act of 1969, which is administered by the Alabama Department of Labor (“DoL”). DoL issues mining permits, ensures that mine sites are properly bonded for reclamation purposes, and makes periodic inspections. The Company is currently in the process of determining which permits are needed as well as the requirements for posting surety obligations or negotiable bonds related to the area to be disturbed. Future mining operations at the Coosa Graphite Deposit may be subject to the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act process, with potential review by various federal agencies that may include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Army Corp of Engineers, the Bureau of Land Management, and others.

In Alabama, any surface or groundwater withdrawals are managed through the Alabama Water Use Reporting Program. The Alabama Water Resources Act and associated regulations establish the requirements for water withdrawals. The process begins with the submission of an application form called a “Declaration of Beneficial Use” and other required information to the Office of Water Resources (“OWR”) within the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs. Once application information is reviewed and determined to be complete, OWR will issue a Certificate of Use (“COU”) that lists the applicant’s name and information concerning all registered surface and/or groundwater withdrawal points and their withdrawal information. Entities with a capacity to withdraw more than 100,000 gallons per day are required to register with OWR and obtain a COU. The COU certifies that proposed water use will not interfere with existing water use and is beneficial. The Company anticipates evaluating the future need for a COU during its development of a detailed mine plan.

The accounting policies of the battery-grade graphite business are the same as those described inNote 1, The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The CODM assesses performance for the battery-grade graphite business segment and decides how to allocate resources based on operating expenses, as reported on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, compared to forecasted expenses. The CODM intends to continue to use operating expenses to evaluate the segment until the Kellyton Graphite Plant is operational.

The following is a table of the segment assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The following is a table of the segment profit or loss and significant segment expenses as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: